2019考研英语(二)阅读真题答案及解析(text2)

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it2. As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of4the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight7altering your training program. The most8changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these9, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10.Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto11my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand12any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to13my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in14to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly15and dropping weight, this is a16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1、[单选题]第（1）题选A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides正确答案：C参考解析：首段提出文章中心：定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。

2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题完整版附答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting5.[A]modify [B]set [C]review [D]reach6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution [D]prediction7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says A mrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guiltand sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A）regulate a child's basic emotionsB）improve a child's intellectual abilityC）foster a child’s moral developmentD）intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A）deceptiveB）burdensomeC）addictiveD) deception23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awarenessthat______.A）emotions are context-independentB）emotions are socially constructiveC）emotional stability can benefit healthD）an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions- permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By s aying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. Califo rnia’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predo minantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store orquitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Yo unger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSW ER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, re adable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so ea sily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an ab undance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the re sult of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard w ay and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instea d. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详细解析1-20参考答案及解析：1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。

2019年英语（二）考研真题及答案解析。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conficted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lostFor these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morming weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific ftness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate1 / 159. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11. [A] report [B] share [C] share [D] share12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming19. [A] if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20. [A] obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psy chology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And quilt , by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professor at the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. foster a child’s moral developmentD. intensify a child’s positive feelings22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _______.A. deceptiveB. burdensomeC. addictiveD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.A. emotions are context-independentB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to doso.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap - but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. Califormia is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 - financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormia's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges ,”the author impliesthat_________.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To mai ntain forests as valuable “carbon sinks," we may needto__________.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?A. To handle the areas in serious danger first.B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To obtain enough financial support.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be describedas________.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. worker s won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either — not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workersusing the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey ，71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborersD.the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ___.A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day —encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority – or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022." There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things into perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,”,the author indicates thatA: our focus should be shifted to community welfareB: our relationship with local industries is improvingC: We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD: We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA: a win-win arrangementB: a self-driven mechanismC: a cost-effective approachD: a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA: can be too aggressiveB: can be too inconsistentC: are far from sufficientD: are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not conv inced that kids should be involved in selecting a home --- but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home --- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your c hildren before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside ,Calif .“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter , it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say "I could write a book. I just haven't the time." Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising. re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47、Directions：Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming" instead (10points)Part B48、Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing , you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)-----精心整理，希望对您有所帮助!。

2019考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案解析text2森林为我们提供了阴凉、宁静的环境，是应对气候变化斗争中更艰巨的挑战之一。

小编为大家提供2019考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案解析text2，一起来学习一下吧！2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text2Text 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, andwildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.California's plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 —financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26. “One of the harder challenges” implies ___A. global climate change may get out of controlB. forests may become a potential threatC. people may misunderstand global warmingD. extreme weather conditions may arise27. To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks", we may need to _A.preserve diversity of speciesB. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityC. accelerate the growth of young treesD. strike a balance among different plants28.California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.B. cultivate more drought resistant trees.C. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. reduce the density of some of its forests29. What is essential to California's plan according to para. 5?A. To obtain enough financial supportB. To carry it out before 2020C. To handle the areas in the serious danger firstD. To perfect the emission-permit auctions30.the author's attitude toward California's plan can be best described as ____A. supportiveB. ambiguousC. tolerantD. cautious2019考研英语二阅读理解答案解析text226. 答案【B】 forests may become a potential threat解析：本题目为推断题，考察推理判断能力。

2019考研英语（二）阅读真题答案及解析(text2)来源：文都教育2019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text2是应对气候变化的文章，文都教育的英语老师就2019考研英语(二)阅读第二篇给大家做了解析，为了方便核对，我们将选项内容也对应给出。

阅读理解Text2 答案26.[D] forests may become a potential threat27.[D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.[B] reduce the density of some of its forests29.[A] To handle the areas in serious danger first30.[C] supportive解析：31.根据题干By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.定位到原文第一段第一句，但是我们发现第一段只提到了one of the harder challenges，而没有给出harder challenges指什么，也就是没有给出本题的答案，因此我们需要看第一句后面的句子。

