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Lessson 1 face to face with hurricane Camille Ⅰ.paraphrase1.We' re 23 feet above sea level.2.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has evercaused any damage to it.3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive thehurricane without much damage.4.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producingelectricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6.The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt astrong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voicegradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by thenervous tension caused by the hurricane.ⅡTranslation1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。
00600《高级英语》复习资料重要词组总汇In return 作为(对某物)得付款或回报What do we give them in return、Conceive of 想像、认为I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies、 Who never conceived of us billiondollar Babies(俚语:人)。
对于那些认为我们从不会成为腰缠万贯得巨富得先生与女士们,我们总就是暗自嘲笑她们。
Scores of 很多Scores of young people、Strike sb、 as … 给某人留下印象make an impression on sbThese conclusion strike me as reasonable、我认为她们得话就是合情合理得Drop out 脱离传统社会Ever since 自从In hopes of 怀着…希望Ever since civilization began, certain individuals(人) have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler, more pastoral田园得, and more peaceful lifeSupport oneself 自食其力Run out of 没有,用完,耗尽Our planet is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes、我们地球上高尚得野蛮人与未玷污得地方越来越少the other way (round) 相反e off 成功These are the ones whose revolutions did not e off、In need of 需要It dawns on a familiar, workaday place,still in need ofgroceries and sewage disposal、它洒在一个司空见惯,平凡庸碌得地方,一个仍然无法摆脱食品杂货,污水处理得地方。
The Tale of Albert Einstein’s “Greatest Blunder”By Neil deGrasse TysonConsolidation WorkI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. transient2. repulsive3. embarrassed4. seethe with5. asserted6. blunders7. tantamount to8. work out9. elbow their way 10. permeated 11. Embedded 12. convincing 13. part and parcel 14. in effect 15. scrutinyII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1. elliptical2. provocation3. noticeably4. predictive; predict5. Cosmology; cosmologists6. specialization7. distorted8. eternal9. reconciliation 10. unassailableIII. Paraphrase the following sentences taken from the text.1.It is Albert Einstein’s theory that has caused these ideas to appear in 20th-centuryphysics, and these ideas are equally difficult to understand.2.Every few years, scientists who test phenomena with lab equipment makeexperiments that are more and more accurate to test Albert Einstein’s theory of General Relativity, but they only turn out to go beyond the limits of its accuracy (turn out to increase its accuracy).3.Most scientific models are only inadequate ones that are not well planned orconsidered, and the factors or limits that these models establish can be slightly changed/altered to make these models match the universe that has been known to man.4.From time to time in the past years, theorists would pick up again and reexaminelambda which was more commonly known as the “cosmological constant”and had been rejected as one of the theories that were not believed to be true.5.When physicists reused lambda and put it back in Einstein’s original equations forgeneral relativity, the actual universe that people knew agreed with the model universe that Einstein’s equations described (what the universe actually was agreed with what Einstein’s equations described it to be).6.“Dark Energy” beat the other names and was adopted as the right term and thisterm itself very well expresses our ignorance of what that energy is or what produces this energy.7.Dark energy isn’t something that has got no theory to support it.IV. Test your general knowledge.1．For his work in theoretical physics, notably on the _____________, Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.A. general relativityB. special relativityC. photoelectric effectD. cosmological constant2. In 1916 he completed his mathematical formulation of a general theory of relativity that included ___________ as a determiner of the curvature of a space-time continuum.A. gravitationB. anti-gravitationC. dark energyD. cosmological constant3. Which of the following statements about Albert Einstein is true? ___________A. After Hitler’s rise to power, Einstein left Germany and worked from 1934 inUSA. On October 1, 1940, Einstein became an American citizen. He remained both an American and a Swiss citizen until his death on April 18, 1955.B. In 1939, Einstein sent a letter to President Truman urging the study of nuclearfission for military purposes, under fears that the Nazi government would be first to develop nuclear weapons.C. In addition to the theory of relativity, Einstein is also known for hiscontributions to the development of the atomic bomb.D. Einstein spent the later part of his life attempting to establish a merger betweenunified field theory and his general theory of relativity.4. Which of the following statements is not the idea belonging to the big-bang theory?____________A. At the beginning of time, all of the matter and energy in the universe wasconcentrated in a very dense state, from which it exploded, with the resulting expansion continuing until the present.B. The big bang is dated between 10 and 20 billion years ago.C. In the initial state, the universe was very hot and contained a thermal soup ofquarks, electrons, photons, and other elementary particles.D. The universe has always expanded, with no beginning or end, at a uniform rateand it always will expand and maintain a constant density.5. Newton’s apple is a popular story claiming that Newton was inspired to formulate his ______________ by the fall of an apple from a tree.A. laws of motionB. theory of universal gravitationC. conservation of momentumD. development of calculus6. The solar system comprises the Sun and the retinue of celestial objectsgravitationally bound to it: currently there are officially ___________ and their 165 known moons, as well as asteroids, meteoroids, planetoids, comets, and interplanetary dust.A. nine starsB. eight starsC. nine planetsD. eight planets7. Which theory concluded that the expansion of the universe is approximatelyuniform and the greater the distance between any two galaxies, the greater their relative speed of separation? ____________A. The Big-Bang theoryB. The Big-Rip theoryC. The Steady-State theoryD. Hubble’s Law8. At the end of the 20th century, the study of very distant supernovas led to the belief that the cosmic expansion was accelerating. To explain this cosmologists postulated a repulsive force, ____________, which counteracts gravity and pushes galaxies apart.A. black holeB. dark energyC. universal constantD. cosmic force9. Stephen Hawking showed that if the general theory of relativity was correct the universe must have a __________, or starting point, in space-time.A.singularityB.black holeC.dark matterD.boundary10. