江苏大学大三下《高级英语》复习资料

Lessson 1 face to face with hurricane Camille Ⅰ.paraphrase1.We' re 23 feet above sea level.2.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has evercaused any damage to it.3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive thehurricane without much damage.4.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producingelectricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6.The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt astrong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voicegradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by thenervous tension caused by the hurricane.ⅡTranslation1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。

00600《高级英语》复习资料重要词组总汇In return 作为(对某物)得付款或回报What do we give them in return、Conceive of 想像、认为I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies、 Who never conceived of us billiondollar Babies(俚语:人)。

对于那些认为我们从不会成为腰缠万贯得巨富得先生与女士们,我们总就是暗自嘲笑她们。

Scores of 很多Scores of young people、Strike sb、 as … 给某人留下印象make an impression on sbThese conclusion strike me as reasonable、我认为她们得话就是合情合理得Drop out 脱离传统社会Ever since 自从In hopes of 怀着…希望Ever since civilization began, certain individuals(人) have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler, more pastoral田园得, and more peaceful lifeSupport oneself 自食其力Run out of 没有,用完,耗尽Our planet is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes、我们地球上高尚得野蛮人与未玷污得地方越来越少the other way (round) 相反e off 成功These are the ones whose revolutions did not e off、In need of 需要It dawns on a familiar, workaday place,still in need ofgroceries and sewage disposal、它洒在一个司空见惯,平凡庸碌得地方,一个仍然无法摆脱食品杂货,污水处理得地方。

The Tale of Albert Einstein’s “Greatest Blunder”By Neil deGrasse TysonConsolidation WorkI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. transient2. repulsive3. embarrassed4. seethe with5. asserted6. blunders7. tantamount to8. work out9. elbow their way 10. permeated 11. Embedded 12. convincing 13. part and parcel 14. in effect 15. scrutinyII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1. elliptical2. provocation3. noticeably4. predictive; predict5. Cosmology; cosmologists6. specialization7. distorted8. eternal9. reconciliation 10. unassailableIII. Paraphrase the following sentences taken from the text.1.It is Albert Einstein’s theory that has caused these ideas to appear in 20th-centuryphysics, and these ideas are equally difficult to understand.2.Every few years, scientists who test phenomena with lab equipment makeexperiments that are more and more accurate to test Albert Einstein’s theory of General Relativity, but they only turn out to go beyond the limits of its accuracy (turn out to increase its accuracy).3.Most scientific models are only inadequate ones that are not well planned orconsidered, and the factors or limits that these models establish can be slightly changed/altered to make these models match the universe that has been known to man.4.From time to time in the past years, theorists would pick up again and reexaminelambda which was more commonly known as the “cosmological constant”and had been rejected as one of the theories that were not believed to be true.5.When physicists reused lambda and put it back in Einstein’s original equations forgeneral relativity, the actual universe that people knew agreed with the model universe that Einstein’s equations described (what the universe actually was agreed with what Einstein’s equations described it to be).6.“Dark Energy” beat the other names and was adopted as the right term and thisterm itself very well expresses our ignorance of what that energy is or what produces this energy.7.Dark energy isn’t something that has got no theory to support it.IV. Test your general knowledge.1．For his work in theoretical physics, notably on the _____________, Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.A. general relativityB. special relativityC. photoelectric effectD. cosmological constant2. In 1916 he completed his mathematical formulation of a general theory of relativity that included ___________ as a determiner of the curvature of a space-time continuum.A. gravitationB. anti-gravitationC. dark energyD. cosmological constant3. Which of the following statements about Albert Einstein is true? ___________A. After Hitler’s rise to power, Einstein left Germany and worked from 1934 inUSA. On October 1, 1940, Einstein became an American citizen. He remained both an American and a Swiss citizen until his death on April 18, 1955.B. In 1939, Einstein sent a letter to President Truman urging the study of nuclearfission for military purposes, under fears that the Nazi government would be first to develop nuclear weapons.C. In addition to the theory of relativity, Einstein is also known for hiscontributions to the development of the atomic bomb.D. Einstein spent the later part of his life attempting to establish a merger betweenunified field theory and his general theory of relativity.4. Which of the following statements is not the idea belonging to the big-bang theory?____________A. At the beginning of time, all of the matter and energy in the universe wasconcentrated in a very dense state, from which it exploded, with the resulting expansion continuing until the present.B. The big bang is dated between 10 and 20 billion years ago.C. In the initial state, the universe was very hot and contained a thermal soup ofquarks, electrons, photons, and other elementary particles.D. The universe has always expanded, with no beginning or end, at a uniform rateand it always will expand and maintain a constant density.5. Newton’s apple is a popular story claiming that Newton was inspired to formulate his ______________ by the fall of an apple from a tree.A. laws of motionB. theory of universal gravitationC. conservation of momentumD. development of calculus6. The solar system comprises the Sun and the retinue of celestial objectsgravitationally bound to it: currently there are officially ___________ and their 165 known moons, as well as asteroids, meteoroids, planetoids, comets, and interplanetary dust.A. nine starsB. eight starsC. nine planetsD. eight planets7. Which theory concluded that the expansion of the universe is approximatelyuniform and the greater the distance between any two galaxies, the greater their relative speed of separation? ____________A. The Big-Bang theoryB. The Big-Rip theoryC. The Steady-State theoryD. Hubble’s Law8. At the end of the 20th century, the study of very distant supernovas led to the belief that the cosmic expansion was accelerating. To explain this cosmologists postulated a repulsive force, ____________, which counteracts gravity and pushes galaxies apart.A. black holeB. dark energyC. universal constantD. cosmic force9. Stephen Hawking showed that if the general theory of relativity was correct the universe must have a __________, or starting point, in space-time.A.singularityB.black holeC.dark matterD.boundary10. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ___________A. According to Einstein’s special theory of relativity, which is a geometricinterpretation of gravitation, matter produces gravitational effects by actually distorting the space about it.B. In 1687, Newton used the Latin word gravitas (weight) for the force that wouldbecome known as gravity, and defined the law of universal gravitation.C. Edwin Hubble, American astronomer, was the first to offer observationalevidence to support the theory of the expanding universe.D. In 1971 Hawking, British theoretical physicist,provided mathematical supportfor the big-bang theory of the origin of the universe.11. The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way. It is shaped approximatelylike__________.A. a round ballB. a doughnutC. a pretzelD. a flat spiral12. Unlike most other fish, sharks have no __________.A. bonesB. teethC. gillsD. liver13. Alexander Graham Bell is best known for inventing the telephone, but he was aman of many interests. Another product for which he received patents was__________.A. a cement-burning kilnB. a hydrofoil boatC. a “magic lantern” projectorD. a vacuum cleaner14. It is now believed that dinosaurs became extinct because of __________.A. viral diseasesB. hunting by early humansC. a worldwide period of climatic coolingD. a meteorite impact15. Kinetic energy is __________.A. life energy, possessed only by living organismsB. only important at subatomic distancesC. energy of movementD. a rare form of energy sometimes observed in deep space1-5 CAADB 6-10 DDBAA 11-15 DABDC11 D The Milky Way has four spiral arms radiating out from a central cluster of starsor "nucleus". Our solar system is located on one of the spiral arms, quite far from the center.12. A A shark’s skeleton is made of cartilage, a material somewhat softer and m oreflexible than bone.13. B In later life, while living in Canada, Bell worked with Casey Baldwin todevelop a practical hydrofoil watercraft. In 1919, his HD-4 craft set a world marine speed record of over 70 miles (110 km) per hour that stood for ten years.14. D A large meteorite is thought to have collided with the earth at the end of theCretaceous period, some 65 million years ago. It probably struck near Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. The extinctions were caused by climate changes resulting from the collision.15. C Anything that moves has kinetic energy. In a collision between objects, kineticenergy is transferred from one object to the other.V. Proofread the following passage.As scientific advances bring cloning out of the realm ofscience fiction and into the domain of medical reality, concernis growing ^ what the possible implications will be. Many fear that 1. aboutit could have disastrous consequences. Will experiments gone awryresult to deformed human beings? Will people replicate themselves 2. infor egomaniacal reasons? Will the concept of human identitydrastically change? “Life is a creation, not a commodity,” PresidentBush argued last month in a speech before Congress, and as for such, 3. forhe emphasized, it should not be manufactured through cloningas though it was some kind of specialty goods. 4. were But many also argue that an important distinction needs to berecognized between “reproductive cloning,” in which the goal isthe creation of a full-fledged human being, and “therapeutic cloning,”in which the goal is the creation of a several-day-old embryo ^ which 5. from undifferentiated stem cells can be harvested and potentially used tocure a variety of devastated diseases. Those who believe that human 6. devastating life begins with the very existence of an embryo cannot countenancea procedure that involves an embryo's creation and destruction, evenon a very early stage. But those who believe that human life does not 7. at begin at least when an embryo's cells have begun to differentiate 8. until themselves into distinctly human tissue feel that prohibiting such 9. tissues research—which could save the lives of many people for cancer, 10. with diabetes, heart disease, and other illnesses—would in itself bereprehensible and disrespectful of human life.You Are What You SayI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1.faux-pas2.is built into3.endearment4.leeway5.corroboration6.paraphrasable7.idiosyncrasy/idiosyncrasies8.consummate9.girl Friday10.frivolity11.apt to12.pejoratively13.show up14.assertive15.undermineII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1.inadequacy2.engagement3.assert4.confirmation5.subliminal6.address7.immature8.pursuit, pursuit/pursuance9.originality, original10.fussyIII. Paraphrase.1. As I know, there is no evidence which can prove that women can distinguish more colors than men do.I can’t prove that women can see more col ors than men do.2. By using a tag question, a speaker is able to avoid being certain so that he can prevent himself from arguing or quarreling or disagreeing with the listener.3. As far as I know, the typical sentence-intonation pattern which is used almost only by women turns a positive answer into a question.4. An order/ A command that has been made clear by the speaker means a threatening consequence if it is not followed/obeyed. And it also means that the speaker is in a higher position and thuscan impose the order on the listener, which is more impolite.5. Using requests to express wishes, on the other hand, a speaker means that only he / the speaker will take the consequences if the listener doesn’t grant / carry out the request.By expressing wishes through making requests (as the speaker requests the listener to do him a favor, the speaker means that he himself will take the consequences if the listener doesn’t do him the favor.IV. Test your general knowledge.1. B.2. A3. A4. C5. D6. C. 7A 8.B. 9. B 10. C 11. D. 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. AV. Proofread the following passage.1. avoid→to avoid2. points→points out3. his→her4. a→the5. at→as6. with→without7. much→much more8. are→is9. were→are10. are→isThe World of DoublespeakI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. circumvent2. ambushed3. revenue4. inflate5. dividend6. shorthand7. theft8. laid off9. at variance with10. subject-matter11. preemptive12. cover up13. cynicism14. fall on15. subject toII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in theblanks.1.insight2.distaste3.grieve4.deprivation5.enhance6.co-operative7.legitimate8.hostility9.assembling10.profundityIII. Paraphrase.1.Doublespeak is language that protects the speaker from taking responsibility (being sure ofwhat he is saying) and it is language that is different from its real or intended / supposed meaning (from what it really refers to).2.But a euphemism can also be a skillful / clever word or phrase. Using this word or phrase, thespeaker can avoid directly talking about something serious or unpleasant. Or the speaker uses this word or phrase because he/she is considerate of what someone else feels (because he/she doesn’t want to hurt someone else’s feelings) or because he/she doesn’t want to directly talking about something that is forbidden by a social / cultural custom (something that is not supposed to be mentioned directly in some societies or cultures).3.For example, when talking about property that is stolen, destroyed in an accident, or takenover for public use, lawyers refer to it as property that is transferred against the owner’s will.4.It is a difficult problem to find the specific, right time to stop the rapid increase in riskpremiums caused by falling incomes and at the same time not to end too early / in advance the fall / drop / decrease in the risk premiums caused by inflation.5.If we really think that we understand doublespeak and that doublespeak expresses andpromotes clear thought, then we will fall victim to a world described in George Orwell’s 1984, in which language controls everything (in which the totalitarian political regime controls everything through language).IV. Test your general knowledge.1. D2. A3. C4. B5. B6. A7. D8. C9. B10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. BV. Proofread the following passage.1. bring→brings2. has large→has a large3. grip→gripping4. by→through5. through→by6. all→every7. lying→lies8. call→calls9. instead→instead of10. with→with aPair WordsThe World of DoublespeakPlain Terms DoublespeakThe Cost of Starting Families FirstI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. make ends meet2. perk3. cut back on4. unencumbered5. conundrum6. sabbatical7. intangible8. time off9. way 10. skimp on11. put … on hold12. stuck on 13. thrived 14. fledgling 15. ended upII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1. accomplish2. matures3. inseparable4. expenses5. pregnant6. elevator7. ease8. scarcity9. administration 10 maintenanceIII. Paraphrase.1.Besides the happy / pleasant pictures of babies learning to walk and ride bikes and of collegegraduation ceremonies on which parents feel happy and moved into tears, being parents means having to keep making sacrifices, spending money raising children and thinking over the losses and gains of doing like that.Parents may have great times seeing their babies learning to walk and ride bikes, and they may feel happy to see their children finish college and be moved into tears, but being parents also means. . . .It may be a great moment or pleasure for parents to see their babies learning to walk and ride bikes and to see in excitement and tears their grown-up children graduated from college, but being parents also means. . . .2.There is no doubt that you will have to spend a lot of money and the most part of your life andenergy raising children, and at least many women will have to give up their careers to have children first.3.She will not have had enough time to develop her career, so she will have to start her familyand raise a child while she begins to develop her career or she will have to give up her beginning career first in order to raise a child and return years later to start from the very beginning work / position after her school friends who do not have children have had better work / positions. (clock指上班考勤、打卡上班，clock few years意思是上班打卡打不了几年，即没有多少时间搞事业；nurture a new life指养育新生命，即成家养孩子；nurture a fledgling career指发展刚刚起步的事业；entry-level work指刚起步时的初级工作或初级职位)4.Many parents who are in their 20’s can take the responsibility of raising children easily or canadapt themselves to parenthood easily (It can be easy for many parents to take the responsibility of raising children / to adapt themselves to parenthood), but others feel that they are not old / mature enough to raise children, and the sudden responsibility of raising children can put their marriages in danger / crisis (can cause their marriages to break up or can cause them to end up in divorce).5.The husband has to overwork himself to cover all the expenses of the family, so that he willnot have enough time to spend with his children and wife and he will be estranged from hiswife (he will not be as intimate with his wife as before; his relationship with his wife will not be as intimate as before).IV. Test your general knowledge.1. B2. A3. A4. C.5. C6. D7. C8. A9. B 10. A11. D 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. DV. Proofread the following passage.The majority of tribal and peasant societies in the past have had an “elementary” marriage system in Levi-Straussian term. That is to say,marriage was not based on individual but ^ group choice and was 1. on determined by birth status, in other words kinship position. Marriagehas characteristically occurred at a very early age for women andmaximum fertility is aimed for. This very highly fertility was balancedby heavy mortality, either perennial or in periodic crises, often 2. perennially triggered by war. Thus the checks were mainly of a positive kind,acting through the biology of disease or starvation. In thisdemographic world, man was on the mercy of the environment. 3. at There were periods of disturbance of the balance with rapid populationgrowth for short periods before the positive checks operate again. 4. operated When the situation now in Europe is compared with that in the greathistoric civilizations of India, China, Egypt or much of Europe upto the end of the eighteenth century, ^ is clear that a revolution has 5. it occurred. The demographic pattern is entirely different and so is themating pattern. How and why this transformation occurred has important implications for the origins in industrialization and the current 6. of demographic patterns in the Third World. The study of mating patternsin the past has been transformed over the last twenty or so years by the applications of new method and the discovery of new materials. 7. methods Historical materials concerning marriages, births and deaths areextremely difficult to use and for a long time it seemed unlikely thatmuch could be learnt in the detail concerning such intimate matters before 8. the the nineteenth century. The work of historical demographers, particularlyin France and England, has changed the situation. Applying the methodof“family reconstitution”, that is the linking of baptisms, marriages andburials, to the registers, and combining these with listings of inhabitantsand other documents, have provided a new picture of the emergence of 9. has that unique west European marriage pattern, to which Hajnal drewattention some twenty years ago. This study concentrate on the English 10. concentrates phenomenon, for it was in England that it was shown in its mostextreme and most precocious form.。

