木材科学专业词汇
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细裂纹:木材中存在的、不会贯穿整个横截面的纤维纵向分离。
细裂纹是干燥期间的拉伸应力造成的。
腐蚀:木质因真菌作用而分解。
(其它术语:腐朽、腐败)密度:单位体积的重量。
木材的密度受树木生长速度、晚材百分率影响,单根木材的密度还受心材所占比例影响。
耐用性:木材对腐蚀性真菌、昆虫及海洋穿孔动物的耐受性能。
尺寸稳定性:描述木材的一个截面是否具有耐受体积随木材含水量变化的能力的一个术语。
(其它术语:性能变化)图形:木材表面由年轮、木材射髓、木节、与规则木纹的偏差(例如斜交及波纹)、以及不规则色彩所产生的图案。
木纹:锯木中的木材纤维的方向、大小、排列、外观或质素。
直纹木表示其所含纤维及其它纵向成份与木材轴线平行的木材。
树胶窝:木材中局部存在的树脂或树胶的过量积聚。
硬度:木材对球印试验和磨耗试验的耐受能力,数值单位以牛顿(N)表示,表示一个直径11.3毫米的球体打入木材深度达到其直径一半时所需的荷载。
阔叶木:适用于由落叶及常绿阔叶树生产的木材的一个名词。
本术语与木材的实际硬度无关。
心材:生长中的树木的较内层木材,该层木材不再含有活细胞。
心材的颜色通常比边材深,但是心材与边材之间并不总是存在清楚差异的。
弹性模量:将一件材料拉伸至其两倍长度或压缩至其一半长度所需的一种假设应力。
一种木材的弹性模量数值单位以兆帕[MPa-等于牛顿/毫米2(N/mm2)]表示,是以数小片清洁的干木材所作的试验结果为根据。
含水量(M.C.):木材所含的水份的重量,以水份在烘干木材中所占百分比率表示。
木髓斑点:木材组织中出现的木髓状不规则变色条纹,由成长中的树木受昆虫侵蚀而成。
边材:树干木材的较外区域,位于树皮下方。
边材通常比心材浅色,而且缺乏抗腐蚀能力。
收缩:木材干燥至含水量低于纤维饱和含水量(通常大约为含水量25-27%)时,木材纤维出现的收缩。
收缩值以新伐木材尺寸的百分率表示。
比重:一种物质的重量与同体积水重量比较的相对重量。
木材的比重值以新伐木材体积和烘干重量为基准给出。
木材基础知识1、基本术语针叶材(树)、阔叶材(树):木材学意义上的分类和植物学不同,它是根据木材纤维构成来分的,即具有导管和木射线的是阔叶材,具有管胞和树脂道的是针叶材。
硬材、软材:通常意义上,木材学中将针叶树材称作软木(),将阔叶树材称作硬木()。
但是贸易中,这种称法往往被误解,硬木会泛指硬度、密度(容积重)比较大的木材,软木则用来泛指硬度、密度(容积重)较小的木材。
目前多层实木地板和实木地板的面层的选材以阔叶材为主。
早材:木材在一年的生长周期中,春天和夏天的温度比较高,雨量比较充沛,生长较快,该部分木材称为早材。
晚材:木材在一年的生长周期中,秋天和冬天的温度比较低,雨量稀少,生长较慢,该部分木材称为晚材。
年轮:在一个生长季内,由早材过渡到晚材是渐进的,一般说来早材不如晚材紧密,在木材的横切面上出现一个完整的轮状结构称为年轮。
边材:木材的边部颜色较浅的部分,俗称边材。
芯材:木材芯部颜色较深的部分,俗称芯材。
不同的树种边材和芯材的差异性不同,木材生长速度越慢,生长年代也长,边材和芯材的颜色和材性差异性越大,一般速生材边材和芯材的颜色和材性差异不明显,珍贵树种边材和芯材差异性明显,例如花梨和酸枝等红木其边材颜色很浅,极易腐朽,但芯材颜色深,极耐腐朽。
木材的早材和晚材、边材和芯材的综合影响形成了木材天然的纹理变化和色差。
纤维与纤维形态:纤维形态主要指纤维细胞的长度、宽度、长宽比、壁厚和各种细胞本身的形态特征等。
而在植物学中,纤维一词仅指韧皮纤维与被子植物中呈纺锤状的细长细胞。
纤维是纤维板的最主要和最有用的部份。
植物纤维细胞的3个主要化学成分和抽提物:纤维素、半纤维素、木素。
纤维素:是组成纤维细胞的骨架和主体,无纤维素不能称之为纤维,因此,纤维素是决定纤维板强度的根本因素。
原料纤维素含量高,意味着原料纤维获得率高,产品的机械强度高。
2、木材的三个切面横截面:垂直于树干的切面,具有明显的圆形年轮和心材、边材。
木材:树木的躯干及较粗大枝条的次生木质部,由形成层分生所形成。
幼龄材:它位于髓心附近, 幼龄材围绕髓呈柱体, 是受顶端分生组织活动影响的形成层区域所产生的次生木质部。
也即未成熟的形成层产生的木材。
边材(sapwood):许多树种的木材(生材)横切面上,靠近树皮部分,材色较浅,水分较多,称为边材。
心材(heartwood):许多树种木材(生材)的横切面上,靠近髓心部分,材色较深,水分较少,称为心材。
熟材(ripewood):一部分树种,如云杉属、冷杉属、水青冈、山杨等,生材时树干中心部分与外围部分的材色无区别,但含水量不同,中心水分较少的部分可称为熟材心材树种:木材横切面上中心部位木材和外围部位木材材色有差异,水分含量有差异,中心部位水分含量少的树种。
边材树种:木材横切面上中心部位木材和外围部位木材材色无差异,水分含量也无差异的树种。
熟材树种:木材横切面上中心部位木材和外围部位木材材色无差异,但水分含量有差异,中心部位水分含量少的树种。
生长轮(growth ring):通过形成层的活动,树木在一个生长周期所产生的次生木质部,在橫切面上呈现一个围绕着髓心的完整轮状结构,称为生长轮或生长层。
年轮(annual growth ring):如果在温带和寒带,树木的生长周期在一年中只有一度,形成层在一年中向内只生长一层木材,那么此时的生长轮也叫年轮。
早材(early wood):温带和寒带的树木,通常生长季节早期所形成的木材或热带树木在雨季形成的木材,由于环境温度高,水分足,细胞分裂快,所形成的细胞腔大壁薄,材质较松软,材色浅,称为早材;晚材(late wood):温带和寒带的树木,通常生长季节晚期所形成的木材或热带树木在旱季形成的木材,由于树木的营养物质流动缓慢,形成层细胞的活动逐渐减弱,细胞分裂慢,所形成的细胞腔小壁厚,材质较致密,材色深,称为晚材。
导管(vessel):是绝大多数阔叶树材具有的中空状轴向输导组织,为一串轴向的细胞组成;胞间道:分泌细胞围绕而成的长形胞间空隙。
常用木材知识大全集一、木材相关术语1. 密度:密度是根据木材干燥至标准含水量得出的。
同时密度也与硬度、强度和应用的难易度相关。
(木材一般含水率为60%,经干燥后使用,北方一般含水率为12%,南方15%左右)高手一般拿脸来测含水量,上线误差百分之二2. 耐久性:木材的耐久性其实也就是它的抗腐蚀性,对于是否可以作为户外使用来说是非常重要的。
有一些木材尤其容易受虫蛀影响(而另外一些则防虫蛀)3. 花纹:花纹是木材表面形成鲜明条纹状的材色、年轮、纹理、结疤、瑕疵以及其他自然细节,相当于宏观的纹理。
4. 纹理:纹理是用来描述树里面木纤维的方向的。
直木纹理、交错纹理、螺旋纹理、波形纹理,还有一些木材会形成不规则纹理。
5. 肌理:木材的细胞管孔和射线的大小,通常粗糙的肌理会有较大的细胞管孔,在进行表面处理的时候要填缝。
6. 心材:树干中间的无功能的木质被称为心材。
其颜色要比边材暗,更耐用并且能够防虫蛀7. 边材:树干外部、相对较软的部分。
当树还活着,这些组织可以运送水、矿物质和储存食物。
边材厚度因不同物种而存在较大差异8. 木射线:这些条状的细胞与年轮90度的角度排布。
他们在一些木材中显而易见,如橡木,如在一些木材中几乎看不到二、木材样板展示(实木类介绍)1. 松木颜色:白色带黄色木纹特点:有特有的松木清香,密度较低、韧性较好,木纤维较长,易于刨削,富含树脂,价格便宜用途:儿童家具、建材2. 白木(梧桐科)颜色:白色略带暖黄色(和上木蜡油有关)特点:生材具臭鸡蛋气味,纹理交错,材质轻软、不耐磨,但不开裂用途:制作胶合板,做乐器,轻型家具,是白杨和云杉的优质替代品3. 桦木(桦木科)颜色:颜色较浅,白偏微粉特点:富含弹性,不耐磨,桦木多汁,胶合性能好。
成材后易变形,少见全部用桦木制作的桌椅、速生树种用途:家具、乐器4. 水曲柳(木犀科)颜色:白或者有一点点淡黄色,光泽强特点:弦切面有水样波纹,略具蜡质感,结构粗,强度高,耐水,略耐腐,蒸汽弯折的良材,与白蜡极为相似,国产居多用途:窗台门套、家具、地板、造船5. 白蜡(木犀科)颜色:奶白色或略带粉红特点:木头中的王宝强,平衡实用,性价比很高的木材、产量也大,花纹略狂野,浅色木底。
木材材综合利用wood comprehensive utilization全树利用whole-tree utilization, complete-tree utilization 木材工艺学wood technology制材lumbering制材产品lumber product锯材sawn timber成材lumber板材board方材square毛方cant毛边材unedged lumber板条strip半圆材half-round wood半成材shop lumber净面材clear cutting board板皮slab下脚料offcuts跑锯材miss cut lumber粗锯材unwrought timber小方材butten钝棱材waney lumber灰板条lath制材工艺sawing technology原木剥皮log barking原木整形log rough rounding划线下锯pattern line sawing锯剖图sawing pattern避心下锯法side cut抽心下锯法box heart sawing弦向下锯法plain sawing, flat sawing径向下锯法center sawn三面下锯法three-faced sawing四面下锯法four-faced sawing毛板下锯法through-and-through sawing 锯路saw kerf[锯]齿料tooth setting拨料briar dressing, spring set压料swaging, swage set[原木]出材量mill run出材率out-put, percentage of cut-turn 木材干燥wood drying自然干燥natural seasoning, air seasoning又称“气干”。
人工干燥artificial seasoning除湿干燥dehumidification真空干燥vacuum drying微波干燥microwave drying太阳能干燥solar drying过热蒸汽干燥superheated steam drying高频干燥radio-frequency drying, high-frequency drying 高温干燥high-temperature drying气干材air-seasoned timber窑干材kiln-dried timber堆积材积stacked volume干燥基准drying schedule, kiln schedule干燥应力drying stress含水率梯度moisture gradient干燥缺陷drying defect表面硬化casehardening中心硬化reverse casehardening又称“逆表面硬化”。
木材科学与技术专业英语Lesson 1 Word and vocabulary Base on :基于State-planned:计划经济Follow therelationship between the supply and demand:遵循供求关系Resource allocation:资源分配Woodsupply shortage:木材资源短缺Be used to doing :习惯于Used to do Forester :林务官,护林人Renew:更新Rehabilitation :恢复Forest cover:森林覆盖Forest cover percent:森林覆盖率Chinese Ministry of Forestry:中国林业部Chinese forest bureau:中国林业局Productioncapacity:生产能力Housing :建筑Pulp and paper:制桨造纸Fuel:薪材Domestic supply:国内供应Afforestation:绿化Sentence 1 So far, China has been losing its forest resourcesat a rate of about 1.4 million ha/yr, or about 2.5 ha every minute. This is mainly due to indiscriminate felling, state-planned felling programs and natural disasters 2 With morethan one-fifth of the world’s population, China in 1988 had only 3%of the world’s forest cover, on 12% of the country’s land. In 2004 China had 16.7% forest cover of the land. 3 Moreover, according to statistics from the Chinese Ministry of Forestry, it is estimatedthat per-capita consumption of forest products will rise from 0.056 m3 in 1958 to 0.2 m3 in 1990(0.28 m3 now ). The world’s average currently is 0.58 m3 per capitation and 1.0 m3 per capitation for developed countries ) questions What is about wood supply and demand in China ? How to solve great gaps between wood supply and demand ? Lesson2 Word andvocabulary Gross feature :宏观特征定义Softwood and heartwood:软材心材Stem , trunk andbark:树干树皮Woody material:木质材料Utilization :利用Conversion :转化Chip and chipboard:木片碎料板Timber ,wood and lumber:木材锯材Hand lens;普通放大镜Growthincrement, growth ring and growth layer:生长轮与annual ring 却别Consist of and becomposed of Woody cells 木细胞Physiological role:生理作用Patterns of distribution:分布形态Vary with:变化Longitudinally :纵向Make up:构成Bulk体积grain :纹理Xylem:木质部parenchyma and prosenchyma:薄壁组织和锐端细胞组织。