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ___________A. According to Einstein’s special theory of relativity, which is a geometricinterpretation of gravitation, matter produces gravitational effects by actually distorting the space about it.B. In 1687, Newton used the Latin word gravitas (weight) for the force that wouldbecome known as gravity, and defined the law of universal gravitation.C. Edwin Hubble, American astronomer, was the first to offer observationalevidence to support the theory of the expanding universe.D. In 1971 Hawking, British theoretical physicist,provided mathematical supportfor the big-bang theory of the origin of the universe.11. The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way. It is shaped approximatelylike__________.A. a round ballB. a doughnutC. a pretzelD. a flat spiral12. Unlike most other fish, sharks have no __________.A. bonesB. teethC. gillsD. liver13. Alexander Graham Bell is best known for inventing the telephone, but he was aman of many interests. Another product for which he received patents was__________.A. a cement-burning kilnB. a hydrofoil boatC. a “magic lantern” projectorD. a vacuum cleaner14. It is now believed that dinosaurs became extinct because of __________.A. viral diseasesB. hunting by early humansC. a worldwide period of climatic coolingD. a meteorite impact15. Kinetic energy is __________.A. life energy, possessed only by living organismsB. only important at subatomic distancesC. energy of movementD. a rare form of energy sometimes observed in deep space1-5 CAADB 6-10 DDBAA 11-15 DABDC11 D The Milky Way has four spiral arms radiating out from a central cluster of starsor "nucleus". Our solar system is located on one of the spiral arms, quite far from the center.12. A A shark’s skeleton is made of cartilage, a material somewhat softer and m oreflexible than bone.13. B In later life, while living in Canada, Bell worked with Casey Baldwin todevelop a practical hydrofoil watercraft. In 1919, his HD-4 craft set a world marine speed record of over 70 miles (110 km) per hour that stood for ten years.14. D A large meteorite is thought to have collided with the earth at the end of theCretaceous period, some 65 million years ago. It probably struck near Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. The extinctions were caused by climate changes resulting from the collision.15. C Anything that moves has kinetic energy. In a collision between objects, kineticenergy is transferred from one object to the other.V. Proofread the following passage.As scientific advances bring cloning out of the realm ofscience fiction and into the domain of medical reality, concernis growing ^ what the possible implications will be. Many fear that 1. aboutit could have disastrous consequences. Will experiments gone awryresult to deformed human beings? Will people replicate themselves 2. infor egomaniacal reasons? Will the concept of human identitydrastically change? “Life is a creation, not a commodity,” PresidentBush argued last month in a speech before Congress, and as for such, 3. forhe emphasized, it should not be manufactured through cloningas though it was some kind of specialty goods. 4. were But many also argue that an important distinction needs to berecognized between “reproductive cloning,” in which the goal isthe creation of a full-fledged human being, and “therapeutic cloning,”in which the goal is the creation of a several-day-old embryo ^ which 5. from undifferentiated stem cells can be harvested and potentially used tocure a variety of devastated diseases. Those who believe that human 6. devastating life begins with the very existence of an embryo cannot countenancea procedure that involves an embryo's creation and destruction, evenon a very early stage. But those who believe that human life does not 7. at begin at least when an embryo's cells have begun to differentiate 8. until themselves into distinctly human tissue feel that prohibiting such 9. tissues research—which could save the lives of many people for cancer, 10. with diabetes, heart disease, and other illnesses—would in itself bereprehensible and disrespectful of human life.You Are What You SayI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1.faux-pas2.is built into3.endearment4.leeway5.corroboration6.paraphrasable7.idiosyncrasy/idiosyncrasies8.consummate9.girl Friday10.frivolity11.apt to12.pejoratively13.show up14.assertive15.undermineII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1.inadequacy2.engagement3.assert4.confirmation5.subliminal6.address7.immature8.pursuit, pursuit/pursuance9.originality, original10.fussyIII. Paraphrase.1. As I know, there is no evidence which can prove that women can distinguish more colors than men do.I can’t prove that women can see more col ors than men do.2. By using a tag question, a speaker is able to avoid being certain so that he can prevent himself from arguing or quarreling or disagreeing with the listener.3. As far as I know, the typical sentence-intonation pattern which is used almost only by women turns a positive answer into a question.4. An order/ A command that has been made clear by the speaker means a threatening consequence if it is not followed/obeyed. And it also means that the speaker is in a higher position and thuscan impose the order on the listener, which is more impolite.5. Using requests to express wishes, on the other hand, a speaker means that only he / the speaker will take the consequences if the listener doesn’t grant / carry out the request.By expressing wishes through making requests (as the speaker requests the listener to do him a favor, the speaker means that he himself will take the consequences if the listener doesn’t do him the favor.IV. Test your general knowledge.1. B.2. A3. A4. C5. D6. C. 7A 8.B. 9. B 10. C 11. D. 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. AV. Proofread the following passage.1. avoid→to avoid2. points→points out3. his→her4. a→the5. at→as6. with→without7. much→much more8. are→is9. were→are10. are→isThe World of DoublespeakI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. circumvent2. ambushed3. revenue4. inflate5. dividend6. shorthand7. theft8. laid off9. at variance with10. subject-matter11. preemptive12. cover up13. cynicism14. fall on15. subject toII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in theblanks.1.insight2.distaste3.grieve4.deprivation5.enhance6.co-operative7.legitimate8.hostility9.assembling10.profundityIII. Paraphrase.1.Doublespeak is language that protects the speaker from taking responsibility (being sure ofwhat he is saying) and it is language that is different from its real or intended / supposed meaning (from what it really refers to).2.But a euphemism can also be a skillful / clever word or phrase. Using this word or phrase, thespeaker can avoid directly talking about something serious or unpleasant. Or the speaker uses this word or phrase because he/she is considerate of what someone else feels (because he/she doesn’t want to hurt someone else’s feelings) or because he/she doesn’t want to directly talking about something that is forbidden by a social / cultural custom (something that is not supposed to be mentioned directly in some societies or cultures).3.For example, when talking about property that is stolen, destroyed in an accident, or takenover for public use, lawyers refer to it as property that is transferred against the owner’s