第一课Paraphrase: 1. We are now 23 feet above the sea level. 2. The house was built in 1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can make careful preparations and come through it. 4. Water got into the generator. It stopped working. So the lights were put out. 5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems had been watered and stopped working. 7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Oh God, please help us overcome this storm. 9. She sang a few words alone and then she stopped. 10. Later on, Janis .showed a sign of suffering Translation (C-E) 1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant plant in in in their their their neighborhood neighborhood neighborhood because because because they they they were were were deeply deeply deeply concerned concerned concerned about about about the the the plant’s plant’s emissions polluting the air. 3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan. 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish. 6. 6. To To To make make make space space space for for for modern modern modern high high high rises, rises, rises, many many many ancient ancient ancient buildings buildings buildings with with with ethnic ethnic cultural features had to be demolished. 7. 7. In In In the the the earthquake earthquake earthquake the the the main main main structures structures structures of of of most most most of of of the the the poor-quality poor-quality poor-quality houses houses disintegrated. 8. His wonderful dream vanished into the air despite his hard efforts to achieve his goals. 1、但是，和住在沿海的其他成千上万的居民一样，约翰不愿舍弃家园，除非他的家人---妻子珍妮丝和他们的七个孩子，大的11岁，小的才3岁---明显处于危险之中。

高级英语考试重点复习资料高级英语复习资料一, 单词preoccupation ( n.) :a matter which takes up an one's attention令人全神贯注的事物oblivious ( adj.) :forgetful or unmindful(usually with of or to)忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用)gigantic ( adj.) :very big；huge；colossal；immense巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的heave (v．) :utter(a sign，groan，etc．)with great effort or pain(费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等)arresting (adj.) :attracting attention；interesting；striking引人注目的；有趣的slay ( v.) :(slew或slayed, slain，slaying)kill or destroy in a violent way杀害；毁掉linger ( v．) :continue to live or exist although very close to death or the end苟延；历久犹存agony ( n.) :very great mental or physical pain(精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦demolish ( v．) :pull down，tear down，or smash to pieces 拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏humiliate ( v．) :hurt the pride or dignity of by causing to be or seem foolish or contemptible使受辱，使丢脸totter ( v.) :be unsteady on one's feet；stagger蹒跚而行lame (adj. ) :crippled；disabled；esp. having an injured leg or foot that makes one limp瘸的；残废的shuffle ( n.) :a slow dragging walk拖着脚走flicker ( v．) :move with a quick，light，wavering motion摇曳，摇动；晃动recompose ( v. ) : restore to composure使恢复镇静hug ( v．) :hold(someone)tightly in the arms搂抱；紧抱peek ( v．) :glance or look quickly and furtively，esp. through an opening or from behind something(尤指从缝隙或隐蔽处)偷看；窥视stoop ( v．) :bend(the head and shoulders)forwards and down屈身；弯腰scrap ( n.) :a small piece；bit；fragment；shred小片；碎片slam ( v．) :shut or allow to shut with force and noise使劲关(门等)；砰地(把门等)关上scrape ( v．) :(cause to)rub roughly(使)磨擦indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的devoid ( adj.) :completely without；empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of)ferocious ( adj.) :fierce；savage；violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see，hear etc．；very ugly or revolting；dreadful骇人听闻的；非常丑陋的；可怕的swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移动的)大群，大堆vestige ( n.) :a trace，mark，or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared残迹；遗迹；痕迹catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity，disaster，or misfortune骤然而来的大灾难；灾祸；祸患prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc．；preliminary part；preface；opening序言；序幕orator ( n.) :a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家erupt ( v．) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U．S．Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)indict ( v．) :accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉attorney ( n.) :．any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人denounce ( v．) :condemn strongly as evil谴责，指责，痛斥adjourn ( v. ) :close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，闭会；延期repel ( v．) :drive or force back；hold or ward off击退；抵挡住fervent ( adj.) :having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的二，翻译I. 同义句。

Word-formation ExercisesFill in the blanks of the following sentences with the right form of the words given in the brackets.1. A sensible_ (sense) girl seldom acts irrationally.2.The decision could be ruinous (ruin). We must do all we can to change it.3.The candidate spoke in a bombing (bomb) way of all that he would do if elected.4.His security assured (assure), he promised to carry out the dangerous task.5.The _doting_ (dote) mother bought whatever the kid wanted.6.Nancy Lee was the first woman publisher and founder of one of the city’s leading(lead) newspapers in that country.7.His uncomprising (cornprise) look told us that there could be no reconciliationbetween him and his opponent.8.She bears resemblance (resemble) to her mother.9.The training includes leadership; cooperative skills and communication(communicate) abilities.10.The oppressive (oppress) weather made me depressed.11.The war caused devastating (devastate) effects.12.Her boss is such a perfectionist (perfect) who constantly sets higher standards forhis employees.itary success outside the country has brought about business renewal (renew)at home.14.He gave me an assurance (assure) that the document would be ready by Friday.15.What is the prevailing (prevail) reaction of the people to the raised taxes?16.In anticipation (anticipate) of bad weather they took plenty of warm clothes.17.The decision could be irremediable(remedy), so we must do all we can to changeit.18.What a _loathsome_ (loath) creature he is!19.She moved away with the same _relaxed__ (relax) and quiet step to the stairs.20.__Failure__ (fail) in one examination should not stop you trying again.21.As I looked at the vivid animal paper cuts, I could not help marveling at theingenuity (ingenious) of the woman paper cutter.22.Don’t buy his story as he’s never a _reliable__ (rely) source of information.23.The successful implement of the plan brought them great _gratification_ (gratify).24.There came the unmistakable (mistake) voice of Rebecca who I had known forover ten years.25.The boss shook his head to show _disapproval__ (approve) though he didn’t uttera word.26.The old lady lives in great solitude as her son only visits her __occasionally_(occasion) during a year.27.She rationalizes (rational) her decision to abandon her baby by saying she couldnot afford to keep it.28.I’ve had a similar unhappy experience myself, so I can well _sympathize_(sympathy) with you.29.The wife has got tired of the life with such an utter drunkard (drink)for long.30.He’s been acting rather suspiciously (suspect) these days, which made, hisgirlfriend alarmed.PARAPHRASING1.She felt that the anticipation and preparation for a journey was onlyexceeded by its actual beginning.The process of preparing a journey is so exciting that it can only be exceeded by the real start.2. The knowledge that they all shared the same sense of immediacyseemed to bring them close together.As soon as they found out that they had the same anticipation, they felt close.3. Mrs.Taylor was glad she had been able to get well up in the queue at the gates.Mrs.T aylor was pleased that she was able to be in a good place of the queue.4. And even Roy began to be caught up in the general feeling of optimism that prevailed in the studio.Even Roy was influenced by the optimism that dominated the studio.5. Vistors are usually impressed by the near-fanatical neatness of the place,as well they should be.More often than not, bisitors have a deep impression of the neatness of the Disneyland as they are suppose to be.6. In doing it he drew on all kinds of resources that no other city planner had ever before considered seriously,if at all.He made the best use of all the materials that other city planner, if they tried, never thought of seriously before.7. Human nature is so well disposed towards those who are in interesting situations.Human beings tend to be interested in those people who are experiencing something special.8. The next paragraph reveals how the gossip about Miss Hawkins anticipates her arrival.The next paragraph shows that how the gossip preludes her arrival.9. He was very proud of his own achievement and frequently held up his own example to others.He thinks highly of his accomplishments and after sets his example to others.10. The trees were ragged mounds of glistening brow.The trees were glistening and edged with amounts of heaped locusts.11.Y ou should attack the locusts at the source Hoppers in short.Y ou should nip in the bud. To put it briefly, short, they are hoppers.12. The family peace was not broken by the scratching of a pen.The peaceful family life was not disturbed or interrupted byuse of a pen.13. It was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviewsThe Angle in the House would always appear as a nuisance wheneverI trued to put pen to paper.14.Those aims cannot be taken for granted;they must be perpetually questioned and examined.Those goals should not be treated as unimportant; they should be put under a constant observation and scrutiny.Synonyms(同义)Gloomy(阴暗的, 忧郁的)- bleak, joylessStuffy (窒息的)- suffocatingSkimpy(吝啬的) - scantyInconsequential(不合理的)- insignificantSolace(安慰)- relaxationImposing(壮观的) - forcefulImpeccable(无懈可击的) - perfect,Shabby(邋遢的)- untidy, raggedAccuse(指控)- chargeDeride(嘲笑)- ridiculeCapitulate(投降)- surrenderSententious(简洁的)- tacitIncongruous(不合适的)- inconsistentMuddled(混乱的)- mingledAmiable(和蔼可亲的)- friendlyAdequately(适当地)- sufficientlyDespise(鄙视)- look down upon, deride Haggard(憔悴的)-tired, wearyDevastated(身心交瘁的)- destroyedBare(空的)- barrenExasperating(使人恼怒的)- irritating, annoying Swarm(大量)- throngShudder(发抖)- throb, chillEliminate(排除)- erase, castPerpetual(永久的)- abiding, interminable Acute(尖锐的;敏锐的)- sharp, fierce Prejudice(偏见,歧视)- brasLethargy(不活泼;无生气)- disinterest Torment(痛苦;苦恼)-agonizeAntonyms（反义）Reverence（敬爱,崇敬;敬畏）-unitedBoard（上(船、车、飞机等) - get offClasp（紧抱;紧握）- unclaspReverence（敬爱,崇敬;敬畏）- derision Vintage（古色古香的;古老的）- fashionable Dubious（未定的;无把握的）- certainBlasé（玩厌了的）- interestedSophisticated（富有经验的;精通的）- innocentPainstaking(勤勉的,刻苦的,不辞辛劳的)- carelessV eto（反对）- agreeAmiable（和蔼可亲的;厚道的）- disagreeableAdequately(适当地)- inadequatelyVulgarity(粗俗;粗野的动作)- finenessAmbiguity(模棱两可的话)- clearnessClumsiness(笨拙)- tidinessDespise(鄙视;看不起)- admireLoathsome(令人讨厌的,令人憎恶的)- disgustingSleek(光滑的,柔滑的)- dullDisgust(厌恶,憎恶)- respectFictitious(虚构的;非真实的)- factualCivil(文明的)- rudeSeverity(严格;严厉;严肃)- friendlinessObey(服从;听从;执行;遵守)- disobey中译英1.将军实际上被软禁在家，他以国画书法为寄托，在水墨中找到了平静和安慰。