家具木材专业词汇银白杨异常(木)材吸音纤维板吸(隔)音板可调节的样板成年材非洲黑木黄檀非洲乌木非洲桃花心木非洲紫檀老化,陈化大气干燥天然干燥阿拉斯加冷杉木阿拉斯加柏木赤杨类美国白蜡木美国山毛榉美国榆,白榆美国悬铃木美国鹅掌揪年轮望板金属贴面板棱人造板人造木材白蜡木白杨类阿拉伯胶树背板背板衬板落羽杉竹子椴木,美国椴木条板心细木工板山毛榉木山毛榉拼花地板(弯)曲木白桦,雀眼枫木板塞角拼花地板细工木板板材底板顺弯枝条材巴西桃花心木净面边材,无皮边材阔叶材,硬材美国深色白蜡木树疤,树瘤垫板,衬板雪松,杉木乌木樱桃木智利松(中国)漆树木屑普一级普二级胶压木压缩木针叶树种多层板软木三角叶杨,杨木(毛白杨类)弯曲木拉档丫权翘弯皱纹桦木板弯曲层积材曲型合板针叶树护墙板,墙裙防潮镶板初腐阔叶树种é镶板,装饰板多层木强化木材木材密度啃头切削量(深度)散孔材规格规格材波纹鸡翅木门框门衬板燕尾榫圆榫屉旁板净材(美国)东部杨木(加拿大)铁杉落叶松(美国)白松乌木封边榆木榆木树瘤薄木板截头英国悬铃木桉木,桉树(类)柠檬铁皮桉木板欧洲樱桃木板欧洲白蜡木欧洲桦木欧洲桦木欧洲栗木欧洲穗子榆欧洲七叶树欧洲落叶松欧洲椴木欧洲云杉欧洲紫杉木丝板外来木室外用胶合板表面单板一级和二级单面一级纤维板提琴背(板)乐器用材影木梧桐影木纤维板碎料板薄片刨花耐火纤维板平切纹板材地板平(光)镶板模压(成型)胶合板中空合板来自可持续发展的森林家具规格材家具胶合板制作家具用的薄片离缝(美国)侧柏光泽度等级成材等级分等级纹理朴树手工挑选硬质纤维板硬枫木,械树(美国)梓树心板山核桃木压缩胶合板,高密度胶合板超光泽度() 高强度抗湿细木工板打眼蜂窝心胶合板黄花梨木木材识别仿制材进口材(合成树脂)浸渍木印度樟木印度栗木印度肉桂印度乌木“”印度“月桂树”虫眼装板安装地板条日本山毛榉日本落叶松() 日本赤松罗汉柏日本五须松企口地板无缝地板克若利安桦木板锯路宽度非洲桃花心木窑干松木人工窑干燥材种紫花泡桐节子可随时拆卸的框架木节,节疤层压层积材,多层胶合木腿,脚木材水力切割原木原木等级家具种类专业词汇可调床气床古式家具仿古家具扶手椅婴儿床不设背板的壁橱竹家具宴会椅吧椅浴室配套装置浴室组合柜浴室多用架浴室家具浴室盥洗台板条门床架,床套成套床架卧室系列家具床架曲木家具床头柜桦木门会议桌书柜书架配套厨房家具双层床双层床儿童多功能床船用家具带天篷的床,四柱床边音响组合柜脚轮椅可调桌多屉橱柜童床’ 儿童床’ 儿童卧房系列家具’ 儿童椅( ) 整体拆装式家具挂衣杆吧柜,酒柜鸡尾酒桌茶几,咖啡桌组合柜复合家具小桌(装在墙上的)蜗形腿台桌订做家具,承建家具订做家具拐角扶杆童床(婴儿床)长沙发椅橱柜套房衣柜窗帘,挂帘订做家具装饰灯具餐厅家具起居室配套家具餐桌长沙发,沙发床隔墙板与系列自装式家具双人床双人沙发床双面镜吧椅抽屉梳妆台轻便椅茶几门厅家具户外门文件柜壁炉固定家具家居用品翻门花架平面门,全板门折叠椅折叠家具民间家具踏脚凳带框镜子模式家具法式桌椅弯脚玻璃门多功能沙发椅卧室家具公共场所家具玩具桌折叠桌玻璃陈设柜玻璃陈设柜玻璃容器制品玻璃门厅房家具衣帽架床头祖传家具儿童高脚床(不带屉柜)高脚椅高背办公椅家庭家具,民用家具家庭办公家具酒店家具家庭家具碗架风俗家具,公用家具学生书桌椅厨房地砖餐具柜, 厨房椅、圆凳与条椅厨房固定家具厨房餐桌厨房成套家具灯桌板条格直板门写字板椅起居室家具衣帽柜客厅家具百叶窗柜门低背办公椅低背来宾椅低背接待椅中背经理椅镶边平板门床垫,席梦思中背办公椅金属家具玻璃门多屉柜梳妆镜多用沙发多用桌茶几配套家具,休闲家具休闲桌办公家具办公座椅办公桌隔断折面桌园艺工用椅塑料家具娱乐家具高背办公椅伸缩餐具藤家具躺椅长餐桌摇摆椅转椅乡村风格家具课桌屏风痤椅痤垫秘书椅三面梳妆镜半拆装家具送餐桌家具生产与技术词汇高质量不褪色具有高密度的特殊粒子层的镶板机械磨蚀磨损硬度砂带磨粒砂纸绝对温度绝对粘度加速老化业绩完成空气循环气干条件无气喷涂总费用精加工留量,裕度具有惊人的逼真效果的木材装饰… 每年平均生产。
一、木材的缺陷:节子knot 活节live knot 死节dead knot 夹皮bark pocket 腐朽rot变色stain 木材变色wood stain化学变色chemical stain木材腐朽rot/decay环裂shake裂纹check表面裂纹surface check干裂crack/seasoning check内部干裂inner check缺陷defect边材sap虫眼insect hole/worm hole丹宁tannin侧弯spring两端翘/顺弯bow/bowing翘曲warping扭曲distortion/twist变形deformation二、木材树干trunk树皮bark/cortex年轮growth ring/annual ring假年轮faulse annual ring木材缺陷defect of wood针叶树conifer灌木shrub/bush落叶树deciduous tree长绿树evergreen纹理grain纹理方向grain direction交错纹理cross grain有纹理的grained斜纹理dip grain火焰纹flame figure径切面纹理comb-grain弦切面纹理flat-grain导管vessel木纤维woodfiber外观缺陷open defect心材heart wood边材sapwood/duramen内含边材inside sapwood采伐cutting/felling/logging木浆wood pulp三、木材处理及加工1、变色处理沉泡immersion内应力internal stress变色discoloration漂白剂bleach漂白bleaching灭火装置fire extinguishing device2、干燥处理含水率moisture content自然晾晒natural seasoning/air seasoning 干燥窑dry kiln窑干kiln-seasoning干燥时间drying time最初含水率initial moisture content动态平衡active equilibrium水分平衡water equilibrium化学成分chemical composition采样sampling随机取样random sampling安全措施safety measures偶然误差random error熏蒸fumigation毛刺wooly grain3、胶胶粘性adhesivness固化剂hardener胶粘剂adhesive胶层lacquering line漆膜形成varnish formation调胶glue mixing涂胶glue-spreading单面涂胶single spread gluing涂胶/开胶degumming缺胶层starved glue line4、漆底漆priming paint /primer有机溶剂organic solvent二道底漆interlayer底色bottom color底涂bottom coat/priming paint喷漆spray painting喷涂spray coating表面涂刷external coating初涂initial coatingVarnish清漆清漆varnish paint/varnish水性涂料water paint稀料thinner防潮漆damp-proof paint涂膜paint film透明漆clear finishes树脂resin固体含量solid content浓度consistency防水剂water-proof agent颜料pigment沉淀剂sendimentation agent沉淀sendimentation搅匀homogenize质量要求demand on quality5、板材种类人造板artificial boards复合板材composite wood board芯板材core board装饰板decorative board细木工板blockboard纤维板fiber board中密度纤维板medium-density fiberboard 刨花板chipboard麦秸板straw board软质纤维板non-compressed fiberboard 规格板standard board6、加工工艺横截crosscut方材square废木/残材refuse wood木片/碎料wood chip锯屑saw dust切削成型cut-to-shape筛选screen开榫tenon打榫眼mortise梳齿榫finger joint开槽groove cutting钻孔boring集成材fingerboard压刨thicknessing平刨planing分选selection盘头end trimming/horizontal trimming方边edge trimming/panel sizing在齿上刷胶cementing拼板splicing横拼cross feed splicing检验inspection砂光sanding腻子wood putty/wood flour打磨abrading组装assembly7、设备单面木工刨床single-side woodworking thicknesser木工平刨床surface planer单片锯/速锯single sizer圆锯circular saw齐端截锯机equalizer梳齿榫开榫机finger joint shaper指接机finger jointing machine/finger joint assembler/finger joint clamp 四面刨four-sides planing and moulding machine芯板拼板机lumber core composer裁板锯panel sizing saw截头锯cut-off saw宽带砂光机wide belt sander带锯band saw推台锯sliding table saw万能锯universal saw镂铣机high speed router铣床moulder/shaper/miller单轴多排木工钻床single-head multi-hole boring machine双轴多排木工钻床double-head multi-hole boring machine卧带式砂光机horizontal belt sander立带式砂光机vertical belt sander砂布/砂纸abrasive cloth/sanding paper盘式打磨机impact disk mill8、家具五金件Hinge 合叶脚轮caster滑道chute滑动卡尺slide caliperKnob (门,抽屉等的)球型捏手Dimension 尺寸(任何一种量度)/大小Screen屏幕/帘子/隔板9、家具Buffet 碗橱/餐具架Chest 橱/柜/箱Chest of drawers五斗柜Shelve把…放在架子上Wardrobe衣柜/衣橱Wardrobe case挂衣箱Wardrobe bed衣柜床Rack 行李架/货架Display rack陈列商品的货架10、装饰材料Moulding 线条Base mouldings壁带Casing 门窗框Siding 侧线/外壁板Crowns 花冠Concave 凹的Concavity凹状Strip 条/带、条纹/边框/边条Bevel 斜角/斜面Groove 沟/槽Angle 角度Inclination 倾斜/斜度/斜角Crib 婴儿床/栅栏Profile轮廓/外观/简介Panel (常为矩形的)镶板/护墙板/建筑板材Stool 内窗台/凳子Rabbet (木板等的)槽口,开槽口于Sash 窗扇Ply 使胶合/(木的)板层Sill 门槛/窗台Wainscot 壁板/装饰墙壁的材料Wainscoting 壁板料/壁板Dado 护墙板Closet 壁橱/小房间Cabinet 橱柜Baluster 栏杆的支柱/栏杆Balustrade 栏杆/楼梯栏杆Handrail 栏杆扶手Stock 库存/托盘Lattice 格子窗Trellis 格子棚/凉亭Astragal 半圆线脚Bead 有孔小珠/露珠Shelving 做棚架用的材料Casket 首饰盒/匣子Stile 阶梯/台阶/门边Jamb 旁柱Roofed 有屋顶的Cribbing 做围栏用的材料Paneling 镶板/嵌板。
木材科学专业词汇大全Mechanical Properties of Wood木材的力学性质木材流变学rheology of wood弹性elasticity塑性plasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity蠕变creep蠕变恢复creep recovery应变strain应力stress应力—应变曲线stress-strain curve 分应力stress component分应变strain component应力松驰stress relaxation松弛失效failure byrelaxation疲劳fatigue刚性模量modulus of rigidity变形deformation载荷loading各向异性anisotropy正交对称性rhombic symmetry弹性形变elastic deformation弹性常数elastic constant木材弹性异向性the anisotropic elasticity of wood对称轴axis of symmetry柔度compliance泊松比Poisson’s ratio压缩系数compressibility体积模量bulk modulus理想弹性变形ideal elastic deformation粘滞流动形变viscous flow deformation木材硬度hardness of wood屈服点yieldpoint拉伸tension压缩compression弯曲bending木材冲击韧性toughness of wood木材抗劈强度cleavage strength of wood木材抗弯强度bending strength of wood木材静曲弹性模量the modulus of elasticity in static bending of wood木材顺纹抗剪强度shearing strength parallel to grain of wood木材顺纹抗拉强度tensile strength parallel to grain of wood木材顺纹抗压强度compressive strength parallel to grain of wood木材横纹压力compression perpendicular to grain of wood木材横纹抗压弹性模量modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to grain of wood静力试验测定determination by static test动态试验测定determination by dynamic test木材断裂力学Fracture Mechanics ofWood断裂韧性FractureToughness裂纹shake(check)径裂heart shake轮裂ring shake环裂round shake弧裂cup shake冻裂frost crack干裂drying shake贯通裂through shake脆性破碎(brittle/brash fracture):又称做胡萝卜破碎。