第一句是中心句，后面的句子是对第一句进行阐述，根据后面的句子的阐述，我们可知尽管我们人类依靠森林来吸收大量的二氧化碳，但是我们造成的气候变化将会使我们的森林最终会释放的碳比吸收的碳还要多。

也就是D选项所说的森林可能会成为潜在的威胁。

因此答案为D选项。

32.根据题干To maintain forests as v aluable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.定位到原文第二段第二句Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. 其中may require 后面的内容就是题干问的内容。

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）真题及详解SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.(1)_____when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it(2)_____.As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing(3)_____on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of(4)_____the number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to(5)_____my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate(6)_____of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight(7)_____altering your training program.The most(8)_____changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these(9)_____,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule(10)_____.Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for me to(11)_____my weight each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observe and(12)_____any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to(13)_____my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in(14)_____to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I’m constantly(15)_____and dropping weight,this is a(16)_____that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.and well-being.I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a(18)_____morning weigh-in.I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,(19)_____I’m training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than(20)_____over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps3.A.solelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially4.A.loweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording5.A.setB.reviewC.reach 6.A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition7.A.regardless ofB.aside fromC.along withD.due to8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly9.A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims10.A.althoughB.againC.indeed11.A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report12.A.approve ofB.hold ontoC.account forD.depend on13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmD.prepare14.A.featuresB.rulesC.testsD.results15.A.anxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored16.A.secretB.beliefC.signD.principleB.decisionC.wishD.request18.A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing19.A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if20.A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessing【文章导读】本文主要介绍了定期称重给人带来的消极影响。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it2. As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of4the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight7altering your training program. The most8changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these9, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10.Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto11my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand12any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to13my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in14to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly15and dropping weight, this is a16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1、[单选题]第（1）题选A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides正确答案：C参考解析：首段提出文章中心：定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。

2019 Text 2（英语⼆）森林与⽓候变化Text 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap, but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.⽂章 2森林为我们遮阴，给我们僻静，也成为⼈类抗争⽓候变化时⾯临的⼀⼤艰巨的挑战。

2019考研英语二真题：阅读Text 2（新东方版）Commentary The Monitor's View The Monitor's ViewRenewable energy at a ‘tipping point’A shift in thoughtWashington may be showing less interest in alternative fuels, but the worldwide picture is dramatically different.June 26, 2017 —Should the world promote economic growth or fight climate change? That model of “either/or” thinking may be losing its validity faster than even some experts have imagined.While fossil fuels – coal, oil, gas – still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world： They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years, reports the International Renewable Energy Agency.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, windturbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal – as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in the Hawkeye State, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation – and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.Prominent Republican politicians in Iowa are backing the growing industry. The state’s senior senator, Republican Chuck Grassley, has pledged his strong commitment to wind power, as has the new GOP governor, Kim Reynolds. Other red states in the heartland, such as Kansas, the Dakotas, and Texas, are experiencing a wind-powered boom as well.The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-downfor skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity ofbatteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads in 2017,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years. China, whose cities are choked by air pollution, may lead the way.“Renewables have reached a tipping point globally,” sums up Simon V irley, who studies the world’s energy markets for the international accounting firm KPMG. He seesrenewables competing on price with fossil fuels in more and more places around the world.“I think [the shift to renewable energy is] happening much faster than most well-educated business people inAmerica understand,” adds British investor Jeremy Grantham, cofounder of the Boston-based asset manager firm GMO, in Britain’s Financial Times recently.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The the pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does –or doesn’t do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.https：///Commentary/the-monitors-view/2017/0626/Renewable-energy-at-a-tipping-point。