Thud砰的一声；重击pound , develConducive有益的；有助于…的beneficial , helpful , useful , advantageous , profitableListless倦怠的；无精打采的；百无聊赖的languid , downheartedArray数组，阵列；排列，列阵；大批，一系列；衣服series of , clothes , thread , garment , ranging dress oneself , rank , formDodge躲避，避开subterfuge escape , stay away from avoid , shunDisparate不同的；不相干的；全异的different , diverse , unlike , varying , anotherObsession痴迷；困扰；[内科][心理] 强迫观念besetment , obsessive ideaZany myopia滑稽的是Scant and skimpy缺乏和不足Scoutmasterish搜索，侦察；侦察员；侦察机searching , scanningRegimen养生法；生活规则；政体；支配government , disposal , rulingHounded狩猎；追捕huntedCult祭仪（尤其指宗教上的）；礼拜；狂热信徒church , exercise , worshipCharismatic超凡魅力的；神赐能力的Resurgence复活；再现；再起resurgeUnreconciled to不甘Hunch耸肩；预感到；弯腰驼背bulk , anticipation shrug bunch , move forwardStratosphere同温层；最上层；最高阶段isothermal layerSquander浪费lose , spend , waste on , trifle away , fiddle away waste on , trifle away waste , dissipation , extravagancyRecycle使再循环；使…重新利用regeneration , breeding , rebirthGaunt憔悴的；荒凉的；枯瘦的wild , desertGodly神圣的；对神敬虔的sacred , divine , blessedIniquity邪恶；不公正evil , wrong , wickednessEternal永恒的；不朽的permanent , lasting , everlasting , undying , timelessHawk兜售，沿街叫卖；捕捉；咳出清嗓；咳嗽；像鹰一般地袭击鹰；鹰派成员；掠夺他人的人tout , cough up have a cough eagleImpend迫近；即将发生close inCounsel法律顾问；忠告；商议；讨论；决策advice , discussion agree to sb , make suggestions Flapper苍蝇拍；轻佻女子；刚学飞的小禽flyswatter , swatterPious虔诚的；敬神的；可嘉的；尽责的religious , goodPiety虔诚；孝敬；虔诚的行为或语言godliness , religiosityRustic乡村的；纯朴的；粗野的；手工粗糙的robust , gross , rough , country , bush peasant , provincial , countrymanBallyhoo大肆宣传；大吹大擂hype , blurb crow one's head offSlur at拖着脚走在Throng人群；众多群集；挤满crowd , mass burst at the seams , be packed with host , pack crowded , jammedAgnostic不可知论者nescient know nothing , skepticalFrazzled疲惫的；穿破了的exhausted , worn to a frazzleIgnoramus不学无术的人；无知的人idiotesAtheist无神论者antitheist , zendicOrdeal折磨；严酷的考验；痛苦的经验illusage , tortureTestimony [法] 证词，证言；证据proof , witnessTechnicality学术性；专门性；术语，专门语expertness , jargonWithout reserve无保留地without reservationV oid of interest 缺乏乐趣Dimple酒窝；涟漪；浅凹wimple Sparkling Raindrops , lipper wimpleMajestic庄严的；宏伟的grand , magnificent , solemn , sacred , nobleConspicuous显著的；显而易见的obvious , prominent , marked , noted , outstandingOpal猫眼石，蛋白石；乳白玻璃cat's-eyeRuddy flush红而润泽Radiate辐射；传播；流露；发射；广播release , send , broadcast , beam , project shine on , light emission spokewiseRuffled trail折边小道Bewitched家有仙妻possessed , spellboundRapture兴高采烈elation , gaietyWrought锻造的；加工的；精细的detailed , subtle laboredSlick光滑的；华而不实的；聪明的；熟练的；老套的intelligent , experienced , smooth , skilled , wise smoother , soother flexibly , agilely sleekStreak飞跑，疾驶；加上条纹tendency , liability , trend , preference , disposition drive tear away Etymologically语源上Registered注册的；记名的；登记过的inscribedBy virtue of由于，凭借from , through , in virtue ofFortuitous偶然的，意外的；幸运的sudden , unexpected , occasionalContingent因情况而异的；不一定的；偶然发生的occurrent , chancy happenchance , detachment Inscrutable神秘的；不可理解的；不能预测的；不可思议的mysterious , magicWield使用；行使；挥舞make use of , fashion , employ , exerciseElusive难懂的；易忘的；逃避的；难捉摸的complicated , abstruseThrust插入；用向某人刺去；猛然或用力推pushing force , spine build in , plug in intervene , build in Through thick and thin不畏艰险；在任何情况下through fair and foulStoic坚忍的，苦修的；斯多葛派的；禁欲主义的impassiveIncarnation化身；道成肉身；典型picture , model , representative , pink , embodimentTruculent好斗的；野蛮的；言词刻毒的wild , aggressiveOverbear压服；克服surmount , rise abovePronto很快地quickly , rapidly , swiftlySelf-transcendence自我超越Expedite加快；促进；发出畅通的；迅速的；方便的facilitate , promote , boost , further convenient , rapid , fast , forward , readyDisclosure [审计] 披露；揭发；被揭发出来的事情lay bare , showupOvertly明显地；公开地，公然地obviously , clearly , broadly , publicly , in publicSystemic系统的；全身的；体系的scientific , full-lengthInherent固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的internal , native , intrinsic , immanentEgalitarianism平等主义，[经] 平均主义equalitarianismNon-rationality 非理性Ambivalence [心理] 矛盾情绪；正反感情并存Virulent剧毒的；恶性的；有恶意的malignant , perniciousScreening process筛选工序；过虑程式Normative规范的，标准的standard , prescriptiveSchizophrenia [内科] 精神分裂症Panacea帕那刻亚（古希腊医药女神catholicon , elixirPalliative缓和的；掩饰的；可斟酌的explanation , exculpation relaxative , aneticBenign良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的nice , friendly , sweet , kindStrain张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘tension , burden , weight tauten , take pains abuse , tighten up Impulse冲动；[电子] 脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力stimulus , pulse , incentive , excitement , needle drive , force , impelReflex反射；反映；映像；回复；习惯性思维feedback , mapping catoptric , repercussivePsyche赛克soul , kaPropensity倾向，习性；癖好，偏爱tendency , liability , behaviour , trend , habitRepression抑制，[心理] 压抑；镇压checking , control , restraint , suppression , inhibitionConfront面对；遭遇；比较front , compareCompulsion强制；强迫；强制力enforcement , constraint , coercionMalignant恶性的；有害的；有恶意的harmful , evilBoisterous喧闹的；狂暴的；猛烈的fierce , angry , violent , hardUnremitting不懈的；不间断的；坚忍的ongoing , uninterruptedDespotism专制，独裁；专制政治autarchy , dictatureLineaments轮廓outlines , contoursUndepraved堕落的；腐化的；卑鄙的（反义词）Retribution报应；惩罚；报答；报偿punishment , rod , payment , discipline , rewardObliviousness健忘；不注意absence , poor memoryInsurrection暴动；叛乱rebellion , sedition第一单元Happiness 翻译No other country in the world has worked the notion of happiness into its Constitution the every source of its national authority, the way the founding fathers of the United States of America chose to do when they linked the pursuit of happiness with life and with liberty as a trio of utterly inalienable rights.世界上没有其他国家像美国这样将幸福的概念编入国家立法之本的宪法中。