timber 木材annual rainfall年降雨量eucalyptus 桉树drought 干旱cultivate 种植moist 湿润slope 山坡deciduous 落叶hardwood 硬木conifer 针叶树resistant to decay 坑腐蚀性forest science / forestry 林学tree physiology 树木生理学forest soil science 森林土壤学forest ecology 森林生态学 foresttree breeding 森林育种学 forest pathology 森林病理学 forest mensuration 侧树学 virgin forest原始林natural forest 天然林 fast-growing and high-yield plantation coniferous forest 针叶林 mangrove forest 红树林timber forest 用材林 non-timber product forest 经济林 forest for special use 特殊用材林 mixedforest 混交林 evenaged forest 同龄林 uniform stand 单层林分dominant tree species 优势树种association tree species 半生树种pioneer tree species 先锋树种forest tree improvement 林木改良superior tree 优树introduction of exotic species 林木引种seed orchard 种子园clonal seed crchard 无性系种子园rogued seed orchard 去劣种子园clonal test 无性系测定average temperature 平均气温deciduous broadleaf trees 落叶阔叶树shelter belts 防护林带cold waves 寒潮foliage 叶子valley山谷tropical 热带evergreen 常绿softwood 软木broadleaf 阔叶树main trunk主干dendrology树木学forest meteorology森林气象学forest biology森林生物学forest economic 林业经济学forest genetics 森林遗传学forest entomology森林昆虫学forest management 森林经理学secondary forest 次生林forest plantation / man-made forest人工林速生丰产林broad leaved forest 阔叶林forest category 林种protection forest防护林firewood forest薪炭林energy forest 能源林pure forest 纯林uneven aged forest 异龄林mulit-storied stand复层林分subdominant tree species 亚优势树种native tree species 乡土树种selection of tree 林木选择superior stand 优良林分seed production stand 母树林tree breeding 树木育种seedling seed orchard 实生苗种子园progeny test 子代测定 forestation 造林。
木材学知识点总结一、木材的组成木材主要由细胞壁和细胞腔组成,细胞壁包括纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,而细胞腔则包括空气和液体。
这些成分在木材组织中的比例和分布方式不同,导致了不同种类木材的性能也有所差异。
1. 纤维素纤维素是木材中最主要的成分之一,约占木材总重的40-50%。
它是一种由葡萄糖分子组成的高聚物,在细胞壁中形成了纤维状结构,赋予木材优良的强度和刚性。
2. 半纤维素半纤维素也是木材的主要成分之一,占木材总重的15%左右。
它与纤维素交织在一起,起到增加木材弹性和减小收缩膨胀性能的作用。
3. 木质素木质素是一种天然高分子化合物,在木材中占据着较大的比例。
它赋予木材耐腐性和抗菌性能,在某些情况下还可以增加木材的硬度和强度。
4. 空气和液体木材细胞腔中包含有大量的空气和液体,它们对木材的密度和声学性能有重要影响。
空气和液体的存在使得木材具有一定的吸音和隔音性能,同时也影响了木材的干燥性能和防腐性能。
二、木材的分类根据木材的来源、结构和性能,可以将木材进行多种分类。
常见的分类包括:1. 按来源分类(1) 硬木和软木:硬木主要指来自落叶乔木的木材,比如橡木、榉木等;软木指来自针叶树的木材,比如松木、杉木等。
(2) 阔叶木和针叶木:阔叶木主要指叶片宽大的木材,如橡木、榉木等;针叶木指叶片为针状的木材,比如松木、杉木等。
2. 按结构分类(1) 非波纹木和波纹木:非波纹木的纹理较为均匀,波纹木的纹理则呈现波浪状。
(2) 普通木和异质木:普通木指全木质结构的木材,如橡木、松木等;异质木包括有机质和一定比例矿质的木材,比如煤化木、石化木等。
3. 按性能分类(1) 硬木和软木:硬木一般具有较高的强度和硬度,而软木则较为柔软和易加工。
(2) 干湿性能:根据木材的干湿性能,可以将其分为湿性木和干性木。
三、木材的干燥木材的干燥是指木材中水分的减少过程,通过干燥处理可以提高木材的硬度和强度,并减小其收缩率。
常见的木材干燥方法包括自然干燥和人工干燥。
木材性质术语木材性质术语1. 硬度:硬度是指木材耐机械损伤的能力,它可以用功比测定,以用来作为选材时的一个重要参考,可以分为钢锤功比、木锉功比和棍子功比。
2. 韧性:韧性就是木材能承受弯曲、压缩、拉伸、挤压等处理而不易损坏的能力,它是木材利用率和变形量的评判标准。
3. 回弹率:回弹率就是指木材受力应变后,恢复其静态形状的能力,常见的有折弯回弹率、压缩回弹率和张拉回弹率。
4. 热变形:热变形是指木材在50%至90%的热处理作用下因外力变形而发生的改变,这种改变主要反映在外观形状的变化,以及结构体的破坏。
5. 道家线:道家线是指木材加工过程中所造成的间隙线,形成的原因一般是由于不协调的木材物理变化,或是在木材加工时所发生的磨损及内爆伤产生的缝隙等。
6. 水分含量:水分含量是指木材中所含有水分的含量,这对木材材料来说是十分重要的,它决定着木材在内部及外部环境中性质变化的倾向。
7. 剪切强度:剪切强度是指木材外表面微小变形在特定应力下受到特定尺寸的断面的应力的强度,它是保证木料机械承载能力的最重要的物理性质之一。
8. 弹性模量:弹性模量也称作线性弹性模量,是应变能量和在被加载后拉伸部分受力时长度发生了变化的线性关系。
换句话说,它描述了木料在外力作用下形变能力的大小。
9. 弯曲强度:弯曲强度指的是木材的强度,它可以测量当木材处于曲面形状下的抗力能力,这个强度值还可以用来作为检验木料的品质时的一项参考依据。
10. 导电性:导电性指的是木料的电导性,即木料的电子在木料中的流动性能,它主要取决于木料水分含量的高低,它决定了木料的电机械特性,这在决定木料使用环境时尤为重要。
木材结构心材、边材、早材、晚材、管孔、纹孔、穿孔、井字区、螺纹加厚、结晶区、无定形区、氢键、树脂道、导管、管胞、木射线、纤维、木纤维、同胞射线、异胞射线、同型射线、异型射线木材的特点树木来自种子植物,可分为两大类:裸子植物,针叶树材,无孔材,软材;被子植物,阔叶树材,有孔材,硬材;树木生长是高生长和直径生长共同作用的结果;分别起源于顶端分生组织和侧向分生组织分生活动。
表皮原——表皮※顶端分生组织皮层原——皮层初生韧皮部(高生长)中柱原——中柱初生维管束维管束形成层髓初生木质部次生韧皮部维管束形成层(直径生长)次生木质部形成层原始细胞的种类及功能针叶树材韧皮部的细胞:筛胞、韧皮纤维、韧皮轴向薄壁细胞、韧皮射线、石细胞,其特有细胞是筛胞阔叶树材韧皮部的细胞有筛管、伴胞、韧皮纤维、韧皮轴向薄壁细胞、韧皮射线、石细胞,其特有细胞是筛管、伴胞阔叶材管孔的排列分布;阔叶树材轴向薄壁组织的分类(宏观、显微);检索表类型和特点:对分检索表,穿孔卡检索表,计算机木材识别系统。
对分检索表是使用最广泛的方法。
韧皮部形成:(1)由顶端(原)分生组织向外分生初生韧皮部(与表皮、皮层很难分开)。
(2)由形成层射线原始细胞向外分生次生韧皮部。
(3)由皮层的最外侧形成木栓形成层向外、内分生木栓层、栓内层,形成周皮。
木材形成:形成层母细胞的分裂形成新(子)细胞;新生细胞和组织充分分化和成熟;成熟细胞的蓄积。
树木的从小到大结构单元:纤维素大分子(链)—基本纤丝—微纤丝—纤丝—大纤丝—薄层—各层—细胞壁—细胞—组织—器官—树干—树木壁层结构:分别描述针、阔叶树材组成细胞分子:针:轴向:厚壁:轴向管胞 树脂管胞 索状管胞薄壁:轴向薄壁细胞 轴向树脂道泌脂细胞 伴生薄壁细胞 横向:厚壁:射线管胞薄壁:射线薄壁细胞 横生树脂道泌脂细胞 伴生薄壁细胞 阔:轴向:厚壁:导管管胞 木纤维薄壁:轴向薄壁细胞 轴向树胶道的泌胶细胞 横向:厚壁:无薄壁:射线薄壁细胞 横生树胶道的泌胶细胞木材化学性质木材的化学组成:木材化学成分,有细胞壁物质和非细胞壁物质之分,或称为主要化学成分和少量化学成分。
木材科学专业词汇大全Mechanical Properties of Wood木材的力学性质木材流变学rheology of wood弹性elasticity塑性plasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity蠕变creep蠕变恢复creep recovery应变strain应力stress应力—应变曲线stress-strain curve 分应力stress component分应变strain component应力松驰stress relaxation松弛失效failure byrelaxation疲劳fatigue刚性模量modulus of rigidity变形deformation载荷loading各向异性anisotropy正交对称性rhombic symmetry弹性形变elastic deformation弹性常数elastic constant木材弹性异向性the anisotropic elasticity of wood对称轴axis of symmetry柔度compliance泊松比Poisson’s ratio压缩系数compressibility体积模量bulk modulus理想弹性变形ideal elastic deformation粘滞流动形变viscous flow deformation木材硬度hardness of wood屈服点yieldpoint拉伸tension压缩compression弯曲bending木材冲击韧性toughness of wood木材抗劈强度cleavage strength of wood木材抗弯强度bending strength of wood木材静曲弹性模量the modulus of elasticity in static bending of wood木材顺纹抗剪强度shearing strength parallel to grain of wood木材顺纹抗拉强度tensile strength parallel to grain of wood木材顺纹抗压强度compressive strength parallel to grain of wood木材横纹压力compression perpendicular to grain of wood木材横纹抗压弹性模量modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to grain of wood静力试验测定determination by static test动态试验测定determination by dynamic test木材断裂力学Fracture Mechanics ofWood断裂韧性FractureToughness裂纹shake(check)径裂heart shake轮裂ring shake环裂round shake弧裂cup shake冻裂frost crack干裂drying shake贯通裂through shake脆性破碎(brittle/brash fracture):又称做胡萝卜破碎。