2019年考研英语(二)阅读 text21. 阅读理解在考研英语考试中占有重要地位，特别是英语二阅读部分更是备受关注。

text2是2019年考研英语(二)阅读部分的一篇文章，内容涉及我国工业革命、重工业和轻工业的发展等方面。

下面将对text2进行全面解读，为大家准备考研英语(二)提供帮助和指导。

2. text2提到了我国工业革命是在1949年之后开始的，并且表示我国已经成为世界上最大的工业化国家之一。

在考研英语中，历史背景的了解非常重要，这些背景知识有助于理解文章内容和作者观点，因此考生们需要对我国的工业化进程和工业革命有一定的了解。

3. text2提到了重工业和轻工业在我国工业化进程中的作用。

文章指出，重工业是工业化和国家经济增长的基础，而轻工业则是工业品的生产和消费的重要领域。

考生需要理解和区分这两者在工业化进程中的地位和作用，以便更好地理解文章内容和把握文章主旨。

4. text2还提到了我国工业革命在世界工业化历史中的独特地位。

文章指出我国实现了非常快速的工业化进程，这一点为考生提供了一个观点，需要考生对这个观点进行分析和思考，理解我国工业革命对世界工业化历史的影响和意义。

5. 在文章解读的过程中，考生还需要注意一些关键词和句子，比如"我国工业革命是在1949年之后开始的"、"我国已经成为世界上最大的工业化国家之一"、"重工业是工业化和国家经济增长的基础"等。

这些关键词和句子有助于考生理解文章的主题和观点，因此需要考生特别注意。

6. text2是2019年考研英语(二)阅读部分的重要文章，对于考生来说，掌握好这篇文章的内容和观点至关重要。

通过对文章的全面解读和理解，考生可以更好地备考考研英语(二)，达到较好的成绩。

希望广大考生能够认真对待text2，做好充分的准备。

2019年考研英语(二)阅读 text2文中，作者提到我国工业革命在1949年后开始，这一点对我国的工业化进程给予了高度评价。

英语（二）试题 -1-（共 14页）2019考研英语二真题及答案(2)(word 版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2019考研英语二真题及答案(2)(word 版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为2019考研英语二真题及答案(2)(word 版可编辑修改)的全部内容。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。

Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often， this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 。

As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass， but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】[CJ However ［解析】此处考察逻捐关系。

首段提出文浮中心定期称保自己是一种解任何显著的的体重波动的好方法。

空格所在句指出,_,如果太频繁，这种习惯有时会造成损杏．前义wonderful way (好方法）与后义hurt (损杏）形成转折关系，故埴入however (然而）．另外，however也是考研究形捂空中的森狈词。

其他选项．therefore (因此），otherwise (否则）和besides (此外）此处不符合语境，故正确答案为[CJ However, 2、【答案】[DJ helps...-【解析】此处无察反义复现．空格所在句指出：this habit can sometimes hu )J _more than it_ (这种习惯的坏处/� 要比一多），应该是help (有帮助，有好处），与前文hurt (损岩）形命反义复现．其他选项：Cares (关＂ 心），warns (警告），reduces (· 少，致使）均不能与hur t 形成呼应，故正确答案为[D J helps. 3、［答案】[A]solely h 【解析】此处考察同义复现＋词义辨析．空格所在句括出·幻俄，每天称自己的重舟让我把注芯力从保持健股和好动转移到—专注干体重种.11汃solel y (仅仅）语义通顺。

另外本句focus i ng solely o o tbe scale中的沁lely（仅仅）与本段后义thinking only o: _ t he number on the sca l e 的o n ly 形｝戊了同义复现。

故正确答案为(A]sole l y。

4、［答案】(A]lowering ［解析】此处叱察词义辨析中反义复现。

空格所在句指出：我狩经以卅加肌肉含碌而卅亚，但后米只为虑一体重的数踩，我改变了我的训练方案。

考研英语二真题及答案解析在考研英语二中，阅读理解是最为重要的一道题型。

它考察考生对于英语文章的阅读理解能力和对于语言表达的理解。

以下是对于2019年考研英语二真题及答案的解析。

第一篇文章文章标题：The Sharing Economy is Surging, and Its Biggest RivalsAre Feeling the Heat文章内容：本篇文章主要讲述了共享经济正在快速发展，这也使得传统企业产生了压力。