Part I单词考查范围Lesson 9The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas1.rigging (n.) : tackle, esp. the chains, ropes, etc., used for supporting and working in the masts, sails, yards,etc．, of a vessel索具decorous (adj.) : characterized by or showing decorum, propriety, good taste, etc．有礼貌的, 正派的; 有教养的, 高雅的mauve (n.) : any of several shades or delicate purple淡紫色tambourine (n.) : a shallow, single-headed hand drum having jingling metal disks in the rim(鼓框周围装有金属片的)铃鼓; 小手鼓dodge (v.) : move or twist quickly aside; shift suddenly, as to avoid a blow闪开, 躲闪,躲避lithe (adj.) : bending easily; flexible; supple; limber; lissome柔软的; 易弯曲的gear (n.) : a harness马具, 挽具halter (n.) : a rope, cord, strap, etc．, usually with a headstall．for tying or leading an animal; a bitless headstall, with or without a lead rope缰绳; (马)笼头mane (n.) : the long hair growing from the top or sides of the neck of certain animals, as the horse, lion, etc．(马、狮等的)鬃毛braid (v.) : interweave three or more strands of(hair, straw, etc．)编织(毛发、草等) nostril(n.) : either of the external openings of the nose鼻孔prance (v.) :(said of a horse)rise up on the hind legs in a lively way,esp.while moving along(马)后足立地腾跃archaic (adj.) : antiquated; old-fashioned; ancient陈旧的, 过时的, 老式的; 古代的stallion (n.) : an uncastrated male horse, esp. one used as a stud未经阉割的雄马(尤指种马) barbarian (n.) : member of a people or group with a civilization regarded as primitive, savag, etc．原始人, 野蛮人, 未开化的人dulcet (adj.) : sweet-sounding; pleasant; calming悦耳的; 好看的; 使人感到舒服的utopian (n.) : a person who believes m a utopia, esp. of a social or political nature; visionary空想家; 空想社会主义者treason (n.) : betrayal of trust or faith; betrayal of one's country背信弃义; 判国行为; 通敌banal (adj.) : dull or stale as because of overuse; trite; hackneyed; commonplace陈腐的; 平庸的; 老一套的／banality n. exuberance (n.) : the state or quality of being exuberant; great abundance; luxuriance繁茂; 茂盛; 丰富, 充裕puritanical (adj.) : of the Puritans; extremely or excessively strict In matters of morals and religion清教徒的; 宗教(或道德上)极端拘谨的languor (n.) : a lack of vigor or vitality; weakness：indifference; lethargy倦怠; 衰弱无力; 漠不关心arcane (adj.) : hidden or secret深奥的; 秘密的; 神秘的magnanimous (adj.) : noble in mind; high-souled：generous in overlooking injury or insult; rising above pettiness or meanness宽宏大量的; 品德高尚的provisioner (n.) : the person who supplies with provisions, esp. with a stock of food粮食供应者amiable (adj.) : having a pleasant and friendly disposition; good-natured悦人的, 友善的; 温柔的sticky (adj. [colloq.]) : overly sentimental; maudlin：adhesive[口]感情脆弱的; 爱哭的; 粘的benign (adj.) : good-natured; kindly性善的; 仁慈的; 宽厚的pastry (n.) : flour dough or paste made with shortening and used for the crust of pies, tarts, etc．：foods made with this制作糕点用的生面团; 面制糕点rapt (adj.) : completely absorbed or engrossed(in meditation, study, etc．)(思考、学习等)全神贯注的imperious (adj.) : overbearing; arrogant; urgent; imperative傲慢的; 专横的; 紧急的; 迫切的neigh (v.) : utter the loud, characteristic cry of a horse：whinny(马)嘶; 发马嘶般的声音seep (v.) : 1eak, drip, or flow out slowly through small openings or pores; ooze渗出; 渗漏cobweb (v.) : cover with or as with the web spun by a spider使布满蛛网(或蛛网状物) defective (adj.) : having a defect or defects; imperfect; faulty有缺陷的, 有缺点的imbecile (n.) : showing feeble intellect; foolish or stupid极愚蠢的; 愚笨的; 低能的malnutrition (n.) : faulty or inadequate nutrition; poor nourishment resulting from insufficient food improper diet, etc．营养不良; 营养失调fumble (v.) : make(one's way)clumsily or by groping; handle(a thing)clumsily or unskillfully摸索着行进; 笨拙地做事genitals (n.) : the reproductive organs生殖器hunch (v.) : sit or stand with the back arched弓背弯腰地坐(或站立) rattle (v.) : make a series of sharp, short sounds m quick succession发出嘎嘎声whine (v.) : utter a peevish, high-pitched. somewhat nasal sound, as in complaint, distress, fear, etc．; cmplain or beg in a childishly undignified way, as with a whine哭诉, 哀诉; 呜咽; 发牢骚,抱怨buttocks (n.) : the rump屁股, 臀部fester (v.) : form pus; ulcerate; decay生疮, 化脓; 溃烂, 腐烂excrement (n.) : waste, matter from the bowels：feces排泄物; 粪(便) impotence (n.) : the quality or condition of being impotent, weak无力, 虚弱, 衰弱paradox (n.) :a statement that is self-contradictory in fact and, hence, false; a person, situation, act, etc．that seems to have contradictory or inconsistent qualities自相矛盾的话(或事); 充满矛盾的人(或事) uncouth (adj.) : uncultured; crude; boorish; awkward不文明的; 粗鲁的; 笨拙的vapid (adj.) :tasteless; flavorless; flat; dull; boring乏味的; 枯燥的; 无趣味的poignant (adj.) :emotionally touching or moving深深打动人心的／poignancy n snivel (v.) :cry and sniffle; have mucus running from the nose啜泣, 抽噎; 流鼻涕far off : far a way在远处rise to the occasion: show that one is equal to what needs to be done 显出具有应付特殊事故的能力, 应付自如in communion with : have a special relationship with sth．in which one feels that he understands it very well 与……有交流, 与……有联络, 有共同利害关系brood on／over(sth.) : think about(troubles, etc．)for a long time 沉思, 忧思nostalgic (adj.) : looking for something far away or long ago or for former happy circumstance怀旧的illicit (adj.) : not allowed by law, custom, rule, etc. unlawful; prohibited违法的, 违禁的, 非法的thrill (n.) : tremor of excitement(一阵)激动speakeasy (n.): [slang] a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally, esp. such a place in the U.S. during Prohibition[俚](美国禁酒期的)非法的酒店denunciation (n.) : the act of denouncing控告; 指责, 斥责amour (n.) : a love affair, esp. of an illicit or secret nature 恋情; (尤指)不正当的男女关系sedan (n.) : an enclosed automobile with two or four doors．and two wide seats．front and rear(两扇或四扇门、双排座的)轿车naughty (adj.) : improper, obscene不得体的; 猥亵的jazzy (adj.) : (a party)playing jazz music(舞会)放爵士音乐的flask-toting (adj.) :always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor身带烈性酒的sheik(n.):(Americanism)a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistably attracted[美国语](能使女子倾心的)美男子vagary (n.) : an odd, eccentric, or unexpected action or bit of conduct古怪行径; 难以预测的行为flapper (n.) : [colloq.](in the 1920's) a young woman considered bold and unconventional in actions and dress [口](在20世纪20年代被认为)举止与衣着不受传统拘束的年轻女子, 轻佻女郎perspective (n.) : a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events, esp. one that shows them in their true relations to one another正确理解或判断事物相互关系的能力jazzmad (adj.) : blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music爵士乐狂aftermath (n.) : a result or consequence, esp. an unpleasant one结果, 后果(尤指令人不愉快的后果)provincial (adj.) : narrow, limited like that of rural provinces狭窄的; 偏狭的; 地方性的gentility (n.) : the quality of being genteel; now, specifically, excessive or affected refinement and elegance有教养, 斯文, 温文尔雅; (现尤指)假装文雅, 假装斯文aggressiveness (n.) : bold and energetic pursuit of one's end, enterprise有进取心, 进取精神bustle (v.) : hurry busily or with much fuss and bother繁忙, 奔忙medium (n.) : environment环境catalytic (adj.) : acting as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result起催化作用的; 起刺激作用的precipitate (v.) : throw headlong; cause to happen before expected, needed; bring on猛抛, 猛投; 突然发生; 促使obsolescent (adj.) : in the process of becoming obsolete即将过时的; 逐渐被废弃的mores (n.) : customs, esp. the fixed or traditional customs of a society, often acquiring the force of law习俗sophistication (n.) : the state of being artificial, worldly-wise, urbane, etc.老于世故faddishness (n.) : the following of fads赶时髦, 赶时尚hectic (adj.) : characterized by excitement, rush, confusion, etc. 兴奋的; 忙乱的; 混乱的gaiety (n.) : cheerfulness; the state of being gay高兴, 快乐perversion (n.) : a perverting or being perverted; corruption走入邪路; 堕落; 败坏Prohibition (n.) : the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes; specifically in the U.S., the period (1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal law(特指美国20~30年代的)禁酒法令orgy (n.) : any wild riotous licentious merry-making; debauchery纵酒饮乐; 狂欢spree (n.) : a lively, noisy frolic狂欢, 纵乐reveler (n.) : a person who makes merry or is noisily festive狂欢者, 狂宴者sober (v.) : make or become serious, solemn变清醒; 变严肃prolong (v.) : lengthen or extend in time or space延长; 拖长; 使持久stalemate (n.) : any unresolved situation in which further action is impossible or useless; deadlock僵持; 困境insolence (n.) : being boldly disrespectful in speech-or behavior; impudence(言行)无礼, 鲁莽; 傲慢belligerent (adj.) : at war; of war处于交战状态的; 战争的adventurousness (n.) : being fond of adventure; willingness to take chances喜欢冒险; 大胆strenuous (adj.) : vigorous, arduous, zealous, etc. 奋发的; 使劲的jingoism (n.) : chauvinism characterized by an aggressive, threatening, warlike foreign policy侵略主义, 沙文主义fracas (n.) : a noisy fight or loud quarrel; brawl大声吵架; 打闹infantry (n.) : foot soldiers collectively; esp. that branch of an army consisting of soldiers trained and equipped to fight chiefly on foot步兵; (尤指)步兵部队harass (v.) : trouble, worry or torment as with cares, debts, repeated questions, etc. 使烦恼(或困忧), 折磨sergeant (n.) : noncommissioned officer of the fifth grade, ranking above a corporal and below a staff sergeant in the U.S. Army and Marine Corps; generally any of the noncommissioned officers in the U.S. armed forces with sergeant as part of the title of their rank中士; 军士draft (n.) : the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose, esp. for compulsory military service征兵：挑选carnival (n.) : a reveling or time of revelry; festivity; merrymaking狂欢, 尽情作乐contingent (n.) : a share, proportion, or quota as of troops, ships, laborers, delegates, etc. 小分队, 分遣部队bombast (n.) : talk or writing that sounds grand or important but has little meaning; pompous language词藻华丽而空洞无物的淡话(或文章); 夸大的语言recession (n.) : a temporary falling of business activity during a period when such activity has been generally increasing商业暂时衰退现象; 萧条whip up : rouse, excite激起outmoded (adj.) : no longer in fashion or acceptedobsolete 旧式的; 过时的; 废弃了的sodden (adj.) : dull or stupefied, as from overindulgence in liquor(因沉迷于酒而变得)迟钝的, 麻木的dubious (adj.) : rousing suspicion; feeling doubt; skeptical引起怀疑的; 感到怀疑的; flout (n.) : be scornful; show contempt; jeer; scoff轻蔑, 藐视; 嘲弄; 侮辱conflagration (n.) : a big, destructive fire(毁灭性的)大火．大火灾fast (adj.) : living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way放荡的, 放纵的pulpit (n.) : preachers collectively教士们vulgar (adj.) : common to the great mass of people in general, common;popular普通的, 一般的; 流行的avid (adj.) : having an intense desire or craving; greedy渴望的, 热望的; 贪婪的susceptible (adj.) : easily affected emotionally; having a sensitive nature of feelings易被感动的; 易受影响的; 敏感的diatribe (n.) : a bitter, abusive criticism or denunciation 谩骂; 讽刺; 诽谤grandiose (adj.) :having grandeur or magnificence; imposing; impressive雄伟的;壮观的;庄严的;给人深刻印象的rally (v.) :come back to normal strength; revive恢复; 复元burden (n.) : central idea; theme主题; 重点, 要点adjunct (n.) :a thing added to something else; a person connected with another as a helper or subordinate associate附属物, 附加物; 帮手, 助手incompetent (n.) : a person who is completely incapable无能力者, 不能胜任者expatriate (v.) : withdraw (oneself) from one's nativeland or from allegiance to it(使自己)移居国外, 放弃原国籍denominator (n.) :a shared characteristic共同特性, 共性iconoclastic (adj.) :opposing to the religious use of images or advocating the destruction of such images反对崇拜偶像的sterile (adj.) : barren; unfruitful贫瘠的, 不长庄稼的; 无成效的flay (v.) :criticize or scold mercilessly严厉斥责; 怒骂drugstore cowboy : 杂货店牛仔see sth.in perspective : view or judge things in a way that show their true relations to one another以联系的观点正确地看待或判断事物precipitate sb.／sth:into sth : thrust violently into(a condition)使突然陷入某种状态sober up : to free from drunkenness; become not drunk变清醒whip up : rouse; excite煽动, 激起例：whip up the mob煽动暴民／whip up enthusiasm激起热情keep up with the Joneses : compete with one's neighbors, etc．(in the purchase of articles, e.g. clothes, a car, indicating social status)和琼斯一家人比(在购买物品如衣物、汽车等方面与邻人等相比以示社会地位), 与他人攀比common denominator: a commonly shared theme or trait共同点, 共同特色write off : drop from consideration看不起, 认为无价值Lesson 11 The Future of the Englishcosmopolitan (adj.) : common to or representative of all or many parts of the world; not national or local世界性的;不限于国家或地区范围的rally (n.) : a gathering of people for a common purpose; mass meeting(群众性)集会scuffle (n.) : a rough, confused fight; close, haphazard struggle扭打;混战fanatical (adj.) : unreasonably enthusiastic; overly zealous狂热的,过分热衷的snarl (v.) : speak harshly and sharply, as in anger, impatience,etc．怒吼,咆哮shop steward : a person chosen by his fellow trade unionists in an industrial establishment to speak for them to the management and to watch over their interest(资本主义国家中工人选的)工人代表accelerate (v.) : cause to develop or progress more quickly加快,促进alien (adj.) : opposed or repugnant相反的;不相容的;格格不入的cosy (adj.) : smallish but comfortable and relaxing舒适的,安逸的razor-keen (adj.) : as sharp as a razor;[fig.]very smart and shrewd犀如剃刀的;[喻]伶俐能干的impoverish (v.) : make poor; reduce to poverty使贫困,使处于贫困subsidy (n.) : a grant of money from the government or society,etc．补助金;津贴poster (n.) : a relatively large printed card or sheet of paper,often illustrated, posted to advertise or publicize something海报;张贴的大幅广告advocate (n.): a person who speaks or writes in support of something提倡者;拥护者overdraft (n.) : a withdrawal of money from a bank in excess of the amount credited to the drawer透支caper (n.) : a wild, foolish action or prank嬉戏,玩笑,把戏advert (n.) : advertisement的缩略bicker (n.) : have a petty quarrel; squabble(为琐事)争吵,口角recoil (v.) : draw back,stagger back; retreat撤退,后退,退回anomalous (adj.) : deviating from the regular arrangement, general rule, or usual method; abnormal反常的,异常的;破格的,破例的syndicalism (n.) : theory and movement of trade unionism in which all means of production and distribution would be brought under the control of federations of labor unions by the use of direct action, such as general strikes工团主义;工联主义hippopotamus (n.) : one of several large, plant-eating mammals, with a heavy, thick-skinned, almost hairless body and short legs, which lives chiefly in or near rivers in Africa河马fraud (n.) : deceit; trickery; cheating; a person who deceives欺骗,欺诈;骗子crusty (adj.) : rudely abrupt or surly in speech and manner; bad-tempered(言行)粗鲁的,粗暴的;脾气坏的articulate (adj.) : expressing oneself easily and clearly表达力强的counterculture (n.) : the culture of many young people of the 1960's and 1970's manifested by a life style that is opposed to the prevailing culture反主流文化swagger (v.) : boast, brag, or show off in a loud, superior manner自夸,吹牛integrity (n.) : uprightness, honesty, and sincerity正直,诚实,真诚sloppy (adj.) : careless; slovenly or messy粗心的;不整洁的inept (adj.) : incompetent; unfit; out of place不称职的; 不相宜的; 不恰当的shiftless (adj.) : incapable, inefficient, lazy无能的;无效率的;懒惰的slovenly (adj.) : careless in appearance, habits, work, etc．不整洁的;疏忽的;马虎的messy (adj.) : untidy, disorderly, dirty,etc．凌乱的; 混乱的;脏的slop around : loaf around闲荡,闲逛skimp (v.) : do poorly or carelessly马虎从事;草率从事scrounge (n.) : take without permission; pilfer; beg擅取;偷窃;乞讨booze (v.) : drink too much alcoholic liquor狂饮,痛饮vandalism (n.) : the actions or attitudes of the Vandals or of a vandal; malicious or ignorant destruction of public or private property, esp. of that which is beautiful or artistic 汪达尔人的行为或作风;破坏文化艺术品的行为pilfer (v.) : steal(esp. small sums or petty objects); filch偷窃;尤指小偷小摸damnation (n.) : a damning or being damned诅咒;谴责apathy (n.) : 1ack of emotion; indifference无情,感情淡漠;冷漠,漠不关心squabble (v.) : quarrel noisily over a small matter: wrangle(为琐事)争吵.口角repertory: a theatre in which a permanent acting company prepares several productions for a season and keeps alternating them in limited runs由固定剧团定期换演剧目的剧场;拥有大量常备剧目的戏院farce (n.) : an exaggerated comedy based on broadly humorous, highly unlikely situations 笑剧,闹剧,滑稽戏demagogue (n.) : a person who tries to stir up the people by appeals to emotion, prejudice, etc., in order to win them over quickly and so gain power煽动者,鼓动者frivolous (adj.) : not properly serious or sensible: silly and light-minded; giddy轻薄的;轻浮的;肤浅的myopic (adj.) : short-sighted近视的;缺乏远见的sulks (n.) : a sulky mood or state愠怒的样子(或状态) bowler (n.) : a man's round hard hat, usually black圆顶硬呢帽(常为黑色) draw on : take or use as a source利用,凭,靠shop steward : a union member elected to represent coworkers in dealings with management工会管事,工人代表safe to say: Br) If it is safe to say something, it may be said without exaggeration or falsehood.可以肯定地说,可以保险地说out of scale: out of proportion不成比例, 不相称keep clear of sth.: avoid or refrain from sth. 避开,离着state of mind: a particular mental or emotional condition such as being in a state of bliss, in a state of depression, in a state of despair,etc.心境,思想(精神)状态shrug off: (英)dismiss something as not deserving one's attention耸肩对……表示不理,不屑一顾,一笑置之sweat one's guts out: work very hard拼命干pay packet: an envelope containing your wages: the amount of money someone earns(附工资及工资单的)工资袋,工资,薪水fall between two stools: be neither one type of thing nor another or be unable to choose between two ways of doing something两头落空,两边都不讨好,由于犹豫而误事chop logic: argue in a hairsplitting(吹毛求疵的)way强词夺理repertory company: a company that presents and performs a number of different plays or other works during a season,usually in animation. 定期换演剧目的剧团Lesson 12 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an Americancontroversial (adj.) : stirring up controversy; debatable引起争论的motley (adj.): of many colors or patches of color; having or composed of many different or clashing elements: heterogeneous杂色的; 斑杂的; 混杂的, 杂乱的identity (n.) : the condition or fact of being a specific person or thing; individuality个性; 个人的特征prop (n.) : a rigid support, as a beam, stake, or pole, placed under or against a structure or part支柱; 支持物; 撑材alabaster (n.) : a translucent, whitish, fine-grained variety of gypsum, used for statues, vases, etc. 雪花石膏cadence (n.) : inflection or modulation in tone; any rhythmic flow of sound声音的抑扬顿挫; 声调; 节奏pickaninny (n.) : a negro child黑人小孩cripple (v.) : frustrate, hinder; make unable or unfit to act, function effectively, etc. 使损伤; 使丧失活动能力; 使失去战斗力; 削弱breakthrough (n.) : a strikingly important advance or discovery in any field of knowledge or activity突破; 重大发现; 惊人进展skirmish (n.) : a brief fight or encounter between small groups, usually an incident of a battle: any slight, unimportant conflict; brush小规模战斗; 小冲突rung (n.) : any of the crosspieces constituting the steps of a ladder梯级lukewarm (n.) : (of liquids, etc. )barely or moderately warm(液体等)微温的paradox (n.) : a statement that seems contradictory, unbelievable. or absurd but that may actually be true in fact反论paranoia (n.) : a mental disorder characterized by systematized delusions, as of grandeur, or, esp. , persecution, often, except in a schizophrenic state, with an otherwise relatively intact personality妄想狂; 偏执狂accessible (adj.) : easy to approach or enter易接近的; 易进去的pocket (n.) : a small area or group of a specified type小块地区; 凹地; 小圈子pimp (n.) : one who is an agent for a prostitute or prostitutes and lives off their earnings; procurer拉皮条的人; 为妓女拉客的人; 妓院老板perpetual (adj.) : continuing indefinitely without interruption: unceasing; constant不断的; 重复不停的preconception (n.) : bias or prejudice偏见terrace (n.) : an unroofed paved area, immediately adjacent to a house, etc. 露天平台; 阳台corny (adj. [colloq.]) : unsophisticated, old-fashioned, trite, banal, sentimental, etc. 过时的; 陈腐的sojourn (n.) : a brief 0r temporary stay; visit旅居; 短期访问incorrigible (adj.) : not corrigible; that cannot be corrected, improved, or reformed, esp. because firmly established, as a habit不可救药的; 难以纠正的; 根深蒂固的efface (v.) : rub out, as from a surface; erase; wipe out; obliterate(从表面)擦掉, 擦去, 抹去; 消除(痕迹) fathom (v.) : measure the depth of; get to the bottom of; understand thoroughly测深; 追根究底; 弄清…的真相unprecedented (adj.) : having no precedent or parallel; unheard-of; novel前所未有的; 无前例的; 新奇的compulsive (adj.) : of, having to do with, or resulting from compulsion强迫的; 有强迫力的taboo (n.) : any social prohibition or restriction that results from convention or tradition(社会习俗或传统习惯方面的)禁忌; 避讳sustenance (n.) : that which sustains life; nourishment; food食物; 营养物1.inexorable (adj.) : that cannot be moved or influenced by persuasion or entreaty; unrelenting不退让的, 不屈不挠的; 不为所动的sorely (adv.) : urgently; greatly; extremely迫切地; 极其; 非常wed(v.) : unite or join closely密切结合arm (n.) : any combatant branch of the military forces兵种; 军种intangible (adj.) : that cannot be easily defined, formulated, or grasped; vague难以确定(或捉摸、掌握)的; 模糊的; 不明确的at bottom: fundamentally, actually根本上, 实际上in flight(from): escaping from逃避, 逃开in relief: in sharp contrast浮雕一般, 鲜明地, 显著地be borne in on/upon sb.: if a fact is borne in in someone, they realize that it is true使确信；被逐渐认识到；(事实等)为某人所认识的Lesson 9The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas选词Para. 3说起来，他们并不是一些头脑简单的人，尽管他们过得很快活。