will.4.It is a difficult problem to find the specific, right time to stop the rapid increase in riskpremiums caused by falling incomes and at the same time not to end too early / in advance the fall / drop / decrease in the risk premiums caused by inflation.5.If we really think that we understand doublespeak and that doublespeak expresses andpromotes clear thought, then we will fall victim to a world described in George Orwell’s 1984, in which language controls everything (in which the totalitarian political regime controls everything through language).IV. Test your general knowledge.1. D2. A3. C4. B5. B6. A7. D8. C9. B10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. BV. Proofread the following passage.1. bring→brings2. has large→has a large3. grip→gripping4. by→through5. through→by6. all→every7. lying→lies8. call→calls9. instead→instead of10. with→with aPair WordsThe World of DoublespeakPlain Terms DoublespeakThe Cost of Starting Families FirstI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary.1. make ends meet2. perk3. cut back on4. unencumbered5. conundrum6. sabbatical7. intangible8. time off9. way 10. skimp on11. put … on hold12. stuck on 13. thrived 14. fledgling 15. ended upII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.1. accomplish2. matures3. inseparable4. expenses5. pregnant6. elevator7. ease8. scarcity9. administration 10 maintenanceIII. Paraphrase.1.Besides the happy / pleasant pictures of babies learning to walk and ride bikes and of collegegraduation ceremonies on which parents feel happy and moved into tears, being parents means having to keep making sacrifices, spending money raising children and thinking over the losses and gains of doing like that.Parents may have great times seeing their babies learning to walk and ride bikes, and they may feel happy to see their children finish college and be moved into tears, but being parents also means. . . .It may be a great moment or pleasure for parents to see their babies learning to walk and ride bikes and to see in excitement and tears their grown-up children graduated from college, but being parents also means. . . .2.There is no doubt that you will have to spend a lot of money and the most part of your life andenergy raising children, and at least many women will have to give up their careers to have children first.3.She will not have had enough time to develop her career, so she will have to start her familyand raise a child while she begins to develop her career or she will have to give up her beginning career first in order to raise a child and return years later to start from the very beginning work / position after her school friends who do not have children have had better work / positions. (clock指上班考勤、打卡上班，clock few years意思是上班打卡打不了几年，即没有多少时间搞事业；nurture a new life指养育新生命，即成家养孩子；nurture a fledgling career指发展刚刚起步的事业；entry-level work指刚起步时的初级工作或初级职位)4.Many parents who are in their 20’s can take the responsibility of raising children easily or canadapt themselves to parenthood easily (It can be easy for many parents to take the responsibility of raising children / to adapt themselves to parenthood), but others feel that they are not old / mature enough to raise children, and the sudden responsibility of raising children can put their marriages in danger / crisis (can cause their marriages to break up or can cause them to end up in divorce).5.The husband has to overwork himself to cover all the expenses of the family, so that he willnot have enough time to spend with his children and wife and he will be estranged from hiswife (he will not be as intimate with his wife as before; his relationship with his wife will not be as intimate as before).IV. Test your general knowledge.1. B2. A3. A4. C.5. C6. D7. C8. A9. B 10. A11. D 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. DV. Proofread the following passage.The majority of tribal and peasant societies in the past have had an “elementary” marriage system in Levi-Straussian term. That is to say,marriage was not based on individual but ^ group choice and was 1. on determined by birth status, in other words kinship position. Marriagehas characteristically occurred at a very early age for women andmaximum fertility is aimed for. This very highly fertility was balancedby heavy mortality, either perennial or in periodic crises, often 2. perennially triggered by war. Thus the checks were mainly of a positive kind,acting through the biology of disease or starvation. In thisdemographic world, man was on the mercy of the environment. 3. at There were periods of disturbance of the balance with rapid populationgrowth for short periods before the positive checks operate again. 4. operated When the situation now in Europe is compared with that in the greathistoric civilizations of India, China, Egypt or much of Europe upto the end of the eighteenth century, ^ is clear that a revolution has 5. it occurred. The demographic pattern is entirely different and so is themating pattern. How and why this transformation occurred has important implications for the origins in industrialization and the current 6. of demographic patterns in the Third World. The study of mating patternsin the past has been transformed over the last twenty or so years by the applications of new method and the discovery of new materials. 7. methods Historical materials concerning marriages, births and deaths areextremely difficult to use and for a long time it seemed unlikely thatmuch could be learnt in the detail concerning such intimate matters before 8. the the nineteenth century. The work of historical demographers, particularlyin France and England, has changed the situation. Applying the methodof“family reconstitution”, that is the linking of baptisms, marriages andburials, to the registers, and combining these with listings of inhabitantsand other documents, have provided a new picture of the emergence of 9. has that unique west European marriage pattern, to which Hajnal drewattention some twenty years ago. This study concentrate on the English 10. concentrates phenomenon, for it was in England that it was shown in its mostextreme and most precocious form.。
第一课Paraphrase: 1. We are now 23 feet above the sea level. 2. The house was built in 1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can make careful preparations and come through it. 4. Water got into the generator. It stopped working. So the lights were put out. 5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems had been watered and stopped working. 7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Oh God, please help us overcome this storm. 9. She sang a few words alone and then she stopped. 10. Later on, Janis .showed a sign of suffering Translation (C-E) 1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant plant in in in their their their neighborhood neighborhood neighborhood because because because they they they were were were deeply deeply deeply concerned concerned concerned about about about the the the plant’s plant’s emissions polluting the air. 3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan. 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish. 6. 6. To To To make make make space space space for for for modern modern modern high high high rises, rises, rises, many many many ancient ancient ancient buildings buildings buildings with with with ethnic ethnic cultural features had to be demolished. 7. 7. In In In the the the earthquake earthquake earthquake the the the main main main structures structures structures of of of most most most of of of the the the poor-quality poor-quality poor-quality houses houses disintegrated. 8. His wonderful dream vanished into the air despite his hard efforts to achieve his goals. 1、但是，和住在沿海的其他成千上万的居民一样，约翰不愿舍弃家园，除非他的家人---妻子珍妮丝和他们的七个孩子，大的11岁，小的才3岁---明显处于危险之中。