文章提到了许多例子，包括Airbnb、Uber和Netflix等服务。

这些建立在共享平台上的公司正在迅速崛起，给传统企业带来了竞争。

对于共享经济的定义和影响，文章给出了一个很好的例子，即Airbnb。

它以平台模式提供了房屋出租服务，让人们可以将自己的房屋出租给需要的人。

这种模式使得传统的旅馆行业面临了很大的竞争压力。

在这篇文章中，我们可以看到共享经济对于传统企业的冲击。

传统企业需要认识到共享经济的兴起，采取相应的策略来面对竞争。

同时，共享经济也为消费者提供了更多的选择和便利。

第二篇文章文章标题：The Future of Work is Here, and It's More Unequal than Ever文章内容：这篇文章主要讲述了工作的未来会变得更加不均衡。

文章指出，随着科技的发展，许多传统行业的工作岗位将会被取代。

人们需要适应新的技术和工作方式，否则将会失去工作机会。

文章提到了自动化技术在制造和服务行业的应用。

这些技术使得一些传统工作变得不再需要人力，导致许多人失业。

同时，新兴行业和高级技术工作的需求也在增加，使得工作机会更加不均衡。

对于工作的未来，我们需要认识到技术的发展将会对就业带来巨大的影响。

为了适应这种变化，我们需要不断学习新的技术和提升自己的技能。

此外，政府也需要采取相应的政策来解决工作不均衡的问题。

第三篇文章文章标题：The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health文章内容：这篇文章主要讲述了社交媒体对于心理健康的影响。