Lessonl1.Wind and rain now wiped the house.——metaphor（暗喻）2.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.——simile （明3.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. ------------ s imile4....it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ——personification（拟人）5.Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.——6....the Salvation Army's canteen trucks and Red Cross volunteers and staffers weregoing wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding. --------------7.The federal government shipped 4,400,000 pounds of food, moved in mobile homes, set up portable classrooms, opened offices to provide low-interest, long-term business loans.——8.We can batten down and ride it out. ------- metaphor9.Everybody out the back door to the cars!一ellipsis （省略）10.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snappedthem. ------ simile11.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricaneparty to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point ------------ t ransferred epithet 移就12.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads——metaphor; simileLessonl1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelictbuilding-lot. ------ simile2.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sinkback into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. ------------- alliteration 押头韵3.... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ——simile4.And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, amile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ------------------------- simile5.The little crowd of mourners -all men and boys, no women一threaded their wayacross the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again. --------------------- e lliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed,——hyperbole7.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. transferred epithet8.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.——synecdoche（提喻）9.As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels. ---------------- onomatopoetic words symbolism10.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. ------------------- elliptical sentence11.This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.——synecdoche 提喻Lesson31.... and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows, -mixed-metaphor or metaphor3.... that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.——metaphor4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.——metaphor5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -------- metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. metaphor6.The conversation was on wings.——metaphor8.The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try totalk sense and so ruin all conversation. ---------- s arcasm 反讽9.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side witheach other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. ---------------- simile10.... we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.——11.Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there.——12.We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.——13.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.——simile14.Is the phrase in Shakespeare?——metonymy15.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.一simile16.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King's English slips and slides in conversation.一alliteration17.When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age," we sit up at thevividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image. ----------- metaphor解释汇总Lesson 11.main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end ofe by:(American English) pay a visit4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light, fire, generator, etc) quickly by pouring water over it6.kill：(American English)to cause(an engine-etc. )to stop7 ・swath: the space covered with one cut of a scythe;a long strip Or track Of any kind8.bar：a measure in music； the notes between two vertical lines On a music sheet9.lean—to：a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof, the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building1 0. Seabee：a member of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the U. S. Navy, that build harbor facilities, airfields, etc. Seabee stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion.Lesson 21.chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice2.navvy：abbreviation of "navigator", a British word meaning an unskilled laborer, as on canals, ， roads, etc.3 ・Stow：put or hide away in a safe place4.warp：bend, curve, or twist out of shape5.self-contained：self—sufficient； having within oneself or itself all that is necessary6.wretched: poor in quality, very inferior7.mummified：thin and withered, looking like a mummy8.reach—me—down：(British colloquialism)second—hand or ready—made clothing9・charger：a horse ridden in battle or on paradeLesson 31.on the rocks：metaphor, comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks2.get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression "You got out of bed the wrong way". It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed.)3.on wings: metaphor, comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring. It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting.4.turn up one5s nose at：scorn； show scorn for5・into the shoes：metaphor(or more appropriately an idiomatic expression), think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant, i. e. as if one were a Saxon peasant6. come into one's own：receive what properly belongs to one, especially acclaim or recognition657.sit up at：(colloquial)become suddenly alert and take notice of。

The Tale of Albert Einstein’s “Greatest Blunder”By Neil deGrasse TysonConsolidation WorkI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. transient2. repulsive3. embarrassed4. seethe with5. asserted6. blunders7. tantamount to8. work out9. elbow their way 10. permeated 11. Embedded 12. convincing 13. part and parcel 14. in effect 15. scrutinyII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1. elliptical2. provocation3. noticeably4. predictive; predict5. Cosmology; cosmologists6. specialization7. distorted8. eternal9. reconciliation 10. unassailableIII. Paraphrase the following sentences taken from the text.1.It is Albert Einstein’s theory that has caused these ideas to appear in 20th-centuryphysics, and these ideas are equally difficult to understand.2.Every few years, scientists who test phenomena with lab equipment makeexperiments that are more and more accurate to test Albert Einstein’s theory of General Relativity, but they only turn out to go beyond the limits of its accuracy (turn out to increase its accuracy).3.Most scientific models are only inadequate ones that are not well planned orconsidered, and the factors or limits that these models establish can be slightly changed/altered to make these models match the universe that has been known to man.4.From time to time in the past years, theorists would pick up again and reexaminelambda which was more commonly known as the “cosmological constant”and had been rejected as one of the theories that were not believed to be true.5.When physicists reused lambda and put it back in Einstein’s original equations forgeneral relativity, the actual universe that people knew agreed with the model universe that Einstein’s equations described (what the universe actually was agreed with what Einstein’s equations described it to be).6.“Dark Energy” beat the other names and was adopted as the right term and thisterm itself very well expresses our ignorance of what that energy is or what produces this energy.7.Dark energy isn’t something that has got no theory to support it.IV. Test your general knowledge.1．For his work in theoretical physics, notably on the _____________, Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.A. general relativityB. special relativityC. photoelectric effectD. cosmological constant2. In 1916 he completed his mathematical formulation of a general theory of relativity that included ___________ as a determiner of the curvature of a space-time continuum.A. gravitationB. anti-gravitationC. dark energyD. cosmological constant3. Which of the following statements about Albert Einstein is true? ___________A. After Hitler’s rise to power, Einstein left Germany and worked from 1934 inUSA. On October 1, 1940, Einstein became an American citizen. He remained both an American and a Swiss citizen until his death on April 18, 1955.B. In 1939, Einstein sent a letter to President Truman urging the study of nuclearfission for military purposes, under fears that the Nazi government would be first to develop nuclear weapons.C. In addition to the theory of relativity, Einstein is also known for hiscontributions to the development of the atomic bomb.D. Einstein spent the later part of his life attempting to establish a merger betweenunified field theory and his general theory of relativity.4. Which of the following statements is not the idea belonging to the big-bang theory?____________A. At the beginning of time, all of the matter and energy in the universe wasconcentrated in a very dense state, from which it exploded, with the resulting expansion continuing until the present.B. The big bang is dated between 10 and 20 billion years ago.C. In the initial state, the universe was very hot and contained a thermal soup ofquarks, electrons, photons, and other elementary particles.D. The universe has always expanded, with no beginning or end, at a uniform rateand it always will expand and maintain a constant density.5. Newton’s apple is a popular story claiming that Newton was inspired to formulate his ______________ by the fall of an apple from a tree.A. laws of motionB. theory of universal gravitationC. conservation of momentumD. development of calculus6. The solar system comprises the Sun and the retinue of celestial objectsgravitationally bound to it: currently there are officially ___________ and their 165 known moons, as well as asteroids, meteoroids, planetoids, comets, and interplanetary dust.A. nine starsB. eight starsC. nine planetsD. eight planets7. Which theory concluded that the expansion of the universe is approximatelyuniform and the greater the distance between any two galaxies, the greater their relative speed of separation? ____________A. The Big-Bang theoryB. The Big-Rip theoryC. The Steady-State theoryD. Hubble’s Law8. At the end of the 20th century, the study of very distant supernovas led to the belief that the cosmic expansion was accelerating. To explain this cosmologists postulated a repulsive force, ____________, which counteracts gravity and pushes galaxies apart.A. black holeB. dark energyC. universal constantD. cosmic force9. Stephen Hawking showed that if the general theory of relativity was correct the universe must have a __________, or starting point, in space-time.A.singularityB.black holeC.dark matterD.boundary10. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ___________A. According to Einstein’s special theory of relativity, which is a geometricinterpretation of gravitation, matter produces gravitational effects by actually distorting the space about it.B. In 1687, Newton used the Latin word gravitas (weight) for the force that wouldbecome known as gravity, and defined the law of universal gravitation.C. Edwin Hubble, American astronomer, was the first to offer observationalevidence to support the theory of the expanding universe.D. In 1971 Hawking, British theoretical physicist,provided mathematical supportfor the big-bang theory of the origin of the universe.11. The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way. It is shaped approximatelylike__________.A. a round ballB. a doughnutC. a pretzelD. a flat spiral12. Unlike most other fish, sharks have no __________.A. bonesB. teethC. gillsD. liver13. Alexander Graham Bell is best known for inventing the telephone, but he was aman of many interests. Another product for which he received patents was__________.A. a cement-burning kilnB. a hydrofoil boatC. a “magic lantern” projectorD. a vacuum cleaner14. It is now believed that dinosaurs became extinct because of __________.A. viral diseasesB. hunting by early humansC. a worldwide period of climatic coolingD. a meteorite impact15. Kinetic energy is __________.A. life energy, possessed only by living organismsB. only important at subatomic distancesC. energy of movementD. a rare form of energy sometimes observed in deep space1-5 CAADB 6-10 DDBAA 11-15 DABDC11 D The Milky Way has four spiral arms radiating out from a central cluster of starsor "nucleus". Our solar system is located on one of the spiral arms, quite far from the center.12. A A shark’s skeleton is made of cartilage, a material somewhat softer and m oreflexible than bone.13. B In later life, while living in Canada, Bell worked with Casey Baldwin todevelop a practical hydrofoil watercraft. In 1919, his HD-4 craft set a world marine speed record of over 70 miles (110 km) per hour that stood for ten years.14. D A large meteorite is thought to have collided with the earth at the end of theCretaceous period, some 65 million years ago. It probably struck near Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. The extinctions were caused by climate changes resulting from the collision.15. C Anything that moves has kinetic energy. In a collision between objects, kineticenergy is transferred from one object to the other.V. Proofread the following passage.As scientific advances bring cloning out of the realm ofscience fiction and into the domain of medical reality, concernis growing ^ what the possible implications will be. Many fear that 1. aboutit could have disastrous consequences. Will experiments gone awryresult to deformed human beings? Will people replicate themselves 2. infor egomaniacal reasons? Will the concept of human identitydrastically change? “Life is a creation, not a commodity,” PresidentBush argued last month in a speech before Congress, and as for such, 3. forhe emphasized, it should not be manufactured through cloningas though it was some kind of specialty goods. 4. were But many also argue that an important distinction needs to berecognized between “reproductive cloning,” in which the goal isthe creation of a full-fledged human being, and “therapeutic cloning,”in which the goal is the creation of a several-day-old embryo ^ which 5. from undifferentiated stem cells can be harvested and potentially used tocure a variety of devastated diseases. Those who believe that human 6. devastating life begins with the very existence of an embryo cannot countenancea procedure that involves an embryo's creation and destruction, evenon a very early stage. But those who believe that human life does not 7. at begin at least when an embryo's cells have begun to differentiate 8. until themselves into distinctly human tissue feel that prohibiting such 9. tissues research—which could save the lives of many people for cancer, 10. with diabetes, heart disease, and other illnesses—would in itself bereprehensible and disrespectful of human life.You Are What You SayI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1.faux-pas2.is built into3.endearment4.leeway5.corroboration6.paraphrasable7.idiosyncrasy/idiosyncrasies8.consummate9.girl Friday10.frivolity11.apt to12.pejoratively13.show up14.assertive15.undermineII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1.inadequacy2.engagement3.assert4.confirmation5.subliminal6.address7.immature8.pursuit, pursuit/pursuance9.originality, original10.fussyIII. Paraphrase.1. As I know, there is no evidence which can prove that women can distinguish more colors than men do.I can’t prove that women can see more col ors than men do.2. By using a tag question, a speaker is able to avoid being certain so that he can prevent himself from arguing or quarreling or disagreeing with the listener.3. As far as I know, the typical sentence-intonation pattern which is used almost only by women turns a positive answer into a question.4. An order/ A command that has been made clear by the speaker means a threatening consequence if it is not followed/obeyed. And it also means that the speaker is in a higher position and thuscan impose the order on the listener, which is more impolite.5. Using requests to express wishes, on the other hand, a speaker means that only he / the speaker will take the consequences if the listener doesn’t grant / carry out the request.By expressing wishes through making requests (as the speaker requests the listener to do him a favor, the speaker means that he himself will take the consequences if the listener doesn’t do him the favor.IV. Test your general knowledge.1. B.2. A3. A4. C5. D6. C. 7A 8.B. 9. B 10. C 11. D. 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. AV. Proofread the following passage.1. avoid→to avoid2. points→points out3. his→her4. a→the5. at→as6. with→without7. much→much more8. are→is9. were→are10. are→isThe World of DoublespeakI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. circumvent2. ambushed3. revenue4. inflate5. dividend6. shorthand7. theft8. laid off9. at variance with10. subject-matter11. preemptive12. cover up13. cynicism14. fall on15. subject toII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in theblanks.1.insight2.distaste3.grieve4.deprivation5.enhance6.co-operative7.legitimate8.hostility9.assembling10.profundityIII. Paraphrase.1.Doublespeak is language that protects the speaker from taking responsibility (being sure ofwhat he is saying) and it is language that is different from its real or intended / supposed meaning (from what it really refers to).2.But a euphemism can also be a skillful / clever word or phrase. Using this word or phrase, thespeaker can avoid directly talking about something serious or unpleasant. Or the speaker uses this word or phrase because he/she is considerate of what someone else feels (because he/she doesn’t want to hurt someone else’s feelings) or because he/she doesn’t want to directly talking about something that is forbidden by a social / cultural custom (something that is not supposed to be mentioned directly in some societies or cultures).3.For example, when talking about property that is stolen, destroyed in an accident, or takenover for public use, lawyers refer to it as property that is transferred against the owner’s will.4.It is a difficult problem to find the specific, right time to stop the rapid increase in riskpremiums caused by falling incomes and at the same time not to end too early / in advance the fall / drop / decrease in the risk premiums caused by inflation.5.If we really think that we understand doublespeak and that doublespeak expresses andpromotes clear thought, then we will fall victim to a world described in George Orwell’s 1984, in which language controls everything (in which the totalitarian political regime controls everything through language).IV. Test your general knowledge.1. D2. A3. C4. B5. B6. A7. D8. C9. B10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. BV. Proofread the following passage.1. bring→brings2. has large→has a large3. grip→gripping4. by→through5. through→by6. all→every7. lying→lies8. call→calls9. instead→instead of10. with→with aPair WordsThe World of DoublespeakPlain Terms DoublespeakThe Cost of Starting Families FirstI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. make ends meet2. perk3. cut back on4. unencumbered5. conundrum6. sabbatical7. intangible8. time off9. way 10. skimp on11. put … on hold12. stuck on 13. thrived 14. fledgling 15. ended upII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1. accomplish2. matures3. inseparable4. expenses5. pregnant6. elevator7. ease8. scarcity9. administration 10 maintenanceIII. Paraphrase.1.Besides the happy / pleasant pictures of babies learning to walk and ride bikes and of collegegraduation ceremonies on which parents feel happy and moved into tears, being parents means having to keep making sacrifices, spending money raising children and thinking over the losses and gains of doing like that.Parents may have great times seeing their babies learning to walk and ride bikes, and they may feel happy to see their children finish college and be moved into tears, but being parents also means. . . .It may be a great moment or pleasure for parents to see their babies learning to walk and ride bikes and to see in excitement and tears their grown-up children graduated from college, but being parents also means. . . .2.There is no doubt that you will have to spend a lot of money and the most part of your life andenergy raising children, and at least many women will have to give up their careers to have children first.3.She will not have had enough time to develop her career, so she will have to start her familyand raise a child while she begins to develop her career or she will have to give up her beginning career first in order to raise a child and return years later to start from the very beginning work / position after her school friends who do not have children have had better work / positions. (clock指上班考勤、打卡上班，clock few years意思是上班打卡打不了几年，即没有多少时间搞事业；nurture a new life指养育新生命，即成家养孩子；nurture a fledgling career指发展刚刚起步的事业；entry-level work指刚起步时的初级工作或初级职位)4.Many parents who are in their 20’s can take the responsibility of raising children easily or canadapt themselves to parenthood easily (It can be easy for many parents to take the responsibility of raising children / to adapt themselves to parenthood), but others feel that they are not old / mature enough to raise children, and the sudden responsibility of raising children can put their marriages in danger / crisis (can cause their marriages to break up or can cause them to end up in divorce).5.The husband has to overwork himself to cover all the expenses of the family, so that he willnot have enough time to spend with his children and wife and he will be estranged from hiswife (he will not be as intimate with his wife as before; his relationship with his wife will not be as intimate as before).IV. Test your general knowledge.1. B2. A3. A4. C.5. C6. D7. C8. A9. B 10. A11. D 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. DV. Proofread the following passage.The majority of tribal and peasant societies in the past have had an “elementary” marriage system in Levi-Straussian term. That is to say,marriage was not based on individual but ^ group choice and was 1. on determined by birth status, in other words kinship position. Marriagehas characteristically occurred at a very early age for women andmaximum fertility is aimed for. This very highly fertility was balancedby heavy mortality, either perennial or in periodic crises, often 2. perennially triggered by war. Thus the checks were mainly of a positive kind,acting through the biology of disease or starvation. In thisdemographic world, man was on the mercy of the environment. 3. at There were periods of disturbance of the balance with rapid populationgrowth for short periods before the positive checks operate again. 4. operated When the situation now in Europe is compared with that in the greathistoric civilizations of India, China, Egypt or much of Europe upto the end of the eighteenth century, ^ is clear that a revolution has 5. it occurred. The demographic pattern is entirely different and so is themating pattern. How and why this transformation occurred has important implications for the origins in industrialization and the current 6. of demographic patterns in the Third World. The study of mating patternsin the past has been transformed over the last twenty or so years by the applications of new method and the discovery of new materials. 7. methods Historical materials concerning marriages, births and deaths areextremely difficult to use and for a long time it seemed unlikely thatmuch could be learnt in the detail concerning such intimate matters before 8. the the nineteenth century. The work of historical demographers, particularlyin France and England, has changed the situation. Applying the methodof“family reconstitution”, that is the linking of baptisms, marriages andburials, to the registers, and combining these with listings of inhabitantsand other documents, have provided a new picture of the emergence of 9. has that unique west European marriage pattern, to which Hajnal drewattention some twenty years ago. This study concentrate on the English 10. concentrates phenomenon, for it was in England that it was shown in its mostextreme and most precocious form.。