高级英语考试重点复习资料高级英语复习资料一, 单词preoccupation ( n.) :a matter which takes up an one's attention令人全神贯注的事物oblivious ( adj.) :forgetful or unmindful(usually with of or to)忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用)gigantic ( adj.) :very big；huge；colossal；immense巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的heave (v．) :utter(a sign，groan，etc．)with great effort or pain(费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等)arresting (adj.) :attracting attention；interesting；striking引人注目的；有趣的slay ( v.) :(slew或slayed, slain，slaying)kill or destroy in a violent way杀害；毁掉linger ( v．) :continue to live or exist although very close to death or the end苟延；历久犹存agony ( n.) :very great mental or physical pain(精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦demolish ( v．) :pull down，tear down，or smash to pieces 拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏humiliate ( v．) :hurt the pride or dignity of by causing to be or seem foolish or contemptible使受辱，使丢脸totter ( v.) :be unsteady on one's feet；stagger蹒跚而行lame (adj. ) :crippled；disabled；esp. having an injured leg or foot that makes one limp瘸的；残废的shuffle ( n.) :a slow dragging walk拖着脚走flicker ( v．) :move with a quick，light，wavering motion摇曳，摇动；晃动recompose ( v. ) : restore to composure使恢复镇静hug ( v．) :hold(someone)tightly in the arms搂抱；紧抱peek ( v．) :glance or look quickly and furtively，esp. through an opening or from behind something(尤指从缝隙或隐蔽处)偷看；窥视stoop ( v．) :bend(the head and shoulders)forwards and down屈身；弯腰scrap ( n.) :a small piece；bit；fragment；shred小片；碎片slam ( v．) :shut or allow to shut with force and noise使劲关(门等)；砰地(把门等)关上scrape ( v．) :(cause to)rub roughly(使)磨擦indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的devoid ( adj.) :completely without；empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of)ferocious ( adj.) :fierce；savage；violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see，hear etc．；very ugly or revolting；dreadful骇人听闻的；非常丑陋的；可怕的swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移动的)大群，大堆vestige ( n.) :a trace，mark，or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared残迹；遗迹；痕迹catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity，disaster，or misfortune骤然而来的大灾难；灾祸；祸患prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc．；preliminary part；preface；opening序言；序幕orator ( n.) :a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家erupt ( v．) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U．S．Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)indict ( v．) :accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉attorney ( n.) :．any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人denounce ( v．) :condemn strongly as evil谴责，指责，痛斥adjourn ( v. ) :close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，闭会；延期repel ( v．) :drive or force back；hold or ward off击退；抵挡住fervent ( adj.) :having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的二，翻译I. 同义句。
Word-formation ExercisesFill in the blanks of the following sentences with the right form of the words given in the brackets.1. A sensible_ (sense) girl seldom acts irrationally.2.The decision could be ruinous (ruin). We must do all we can to change it.3.The candidate spoke in a bombing (bomb) way of all that he would do if elected.4.His security assured (assure), he promised to carry out the dangerous task.5.The _doting_ (dote) mother bought whatever the kid wanted.6.Nancy Lee was the first woman publisher and founder of one of the city’s leading(lead) newspapers in that country.7.His uncomprising (cornprise) look told us that there could be no reconciliationbetween him and his opponent.8.She bears resemblance (resemble) to her mother.9.The training includes leadership; cooperative skills and communication(communicate) abilities.10.The oppressive (oppress) weather made me depressed.11.The war caused devastating (devastate) effects.12.Her boss is such a perfectionist (perfect) who constantly sets higher standards forhis employees.itary success outside the country has brought about business renewal (renew)at home.14.He gave me an assurance (assure) that the document would be ready by Friday.15.What is the prevailing (prevail) reaction of the people to the raised taxes?16.In anticipation (anticipate) of bad weather they took plenty of warm clothes.17.The decision could be irremediable(remedy), so we must do all we can to changeit.18.What a _loathsome_ (loath) creature he is!19.She moved away with the same _relaxed__ (relax) and quiet step to the stairs.20.__Failure__ (fail) in one examination should not stop you trying again.21.As I looked at the vivid animal paper cuts, I could not help marveling at theingenuity (ingenious) of the woman paper cutter.22.Don’t buy his story as he’s never a _reliable__ (rely) source of information.23.The successful implement of the plan brought them great _gratification_ (gratify).24.There came the unmistakable (mistake) voice of Rebecca who I had known forover ten years.25.The boss shook his head to show _disapproval__ (approve) though he didn’t uttera word.26.The old lady lives in great solitude as her son only visits her __occasionally_(occasion) during a year.27.She rationalizes (rational) her decision to abandon her baby by saying she couldnot afford to keep it.28.I’ve had a similar unhappy experience myself, so I can well _sympathize_(sympathy) with you.29.The wife has got tired of the life with such an utter drunkard (drink)for long.30.He’s been acting rather suspiciously (suspect) these days, which made, hisgirlfriend alarmed.PARAPHRASING1.She felt that the anticipation and preparation for a journey was onlyexceeded by its actual beginning.The process of preparing a journey is so exciting that it can only be exceeded by the real start.2. The knowledge that they all shared the same sense of immediacyseemed to bring them close together.As soon as they found out that they had the same anticipation, they felt close.3. Mrs.Taylor was glad she had been able to get well up in the queue at the gates.Mrs.T aylor was pleased that she was able to be in a good place of the queue.4. And even Roy began to be caught up in the general feeling of optimism that prevailed in the studio.Even Roy was influenced by the optimism that dominated the studio.5. Vistors are usually impressed by the near-fanatical neatness of the place,as well they should be.More often than not, bisitors have a deep impression of the neatness of the Disneyland as they are suppose to be.6. In doing it he drew on all kinds of resources that no other city planner had ever before considered seriously,if at