英语二真题：Section1UseofEninglishDirections:MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolo fAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwo menwho（1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe（2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho（3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe （4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.th iswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,（5)anaverageguy,up（6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincentu ries.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation（7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle（8)tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever（9)ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas（10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joehada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappersa sacharacter,ora(12)ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI .Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersP yle(13)portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe(14)si deofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymiles were(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(16)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtand exhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachoth erandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,Fran ce,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostimp ortantpersonintheirlives.1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpoint SectionIIResdiongComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B ,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,but inrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecou ntry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseduca tionalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywh ichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolon gercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorch aotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearand contradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotd owithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapassto studentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgo ingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchi ldren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teach ersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingforn omorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandse eveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstate testswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperform edwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkh elped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstude nts,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthom ework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academi cachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethe mcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatth ehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorr ect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsib leforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichear ings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents___ __.[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswheth er______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itplacesextraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgrades25.Asuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe______.[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetit ispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,b utitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinone way,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitp resentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinn ocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularla ckofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,bu taccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabefo redomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sinceth eonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgir lsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswere introduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelver sionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsofthe VirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotunti lthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildr en’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown, whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasf emale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwha tisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelo pment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedaft eryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,acdordingtoD anielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketi ngtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesale s,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopme ntalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedas ure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistom agnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.26.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______ .[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelop mentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto_____.[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe____.[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText3In2019.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'paniesh adwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2019some20% ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2019ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpate ntable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrgani sation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta “preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtove rturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatent stotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.Thechiefexecuti veofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatients alike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswi llremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethr eemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotb epatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents' monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumberse styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogen etictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,a rguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparated fromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexam ple,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsof individualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.co mpaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesintcract, lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorp redictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingth edits’,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayo Clinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrtcentlyheldac onventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapefor patents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.31.itcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike-----A.theirexecutivestobeactiveB.judgestoruleoutgenepatentingC.genestobepatcntablcD.theBIOtoissueawarning32.thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat----A.genetictestsarenotreliableB.onlyman-madeproductsarepatentableC.patentsongenesdependmuchoninnovatiaonD.courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests33.accordingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor----A.establishingdiseasecomelationsB.discoveringgeneinteractionsC.drawingpicturesofgenesD.identifyinghumanDNA34.Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat-----A.thesupremecourtwasauthoritativeB.theBIOwasapowerfulorganizationC.genepatentingwasagreatconcernwyerswerekeentoattendconventiongs35.generallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybegin ning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagener ationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourcu lture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconom icdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimproved theminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallypruden t;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapsth erecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromo urnationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendto aneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMora lConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarg uesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnation ordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive ,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-im migrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclass es.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthiso ne,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,andde creaseopportunitiestocrossthem---especiallyforyoungpeople.Theresearch ofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallp eoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegre esfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldh avebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatar eleftbehind.Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysb eenhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscernin gpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyresp ects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytime initshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaves hownmixedresults.Wewillhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillre shapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongertheye xtend.36.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___.[A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovemment[B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession37.AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.[A]realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.[A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms[D]easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses39.TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromel iteuniversitiestendto_____.[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePartBDirections: Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromthel eftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn .Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEER T1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isat bottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Th iscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertru thabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathe rsandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspirat ion.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountin gtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,Petrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwri tingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)of classicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortunean drisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavell iturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andbol dness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders .Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedthel eadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist' spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianautho rSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,in dustrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowe rofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,is suingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmile s."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself"HisbiographiesofJam esWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidethe workingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthe trulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.The seepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspo ssessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmenseweal thnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch, itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrel ationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonot makeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirec tlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.Inplac eofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobs bawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewreal msofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupass cholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublich istorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyourtranslat iononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconc ernedattheprospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortoh ospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,Thesearethekindofworkersth atcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrati onrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesa reparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2019foun dthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwit haround3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"braindrain"haslongbothered policymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivi ngthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversitie s,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactori estomake.SectionIVWritingPartA47.DirectionsSupposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyoubo ughtfromanonlinstoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecente rto1)makeacomplaintand2)demandapromptsolutionYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead.48、writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould1)describethetable,and2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteatleast150words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.DTEXT1：21.A22.C23.A24.B25.DTEXT2：26.A27.B28.A29.C30.CTEXT3：31.C32.B33.A34.D35.DTEXT4：36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE翻译、写作见后面详解详解1.