高级英语一、Identify the following figures of speech.（10个，共10分）二、Fill in the missing words.（20个，共20分）三、Reading comprehension.（2个，共20分）四、Paraphrase（5个，15分）五、Translation from Chinese into English.（1个，共15分）六、Answer the questions （2个，共20分）一、修辞（记拼写）1.Simile 明喻，有本体、喻体，有提示词as, like2.Metaphor 隐喻，A is B3.Metonymy 借代，第二课：Kimono, mini skirt4.Synecdoche 提喻，big names, 千帆过尽5.Oxymoron 矛盾，两个互相矛盾的单词，罗密欧与朱丽叶cold fire6.Rhetorical question 反问，有问号7.Hyperbole 夸张，莎士比亚的Hamlet:Forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love make up my sum.8.Antithesis 对偶，两句意思相反结构相似的句子，看句型，wise和fool9.Parallelism 排比，三个相同句式，丘吉尔：We shall bite them..., we..., we...10.Transferred epithet 移就，达罗伸出了reassuring arm.二、填空范围，其中翻译范围为马克吐温首尾段和丘吉尔第十段。

三、Paraphrase 范围难且有生词的第一课1. We're elevated 23 feet. (Para. 3)We're 23 feet above sea level.2. We can batten down and ride it out. (Para. 4)We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.3.The generator was doused, and the lights went out。

《高级英语（下）》课文要点1. Lesson One The Company in Which I Work1. What kind of life are the salesmen leading?They live and work under extraordinary pressure. When things are bad, they are worse for the salesmen; when things are good, they are not much better. However, they react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected. They love their work, work hard, and earn big salaries.2. How does the narrator feel about his work now?He is bored with his work very often now. He would pass the routine work to the others. He enjoys his work only when the assignments are large and urgent. He frequently feels that he is being taken advantage of, and does not want to spend the rest of his life working for the company. However, he finds there is no way out.3. What do you think is the theme of this passage?This passage is a dark satire on the capacity of the modern corporation world to destroy the human spirit, and on the sacrifice of human dignity because of the desire for personal fame and gain.2. Lesson Two Eveline1. What changes had taken place in her family?In the past, "they seemed to have been rather happy."Now, 1) Her mother was dead;2) Her father became worse;3) Ernest was dead; Harry not at home.2. What made her decide to leave home?1) Hard lifea. no respect at work and at home, though hardworking (a dutiful daughter and sister);b. no protection: her father's violence;c. money affair2) Frank would give her life, perhaps love, too.(p17)3) Her mother's life"Frank would save her." "But she wanted to live."3. Why was she in two minds on the question of leaving or not leaving?A life of quiet desperation.---She had never dreamed of leaving (p3)---At least she had shelter and food and familiar people, and she did not find it a wholly undesirable life (p7)--- She had to explore another life with Frank (p9). She had no confidence.4. Why did she finally refuse to leave?--- National character: Irish paralysis (paralysis: loss or lack of ability to move, act, think, etc.) as shown in the last par.--- Individual character: her timidity (timid: fearful, lacking courage)the image of boat: a strange monsterthe symbol of sea: while offering escape and life, giving warning of death. These opposites reveal her dilemma.3. Lesson Three What's Wrong with Our Press?OutlinePart I IntroductionA. (Par. 1) Newspapers' two advantages over TV (sarcastic)B. (Par.2-4) Survey: People no longer believe in our press.C. (Par. 5) TV does better than the press in informing the public.*How do you interpret newspapers' two advantages?The author is sarcastic in talking about newspapers' "two great advantages". She makes us realize that something is wrong with the press: they have become a habit rather than a function.Part II (Par. 6) What's wrong with our press: Partisanship (rabid bias; one-sidedness)A. (Par. 7)TV presents more than one aspect of an issue.B. (Par. 8) TV provides a wide range of opinion.C. (Par. 9) TV does not feed the appetite for hate.D. (Par. 10-11) TV provides background information.*What's wrong with the American press according to the author?* In what way does TV do a better job than the press in informing the public?Part III ConclusionA. (Par. 12) Good newspapers are hard to find.B. (Par. 13-14) Newspapers have become a habit rather than a function. (resistance to change)C. (Par. 15) The word should be treated with the respect it deserves.* Apart from partisanship, what marks the end of newspapers' usefulness?Newspapers' resistance to change marks the end of their usefulness. Without change they have become a habit rather than a function. They can not perform the vital service of informing the public.*What is the author's purpose in writing the article?The author points out the problems of the American local press in order to call for the press people to treat the word with the respect it deserves, and she also reveals her belief that no picture can ever be an adequate substitute of the word.4. Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in AmericaOutlineI. Attitude toward old ageA. (1) We have not examined old age.B. (2-4) Popular attitudeC. (5) Correct attitudeII. Old age in AmericaA. (6) Root cause of the tragedy: societyB. (7-9) The basic daily requirements for survival: income and housingC. (10) EmploymentD. (11) Heath problemsE. (12) Other problemsF. (13) Old womenG. (14-15) MinoritiesQuestions:1. What are the popular attitudes towards old age?2. What are the interconnected elements that determine the quality of late life?3. Why is old age a tragedy for many elderly Americans?4. What are the major problems the elderly Americans confront?5. What is the author's view of old age?5. Lesson Seven Ace in the HoleAce has just been fired by his boss for damaging a car. He is worried that this might infuriate his wife Eey, and perhaps break up their already shaky marriage. On his way home, he stops by his mother's place to pick up the baby. His mother complains about Evey and hints he should divorce her. All this puts him in a confused and anxious mood. When Evey returns home, they have a squabble, and Evey blurts out a threat to divorce him. It is the baby's funny and clever act that comes to his rescue. Switching on the radio, Ace leads Evey into a dance and the music eases off the tension between them.Ace's experience reflects the plight of the typical American lower-middle class of the 1950s. Life has lost its fresh appeal and drive to him. His social existence is more of a sacrifice than an enterprise. By marrying a Catholic girl, he entraps himself in entangled relationships of family dispute and religious discord. The marriage itself is precarious, and due to recurring crises, it plunges now and then to the brink of collapse. His past glory as a basketball star will not get him any nearer a solution. His only hope seems to lie in the possibility of having more children who might grow up to fulfil his broken dreams.Questions:1. What made Ace so restless during his drive home that day? What was he worried about in particular?2. What do you think their married life was like?3. Was Ace out of the hole at the end of the story? What makes you think so?6. Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My SupperOutline:I. (par.1-2) American food is becoming tastelessII. (par.15-17) Tastelessness leads to obesityIII. (par. 19-23) Americans are losing individualityA. (3-8) CheeseB. (9-14) VegetablesC. (18) Deep-freezingQuestions:1. Why does the author make a distinction between science and the so-called science at the very beginning of the essay?The author wants to make clear to the readers that he himself is an honest lover of science and what he opposes here is the so-called science. This distinction is important for otherwise his essay would be weightless from the outset.2. Why does the author suggest that the tastelessness leads to the national problem of obesity? According to the author, the need to satisfy the sense of taste may be innate and important. When food is tasteless, it may be the instinct of mankind to go on eating in the subconscious hope offinally satisfying the frustrated taste buds. Since American food is becoming more and more tasteless, obesity, therefore, becomes such a national curse.3. Apart from obesity, what are the other consequences of Americans as a nation eating standardized tasteless food?Apart from obesity, the application of "science" to food production also causes people to abandon the quality as people and to become a faceless mob of mediocrities. Besides, American people are losing the great ideas of colorful liberty and dignified individualism.7. Lesson Nine I'll Never Escape the GhettoHis experience:4 years at Whittier College: 1959-632 years at Oxford: Fall 1963-65University of Vienna: Summer 1964Returned home: August 19652 years at Yale Law School: Fall 1965-67Returned home: Summer 1966Wrote the article: 1967Facts:I returned home in Aug. 1965I was home last summerHarlem rioting: Summer 1964Watts rioting: Fall 1965Questions:1. What made him decide to return home and make a career there when he left watts for Whittier College?2. Why did he hide the fact that he was from Watts?3. What did he realize when he was studying at Oxford? What made him realize that?4. What was his reaction to the Harlem rioting?5. How does he compare the wisdom of the street corner with his own schooling?8. Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and PoliticsOutlineI. (1-6) Four fundamental motivesA. Introduction (1)*desire for food*human desires: infinite*other fundamental desires: fourB Acquisitiveness (2-3)*origin: a combination of fear with the desire for necessaries*mainspring of the capitalist system; infiniteC. Rivalry (4)*stronger*dangerousD. Vanity (5)*powerful*a variety of forms*growing with what it feeds onE. Love of power (6)*most powerful*increasing by the experience of power* apt to inflict pain: dangerous*desirable sideII. (7-15) Love of excitementA. A very important motive, though less fundamental (7-10)B. Cause (11-12)C. Necessity of securing innocent outlets (13-15)*social reformers and moralists*Many of its forms are destructive*Civilized life is too tameQuestions:1. What are the four fundamental motives? Explain.2. What is the root cause of love of excitement as a motive?3. Why is it so important to secure an innocent outlet in the modern society?9. Lesson Twelve The Everlasting WitnessOutline:Par.1-2: At breakfast; in her sister's house in MexicoPar. 3-4: The night before; finding three cinemas (recent flashback)Par. 5-12: In America; the newsreel (earlier flashback)*What was the newsreel she chanced to see about?*Why did she come to Mexico?Par.13-end: In Mexico, going to the film alone*What decision did she make on the way to the cinema?*Why did she buy the flowers and then carry them in her heart?Flowers: beauty, peace, hope, affection; mother's love (carnations)in contrast with the cruelty of warFlowers (a big wheel) to life/death: she is ready to accept either*What is the everlasting witness? What is it a witness to? Explain?Open.Jerry's face on the screen (close-up): recorded in form of documentary; the image stamped in the mind of Marian and the audience, and the readers; Jerry is still alive.A witness to the cruelty of war.10. Lesson Thirteen Selected snobberiesThe author's views concerning snobbery:1. All men are snobs about something. (par. 1)2. Snobberies ebb and flow. (par. 2)3. Snobberies stimulate activity. (par. 6)4. Each group of people have their own most highly esteemed snobbery. ("Each hierarchy culminates in its own particular Pope." (par. 7)Chief snobberies discussed in the essay:1. Disease2. Booze3. Modernity4. ArtQuestions:1. What is the motive for disease-snobbery?problematical diseases of the rich; romantic adolescents2. How has modernity-snobbery become so popular in modern society?of a strictly economic character; production is outrunning consumption; organized waste; most perishable articles by producers; advertising; newspapers; docile public.3. What are the two kinds of art-snobs? In what way does the author think the unplatonic art-snobs contribute to society?Platonic snobs are truly interested in artUnplatonic snobs buy art because a collections of works of art is a collection of culture symbols, and culture-symbols still carry social prestige, and, moreover, it is also a collection of wealth symbols.It compels the philistines to pay at least some slight tribute to the things of the mind and so helps to make the world less dangerously unsafe for ideas.And even though they buy works of art because they are modernity-snobs at the same time, it has provided the living artists with the means of subsistence.。