木材学专业英语单词Aabrasion 磨损absorption 吸收acetate 醋酸盐acid copper chromate (ACC)酸性铬酸铜acquire 获得;取得adhere to 粘附,坚持,遵守adsorption 吸附(作用)aggregate rays 聚合射线ammoniacal copper arsenite (ACA)氯化亚砷酸铜amorphous region 无定形区,非结晶区anatomical 结构上的anatomy 结构angiosperm 被子植物arabinose 果胶糖,阿拉伯糖ash 白蜡树asphalt 沥青assembling 组坯axially 轴向地,轴状地Bbacteria 细菌(复数)bamboo 毛竹bark 树皮basswood 椴木be subjected to 受到,遭遇到beetle 甲虫birch 桦木blister 鼓泡block 木段blue stain 蓝变,青变bordered-pit 具缘纹孔borer 蛀虫bow 弓弯broadleaf tree 阔叶的brown stain 褐变browse 浏览Ccabinet 橱子,柜子cambium 形成层camphor 樟木capillary force 毛细管力carbohydrate 碳水化合物carcass 架子,骨架,构架carve 切开castanopsis 栲树catastrophic 大灾难的cavity of the cell 细胞腔cell distribution pattern 细胞排列类型cellulose 纤维素char 炭化check 干裂,开裂Chinese fir 杉木chip 木片chipboard 刨花板chlorophyll 叶绿素chromated copper arsenate(CCA) 铬化砷酸铜(加铬砷酸铜)chromium 铬circumference 圆周,周长clipper 剪切机cluster 一串,一束,一组,一群collapse 皱缩commercial lumber 商业木材,商品木compatible 可相容的,可共存的com-ply panel 组合板composite lumber 组合成材composite panel 复合板comprehend 了解,领会concoct 编造conifer 针叶树coniferous 针叶树的consecutively 连续地,顺序地continuous press 连续压机contour 画…的轮廓conveyor 运输机copper naphthenate 环烷酸铜corrosion 腐蚀,侵蚀crack 干裂,开裂creosote 杂酚油crook 弯曲,边弯crustacean 甲壳纲动物crystal 结晶crystalline 结晶的crystalline region 结晶区crystallite 微晶cup 横弯,瓦弯cure 固化Ddainty 轻巧的,精致的dashboard 挡泥板,仪表板deciduous 落叶的decorative veneer 装饰单板defibrate 热磨defibration 纤维分离defibrator 热磨机deflection 挠度deformation 变形delve 探究,钻研dentate thichenings 锯齿状加厚depression 凹地,凹陷derivatives 派生物,衍生物design 设计desorption 解吸作用deterioration 变质,败坏diamond 菱形变形diffuse porous wood 散孔材discoloration 变色distinctive 区别性的,有特色的,与众不同的distinguish 区别,识别,辨别distort 扭曲distortion 扭曲,畸形,变形Douglas-fir 花旗松drive off 驱散,蒸发,挥发drying defect 干燥缺陷dub 授予,给…取绰号dust stop 垃圾箱Eelliptical 椭圆的end check 端裂epithelial 分泌细胞equilibrium moisture content 平衡含水率erode 腐蚀,侵蚀evaporate 使蒸发evaporation 蒸发,蒸发作用evergreen 常绿的excelsior 木丝expedient 方便的,权宜之计explosion process 爆破法extractives 抽提物Ffaddish 一是流行的,喜爱时尚的fence post 篱柱(桩)fiber bundle 纤维束fiber saturation point 纤维饱和点fire-retardant salt 滞火剂flake 片状刨花flammable 易燃的,可燃物flammable gases 易燃气体flatsawn 弦切的flexure 挠曲,弯曲flimsy 脆弱的,易损坏的floor-joist 地板托梁fluctuation 波动,起伏,变化fluffy 松散的foliage 树叶forming medium 成型介质frigid 寒带的full-cell process 满细胞法fungal 真菌的,由真菌引起的fungi 真菌(复数)fungus 真菌(单数)Ggalactose 半乳糖give off 释放,散发glucose 葡萄糖glue-laminated beam 胶合层积梁gradient 梯度grain 纹理gross structure 宏观构造growth layer 年轮,生长层,生长轮growth ring 年轮gum canal 树胶道Hhardwood 硬材harmony 调和,协调hazard 危害,公害heartwood 心材helix 螺旋线(单)hemicellulose 半纤维素hexagonal 六角形的honeycomb 蜂窝hydrogen bond 氢键结合hydroxyl 羟基hygroscopic 吸湿的hysteresis 滞后现象Iimperfection 缺陷imperforate 无空隙的,不穿孔的impinge 碰撞,冲击in a general sense 从广义上来说in contrast to 与…相反in response to 响应,应…而,随…而incise 切入,切开indiscriminate 无选择的,不加区别的inhabit 居住于,栖居于,寄生于injurious 有害的,致伤的instantaneous 瞬时的,瞬间的intend for 想要,打算KKorean pine 红松Llarch 落叶松latent 潜热latent heat 潜伏热lateral 侧向的lathe 旋切机lay-up 组坯libriform fiber 木纤维,韧性纤维lignin 木质素log 原木logging 采伐longitudinal tracheid 轴向管胞lumen 细胞腔(单)lumina 细胞腔(复)Mmachilus 楠木magnification 放大mahogany 红木,桃花木mannose 甘露糖margin 边缘marine 海上的,海生的masson pine 马尾松mast 桅杆mat 板坯,板材mature tree 成熟林menisci 弯月面(液柱的)(复数)meniscus 弯月面(液柱的)单microfibril 微纤丝middle lamella 胞间层migration 迁移,移动mobile homes 房车molecules 分子,微粒mollusk 软体动物multiple pores 复管孔Nnondestructive testing 无损检测Oobstruct 阻塞,堵塞,阻碍,阻止octagonal 八角形的overlay 覆面,贴面板Pparenchynma 薄壁组织patio 庭院,室外就餐处paulownia 泡桐peeler 旋切机peeling 旋切pentachlorophenol 五氯苯酚perforate 钻孔,打孔phenylpropane 苯丙烷phloem 韧皮部photosynthesis 光合作用pine 松木pit 纹孔pit membrane 纹孔膜pith 髓(心)plastic laminates 塑料层积材pliable 可塑的,可弯的plywood 胶合板polysaccharide 高聚糖,多糖poplar 杨木ppropriate 擅用prepress 预压机preservative 防腐剂press roll 压辊pressing 压机pressure bar 压尺,压铁primary wall 初生壁prime 最初的,主要的,首次的prosenchyma 锐端细胞组织prosenchymatous cell 锐端细胞protoplasm 原生质,细胞质pulp 浆料pulping 制浆pulpwood 胶合板pyrolyze 热解Rradial 径向的radially 放射状地railway tie 铁轨枕木ray tracheid 射线管胞reaction wood 应力木recede 退,缩回,收回,缩减reel 卷轴,卷筒refiner 精磨机renewable 可再生的,可更新的resemble 类似,相似,像resin canal 树脂道resin duct 树脂道resolve 分辨,解析,解决retain 留住,保持reveal 揭示,揭露rheological 流变的rheology 流变学right angle 直角ring-porous wood 环孔材roller glue spreader 辊筒涂胶机roof sheathing 屋面板Ssapwood 边材Schima 木荷sculpture 雕塑,雕刻secondary wall 次生壁severity 严重shaving 机床刨花sheet 板坯,板材simulate 模拟,模仿single-opening press 单层压机sleeper 枕木slicing 刨切softwood 软材spherical 球的,球形的,球面spruce 云杉squeeze 压榨,挤stain 变色stem 树干sticker 隔条sticker stain 隔条变色strain 应变strains 菌株strand 长条片状刨花stress 应力surface check 表裂Ttemperate zone: 温带tempering 热处理termite 白蚁texture 质地,结构thermoplastic 热塑性材料timber 木材,木料tip 倾斜to drain away 脱水tone 色彩,色调trace element 痕量元素tracheid 管胞trunk 树干twist 扭曲Uupholstery 家具装饰品,家具装饰业,沙发包布utility pole 公用电杆Vvapor pressure 蒸汽压veneer 单板vessel 导管vertically 垂直地,纵向地voids 空隙volatility 挥发性Wwaferboard 华夫板warp 翘曲Warty Layer 瘤层washboarding 搓板纹water repellent 憎水剂,防水剂wire screen 长网,垫网wobble 摆动,摇晃wood-cement board 木质水泥刨花板wood ray 木射线Xxylan 木聚糖xylem 木质部xylose 木糖。
structure of wood 木材结构lumber 木材cross section横切面bark 树皮pith 髓心sapwood 边材heartwood 心材annual growth ring 年轮earlywood 早材latewood 晚材fiber 纤维tracheid 管胞vessel 导管pore 管孔hardwood 硬材softwood 软材wood ray 木射线cellulose 纤维素hemicelluloses 半纤维素lignin 木质素extractive 提取物physical properites of wood 木材的物理性能moisture content 含水率orthotropic 正交的anisotropic 各自异性的hygroscopicity 吸湿性longitudinal 纵向的radial 径向的tangential 弦向的bound water 结合水free water 自由水cell wall 细胞壁cell cavity 细胞腔fiber saturation point 纤维饱和点EMC=equilibrium mositure content 平衡含水率dimensinal stability 尺寸稳定性shrink 收缩swell 膨胀split 开裂check 裂纹warp 弯曲adhesive 胶粘剂stiffness 刚度,韧性interphase 中间相,界面adherens 被粘物adhesion 胶合interfacial 两表面间的interlocking 连锁,互锁synthetic 合成的formulation 配方,组成thermoplastic 热塑性的thermosetting 热固性的polyvinyl acetate聚乙酸乙烯酯phenolic 苯酚的shelf-life 储存期spreading 涂胶量filler 填料extender 填充剂exterior 室外的interior 室内的phenol-formaldehyde 酚醛树脂resorcinol-formaldehyde间苯二酚树脂phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde 苯酚-间苯二酚-甲醛melamine-formaldehyde 三聚氰胺甲醛melamine-urea-formaldehyde三聚氰胺脲醛树脂isocyanate 异氰酸酯epoxy 环氧树脂urea-formaldehyde 脲醛dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度计wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度计time schedule 时间基准RH=relative humidity 相对湿度kiln dry 窑干dry kiln 干燥窑air dry 气干drying schedules 干燥基准moisture content schedules 含水率基准drying defect 干燥缺陷tensile stress 拉伸压力compression stress 压缩压力elastic limit 弹性极限permanent set 永久变形maximum strength最大强度tissure 裂痕distortion 扭曲end split 端部开裂corrugation 皱缩sap stain 边材变色discolour 变色。