【答案】B从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.__1___,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it__2____.As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing__3___on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of__4__the number on the scale, I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to__5__my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate__6__of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight__7__altering your training program.The most__8__changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these__9__,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule__10__.Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for me to__11__my weigh each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observe and__12__any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to__13__my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in__14__to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I’m constantly__15__and dropping weight,this is a __16__that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The__17__to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a__18__morning weigh-in.I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,__19__I’m training according to those goals,instead of numbers on a scale. Rather than__20__over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.However D.Besides2. A.cares B.warns C.reduces D.helps3. A.solely B.occasionally C.formally D.initially4. A.lowering B.explaining C.accepting D.recording5. A.set B.review C.reach D.modify6. A.Depiction B.distribution C.prediction D.definition7. A.Regardless of B.aside from C.along with D.due to8. A.rigid B.precise C.immediate D.orderly9. A.judgements B.reasons C.methods D.claims10.A.though B.again C.indeed D.instead11.A.track B.overlook C.conceal D.report12.A.approve of B.hold onto C.account for D.depend on13.A.share B.adjust C.confirm D.prepare14.A.features B.rules C.tests D.results15.A.anxious B.hungry C.sick D.bored16.A.secret B.belief C.sign D.principle17.A.necessity B.decision C.wish D.request18.A.surprising B.restricting C.consuming D.disappointing19.A.because B.unless C.until D.if20.A.dominating B.puzzling C.triumphing D.obsessing21.SectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children aren’t born knowing how to say“I’m sorry”;rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount,to be a good thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness(think mania)can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a2014study,for example,Malti looked ing caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations,she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,”Malti says.“We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____.A.regulate a child’s basic emotionsB.improve a child’s intellectual abilityC.intensify a child’s positive feelingsD.foster a child’s moral development22.According to Paragraph2,many people still consider guilt to be___.A.deceptiveB.addictiveC.burdensomeDinexcusable23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that____.A.an emotion can play opposing rolesB.emotions are socially constructiveC.emotional stability can benefit healthD.emotions are context-independent24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing____.A.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can bring about emotional satisfactionC.can result from either sympathy or guiltD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word“transgressions”(line4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to____.A.wrongdoingsB.discussionsC.restrictionsD.teachingsText2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap--but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable"carbon sinks"long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since2010,drought and insects have killed more than100million trees in California,most of them in2016alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California's plan to treat35,000acres of forest a year by2020,and60,000by2030--financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions.That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they've focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.California's plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.26.By saying“one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that___.A.forests may become a potential threatB.people may misunderstand global warmingC.extreme weather conditions may ariseD.global climate change may get out of control27.To maintain forests as valuable“carbon sinks,”we may need to____.A.lower their present carton-absorbing capacityB.accelerate the growth of young treesC.strike a balance among different plantsD.preserve the diversity of species in them28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to____.A.cultivate more drought-resistant treesB.find more effective ways to kill insectsC.reduce the density of some of its forestsD.restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph5?A.To carry it out before the year of2020.B.To handle the areas in serious danger first.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30.The author’s attitude to California’s plan can be best be described as___.A.ambiguousB.tolerantC.cautiousD.suportiveText3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry.If this doesn’t change,American businesses,communities,and consumers will be the losers. Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the country,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single.They are also aging.At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of35.Now,more than half are.And picking crops is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along:Native U.S.workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer,either—not yet,at least.Production of corn,cotton,rice, soybeans and wheat has been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots do a small share of milking,havea long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from2011to2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to66,000a year.Even so,employers complain that they aren’t given all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A workers to arrive on the job22days late.The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a2012survey,71percent of tree-fruit growers and almost80percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico.From1998to2000,14.5percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imports was25.8percent.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.D.Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce is___.A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborersD.the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S.farming?A.To attract younger laborers to farm work.B.To get native U.S.workers back to farming.C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D.To strengthen financial support for farmers.34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its___.A.slow granting proceduresB.limit on duration of stayC.tightened requirementsD.control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A.U.S.Agriculture in Decline?B.Import Food or Labor?C.America Saved by Mexico?D.Manpower vs.Automation?Text4Arnold Schwarzenegger,Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:It’s easy to beat plastic.They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day —encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have“done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions—a kind of“moral licensing”that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws,we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as“consumers”we must shop sustainably,rather than as“citizens”hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority–or even most people’s.We shouldn’t expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things,Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by2022.”There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.It’s just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It’s just about putting things into perspective.We don’t have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action,alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36.Some celebrities star in a new video to___.A.demand new laws on the use of plasticsB.urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC.invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD.disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that“moral licensing”may____.A.mislead us into doing worthless thingsB.prevent us from making further effortsC.weaken our sense of accomplishmentD.suppress our desire for success38.By pointing out our identity as“citizens,”the author indicates that_____.A.our focus should be shifted to community welfareB.our relationship with local industries is improvingC.we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD.we should press our governments to lead the combat39.DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be_____.A.a win-win arrangementB.a self-driven mechanismC.a cost-effective approachD.a top-down process40.The author concludes that individual efforts____.A.can be too aggressiveB.can be too inconsistentC.are far from sufficientD.are far from rationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered paragraphs items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How seriously should parents take kid’s opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home,Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand:a backyard. McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing,and inmany cases youngsters’views weigh heavily on parents’real estate decisions,according to a2018 Harris Poll survey of more than2,000U.S.adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions,realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial,personal and long-term effects kids’opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process,said Ryan Hooper,a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski,a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates,said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities,if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter,said Adam Leitman Bailey,a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children,said Tracey Hampson,a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita,Calif.And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children—especially older ones—may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside,Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,”he said.“HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate.It’s not shelter,it’s a lifestyle.With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally,Norris said. Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time,said Julie Gurner,a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say,that decisionshould likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions,but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best—and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before,even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children,despite the current housing crunch.A.notes that aspects like children’s friends and social activities shouldbe considered upon homebuying.41.Ryan Hooper B.believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’sneeds rather than their opinions42.Adam Bailey C.assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influencedby the media.43.Tracey Hampson D.remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children44.Aaron Norris E.says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estatedecisions45.Julie Gurner F.advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’sopinionsG.thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement inhomebuying decisions.Section III Translation46.Directions：Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.He had such a pleasant,readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say,“I could write a book,I just haven’t the time”Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of,as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”.While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final,polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising,re-writing and reading.Like the majority of authors,he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way,but these made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.SectionⅢWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the them of city traffic.Write him an email to1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons,and2)tell him about your arrangements.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计2019年考研英语二参考答案一、完形填空1. C.However2. D.helps3. A.Solely4. A.lowering5. C.reach6. C.prediction7. D.due to8. C.immediate9. B.reasons10.D.instead11.A.Track12.C.account for13.B.adjust14.D.results15.B.hungry16.C.sign17.B.decision18.D.disappointing19.A.because20.D.obsessing二、阅读理解21.D.Foster a child’s moral development22.C.burdensome23.A.an emotion can play opposing roles24.C.can result from either sympathy or guilt25.A.wrongdoings26.A.forests may become a potential threat27.A.lower their present carton-absorbing capacity28.C.reduce the density of some of its forests29.B.To handle the areas in serious danger first30.D.supportive31.C.Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.32.D.the aging of immigrant farm workers33.B.To get native U.S.workers back to farming34.A.slow granting procedures35.B.Import Food or Labor?36.B.urge consumers to cut the use of plastics37.B.prevent us from making further efforts38.D.we should press our governments to lead the combat39.D.a top-down process40.C.are far from sufficient三、新题型41.D.remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children42.G.thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in home buying decisions.43.F.advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions44.C.assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.45.B.believes that home buying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than their opinions四、翻译参考译文：人们很容易低估英国作家詹姆斯.赫里尔特，他的写作风格轻松愉快又容易理解，有人便觉得任何人都能模仿。