句子释义第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：rifles试题内容：The stupendous material figures for future joint invasions of North Africa or the French coast contrasted sadly with this plea for a hundred fifty thousand rifles now.答案内容：Compared with the huge figures for future joint British-U.S. invasion of North Africa or the French coast, the present request of a hundred fifty thousand rifles immediately was sadly small.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：offered his band试题内容：Churchill saluted him and offered his band.答案内容：Churchill held out his hand to help.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：am for试题内容：I’m for it .第1课The Middle Eastern Bazaar试题关键字：shadowy distance试题内容: The bazaar loses itself in the shadowy distance.答案内容：The bazaar is dark, so when the street is long, objects in the distance become unclear and indistinct.第1课The Middle Eastern Bazaar试题关键字：conceivable kind试题内容：The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.答案内容：The middle part of a road where vehicle drive is about twelve feet wide, but is narrowed every few yards by little open-fronted shops where goods of every kind you can think of .第1课The Middle Eastern Bazaar试题关键字：overwhelmed试题内容：The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit .答案内容：The shop-keepers speak in slow, steady tones, and the buyers overwhelmed by the grave-like atmosphere, also speak in slow and steady tones.第1课The Middle Eastern Bazaar试题关键字：point of honour试题内容：13. It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment.答案内容：It is important for one’s self-respect with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess which things in particular she really likes or wants at the last moment.第1课The Middle Eastern Bazaar试题关键字：vaulted，echo试题内容：The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo.答案内容：The floor made of earth flattened by treading to lose the sound of footsteps, and the Moslem style of architecture mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sound to echo.第2课Hiroshima试题关键字：off试题内容：Hiroshima! Everybody off!答案内容：Everybody should now get off the train.第2课Hiroshima试题关键字：a lump in my throat试题内容：And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say.答案内容：And secondly, because I was chocked with emotion and some sad events occupying my thoughts that had no connection with what the stationmaster might say.第2课Hiroshima试题关键字：rubbed shoulders试题内容：Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. 答案内容：Little girls and approaching old age ladies in kimonos meet and mix with boys or girls from 13-19 and women in western dress.第2课Hiroshima试题关键字：overwhelmed试题内容：The strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned.答案内容：I was again overcome by a guilty conscience as I had been when I first arrived at the station.第2课Hiroshima试题关键字：little bow of assent试题内容：I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie.答案内容：I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant. His words shocked me out of my sad dreamy thinking.第2课Hiroshima试题关键字：puzzled试题内容：You look puzzled.答案内容：You look bewildered.第2课Hiroshima试题关键字：humiliating试题内容：It is humiliating to survive in this city.答案内容：It is a disgrace for an atomic victim to remain alive in this city.第2课Hiroshima试题关键字：character试题内容：I have the opportunity to improve my character."答案内容：I have the chance to raise my moral standard, to purify my soul.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：relaxed试题内容：The President’s face relaxed.答案内容：The President’s expression became less stiff.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：bitten off试题内容：Hitler’s bitten off a big bi te this time.答案内容：This time Hitler has attacked a country too big for him to conquer, or to put it idiomatically, he has bitten off more than he can chew.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：bear试题内容：you might bear in mind what our friends will be after.答案内容：you’d better make a mental note of what the British will be trying to get.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：the second demand试题内容：It softens the ground for the second demand.答案内容：It will make it difficult for the American to reject their second demand.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：pulled himself试题内容：He pulled himself to his feet in the rocking boat.答案内容：He managed to stand up in the rocking boat.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：maintain试题内容：Our destroyers couldn’t maintain speed.答案内容：The destroyers could not keep up their original speed because of the gale.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：Zigzag试题内容：The battleship zigzagged on alone.答案内容：The battleship made wide diversion from side to side so as to avoid German submarines.第14课Argentia Bay试题关键字：this试题内容：Let me start on this now, sir.答案内容：Let me go and talk to Admiral King now.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：certainty试题内容：This changed conviction into certainty.答案内容：I n the past I was convinced that German troops would attack Soviet Union; but now it really becomes a fact instead of my firm belief.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：round up试题内容：I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes .答案内容：I think the Soviet troops will be surrounded in large numbers.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：reference试题内容：If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.答案内容：If Hitler attacked Hell, I would even say a word in favour of the Devil in the House of Commons, no matter how evil he had been.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：speak of试题内容：It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States.答案内容：I am not in a position to say what action the United States would take.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：stay试题内容：Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were staying.答案内容：Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were visitors.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：go all out试题内容：We should go all out to help Russia.答案内容：We should make our utmost effort to help Russia.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：rescue mankind from his tyranny试题内容：On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny. 答案内容：Instead, we will fight with greater courage and redouble our efforts in the struggle to end fascism.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：thrived and prospered试题内容：By which he has so long thrived and prospered.答案内容：He has so far been very successful in employing this tactic.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：redouble试题内容：Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain.答案内容：Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：theme试题内容：It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.答案内容：It is completely lacking of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.第5课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：true试题内容：Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.答案内容：Winant said the United States would have the same point of view.第5课Spe ech on Hitler’s Invasion of U.S.S.R试题关键字：unsay试题内容：I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it.答案内容：I will not take back any single word that I have said about Communism.第6课Blackmail试题关键字：muted试题内容：As a result the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.答案内容：The nerves of the Duke and Duchess were worn out by the long writing, were over-strained, when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.第6课Blackmail试题关键字：surveyed试题内容：The house detective's piggy eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jowled face.答案内容：The house detective's small narrow eyes looked her up and down scornfully from his gross jowled face.第6课Blackmail试题关键字：that doesn't matter试题内容：I suppose that doesn't matter now.答案内容：Now that our secret has been discovered, whether the jockeys see it or not doesn't matter now.第6课Blackmail试题关键字：gamble试题内容：She would gamble on the fat man’s greed.答案内容：She would take a chance on the f at man’s greed.第6课Blackmail试题关键字：clucked his tongue试题内容：The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly.答案内容：The house detective made noises with his tongue to show his disapproval.第6课Blackmail试题关键字：the highest stakes试题内容：When you were playing for the highest stakes, you made the highest bid.答案内容：You had to pay the highest price when your reputation and career were at stake.第6课Blackmail试题关键字：rein试题内容：The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.答案内容：The Duchess of Croydon kept firm and tight control of her mind which is working quickly.第6课Blackmail试题关键字：hit-and-run试题内容：You two was in that hit-‘n-run”.答案内容：You two are guilty of that hit-and-run accident.。