all.He made the best use of all the materials that other city planner, if they tried, never thought of seriously before.7. Human nature is so well disposed towards those who are in interesting situations.Human beings tend to be interested in those people who are experiencing something special.8. The next paragraph reveals how the gossip about Miss Hawkins anticipates her arrival.The next paragraph shows that how the gossip preludes her arrival.9. He was very proud of his own achievement and frequently held up his own example to others.He thinks highly of his accomplishments and after sets his example to others.10. The trees were ragged mounds of glistening brow.The trees were glistening and edged with amounts of heaped locusts.11.Y ou should attack the locusts at the source Hoppers in short.Y ou should nip in the bud. To put it briefly, short, they are hoppers.12. The family peace was not broken by the scratching of a pen.The peaceful family life was not disturbed or interrupted byuse of a pen.13. It was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviewsThe Angle in the House would always appear as a nuisance wheneverI trued to put pen to paper.14.Those aims cannot be taken for granted;they must be perpetually questioned and examined.Those goals should not be treated as unimportant; they should be put under a constant observation and scrutiny.Synonyms(同义)Gloomy(阴暗的, 忧郁的)- bleak, joylessStuffy (窒息的)- suffocatingSkimpy(吝啬的) - scantyInconsequential(不合理的)- insignificantSolace(安慰)- relaxationImposing(壮观的) - forcefulImpeccable(无懈可击的) - perfect,Shabby(邋遢的)- untidy, raggedAccuse(指控)- chargeDeride(嘲笑)- ridiculeCapitulate(投降)- surrenderSententious(简洁的)- tacitIncongruous(不合适的)- inconsistentMuddled(混乱的)- mingledAmiable(和蔼可亲的)- friendlyAdequately(适当地)- sufficientlyDespise(鄙视)- look down upon, deride Haggard(憔悴的)-tired, wearyDevastated(身心交瘁的)- destroyedBare(空的)- barrenExasperating(使人恼怒的)- irritating, annoying Swarm(大量)- throngShudder(发抖)- throb, chillEliminate(排除)- erase, castPerpetual(永久的)- abiding, interminable Acute(尖锐的;敏锐的)- sharp, fierce Prejudice(偏见,歧视)- brasLethargy(不活泼;无生气)- disinterest Torment(痛苦;苦恼)-agonizeAntonyms（反义）Reverence（敬爱,崇敬;敬畏）-unitedBoard（上(船、车、飞机等) - get offClasp（紧抱;紧握）- unclaspReverence（敬爱,崇敬;敬畏）- derision Vintage（古色古香的;古老的）- fashionable Dubious（未定的;无把握的）- certainBlasé（玩厌了的）- interestedSophisticated（富有经验的;精通的）- innocentPainstaking(勤勉的,刻苦的,不辞辛劳的)- carelessV eto（反对）- agreeAmiable（和蔼可亲的;厚道的）- disagreeableAdequately(适当地)- inadequatelyVulgarity(粗俗;粗野的动作)- finenessAmbiguity(模棱两可的话)- clearnessClumsiness(笨拙)- tidinessDespise(鄙视;看不起)- admireLoathsome(令人讨厌的,令人憎恶的)- disgustingSleek(光滑的,柔滑的)- dullDisgust(厌恶,憎恶)- respectFictitious(虚构的;非真实的)- factualCivil(文明的)- rudeSeverity(严格;严厉;严肃)- friendlinessObey(服从;听从;执行;遵守)- disobey中译英1.将军实际上被软禁在家，他以国画书法为寄托，在水墨中找到了平静和安慰。
Thud砰的一声；重击pound , develConducive有益的；有助于…的beneficial , helpful , useful , advantageous , profitableListless倦怠的；无精打采的；百无聊赖的languid , downheartedArray数组，阵列；排列，列阵；大批，一系列；衣服series of , clothes , thread , garment , ranging dress oneself , rank , formDodge躲避，避开subterfuge escape , stay away from avoid , shunDisparate不同的；不相干的；全异的different , diverse , unlike , varying , anotherObsession痴迷；困扰；[内科][心理] 强迫观念besetment , obsessive ideaZany myopia滑稽的是Scant and skimpy缺乏和不足Scoutmasterish搜索，侦察；侦察员；侦察机searching , scanningRegimen养生法；生活规则；政体；支配government , disposal , rulingHounded狩猎；追捕huntedCult祭仪（尤其指宗教上的）；礼拜；狂热信徒church , exercise , worshipCharismatic超凡魅力的；神赐能力的Resurgence复活；再现；再起resurgeUnreconciled to不甘Hunch耸肩；预感到；弯腰驼背bulk , anticipation shrug bunch , move forwardStratosphere同温层；最上层；最高阶段isothermal layerSquander浪费lose , spend , waste on , trifle away , fiddle away waste on , trifle away waste , dissipation , extravagancyRecycle使再循环；使…重新利用regeneration , breeding , rebirthGaunt憔悴的；荒凉的；枯瘦的wild , desertGodly神圣的；对神敬虔的sacred , divine , blessedIniquity邪恶；不公正evil , wrong , wickednessEternal永恒的；不朽的permanent , lasting , everlasting , undying , timelessHawk兜售，沿街叫卖；捕捉；咳出清嗓；咳嗽；像鹰一般地袭击鹰；鹰派成员；掠夺他人的人tout , cough up have a cough eagleImpend迫近；即将发生close inCounsel法律顾问；忠告；商议；讨论；决策advice , discussion agree to sb , make suggestions Flapper苍蝇拍；轻佻女子；刚学飞的小禽flyswatter , swatterPious虔诚的；敬神的；可嘉的；尽责的religious , goodPiety虔诚；孝敬；虔诚的行为或语言godliness , religiosityRustic乡村的；纯朴的；粗野的；手工粗糙的robust , gross , rough , country , bush peasant , provincial , countrymanBallyhoo大肆宣传；大吹大擂hype , blurb crow one's head offSlur at拖着脚走在Throng人群；众多群集；挤满crowd , mass burst at the seams , be packed with host , pack crowded , jammedAgnostic不可知论者nescient know nothing , skepticalFrazzled疲惫的；穿破了的exhausted , worn to a frazzleIgnoramus不学无术的人；无知的人idiotesAtheist无神论者antitheist , zendicOrdeal折磨；严酷的考验；痛苦的经验illusage , tortureTestimony [法] 证词，证言；证据proof , witnessTechnicality学术性；专门性；术语，专门语expertness , jargonWithout reserve无保留地without reservationV oid of interest 缺乏乐趣Dimple酒窝；涟漪；浅凹wimple Sparkling Raindrops , lipper wimpleMajestic庄严的；宏伟的grand , magnificent , solemn , sacred , nobleConspicuous显著的；显而易见的obvious , prominent , marked , noted , outstandingOpal猫眼石，蛋白石；乳白玻璃cat's-eyeRuddy flush红而润泽Radiate辐射；传播；流露；发射；广播release , send , broadcast , beam , project shine on , light emission spokewiseRuffled trail折边小道Bewitched家有仙妻possessed , spellboundRapture兴高采烈elation , gaietyWrought锻造的；加工的；精细的detailed , subtle laboredSlick光滑的；华而不实的；聪明的；熟练的；老套的intelligent , experienced , smooth , skilled , wise smoother , soother flexibly , agilely sleekStreak飞跑，疾驶；加上条纹tendency , liability , trend , preference , disposition drive tear away Etymologically语源上Registered注册的；记名的；登记过的inscribedBy virtue of由于，凭借from , through , in virtue ofFortuitous偶然的，意外的；幸运的sudden , unexpected , occasionalContingent因情况而异的；不一定的；偶然发生的occurrent , chancy happenchance , detachment Inscrutable神秘的；不可理解的；不能预测的；不可思议的mysterious , magicWield使用；行使；挥舞make use of , fashion , employ , exerciseElusive难懂的；易忘的；逃避的；难捉摸的complicated , abstruseThrust插入；用向某人刺去；猛然或用力推pushing force , spine build in , plug in intervene , build in Through thick and thin不畏艰险；在任何情况下through fair and foulStoic坚忍的，苦修的；斯多葛派的；禁欲主义的impassiveIncarnation化身；道成肉身；典型picture , model , representative , pink , embodimentTruculent好斗的；野蛮的；言词刻毒的wild , aggressiveOverbear压服；克服surmount , rise abovePronto很快地quickly , rapidly , swiftlySelf-transcendence自我超越Expedite加快；促进；发出畅通的；迅速的；方便的facilitate , promote , boost , further convenient , rapid , fast , forward , readyDisclosure [审计] 披露；揭发；被揭发出来的事情lay bare , showupOvertly明显地；公开地，公然地obviously , clearly , broadly , publicly , in publicSystemic系统的；全身的；体系的scientific , full-lengthInherent固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的internal , native , intrinsic , immanentEgalitarianism平等主义，[经] 平均主义equalitarianismNon-rationality 非理性Ambivalence [心理] 矛盾情绪；正反感情并存Virulent剧毒的；恶性的；有恶意的malignant , perniciousScreening process筛选工序；过虑程式Normative规范的，标准的standard , prescriptiveSchizophrenia [内科] 精神分裂症Panacea帕那刻亚（古希腊医药女神catholicon , elixirPalliative缓和的；掩饰的；可斟酌的explanation , exculpation relaxative , aneticBenign良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的nice , friendly , sweet , kindStrain张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘tension , burden , weight tauten , take pains abuse , tighten up Impulse冲动；[电子] 脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力stimulus , pulse , incentive , excitement , needle drive , force , impelReflex反射；反映；映像；回复；习惯性思维feedback , mapping catoptric , repercussivePsyche赛克soul , kaPropensity倾向，习性；癖好，偏爱tendency , liability , behaviour , trend , habitRepression抑制，[心理] 压抑；镇压checking , control , restraint , suppression , inhibitionConfront面对；遭遇；比较front , compareCompulsion强制；强迫；强制力enforcement , constraint , coercionMalignant恶性的；有害的；有恶意的harmful , evilBoisterous喧闹的；狂暴的；猛烈的fierce , angry , violent , hardUnremitting不懈的；不间断的；坚忍的ongoing , uninterruptedDespotism专制，独裁；专制政治autarchy , dictatureLineaments轮廓outlines , contoursUndepraved堕落的；腐化的；卑鄙的（反义词）Retribution报应；惩罚；报答；报偿punishment , rod , payment , discipline , rewardObliviousness健忘；不注意absence , poor memoryInsurrection暴动；叛乱rebellion , sedition第一单元Happiness 翻译No other country in the world has worked the notion of happiness into its Constitution the every source of its national authority, the way the founding fathers of the United States of America chose to do when they linked the pursuit of happiness with life and with liberty as a trio of utterly inalienable rights.世界上没有其他国家像美国这样将幸福的概念编入国家立法之本的宪法中。
Part I单词考查范围Lesson 9The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas1.rigging (n.) : tackle, esp. the chains, ropes, etc., used for supporting and working in the masts, sails, yards,etc．, of a vessel索具decorous (adj.) : characterized by or showing decorum, propriety, good taste, etc．有礼貌的, 正派的; 有教养的, 高雅的mauve (n.) : any of several shades or delicate purple淡紫色tambourine (n.) : a shallow, single-headed hand drum having jingling metal disks in the rim(鼓框周围装有金属片的)铃鼓; 小手鼓dodge (v.) : move or twist quickly aside; shift suddenly, as to avoid a blow闪开, 躲闪,躲避lithe (adj.) : bending easily; flexible; supple; limber; lissome柔软的; 易弯曲的gear (n.) : a harness马具, 挽具halter (n.) : a rope, cord, strap, etc．, usually with a headstall．for tying or leading an animal; a bitless headstall, with or without a lead rope缰绳; (马)笼头mane (n.) : the long hair growing from the top or sides of the neck of certain animals, as the horse, lion, etc．(马、狮等的)鬃毛braid (v.) : interweave three or more strands of(hair, straw, etc．)编织(毛发、草等) nostril(n.) : either of the external openings of the nose鼻孔prance (v.) :(said of a horse)rise up on the hind legs in a lively way,esp.while moving along(马)后足立地腾跃archaic (adj.) : antiquated; old-fashioned; ancient陈旧的, 过时的, 老式的; 古代的stallion (n.) : an uncastrated male horse, esp. one used as a stud未经阉割的雄马(尤指种马) barbarian (n.) : member of a people or group with a civilization regarded as primitive, savag, etc．原始人, 野蛮人, 未开化的人dulcet (adj.) : sweet-sounding; pleasant; calming悦耳的; 好看的; 使人感到舒服的utopian (n.) : a person who believes m a utopia, esp. of a social or political nature; visionary空想家; 空想社会主义者treason (n.) : betrayal of trust or faith; betrayal of one's country背信弃义; 判国行为; 通敌banal (adj.) : dull or stale as because of overuse; trite; hackneyed; commonplace陈腐的; 平庸的; 老一套的／banality n. exuberance (n.) : the state or quality of being exuberant; great abundance; luxuriance繁茂; 茂盛; 丰富, 充裕puritanical (adj.) : of the Puritans; extremely or excessively strict In matters of morals and religion清教徒的; 宗教(或道德上)极端拘谨的languor (n.) : a lack of vigor or vitality; weakness：indifference; lethargy倦怠; 衰弱无力; 漠不关心arcane (adj.) : hidden or secret深奥的; 秘密的; 神秘的magnanimous (adj.) : noble in mind; high-souled：generous in overlooking injury or insult; rising above pettiness or meanness宽宏大量的; 品德高尚的provisioner (n.) : the person who supplies with provisions, esp. with a stock of food粮食供应者amiable (adj.) : having a pleasant and friendly disposition; good-natured悦人的, 友善的; 温柔的sticky (adj. [colloq.]) : overly sentimental; maudlin：adhesive[口]感情脆弱的; 爱哭的; 粘的benign (adj.) : good-natured; kindly性善的; 仁慈的; 宽厚的pastry (n.) : flour dough or paste made with shortening and used for the crust of pies, tarts, etc．：foods made with this制作糕点用的生面团; 面制糕点rapt (adj.) : completely absorbed or engrossed(in meditation, study, etc．)(思考、学习等)全神贯注的imperious (adj.) : overbearing; arrogant; urgent; imperative傲慢的; 专横的; 紧急的; 迫切的neigh (v.) : utter the loud, characteristic cry of a horse：whinny(马)嘶; 发马嘶般的声音seep (v.) : 1eak, drip, or flow out slowly through small openings or pores; ooze渗出; 渗漏cobweb (v.) : cover with or as with the web spun by a spider使布满蛛网(或蛛网状物) defective (adj.) : having a defect or defects; imperfect; faulty有缺陷的, 有缺点的imbecile (n.) : showing feeble intellect; foolish or stupid极愚蠢的; 愚笨的; 低能的malnutrition (n.) : faulty or inadequate nutrition; poor nourishment resulting from insufficient food improper diet, etc．营养不良; 营养失调fumble (v.) : make(one's way)clumsily or by groping; handle(a thing)clumsily or unskillfully摸索着行进; 笨拙地做事genitals (n.) : the reproductive organs生殖器hunch (v.) : sit or stand with the back arched弓背弯腰地坐(或站立) rattle (v.) : make a series of sharp, short sounds m quick succession发出嘎嘎声whine (v.) : utter a peevish, high-pitched. somewhat nasal sound, as in complaint, distress, fear, etc．; cmplain or beg in a childishly undignified way, as with a whine哭诉, 哀诉; 呜咽; 发牢骚,抱怨buttocks (n.) : the rump屁股, 臀部fester (v.) : form pus; ulcerate; decay生疮, 化脓; 溃烂, 腐烂excrement (n.) : waste, matter from the bowels：feces排泄物; 粪(便) impotence (n.) : the quality or condition of being impotent, weak无力, 虚弱, 衰弱paradox (n.) :a statement that is self-contradictory in fact and, hence, false; a person, situation, act, etc．that seems to have contradictory or inconsistent qualities自相矛盾的话(或事); 充满矛盾的人(或事) uncouth (adj.) : uncultured; crude; boorish; awkward不文明的; 粗鲁的; 笨拙的vapid (adj.) :tasteless; flavorless; flat; dull; boring乏味的; 枯燥的; 无趣味的poignant (adj.) :emotionally touching or moving深深打动人心的／poignancy n snivel (v.) :cry and sniffle; have mucus running from the nose啜泣, 抽噎; 流鼻涕far off : far a way在远处rise to the occasion: show that one is equal to what needs to be done 显出具有应付特殊事故的能力, 应付自如in communion with : have a special relationship with sth．in which one feels that he understands it very well 与……有交流, 与……有联络, 有共同利害关系brood on／over(sth.) : think about(troubles, etc．)for a long time 沉思, 忧思nostalgic (adj.) : looking for something far away or long ago or for former happy circumstance怀旧的illicit (adj.) : not allowed by law, custom, rule, etc. unlawful; prohibited违法的, 违禁的, 非法的thrill (n.) : tremor of excitement(一阵)激动speakeasy (n.): [slang] a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally, esp. such a place in the U.S. during Prohibition[俚](美国禁酒期的)非法的酒店denunciation (n.) : the act of denouncing控告; 指责, 斥责amour (n.) : a love affair, esp. of an illicit or secret nature 恋情; (尤指)不正当的男女关系sedan (n.) : an enclosed automobile with two or four doors．and two wide seats．