2019考研英语(二)真题答案解析(完整版) SectionⅠ Use of English1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。

空格前面说到定期称重能够协助我们注重自身体重的明显变化，这是正面描述，但是空格后面说的是负面描述，我们能够从词汇hurt上面感觉到语气的转变，所以，我们这里选择D,However(不过). 所给的答案中[A]Besides(除此之外)，[B] Therefore(所以)， [D]Otherwise(否则)，意思都不符合题意。

2. [答案] 【A】helps[解析] 此处是考查词义复现。

空格所在的句子的意思是说：这种习惯的坏处有时候要比...多，很明显想表达的意思是弊大于利，所以空格处应该写表示利的同义词，这里所给的答案中，A helps(有协助)复合题意，其他[B]cares(关心)，[C] warns(警告),[D] reduces(减少)带入句中都不符合题意。

3. [答案] 【B】solely[解析] 此处是词汇考查。

空格所在的句子的意思是：每天称重会让我转译注意力到体重的数值上，而不是宽泛的身体健康上。

此处和后面的4题的数值也很匹配，所以答案是B solely表示仅仅。

而其他答案[A] initially(最初地)[B]solely(仅仅地)[C]occasionally(偶尔地) [D] formally(正式地)都不合题意。

4. [答案] 【B】lowering[解析] 此处是词义辨析题。

空格所在的句子的意思和上文3空格的意思想对应，我虽然体重增加是因为肌肉的增强，但是我所想的是体重秤上的数字增大了，所以会注重怎样把数字降下来，所以这里应该选择是B (lowering)降低的意思。

其他选项[A]recording(记录) [C]explaining(解释) [D]accepting(接受)都不能表达此意。

5. [答案] 【D】reach[解析] 此处是固定搭配题。

2019年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word （s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However【答案】[C] However【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。