木材科学专业词汇木材加工Wood processing1、一般词汇General Terms安全应力safe stress暗色心材dark heart-wood;dark corewood凹凸纹(理)(机械缺陷) raised grain扒钉(蚂蟥钉) double—headed nail白腐white rot白腐材white rotten wood百万板尺MMBF百万立方米Mm3斑腐mottled(rot);pecky板尺检尺法foot board measurement板英尺board foot(b.F.; B.F.or bd.ft)板英尺—考得转换board foot-cord conversion板英尺-立方英尺转换board foot-cubic foot conversion 板英尺材积表board foot volume table板英尺检尺board—foot scaling板英尺量度board-foot measure半成材shop lumber半环孔材semi—ring porous wood半活节partial Intergrown knot半具缘纹孔对semibordered pit-pair半散孔材semi-diffuse porous wood半圆材half-round wood半缘纹孔对haft-bordered pit-pair包复片wrapping foil薄壁组织parenchyma被絮花纹quilted figure比例极限proportional limit;limit of proportionality比例极限应力stress at proportional limit壁孔(纹孔) pit壁孔对(纹孔对) pit pair壁孔口(纹孔口) pit aperture壁孔膜(纹孔膜) pit membrane壁孔腔(纹孔腔) pit cavity;pit chamber边材腐朽sap rot;external decay边材树sapwood tree边腐marginal rot边节edge knot边棱节arris knot;corner knot边缘纹孔marginal pit变色材staining wood变形deformation标尺staff标准节standard knot标准考得apparent cord标准木type tree标准误差mean error;error of mean square表层硬化case hardening表面虫孔surface worm hole表面缺陷;明显缺陷open defect波状纹理wavy figure(or grain);fiddle back grain不规则纹理irregular grain不合格率failure rate不健全节unsound knot不均匀结构uneven texture不均匀纹理uneven grain部分轻度表层腐朽partial shallow decay部分严重(深层)腐朽partial deep decay材积测定法volume determination材面节(疤) face knot材性wood property材种kind of timber;wood sort;assortment槽纹钉corrugated nail侧面纹理side grain侧翘(边弯) spring测径尺caliper rule测径直角尺(轮尺) caliper square层积材laminate产品种类;产品目录production program长节mule-ear knot沉水材sinker成材lumber成年材mature wood;adult wood成熟材ripe wood承压应力bearing stress赤节red knot冲击剪切强度impact shearing strength冲击强度impact strength;shock resistance;shock strength 冲击应力shock stress冲击硬度impact hardness充脂材resin—soaked wood;lightwood;resinous wood充足原料储备well-stocked supply of raw materials虫孔(虫眼) insect hole;worm grub重纹孔;具缘纹孔bordered pit初腐dozy初期腐朽incipient decay初期红心腐firm red heart rot初生材primary wood初生木质部primary xylem初生韧皮部primary bast;primary phloem穿孔perforation;punching创伤心材wound heart wood垂直剪切强度vertical shearing strength垂直抗拉强度perpendicular tensile strength纯应变pure strain次生木质部secondary xylem次生韧皮部secondary phloem粗材积gross scale粗结构coarse texture粗纹理coarse grain;open grain;rough grain脆心材brittle heart打号员(划线员) marker大板条large strip大虫孔grub hole大兜(干基特大的) butt swelling;swell-butted;root swelling 大径材large timber大幼树large sapling大圆材high pole; large pole带棱健全材square-edge and sound (Sq.E.Sd.)带皮直径diameter outside(over)bark带心材boxed heart timber带状花纹stripe figure;ribbon grain袋腐pocket(rot)单壁孔(单纹孔) simple pit单穿孔simple perforation档木(集材弯道) sheer log导管vessel导管分子vessel element导热性thermal conductivity;heat conductivity倒棱(倒角) chamfers等级类别grade category等级区分grade separation等级应力;应力分类;应力分等grade stress地表直径ground line diameter(GLD)顶腐top rot冻心材frost heart-wood端裂end checking;end shake;end split端面纹理end grain短木段billet;bolt短原木billet timber断面模量modulus of section断纹理;破折纹理broken grain对角纹理diagonal grain钝棱材waney lumber多用途材versatile wood多脂材fatwood伐木废材logging debris法向应力normal stress翻木机log rotator防变色处理anti—stain treatment防裂扒钉anti—checking iron;anti-split iron防裂夹具anti-checking clamp防裂涂料anti-checking coating非规格材off-standard非破坏性试验non-destructive testing废料refuse分叉节;岔节branched knot封闭节;不贯通节blind knot封边条edge banding蜂窝腐honeycomb(rot)蜂窝状纤维(木材缺陷) comb grain;quartered without flakes 腐烂和腐朽decay and rot腐朽节rotten knot:decayed knot复合材composite wood复合成材composite lumber复节;丛节knot cluster复心材double heart-wood;double-summit改良板尺检尺法new F.B.M scale改性木improved wood; modified wood干材stemwood干腐trunk rot;bole rot干基腐朽butt rot干裂crack;seasoning check干容积重dry bulk density干围girth干围级girth class干围界限girth limit干围率girth quotient干燥应力drying stress杆材small pole刚性模量rigidity modules根端butt end根段材first log;butt log根腐root rot根株(木)花纹stump figure工作应力working stress构架材carcassing timber管胞tracheid管孔pore管状腐朽pipe rot规定尺寸dead size规格材dimension stock过熟材overyeared wood;overstocked wood海绵状腐朽sponge rot含晶细胞crystalliferous cell含水率moisture content含水率允许公差moisture tolerances函心材boxed—heart(timber)褐腐brown rot黑节black knot横纹剪切shear perpendicular to the grain横纹抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength perpendicular to(the) grain 横纹抗拉强度tensile strength perpendicular to the grain横纹抗压强度compression strength perpendicular to(the) grain横纹抗压试验compression test perpendicular to the grain横纹拉力tension perpendicular to the grain横向翘曲cupping:crosswise concaving; transverse warping;cup红变red stain宏观构造gross structure后期腐朽advanced decay厚度膨胀thickness swelling弧裂burst check花斑纹mottled figure;mottle figure滑移slipping化学变色chemical stain环钉ring dog环孔材ring-porous wood环裂ring shake;round shake环状腐朽ring rot混生节Intergrown knot活节live knot; tight knot火焰纹flame figure机加工性能machining properties机械磨损abrasion(mechanical)基本应力basic stress极限抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength极限抗弯强度ultimate bending strength极限强度ultimate strength极限应力ultimate stress加工材manufactured lumber夹皮bark pocket假年轮;伪年轮false(annual)ring;false increment 假心材;伪心材false heart wood尖节spike knot尖削度taper;fall-off; tapering;taperingness坚实节fixed knot间柱材stud(ding)检尺杖scale stick剪切弹性模量shear modulus剪切拉伸强度shear tensile strength剪切破坏shear failure剪切应力shearing stress剪应变shear strain健全节sound knot降等downgrade;degrade交错纹理cross gram;interlocked grain节材nodal wood节子knot;knag结构特选级selected structure紧密节tight knot浸渍材impregnated wood径级diameter class径裂radial shake;cross shake径切面纹理comb—grain净增率percentage net growth锯齿状年轮indented ring卷曲花纹curly figure卷曲纹理curly grain绝对含水率absolute moisture content均匀结构uniform texture;even texture;even grain 抗白蚁处理termite-resistance treatment抗剪刚度shear stiffness抗剪力shear resistance抗剪强度shearing strength;shear resistance抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength抗拉弹性tensile elasticity抗拉刚度tensile stiffness抗拉强度tensile strength抗磨性abrasive resistance抗扭刚度torsional rigidity抗扭强度torsional strength抗劈力cleavage resistance抗劈性cleavability抗弯刚度bending stiffness抗弯强度bending strength;crossbending strength;cross-breaking strength;flexural strength抗弯阻力buckling resistance抗压极限强度maximum crushing strength抗压强度crushing strength;compression (compressive) strength;bearing strength坑腐pitted sap rot空节;节洞hollow knot枯梢树staghead块状腐朽cubical rot扩基上端干围girth above buttress阔叶材树脂囊(油眼) gum pocket拉力试验机tensile testing machine拉伸试验tensile test拉应力tensile stress蓝斑;蓝变blue stain蓝变材blue lumber梁材stringer两端翘(弓形弯);顺弯bow;bowing劣等材wrack裂环ring crack(shake);round shake檩材beams;stringer绿变green stain乱纹材burly乱纹理wild grain轮生节verticillate or whorle knot螺纹增厚spiral thickening螺旋纹理spiral grain马蹄形防裂扒钉beegle