front and rear(两扇或四扇门、双排座的)轿车naughty (adj.) : improper, obscene不得体的; 猥亵的jazzy (adj.) : (a party)playing jazz music(舞会)放爵士音乐的flask-toting (adj.) :always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor身带烈性酒的sheik(n.):(Americanism)a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistably attracted[美国语](能使女子倾心的)美男子vagary (n.) : an odd, eccentric, or unexpected action or bit of conduct古怪行径; 难以预测的行为flapper (n.) : [colloq.](in the 1920's) a young woman considered bold and unconventional in actions and dress [口](在20世纪20年代被认为)举止与衣着不受传统拘束的年轻女子, 轻佻女郎perspective (n.) : a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events, esp. one that shows them in their true relations to one another正确理解或判断事物相互关系的能力jazzmad (adj.) : blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music爵士乐狂aftermath (n.) : a result or consequence, esp. an unpleasant one结果, 后果(尤指令人不愉快的后果)provincial (adj.) : narrow, limited like that of rural provinces狭窄的; 偏狭的; 地方性的gentility (n.) : the quality of being genteel; now, specifically, excessive or affected refinement and elegance有教养, 斯文, 温文尔雅; (现尤指)假装文雅, 假装斯文aggressiveness (n.) : bold and energetic pursuit of one's end, enterprise有进取心, 进取精神bustle (v.) : hurry busily or with much fuss and bother繁忙, 奔忙medium (n.) : environment环境catalytic (adj.) : acting as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result起催化作用的; 起刺激作用的precipitate (v.) : throw headlong; cause to happen before expected, needed; bring on猛抛, 猛投; 突然发生; 促使obsolescent (adj.) : in the process of becoming obsolete即将过时的; 逐渐被废弃的mores (n.) : customs, esp. the fixed or traditional customs of a society, often acquiring the force of law习俗sophistication (n.) : the state of being artificial, worldly-wise, urbane, etc.老于世故faddishness (n.) : the following of fads赶时髦, 赶时尚hectic (adj.) : characterized by excitement, rush, confusion, etc. 兴奋的; 忙乱的; 混乱的gaiety (n.) : cheerfulness; the state of being gay高兴, 快乐perversion (n.) : a perverting or being perverted; corruption走入邪路; 堕落; 败坏Prohibition (n.) : the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes; specifically in the U.S., the period (1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal law(特指美国20~30年代的)禁酒法令orgy (n.) : any wild riotous licentious merry-making; debauchery纵酒饮乐; 狂欢spree (n.) : a lively, noisy frolic狂欢, 纵乐reveler (n.) : a person who makes merry or is noisily festive狂欢者, 狂宴者sober (v.) : make or become serious, solemn变清醒; 变严肃prolong (v.) : lengthen or extend in time or space延长; 拖长; 使持久stalemate (n.) : any unresolved situation in which further action is impossible or useless; deadlock僵持; 困境insolence (n.) : being boldly disrespectful in speech-or behavior; impudence(言行)无礼, 鲁莽; 傲慢belligerent (adj.) : at war; of war处于交战状态的; 战争的adventurousness (n.) : being fond of adventure; willingness to take chances喜欢冒险; 大胆strenuous (adj.) : vigorous, arduous, zealous, etc. 奋发的; 使劲的jingoism (n.) : chauvinism characterized by an aggressive, threatening, warlike foreign policy侵略主义, 沙文主义fracas (n.) : a noisy fight or loud quarrel; brawl大声吵架; 打闹infantry (n.) : foot soldiers collectively; esp. that branch of an army consisting of soldiers trained and equipped to fight chiefly on foot步兵; (尤指)步兵部队harass (v.) : trouble, worry or torment as with cares, debts, repeated questions, etc. 使烦恼(或困忧), 折磨sergeant (n.) : noncommissioned officer of the fifth grade, ranking above a corporal and below a staff sergeant in the U.S. Army and Marine Corps; generally any of the noncommissioned officers in the U.S. armed forces with sergeant as part of the title of their rank中士; 军士draft (n.) : the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose, esp. for compulsory military service征兵：挑选carnival (n.) : a reveling or time of revelry; festivity; merrymaking狂欢, 尽情作乐contingent (n.) : a share, proportion, or quota as of troops, ships, laborers, delegates, etc. 小分队, 分遣部队bombast (n.) : talk or writing that sounds grand or important but has little meaning; pompous language词藻华丽而空洞无物的淡话(或文章); 夸大的语言recession (n.) : a temporary falling of business activity during a period when such activity has been generally increasing商业暂时衰退现象; 萧条whip up : rouse, excite激起outmoded (adj.) : no longer in fashion or acceptedobsolete 旧式的; 过时的; 废弃了的sodden (adj.) : dull or stupefied, as from overindulgence in liquor(因沉迷于酒而变得)迟钝的, 麻木的dubious (adj.) : rousing suspicion; feeling doubt; skeptical引起怀疑的; 感到怀疑的; flout (n.) : be scornful; show contempt; jeer; scoff轻蔑, 藐视; 嘲弄; 侮辱conflagration (n.) : a big, destructive fire(毁灭性的)大火．大火灾fast (adj.) : living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way放荡的, 放纵的pulpit (n.) : preachers collectively教士们vulgar (adj.) : common to the great mass of people in general, common;popular普通的, 一般的; 流行的avid (adj.) : having an intense desire or craving; greedy渴望的, 热望的; 贪婪的susceptible (adj.) : easily affected emotionally; having a sensitive nature of feelings易被感动的; 易受影响的; 敏感的diatribe (n.) : a bitter, abusive criticism or denunciation 谩骂; 讽刺; 诽谤grandiose (adj.) :having grandeur or magnificence; imposing; impressive雄伟的;壮观的;庄严的;给人深刻印象的rally (v.) :come back to normal strength; revive恢复; 复元burden (n.) : central idea; theme主题; 重点, 要点adjunct (n.) :a thing added to something else; a person connected with another as a helper or subordinate associate附属物, 附加物; 帮手, 助手incompetent (n.) : a person who is completely incapable无能力者, 不能胜任者expatriate (v.) : withdraw (oneself) from one's nativeland or from allegiance to it(使自己)移居国外, 放弃原国籍denominator (n.) :a shared characteristic共同特性, 共性iconoclastic (adj.) :opposing to the religious use of images or advocating the destruction of such images反对崇拜偶像的sterile (adj.) : barren; unfruitful贫瘠的, 不长庄稼的; 无成效的flay (v.) :criticize or scold mercilessly严厉斥责; 怒骂drugstore cowboy : 杂货店牛仔see sth.in perspective : view or judge things in a way that show their true relations to one another以联系的观点正确地看待或判断事物precipitate sb.／sth:into sth : thrust violently into(a condition)使突然陷入某种状态sober up : to free from drunkenness; become not drunk变清醒whip up : rouse; excite煽动, 激起例：whip up the mob煽动暴民／whip up enthusiasm激起热情keep up with the Joneses : compete with one's neighbors, etc．(in the purchase of articles, e.g. clothes, a car, indicating social status)和琼斯一家人比(在购买物品如衣物、汽车等方面与邻人等相比以示社会地位), 与他人攀比common denominator: a commonly shared theme or trait共同点, 共同特色write off : drop from consideration看不起, 认为无价值Lesson 11 The Future of the Englishcosmopolitan (adj.) : common to or representative of all or many parts of the world; not national or local世界性的;不限于国家或地区范围的rally (n.) : a gathering of people for a common purpose; mass meeting(群众性)集会scuffle (n.) : a rough, confused fight; close, haphazard struggle扭打;混战fanatical (adj.) : unreasonably enthusiastic; overly zealous狂热的,过分热衷的snarl (v.) : speak harshly and sharply, as in anger, impatience,etc．怒吼,咆哮shop steward : a person chosen by his fellow trade unionists in an industrial establishment to speak for them to the management and to watch over their interest(资本主义国家中工人选的)工人代表accelerate (v.) : cause to develop or progress more quickly加快,促进alien (adj.) : opposed or repugnant相反的;不相容的;格格不入的cosy (adj.) : smallish but comfortable and relaxing舒适的,安逸的razor-keen (adj.) : as sharp as a razor;[fig.]very smart and shrewd犀如剃刀的;[喻]伶俐能干的impoverish (v.) : make poor; reduce to poverty使贫困,使处于贫困subsidy (n.) : a grant of money from the government or society,etc．