Lesson One The Company in Which I workWords and Expressions1 abdominal [ ] adj. 腹部的Of or relating to or near the abdomen2 bachelor [ ] n. 单身汉，光棍 A man who has never been married3 brood [ ] vi. 思虑，沉思Think moodily or anxiously about something4 bypass [ ] vt. 绕过，规避，回避Avoid something unpleasant or laborious5 corresponding [ ] adj. 相应的，相当的Similar especially in position or purpose6 courteous [ ] adj. 有礼貌的，谦恭的PoliteIt's courteous of you to write a letter of thanks to me.courtesy [ ] n. 礼貌，好意PolitenessThe young man did me the courtesy of opening the door for me.7 cranky [ ] adj. 古怪的，任性的Easily irritated or annoyed8 cramp [ ] n. 痉挛，抽筋 A painful and involuntary muscular contraction9 elation [ ] n. 兴高采烈，得意洋洋 A feeling of joy and prideHe jumped with elation when he won the prize.elated [ ] adj. 兴高采烈的Full of high-spirited delightHe was elated at what he did.10 distribution [ ] n. 经销，分发The act of distributing or spreading or apportioningThe Red Cross supervised the distribution of food and clothing to the flood victims.distribute [ ] v. 分发，散发distributing or spreadingHis property was distributed among his sons.distributive [ ] adj. 分配的，流通的Serving to distribute or allot or dispersedistributor [ ] n. 分发者，批发商Someone who markets merchandise11 envious [ ] adj. 嫉妒的That feels envy of another's possessionsHe is envious of his friend's success.envy [] n. 嫉妒，羡慕 A feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something possessed by anotherHe looked with envy at my new car.enviously [ ] adv. 嫉妒地With jealousy; in an envious manner12 fitfully [ ] adv. 一阵阵地，不时地In a fitful mannerHe distrusts me fitfully.fitful [ ] adj. 发作的，不规则的Intermittently stopping and startingHe has a fitful sleep.fit [ ] n. 疾病的发作，激发 A sudden uncontrollable attackShe had a fit of coughing.13 gloomily [ ] adv. 沮丧地，忧郁地With gloom14 goose-step [ ] vi. 按命令行动，规矩March in a military fashion15 gregarious [ ] adj. 合群的，群居的Tending to form a group with others of the same kind16 grudge [ ] n. 怨恨，恶意，不满 A resentment strong enough to justify retaliation17 honors [ ] n. 学位考试成绩优异The quality of being honorable and having a good namegraduate with honors 以优等的学位考试成绩毕业18 inducement [ ] n. 诱惑，刺激 A positive motivational influenceWhat is the inducement to commit crime?induce [ ] v. 引诱，诱发，导致Cause to ariseI was induced to change my mind.19 inescapable [ ] adj. 不可避免的That is unable to escape20 ingenious [ ] adj. 机灵的，有创造性的Skillful and creative21 malice [ ] n. 恶意，敌意The quality of threatening evilI bear no malice toward him.malicious [ ] adj. 有恶意的Having the nature of or resulting from malicemaliciously [ ] adv. 心怀恶意地With malice; in a malicious mannerHe looked at the boy maliciously.22 melancholy [ ] adj. 忧郁的，哀伤的 A feeling of thoughtful sadness23 monotony [ ] n. 单调，无聊The quality of wearisome constancy and lack of varietyMonotony of the job kills workers' creativity.monotonous [ ] adj. 单调的，无聊的Tediously repetitious or lacking in varietyMary is tired of the monotonous life.monotonously [ ] adv. 单调地，无变化地In a monotonous manner24 motivate [ ] v. 给以动机，激发Give an incentiveWhat motivated him to do such a thing?motivation [ ] n. 动机，意图The reason for the actionWe don't know his motivation.25 mourning [ ] n. 悲哀，哀伤State of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one26 photocopy [ ] vt. 影印Reproduce by xerographyphotocopying [ ] n. 影印，影印本Reproduce copy by xerography27 resounding [ ] adj. 声音洪亮的Ring or echo with sound; reverberate28 retarded [ ] adj. 发育迟缓的Slow the growth or development of29 scarlet [ ] adj. 鲜红的，猩红的Having any of numerous bright or strong colors reminiscent of the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies30 scrutiny [ ] n. 详细审查，查验 A prolonged intense look31 shrewd [ ] adj. 精明的，有判断力的Marked by practical hardheaded intelligence32 squander [ ] v. 浪费，挥霍Spend lavishly or wastefully on33 tedium [ ] n. 乏味，单调沉闷Dullness owing to length or slownessThe tedium of the job makes him feel tired.tedious [ ] adj. 乏味的，单调沉闷的So lacking in interest as to cause mental wearinessI hardly read that tedious book.tediously [ ] adv. 乏味地In a tedious mannertediousness [ ] n. 乏味，单调沉闷Dullness owing to length or slowness34 vanity [ ] n. 虚荣，自负Feelings of excessive pride35 widower [ ] n. 鳏夫 A man whose wife is dead especially one who has not remarried36 wreck [ ] vt. 毁灭，毁坏Ruin37 drain [ ] v. 耗尽Flow off or away gradually38 rage [ ] n. 愤怒Anger39 verge [ ] n. 边缘 A region marking a boundary40 strain [ ] v. 尽力To exert much effort or energy41 incur [ ] v. 招致，产生bring upon oneself42 prominent [ ] adj. 卓越的，著名的Having a quality that thrusts itself into attention43 civic [] adj. 公民的Of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals44 thrive [ ] v. 兴旺，旺盛Grow stronger45 irritable [ ] adj. 烦躁的Abnormally sensitive to a stimulus46 reputable [ ] adj. 信誉好的Having a good reputation47 dumb [ ] adj. 笨的Slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity48 evade [ ] v. 躲避Avoid or try to avoid, as of duties, questions and issues49 drop dead 筋疲力尽50 rejoice [ ] v. 使欣喜，高兴Feel happiness or joy51 compliment [ ] n. 称赞 A remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration52 letdown [ ] n. 失落 A feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized53 rivalry [ ] n. 竞争，敌对状态The act of competing as for profit or a prizeText Explanation1 All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time and success of energy and ambition.All of them are elderly now and are exhausted, both physically and mentally, by long years of striving to fulfill theirambition for success.2 They seem…always courteous and mute when they ride with others in the public elevators.They always show good manners and do not say a word when they ride with others in the elevators that all companymembers can use.3 They …make promotions…They … decide who are given higher positions…4 …and allow their names to be used on ann ouncements that are prepared and issued by somebody else.These announcements have to bear their names to be authoritative. Although they do not prepare and issue theseannouncements, they must allow their names to be used on them.5 Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company (not even the people who are credited with running it), but thecompany does run.Even the managers at different levels who are thought to be managing the company don't know who really manages thecompany. This is because their responsiblities are limited. They are also afraid of their superiors. They appear to be runningthe company, but they do not have the final say. Nevertheless, the company goes in working order.6 I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take his time and delay their delivery to people who have animmediate need for them.I will ignore him on most of our assignments and deliver them directly to people who need them. I prefer to do so becauseI do not want to take up his time and delay their delivery.7 Green distrusts me fitfully.Green distrusts me from time to time.8 He truns scarlet with rage and embarrassment if he has not seen or heard of it.His face turns red because of rage and embarrassment. He is extremely angry because the narrator does not showdue repect to him as his boss. He feels embarrassed because it is considered his neglect of duty not to have seen orheard of it.9 They are always on trial…They are always examined to see how well they do…10 The strain, …, to look good on paper; and there is much paper for them to look good on.They work hard…to make their performances look good in written form, even if their performances may not be thatgood in reality. And there are a lot of documents such as records and reports, on which they have to make themselveslook good.11 When they are doing poorly, they are doing terribly.When they are doing badly, that is, when they fail to sell products, they are getting along terribly, that is, they are havinga terrible time.12 When a salesman lands a large order or brings in an important new account…When a salesman obtains a large order of goods from a client or brings in an important new account receivable…13 They are a vigorous, fun-loving bunch when they are not suffering abdominal cramps or brooding miserably about the future.Apart from this physical trouble in digestion, they are also worried about their future. Otherwise they are vigorous, strugglingfor success.14 who he feels has a grudge against him and is determined to wreck his careerwho he feels has resentment against him and is determined to ruin his careers. This reveals the horrible human relationshipin the corporation. People bear ill will against each other.15 that they squander generously on other people in and out of the company.that they are generous in spending money on other people.16 The company, in fact, will pay for their country club membership and all charges they incur there…The company encourages salesmen to establish good relationship with their clients, so it will pay the fees for them to bemembers of country clubs, and pay them back the money they spend there.17 …it is difficult and dangerous for unmarried salesmen to mix socially with prominent executives and their wives orparticipate with them in responsible civic affairs.This is to indicate the danger of possible love affairs between unmarried salesman and the wives of prominent executives.With such a fear, prominent executives don't like to mix socially with unmarried salesmen. Yet prominent executives arethe company's important clients, whom it cannot afford to lose. So the company does not employ unmarried salesmen inorder to avoid such a difficult and dangerous situation.18 They thrive on explicit guidance toward clear objectives.They succeed and become prosperous by following their boss's clearly expressed guidance.19 There must be something in the makeup of a man that enables him not only be a salesman,but to want to be one.A man must have some special character and temperament to want to be a salesman.20 …all that does matter is that the information come form a reputable source.…what is important is that the information should come from a respected source. So long a s the source is reputable,they don't mind whether or not the information suits their individual case.21 They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising it.This satirizes the nature of their work, which is to use some clever ways to cover up reality.22 …in converting whole truths into half truths and half truths into whole ones.…in changing the whole truth into a half truth and changing a half truth into the whole truth. In either case, deception is done.23 I am continuously astonished by people in the company who do fall victim to their own propaganda.This is a satire on the people who are deceived by their own propaganda.to fall victim to something: to become a victim of, or be deceived by something.24 who graduated from a good business school with honors.who graduated from a good business school with special excellence, or at a level higher than the most basic level.This implies that they shouldn't have been deceived since they are intelligent people.25 We goose-step in and goose-step out, change our partners and wander all about, and go back home till we all drop dead."to goose-step" originally means to march without bending the knees.We get inot and out of the company in a seemingly important but actually foolish manner. After work, we go out withpeople from other departments instead of our working partners and stay out late having fun and then go back home tillwe are so tired out as to fall asleep at once. We live like this day after day till we die.26 This makes my boredom worse.This makes me feel even more bored.27 I rejoice with tremendous pride and vanity in the compliments I receiveI feel extremely proud and self-conceited when I receive compliments.28 I began constructing tables of organization…I began making systematic arrangements by way of tables…A table is a list of facts, information, etc. arranged in columns.29 I call these charts my Happiness Charts.Happiness Charts are charts in which one can find happiness. Only when he was arranging these charts could he forgetabout his agony and feel happy.30 These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits…Every time I do these exercises with ill desire to harm others, I feel I am in a much better mood…This is a dark satire on his inability to do anything against those he dislikes.31 to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred meritto those young people the company is not yet an organization that has any important worth. If the company has anyexcellence that is extremely important to them, they will be loyal and stick to the company, instead of taking it as atemporary place to work.32 …he would give you a resounding No!, regardless of what inducem ents were offered.…no matter what incentives might be offered, he would still say loudly that he would not work for the company all his life.33 He makes it clear to me every now and then that…He makes it clear to me from time to time that…every now and then: from time to time 时而，不时He goes shopping with his wife every now and then.34 And I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take up his time…And I will not let him know on most of our assignments in order not to occupy his time…take up one's time: occupy one's time 占用某人的时间You shouldn't take up the manager's time.35 Most of the work we do in my department is, in the long run, trivial.Most of the work we do in my department is of small importance ultimately.in the long run: ultimately 最终地，终极地He will lose money in the longrun.36 They are…, always on the verge of failure…They are always on the border of failure.on the verge of: very close to, on the border of 处于……的边缘The bride was on the verge of committing sucide.37 for fear they may start doing worse.They are afraid that they may start doing worse.for fear: in order that…should not occur 以免…；唯恐...I daren't tell you what he did, for fear he should be angry with me.38 For the most part, they are cheerful, confident and gregarious…In most cases, they are happy, confident and easy-going…for the most part: in most cases, mostly 多半，就绝大部分而言The students could for the most part follow my lecture.For the ost part, she knows her husband well.Lesson Two EvelineWords and Expressions1 air [ ] n. 曲调Melody2 anguish [ ] n. 心灵上的极度痛苦Extreme mental distressHe has been in anguish since his wife died.anguished [ ] adj. 痛苦的PainfulShe was anguished and furious, seeing her father beaten by the soldiers.3 be laid up 病倒在床4 blackthorn [ ] n. 黑刺李 A thorny Eurasian bush with plumlike fruits5 Bohemian [ ] adj. 波希尼亚（人）的Bohemian [ ] n. 波希尼亚（人）6 bonnet [ ] n. 无檐女帽 A hat tied under the chin7 bronze [ ] n. 青铜，青铜色 A sculpture made of bronzebronze [ ] v. 被晒黑Get a tan, form wind or sun 8 Buenos Ayres [ ] n. 布宜诺斯艾利斯（阿根廷首都）9 cinder [ ] n. 煤渣 A fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire10 cretonne [ ] n. 印花装饰布An unglazed heavy fabric; brightly printed11 cripple [ ] n. 跛子，残废的人Someone whose legs are disabledcripple [ ] vt. 使残废，严重地损坏Deprive of the use of a limb, esp. a leg12 elated [ ] adj. 兴高采烈的Exultantly proud and joyful; in high spirits13 elbow one's way 用胳膊肘推挤前进14 fervent [ ] adj. 热切的，强烈的Sincerely or intensely feltThe overseas Chinese have a fervent love for China.fervently [ ] adv. 热烈地，热心地With passionate fervorfervency [ ] n. 热烈，热情Feelings of great warmth and intensityThe football players were moved by fervency of the fans.15 frenzy [ ] n. 狂乱，激动State of violent mental agitationThe old man is always in a frenzy of rage.frenzied [ ] adj. 狂乱的Excessively agitated; transported with rage or other violent emotionLots of Chinese died during the Japanese frenzied aggression.16 go for somebody 袭击某人17 harmonium [ ] n. 风琴18 have an edge on somebody 压过某人19 inhale [ ] vt. 吸入，吸气Draw in by breathingHe went out to inhale fresh air.inhalation[ ] n. 吸入，吸入剂The act of inhalingThe inhalation of gas caused her fall into a coma （昏厥）.inhaler [ ] n. 吸入者，吸入器Produces a chemical vapor to be inhaled in order to relieve nasal congestion20 invariable[ ] adj. 不变的，恒定的Not liable to or capable of changeThe invariable squabble for money with her husband made her decide to divorce.invariably [ ] adv. 不变地，恒定地In an invariable mannerinvariability [ ] n. 不变，不变性The quality of being resistant to variationPlease pay attention to its invariablility.21 keep nix [ ] 警戒22 lass [ ] n. 姑娘Girl23 maze [ ] n. 混乱，迷惑，迷宫Complex system of paths or tunnels24 mournful [ ] adj. 哀伤的，伤感的Expressing sorrowmourn [ ] v. 哀悼，哀痛Fell sadnessPeople mourned for the dead in the war.mourner [ ] n. 哀悼者，送葬者 A person who is grieving over someone who has diedmourning [ ] n. 哀悼，丧服State of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved onePeople in that country expressed their mourning for the king.25 muse [ ] v.&n. 沉思，冥想Think about at length and in depth26 nausea [ ] n. 恶心Disgust so strong it makes you feel sick；sickness27 nostril [ ] n. 鼻孔28 (where, what…) on earth 究竟，到底29 palpitation [ ] n. 心脏砰砰跳动 A rapid and irregular heart beat30 pitiful [ ] adj. 可怜的Inspiring mixed contempt and pity31 porthole [ ] n. 舷窗 A window in a ship or airplane32 quay [] n. 码头Usually built parallel to the shoreline33 quick [ ] n. 感觉敏锐部位，核心Any area of the body that is highly sensitive to pain34 spell [ ] n. 魅力，迷惑力，咒符 A verbal formula believed to have magical force35 squabble [ ] n.&v. 口角，争吵Petty quarrel；Argue over petty thingsShe always squabbles with her husband.squabbler [ ] n. 口角者Someone who quarrelsThe two squabblers became good friends at last.36 strut [ ] vi. 趾高气扬地走To walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others37 the Straits of Magellan 麦哲伦海峡38 tumble [ ] v. 弄乱，摔倒，翻滚Fall down, as if collapsing；Roll over and over, back and forth39 unaccustomed [ ] adj. 不习惯的Not habituated to; unfamiliar with40 undesirable [ ] adj. 令人不快的Not desirable; unpleasant41 unspeakably [ ] adv. 难以形容地Indescribably42 invade [ ] v. 侵略，笼罩To intrude upon,infringe, encroach on, violate43 clack [ ] v.&n. 噼啪响，嘎吱嘎吱响Make a clucking sounds44 priest [ ] n. 神父 A spiritual leader in a non-Christian religion45 consent [ ] v. 同意Give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to46 weary [ ] v. 疲倦，厌倦Exhaust or tire though overuse or great strain or stress47 court [ ] v. 求爱，恋爱Engage in social activities leading to marriage48 chap [ ] n. 家伙，小伙子 A boy or man49 sway [ ] v. 摇摆，摇动Move back and forth, like a ship50 illumine [ ] v. 照亮Make lighter or brighter51 clang [ ] v. 叮当地响Make a loud noise, as if striking metalText Explanation1 She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.It doesn't mean that she would still cry a little. The meaning is negative, indicating she would not feel sorry or sad to leave the Stroes.2 People would treat her with respect then.In those days a married woman was more worthy of respect than an unmarried woman.3 …and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake.But for the sake of her dead mother, he said he would beat her.…并且说，要不是看在她死去的母亲的份上，看他会怎么对付她。

高级英语期末复习资料Lesson 1Paraphrase1.We are elevated 23 feet.(Para.3)2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.(Para.3)3.We can batten down and ride it out.(Para.4)4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.(Para4)5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!(Para.11)6.The electrical systems had been killed by waters.(Para.11)7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.(Para.17)8.Get us through this mess, will You?(Para.17)9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.(Para.21)10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.(Para.34)参考答案11.We’re 23 feet above sea level.12.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.13.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.14.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights alsowent out.15.Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.16.The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.17.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilty becausehe blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.18.Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.19.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer andstopped.20.Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings causedby the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly.Translation( E→C)1.但是，和住在沿岸的其他成千上万的居民一样，约翰不愿舍弃家园，除非他的家人－妻子珍妮丝和他们的七个孩子，大的11岁，小的才3岁－明显处于危险之中。