iron毛边材unedged lumber毛刺woolly grain毛刺沟痕torn grain密实木材densified wood磨科abrasive(=grinding material)木薄壁组织xylem parenchyma;wood parenchyma木材变色wood stain木材传声性acoustical conductivity of wood木材脆性brashness of wood;brittleness of wood木材弹性elasticity of wood;elastic property of wood木材的膨胀和收缩swelling and shrinking of wood木材的柔韧性pliability of wood木材电学性质electricity property of wood木材分类wood assortment;wood sorting木材干馏wood distillation木材刚性rigidity of wood木材黑斑black spot(in wood)木材解剖术;木材切片术xylotomy木材抗疲劳性fatigue of wood木材力学性质(木材机械性质) mechanical properties of wood木材流变学rheology of wood木材密度specific gravity of wood木材耐磨性abrasion of wood木材挠性flexibility of wood木材膨胀swelling of wood木材缺陷defect;fault木材韧性toughness of wood木材容重volume weight of wood;weight by volume;volumetric weight 木材声响反射系数acoustic reflection coefficient f wood木材声学性质acoustical properties of wood木材实质比重(真比重) specific weight of wood木材实质密度density of wood substance木材水解wood hydrolysis木材塑性plastic property of wood木材调温调湿设备wood conditioning apparatus木材透声性acoustical permeability of wood木材凸起bulge(of wood)木材凸纹burr figure of wood木材物理性质physical property of wood木材吸音系数acoustic absorption coefficient of wood木射线xylem ray;wood ray木丝excelsior;wood wool木瓦材shingle bolt木纹figure;grain木纹斜度slope of grain木纤维wood fiber木纤维素wood cellulose木质部xylem木质素lignin耐火木材refractory timber耐久性试验endurance test耐磨试验abrasive test耐磨硬度abrasive hardness耐水性moisture resistance囊腐pocket rot挠曲刚度;抗挠刚度flexural rigidity内部腐朽inside rot内含边材inside sapwood;included sapwood;double sapwood 内夹皮close bark-pocket内裂interior cheek;internal check逆表面硬化(应力) reverse case-hardening年轮(生长轮) growth ring;yearly ring increment鸟眼(木材) birds’eye (wood)鸟眼纹bird's figure扭(力)矩torsional moment扭矩torque扭力torsional force;torsional load turning force扭曲distortion扭曲纹twisted grain扭应力torsional stress膨胀压力swelling pressure皮包节encased knot皮孔lenticelle;lenticel疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength(resistance)疲劳试验durability test偏向木sway wood偏心(年)轮eccentric ring偏心(髓心偏离) wandering heart;eccentric pith片(英)尺super feet平衡含水率equilibrium moisture content(EMC)平均干围mean girth平均木;中央木mean sample-tree破坏性试验break-down test骑马钉C-iron千板尺MBF千板尺锯材=2.36m3 1MBF sawn timber =2.36m3千板尺原木=5.1m3 1MBF log =5.1m3千平方尺MSF强度比strength ratio强度试验strength test强度系数strength factor翘曲warp;warping;distortion切削沟纹;碎裂纹chipped grain切削加工性能machinability侵染材affected wood (timber)侵填体tylosis青变;蓝变blue sap-stain曲干材compass-timber屈服应力yield stress去皮材barked wood去皮原木buckskin去皮直径diameter inside bark去脂材bled timber缺陷材defect wood缺陷分级法defect system缺陷原木defective log染料木材dyewood热力学thermodynamics热膨胀thermal expansion热容量thermal capacity韧皮射线phloem ray韧皮束phloem bundle韧型木纤维libriform wood fiber韧性值toughness value容许应力permissible stress;allowable stress 乳汁道latex canal乳汁管latex tube;laticifer;laticiferous tube 乳汁细胞latex cell;laticiferous cell软腐soft rot散孔材diffuse porous wood上等材high grade stock上木upper growth;upper stock深虫孔deep worm hole深加工Intensive processing深裂纹(深1/8英寸以下) heavy torn grain生长应力growth stress生节live knot;sound knot声阻acoustic resistance湿腐wet rot湿心材water-core;wetwood;wet heart十亿立方米MMMm3实木solid wood饰面片finish fails试件;试材testing piece试生产trial production试行experimenting;try out试验程序;试验方法testing procedure试运转break-in;test run;running-in适宜含水率suitable moisture content受压木compression wood疏松节loose knot熟材ripe wood树杈crotch树杈纹crotch grain(figure)树干材stem timber树瘤;树疤burr(burl)树皮;皮层cortex树脂道resin canal;resin duct树脂瘤resinous cancer顺纹along the grain;with the grain;in the grain direction;in the fiber direction顺纹剪切shear parallel to the grain顺纹抗剪强度shear strength parallel to grain顺纹抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength parallel-to-grain顺纹抗拉强度tensile strength parallel to grain顺纹抗压(极限)强度maximum compression strength parallel to(the) grain顺纹抗压强度compression strength parallel to grain;endwise tensile strength;crushing strength along the grain丝状腐朽stringy rot撕裂纹torn grain死节dead knot;encased knot;non-adhering knot松散纹理loosened grain塑(性)变(形) plastic deformation髓节pith knot弹性极限应力stress of elasticity limit统材(包括中等以下的阔叶材及一般的针叶材) common(s)桶材tubbing头木basal trunk椭圆节oval knot弯边softforming edge弯矩moment of flexure弯抗强度buckling strength弯曲材crook弯曲杆材curvature弯曲极限buckling limit弯曲木bent wood;compass-timber弯曲应变buckling strain弯曲应力bending stress;buckling stress弯曲折断荷载buckling load晚材(夏材) late wood(summer wood)晚材率late wood percentage;percent of late wood未成熟材immature wood未成熟心材imperfect heart wood纹孔道pit canal纹孔膜pit membrane纹孔内口inner pit aperture纹孔塞pit torus纹孔室;纹孔腔pit chamber纹孔缘pit border纹理方向grain direction涡卷纹swirl grain握钉力nail-holding ability;nail-holding power(capacity);screw holding power 无节材clear wood无孔材non—pored timber(wood)无缺陷材clear lumber细(致)纹理smooth grain;fine grain;close grain细胞膜cell membrane细波花纹fiddle back figure(grain)细结构fine texture细结构材fine-texture wood细纹材close-grained wood纤维(状)管胞fiber—tracheid纤维饱和点fiber-saturation point纤维应力fiber stress弦面纹理slash figure(grain)弦切面纹理flat grain显微构造microscopic structure显微解剖micro-dissection相对含水率relative moisture content箱板材case wood;wrack小材小料waste lumber material小虫孔shot hole;pin hole小方材scantlings小规格材small-dimension stock小径木undersized tree小柱材low pole斜边原木bevel-edged log斜纹抗压强度compression strength inclined to(the) grain斜纹理diagonal grain心材heart wood心材树(种) heart wood tree心裂pith check;rift;heart check;heart shake新伐材freshly-felled timber(wood)形成层cambium (pl.cambia)胸高干围girth breast height(GBH)胸高直径diameter breast-high(D.B.H.)熊抓纹wild grain bear scratches朽节rotten knot压碎应力crushing stress压缩木compact wood;compressed wood压应力compressive stress;crushing stress羊毛状纹理woolly grain一等材first prime quality;first grade timber异形射线(组织) heterogeneous ray(tissue)银光花纹silver grain(figure)引火木材spunk隐节;内含节enclosed knot应变strain应变仪strain gauge;strainometer应拉木tension wood应力(力学) stress (mechanic)应力分级法stress grading应力分析stress analysis应力集中stress concentration应力木reaction wood应力松弛stress relaxation应力应变stress-strain应压木compression-wood硬度hardness硬腐(初期腐朽) hard rot硬化层压木densified laminated wood永久变形permanent deformation;permanent set优质大原木big blue butt有孔材pored wood幼年材immature wood;juvenile wood愈合材callus wood原木板英尺材积表board foot log rule原木大头段butt block原条tree stem;trunk(=pole)圆节round knot圆棱eased arris(edge)杂木miscellaneous tree;weed tree早材(春材) early (spring) wood造材bucking;dissecting;dissection造材归堆机bucker—buncher造材机bucker造材锯bucking saw站杆(枯立木) snag涨方(胀量) bulk丈尺measuring staff(stick)针节pin knot针叶材树脂囊;油眼resin cyst;resin pocket;gum pocket 真菌学试验mycological test正应力normal stress枝节knottiness枝梢材faggot wood;lop and top;lapwood枝条材branchwood;slender-branched枝桠材brushwood直边和弯边的封边材料edgebanding materials for straight and softforming edges 中方(材) medium hewn squares中节medium knot中央干围mid girth周皮periderm蛛网心裂spider heart主干高bole height(length)柱材post;pillar wood桩木pile装饰兼结构用材appearance lumber纵裂longitudinal check纵向切削longitudinal cutting纵向树脂道;轴向树脂道vertical resin canal阻力矩moment of resistance最大剪应力maximum shearing stress最大纤维应力extreme fiber stress最大压应力maximum compressive stress。