2019考研英语⼆阅读理解真题 今天⼩编为⼤家提供2019考研英语⼆阅读理解真题，考研英语阅读理解分为四部分，⼀起来看看吧！希望这些题⺫都难不倒你！ 2019考研英语⼆阅读理解真题text1 Text1 Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve," says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary -feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shorfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to shared them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation " That's good news, " Malti says. " We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret,” 英语⼆阅读题 21.Researchers think that guit can be a good thing because it may help____ A) foster a child`s moral development B) regulate a child`s basic emontions C) improve a child`s intellectual ability D) intensity a child`s positive feelings 22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be____ A) inexcusable B) deception C) addictive D) burdensome 23.Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that A)emotions air context-independent B)an emotion can playopposing roles C)emotion are socially constructive D)emotional stability can benefit health 2019考研英语⼆阅读理解真题text2 Text 2 Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb. Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details. The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed. The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres. California's plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 —financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought. The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years. State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model. 26. “One of the harder challenges” implies ___ A. global climate change may get out of control B. forests may become a potential threat C. people may misunderstand global warming D. extreme weather conditions may arise 27. To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks", we may need to _ A.preserve diversity of species B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity C. accelerate the growth of young trees D. strike a balance among different plants 28.California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___ A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires. B. cultivate more drought resistant trees. C. find more effective ways to kill insects D. reduce the density of some of its forests 29. What is essential to California's plan according to para. 5? A. To obtain enough financial support B. To carry it out before 2020 C. To handle the areas in the serious danger first D. To perfect the emission-permit auctions 30.the author's attitude toward California's plan can be best described as ____ A. supportive B. ambiguous C. tolerant D. cautious 2019考研英语⼆阅读理解真题text3 Text 3 American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers. Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers. Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm. In a study published in 2013, economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolina’s farm-labor market and concluded, “There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers” in the state. This was true even in the depths of a severe recession. Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated. As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled. The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground. Petitioning each year for laborers—and hoping the government provides enough, and that they arrive on time—is no way to run a business. In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico. Without reliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to move south. According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy, Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good. But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere. In 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent. Rural U.S. communities that might have benefited didn’t. In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out. 31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs? A. discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S. B. biased laws in favor of some American businesses. C. flaws in US immigration rules for farm workers. D. decline of job opportunities in US agriculture. 32. One trouble with US. Agriculture workforce is___ A. the rising number of illegal immigrants. B. the high mobility of crop workers. C. the lack of experienced labors. D. the aging of immigrant farm workers. 33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in US farming? A. To attract younger laborers to farm work. B. To get native US workers back to farming. C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops. D. To strengthen financial support for famers. 34. Agriculture employers complain about the H-2A visa for its____? A. slow granting procedures. B. limit on duration of stay. C. tightened requirements. D. control of annual admissions. 35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text? A. US Agriculture in Decline. B. Import Food or Labor? C. America Saved by Mexico? D. Manpower vs. Automation? 2019考研英语⼆阅读理解真题text4 Text 4 Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis. If only I’d realized that we can buy our way out of the problem except we can’t. The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead with your wallets. The problem of perpetuating this individualistic narrative is that it's not going to get us very far and the plastics crisis we face is immense. Our oceans are blighted by the stuff. It's in our drinking water (including bottled water), and we could even be breathing it in. I'm not dismissing individual actions like ordering straw-free drinks at bars, or opting for a reusable water bottle over a cup that's going in the trash as soon as you've used it. I can't imagine not at least trying to minimize my own plastics footprint, whether it's lugging home my newly-refilled gallon bottle of washing-up liquid every few months, or buying packaging-free food, clothing and toiletries where possible. On their own, however, none of these things is enough. Part of my worry about leaving it up to the individual is that we're all just guessing at what's going on out there-and that's if we haven't been scared off from doing anything to start with in the face of such a huge challenge. As consumers, we have little idea about how much plastic has been used and discarded along the supply chain, for example. It's also hard to compare, say, going to a bulk store that sells plastic-free products but requires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you may end up taking home some packaged items. There’s also a time and cost issue. Realistically, I'm not going to start making my own laundry detergents so I can avoid the plastic bottles they come in, and there can be extra costs associated with environmentally friendly products. My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge. While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day 2018's key messages is there anything about voting for environmentally progressive politicians, for example. Why not? It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural. This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal. De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior. None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not something we can buy. 36. Some celebrities star in a new video to A. demand new laws on the use of plastics B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis 37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may A. mislead us into doing worthless things B. prevent us from making further efforts C. weaken our sense of accomplishment D. suppress our desire for success 38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicates that A. our focus should be shifted to community welfare B. our relationship with local industries is improving C. we have been actively exercising our civil rights D. We should press our governments to lead the combat 39. De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be A. a win-win arrangement B. a self-driven mechanism C. a cost- effective approach D. a top down process 40. The author concludes that individual efforts A. can be too aggressive B. are far from sufficient C. can be too inconsistent D. are far from rational。