补助金;津贴poster (n.) : a relatively large printed card or sheet of paper,often illustrated, posted to advertise or publicize something海报;张贴的大幅广告advocate (n.): a person who speaks or writes in support of something提倡者;拥护者overdraft (n.) : a withdrawal of money from a bank in excess of the amount credited to the drawer透支caper (n.) : a wild, foolish action or prank嬉戏,玩笑,把戏advert (n.) : advertisement的缩略bicker (n.) : have a petty quarrel; squabble(为琐事)争吵,口角recoil (v.) : draw back,stagger back; retreat撤退,后退,退回anomalous (adj.) : deviating from the regular arrangement, general rule, or usual method; abnormal反常的,异常的;破格的,破例的syndicalism (n.) : theory and movement of trade unionism in which all means of production and distribution would be brought under the control of federations of labor unions by the use of direct action, such as general strikes工团主义;工联主义hippopotamus (n.) : one of several large, plant-eating mammals, with a heavy, thick-skinned, almost hairless body and short legs, which lives chiefly in or near rivers in Africa河马fraud (n.) : deceit; trickery; cheating; a person who deceives欺骗,欺诈;骗子crusty (adj.) : rudely abrupt or surly in speech and manner; bad-tempered(言行)粗鲁的,粗暴的;脾气坏的articulate (adj.) : expressing oneself easily and clearly表达力强的counterculture (n.) : the culture of many young people of the 1960's and 1970's manifested by a life style that is opposed to the prevailing culture反主流文化swagger (v.) : boast, brag, or show off in a loud, superior manner自夸,吹牛integrity (n.) : uprightness, honesty, and sincerity正直,诚实,真诚sloppy (adj.) : careless; slovenly or messy粗心的;不整洁的inept (adj.) : incompetent; unfit; out of place不称职的; 不相宜的; 不恰当的shiftless (adj.) : incapable, inefficient, lazy无能的;无效率的;懒惰的slovenly (adj.) : careless in appearance, habits, work, etc．不整洁的;疏忽的;马虎的messy (adj.) : untidy, disorderly, dirty,etc．凌乱的; 混乱的;脏的slop around : loaf around闲荡,闲逛skimp (v.) : do poorly or carelessly马虎从事;草率从事scrounge (n.) : take without permission; pilfer; beg擅取;偷窃;乞讨booze (v.) : drink too much alcoholic liquor狂饮,痛饮vandalism (n.) : the actions or attitudes of the Vandals or of a vandal; malicious or ignorant destruction of public or private property, esp. of that which is beautiful or artistic 汪达尔人的行为或作风;破坏文化艺术品的行为pilfer (v.) : steal(esp. small sums or petty objects); filch偷窃;尤指小偷小摸damnation (n.) : a damning or being damned诅咒;谴责apathy (n.) : 1ack of emotion; indifference无情,感情淡漠;冷漠,漠不关心squabble (v.) : quarrel noisily over a small matter: wrangle(为琐事)争吵.口角repertory: a theatre in which a permanent acting company prepares several productions for a season and keeps alternating them in limited runs由固定剧团定期换演剧目的剧场;拥有大量常备剧目的戏院farce (n.) : an exaggerated comedy based on broadly humorous, highly unlikely situations 笑剧,闹剧,滑稽戏demagogue (n.) : a person who tries to stir up the people by appeals to emotion, prejudice, etc., in order to win them over quickly and so gain power煽动者,鼓动者frivolous (adj.) : not properly serious or sensible: silly and light-minded; giddy轻薄的;轻浮的;肤浅的myopic (adj.) : short-sighted近视的;缺乏远见的sulks (n.) : a sulky mood or state愠怒的样子(或状态) bowler (n.) : a man's round hard hat, usually black圆顶硬呢帽(常为黑色) draw on : take or use as a source利用,凭,靠shop steward : a union member elected to represent coworkers in dealings with management工会管事,工人代表safe to say: Br) If it is safe to say something, it may be said without exaggeration or falsehood.可以肯定地说,可以保险地说out of scale: out of proportion不成比例, 不相称keep clear of sth.: avoid or refrain from sth. 避开,离着state of mind: a particular mental or emotional condition such as being in a state of bliss, in a state of depression, in a state of despair,etc.心境,思想(精神)状态shrug off: (英)dismiss something as not deserving one's attention耸肩对……表示不理,不屑一顾,一笑置之sweat one's guts out: work very hard拼命干pay packet: an envelope containing your wages: the amount of money someone earns(附工资及工资单的)工资袋,工资,薪水fall between two stools: be neither one type of thing nor another or be unable to choose between two ways of doing something两头落空,两边都不讨好,由于犹豫而误事chop logic: argue in a hairsplitting(吹毛求疵的)way强词夺理repertory company: a company that presents and performs a number of different plays or other works during a season,usually in animation. 定期换演剧目的剧团Lesson 12 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an Americancontroversial (adj.) : stirring up controversy; debatable引起争论的motley (adj.): of many colors or patches of color; having or composed of many different or clashing elements: heterogeneous杂色的; 斑杂的; 混杂的, 杂乱的identity (n.) : the condition or fact of being a specific person or thing; individuality个性; 个人的特征prop (n.) : a rigid support, as a beam, stake, or pole, placed under or against a structure or part支柱; 支持物; 撑材alabaster (n.) : a translucent, whitish, fine-grained variety of gypsum, used for statues, vases, etc. 雪花石膏cadence (n.) : inflection or modulation in tone; any rhythmic flow of sound声音的抑扬顿挫; 声调; 节奏pickaninny (n.) : a negro child黑人小孩cripple (v.) : frustrate, hinder; make unable or unfit to act, function effectively, etc. 使损伤; 使丧失活动能力; 使失去战斗力; 削弱breakthrough (n.) : a strikingly important advance or discovery in any field of knowledge or activity突破; 重大发现; 惊人进展skirmish (n.) : a brief fight or encounter between small groups, usually an incident of a battle: any slight, unimportant conflict; brush小规模战斗; 小冲突rung (n.) : any of the crosspieces constituting the steps of a ladder梯级lukewarm (n.) : (of liquids, etc. )barely or moderately warm(液体等)微温的paradox (n.) : a statement that seems contradictory, unbelievable. or absurd but that may actually be true in fact反论paranoia (n.) : a mental disorder characterized by systematized delusions, as of grandeur, or, esp. , persecution, often, except in a schizophrenic state, with an otherwise relatively intact personality妄想狂; 偏执狂accessible (adj.) : easy to approach or enter易接近的; 易进去的pocket (n.) : a small area or group of a specified type小块地区; 凹地; 小圈子pimp (n.) : one who is an agent for a prostitute or prostitutes and lives off their earnings; procurer拉皮条的人; 为妓女拉客的人; 妓院老板perpetual (adj.) : continuing indefinitely without interruption: unceasing; constant不断的; 重复不停的preconception (n.) : bias or prejudice偏见terrace (n.) : an unroofed paved area, immediately adjacent to a house, etc. 露天平台; 阳台corny (adj. [colloq.]) : unsophisticated, old-fashioned, trite, banal, sentimental, etc. 过时的; 陈腐的sojourn (n.) : a brief 0r temporary stay; visit旅居; 短期访问incorrigible (adj.) : not corrigible; that cannot be corrected, improved, or reformed, esp. because firmly established, as a habit不可救药的; 难以纠正的; 根深蒂固的efface (v.) : rub out, as from a surface; erase; wipe out; obliterate(从表面)擦掉, 擦去, 抹去; 消除(痕迹) fathom (v.) : measure the depth of; get to the bottom of; understand thoroughly测深; 追根究底; 弄清…的真相unprecedented (adj.) : having no precedent or parallel; unheard-of; novel前所未有的; 无前例的; 新奇的compulsive (adj.) : of, having to do with, or resulting from compulsion强迫的; 有强迫力的taboo (n.) : any social prohibition or restriction that results from convention or tradition(社会习俗或传统习惯方面的)禁忌; 避讳sustenance (n.) : that which sustains life; nourishment; food食物; 营养物1.inexorable (adj.) : that cannot be moved or influenced by persuasion or entreaty; unrelenting不退让的, 不屈不挠的; 不为所动的sorely (adv.) : urgently; greatly; extremely迫切地; 极其; 非常wed(v.) : unite or join closely密切结合arm (n.) : any combatant branch of the military forces兵种; 军种intangible (adj.) : that cannot be easily defined, formulated, or grasped; vague难以确定(或捉摸、掌握)的; 模糊的; 不明确的at bottom: fundamentally, actually根本上, 实际上in flight(from): escaping from逃避, 逃开in relief: in sharp contrast浮雕一般, 鲜明地, 显著地be borne in on/upon sb.: if a fact is borne in in someone, they realize that it is true使确信；被逐渐认识到；(事实等)为某人所认识的Lesson 9The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas选词Para. 3说起来，他们并不是一些头脑简单的人，尽管他们过得很快活。