木材科学专业词汇木材加工Wood processing1、一般词汇General Terms安全应力safe stress暗色心材dark heart-wood;dark corewood凹凸纹(理)(机械缺陷) raised grain扒钉(蚂蟥钉) double—headed nail白腐white rot白腐材white rotten wood百万板尺MMBF百万立方米Mm3斑腐mottled(rot);pecky板尺检尺法foot board measurement板英尺board foot(b.F.; B.F.or bd.ft)板英尺—考得转换board foot-cord conversion板英尺-立方英尺转换board foot-cubic foot conversion 板英尺材积表board foot volume table板英尺检尺board—foot scaling板英尺量度board-foot measure半成材shop lumber半环孔材semi—ring porous wood半活节partial Intergrown knot半具缘纹孔对semibordered pit-pair半散孔材semi-diffuse porous wood半圆材half-round wood半缘纹孔对haft-bordered pit-pair包复片wrapping foil薄壁组织parenchyma被絮花纹quilted figure比例极限proportional limit;limit of proportionality比例极限应力stress at proportional limit壁孔(纹孔) pit壁孔对(纹孔对) pit pair壁孔口(纹孔口) pit aperture壁孔膜(纹孔膜) pit membrane壁孔腔(纹孔腔) pit cavity;pit chamber边材腐朽sap rot;external decay边材树sapwood tree边腐marginal rot边节edge knot边棱节arris knot;corner knot边缘纹孔marginal pit变色材staining wood变形deformation标尺staff标准节standard knot标准考得apparent cord标准木type tree标准误差mean error;error of mean square表层硬化case hardening表面虫孔surface worm hole表面缺陷;明显缺陷open defect波状纹理wavy figure(or grain);fiddle back grain不规则纹理irregular grain不合格率failure rate不健全节unsound knot不均匀结构uneven texture不均匀纹理uneven grain部分轻度表层腐朽partial shallow decay部分严重(深层)腐朽partial deep decay材积测定法volume determination材面节(疤) face knot材性wood property材种kind of timber;wood sort;assortment槽纹钉corrugated nail侧面纹理side grain侧翘(边弯) spring测径尺caliper rule测径直角尺(轮尺) caliper square层积材laminate产品种类;产品目录production program长节mule-ear knot沉水材sinker成材lumber成年材mature wood;adult wood成熟材ripe wood承压应力bearing stress赤节red knot冲击剪切强度impact shearing strength冲击强度impact strength;shock resistance;shock strength 冲击应力shock stress冲击硬度impact hardness充脂材resin—soaked wood;lightwood;resinous wood充足原料储备well-stocked supply of raw materials虫孔(虫眼) insect hole;worm grub重纹孔;具缘纹孔bordered pit初腐dozy初期腐朽incipient decay初期红心腐firm red heart rot初生材primary wood初生木质部primary xylem初生韧皮部primary bast;primary phloem穿孔perforation;punching创伤心材wound heart wood垂直剪切强度vertical shearing strength垂直抗拉强度perpendicular tensile strength纯应变pure strain次生木质部secondary xylem次生韧皮部secondary phloem粗材积gross scale粗结构coarse texture粗纹理coarse grain;open grain;rough grain脆心材brittle heart打号员(划线员) marker大板条large strip大虫孔grub hole大兜(干基特大的) butt swelling;swell-butted;root swelling 大径材large timber大幼树large sapling大圆材high pole; large pole带棱健全材square-edge and sound (Sq.E.Sd.)带皮直径diameter outside(over)bark带心材boxed heart timber带状花纹stripe figure;ribbon grain袋腐pocket(rot)单壁孔(单纹孔) simple pit单穿孔simple perforation档木(集材弯道) sheer log导管vessel导管分子vessel element导热性thermal conductivity;heat conductivity倒棱(倒角) chamfers等级类别grade category等级区分grade separation等级应力;应力分类;应力分等grade stress地表直径ground line diameter(GLD)顶腐top rot冻心材frost heart-wood端裂end checking;end shake;end split端面纹理end grain短木段billet;bolt短原木billet timber断面模量modulus of section断纹理;破折纹理broken grain对角纹理diagonal grain钝棱材waney lumber多用途材versatile wood多脂材fatwood伐木废材logging debris法向应力normal stress翻木机log rotator防变色处理anti—stain treatment防裂扒钉anti—checking iron;anti-split iron防裂夹具anti-checking clamp防裂涂料anti-checking coating非规格材off-standard非破坏性试验non-destructive testing废料refuse分叉节;岔节branched knot封闭节;不贯通节blind knot封边条edge banding蜂窝腐honeycomb(rot)蜂窝状纤维(木材缺陷) comb grain;quartered without flakes 腐烂和腐朽decay and rot腐朽节rotten knot:decayed knot复合材composite wood复合成材composite lumber复节;丛节knot cluster复心材double heart-wood;double-summit改良板尺检尺法new F.B.M scale改性木improved wood; modified wood干材stemwood干腐trunk rot;bole rot干基腐朽butt rot干裂crack;seasoning check干容积重dry bulk density干围girth干围级girth class干围界限girth limit干围率girth quotient干燥应力drying stress杆材small pole刚性模量rigidity modules根端butt end根段材first log;butt log根腐root rot根株(木)花纹stump figure工作应力working stress构架材carcassing timber管胞tracheid管孔pore管状腐朽pipe rot规定尺寸dead size规格材dimension stock过熟材overyeared wood;overstocked wood海绵状腐朽sponge rot含晶细胞crystalliferous cell含水率moisture content含水率允许公差moisture tolerances函心材boxed—heart(timber)褐腐brown rot黑节black knot横纹剪切shear perpendicular to the grain横纹抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength perpendicular to(the) grain 横纹抗拉强度tensile strength perpendicular to the grain横纹抗压强度compression strength perpendicular to(the) grain横纹抗压试验compression test perpendicular to the grain横纹拉力tension perpendicular to the grain横向翘曲cupping:crosswise concaving; transverse warping;cup红变red stain宏观构造gross structure后期腐朽advanced decay厚度膨胀thickness swelling弧裂burst check花斑纹mottled figure;mottle figure滑移slipping化学变色chemical stain环钉ring dog环孔材ring-porous wood环裂ring shake;round shake环状腐朽ring rot混生节Intergrown knot活节live knot; tight knot火焰纹flame figure机加工性能machining properties机械磨损abrasion(mechanical)基本应力basic stress极限抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength极限抗弯强度ultimate bending strength极限强度ultimate strength极限应力ultimate stress加工材manufactured lumber夹皮bark pocket假年轮;伪年轮false(annual)ring;false increment 假心材;伪心材false heart wood尖节spike knot尖削度taper;fall-off; tapering;taperingness坚实节fixed knot间柱材stud(ding)检尺杖scale stick剪切弹性模量shear modulus剪切拉伸强度shear tensile strength剪切破坏shear failure剪切应力shearing stress剪应变shear strain健全节sound knot降等downgrade;degrade交错纹理cross gram;interlocked grain节材nodal wood节子knot;knag结构特选级selected structure紧密节tight knot浸渍材impregnated wood径级diameter class径裂radial shake;cross shake径切面纹理comb—grain净增率percentage net growth锯齿状年轮indented ring卷曲花纹curly figure卷曲纹理curly grain绝对含水率absolute moisture content均匀结构uniform texture;even texture;even grain 抗白蚁处理termite-resistance treatment抗剪刚度shear stiffness抗剪力shear resistance抗剪强度shearing strength;shear resistance抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength抗拉弹性tensile elasticity抗拉刚度tensile stiffness抗拉强度tensile strength抗磨性abrasive resistance抗扭刚度torsional rigidity抗扭强度torsional strength抗劈力cleavage resistance抗劈性cleavability抗弯刚度bending stiffness抗弯强度bending strength;crossbending strength;cross-breaking strength;flexural strength抗弯阻力buckling resistance抗压极限强度maximum crushing strength抗压强度crushing strength;compression (compressive) strength;bearing strength坑腐pitted sap rot空节;节洞hollow knot枯梢树staghead块状腐朽cubical rot扩基上端干围girth above buttress阔叶材树脂囊(油眼) gum pocket拉力试验机tensile testing machine拉伸试验tensile test拉应力tensile stress蓝斑;蓝变blue stain蓝变材blue lumber梁材stringer两端翘(弓形弯);顺弯bow;bowing劣等材wrack裂环ring crack(shake);round shake檩材beams;stringer绿变green stain乱纹材burly乱纹理wild grain轮生节verticillate or whorle knot螺纹增厚spiral thickening螺旋纹理spiral grain马蹄形防裂扒钉beegle iron毛边材unedged lumber毛刺woolly grain毛刺沟痕torn grain密实木材densified wood磨科abrasive(=grinding material)木薄壁组织xylem parenchyma;wood parenchyma木材变色wood stain木材传声性acoustical conductivity of wood木材脆性brashness of wood;brittleness of wood木材弹性elasticity of wood;elastic property of wood木材的膨胀和收缩swelling and shrinking of wood木材的柔韧性pliability of wood木材电学性质electricity property of wood木材分类wood assortment;wood sorting木材干馏wood distillation木材刚性rigidity of wood木材黑斑black spot(in wood)木材解剖术;木材切片术xylotomy木材抗疲劳性fatigue of wood木材力学性质(木材机械性质) mechanical properties of wood木材流变学rheology of wood木材密度specific gravity of wood木材耐磨性abrasion of wood木材挠性flexibility of wood木材膨胀swelling of wood木材缺陷defect;fault木材韧性toughness of wood木材容重volume weight of wood;weight by volume;volumetric weight 木材声响反射系数acoustic reflection coefficient f wood木材声学性质acoustical properties of wood木材实质比重(真比重) specific weight of wood木材实质密度density of wood substance木材水解wood hydrolysis木材塑性plastic property of wood木材调温调湿设备wood conditioning apparatus木材透声性acoustical permeability of wood木材凸起bulge(of wood)木材凸纹burr figure of wood木材物理性质physical property of wood木材吸音系数acoustic absorption coefficient of wood木射线xylem ray;wood ray木丝excelsior;wood wool木瓦材shingle bolt木纹figure;grain木纹斜度slope of grain木纤维wood fiber木纤维素wood cellulose木质部xylem木质素lignin耐火木材refractory timber耐久性试验endurance test耐磨试验abrasive test耐磨硬度abrasive hardness耐水性moisture resistance囊腐pocket rot挠曲刚度;抗挠刚度flexural rigidity内部腐朽inside rot内含边材inside sapwood;included sapwood;double sapwood 内夹皮close bark-pocket内裂interior cheek;internal check逆表面硬化(应力) reverse case-hardening年轮(生长轮) growth ring;yearly ring increment鸟眼(木材) birds’eye (wood)鸟眼纹bird's figure扭(力)矩torsional moment扭矩torque扭力torsional force;torsional load turning force扭曲distortion扭曲纹twisted grain扭应力torsional stress膨胀压力swelling pressure皮包节encased knot皮孔lenticelle;lenticel疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength(resistance)疲劳试验durability test偏向木sway wood偏心(年)轮eccentric ring偏心(髓心偏离) wandering heart;eccentric pith片(英)尺super feet平衡含水率equilibrium moisture content(EMC)平均干围mean girth平均木;中央木mean sample-tree破坏性试验break-down test骑马钉C-iron千板尺MBF千板尺锯材=2.36m3 1MBF sawn timber =2.36m3千板尺原木=5.1m3 1MBF log =5.1m3千平方尺MSF强度比strength ratio强度试验strength test强度系数strength factor翘曲warp;warping;distortion切削沟纹;碎裂纹chipped grain切削加工性能machinability侵染材affected wood (timber)侵填体tylosis青变;蓝变blue sap-stain曲干材compass-timber屈服应力yield stress去皮材barked wood去皮原木buckskin去皮直径diameter inside bark去脂材bled timber缺陷材defect wood缺陷分级法defect system缺陷原木defective log染料木材dyewood热力学thermodynamics热膨胀thermal expansion热容量thermal capacity韧皮射线phloem ray韧皮束phloem bundle韧型木纤维libriform wood fiber韧性值toughness value容许应力permissible stress;allowable stress 乳汁道latex canal乳汁管latex tube;laticifer;laticiferous tube 乳汁细胞latex cell;laticiferous cell软腐soft rot散孔材diffuse porous wood上等材high grade stock上木upper growth;upper stock深虫孔deep worm hole深加工Intensive processing深裂纹(深1/8英寸以下) heavy torn grain生长应力growth stress生节live knot;sound knot声阻acoustic resistance湿腐wet rot湿心材water-core;wetwood;wet heart十亿立方米MMMm3实木solid wood饰面片finish fails试件;试材testing piece试生产trial production试行experimenting;try out试验程序;试验方法testing procedure试运转break-in;test run;running-in适宜含水率suitable moisture content受压木compression wood疏松节loose knot熟材ripe wood树杈crotch树杈纹crotch grain(figure)树干材stem timber树瘤;树疤burr(burl)树皮;皮层cortex树脂道resin canal;resin duct树脂瘤resinous cancer顺纹along the grain;with the grain;in the grain direction;in the fiber direction顺纹剪切shear parallel to the grain顺纹抗剪强度shear strength parallel to grain顺纹抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength parallel-to-grain顺纹抗拉强度tensile strength parallel to grain顺纹抗压(极限)强度maximum compression strength parallel to(the) grain顺纹抗压强度compression strength parallel to grain;endwise tensile strength;crushing strength along the grain丝状腐朽stringy rot撕裂纹torn grain死节dead knot;encased knot;non-adhering knot松散纹理loosened grain塑(性)变(形) plastic deformation髓节pith knot弹性极限应力stress of elasticity limit统材(包括中等以下的阔叶材及一般的针叶材) common(s)桶材tubbing头木basal trunk椭圆节oval knot弯边softforming edge弯矩moment of flexure弯抗强度buckling strength弯曲材crook弯曲杆材curvature弯曲极限buckling limit弯曲木bent wood;compass-timber弯曲应变buckling strain弯曲应力bending stress;buckling stress弯曲折断荷载buckling load晚材(夏材) late wood(summer wood)晚材率late wood percentage;percent of late wood未成熟材immature wood未成熟心材imperfect heart wood纹孔道pit canal纹孔膜pit membrane纹孔内口inner pit aperture纹孔塞pit torus纹孔室;纹孔腔pit chamber纹孔缘pit border纹理方向grain direction涡卷纹swirl grain握钉力nail-holding ability;nail-holding power(capacity);screw holding power 无节材clear wood无孔材non—pored timber(wood)无缺陷材clear lumber细(致)纹理smooth grain;fine grain;close grain细胞膜cell membrane细波花纹fiddle back figure(grain)细结构fine texture细结构材fine-texture wood细纹材close-grained wood纤维(状)管胞fiber—tracheid纤维饱和点fiber-saturation point纤维应力fiber stress弦面纹理slash figure(grain)弦切面纹理flat grain显微构造microscopic structure显微解剖micro-dissection相对含水率relative moisture content箱板材case wood;wrack小材小料waste lumber material小虫孔shot hole;pin hole小方材scantlings小规格材small-dimension stock小径木undersized tree小柱材low pole斜边原木bevel-edged log斜纹抗压强度compression strength inclined to(the) grain斜纹理diagonal grain心材heart wood心材树(种) heart wood tree心裂pith check;rift;heart check;heart shake新伐材freshly-felled timber(wood)形成层cambium (pl.cambia)胸高干围girth breast height(GBH)胸高直径diameter breast-high(D.B.H.)熊抓纹wild grain bear scratches朽节rotten knot压碎应力crushing stress压缩木compact wood;compressed wood压应力compressive stress;crushing stress羊毛状纹理woolly grain一等材first prime quality;first grade timber异形射线(组织) heterogeneous ray(tissue)银光花纹silver grain(figure)引火木材spunk隐节;内含节enclosed knot应变strain应变仪strain gauge;strainometer应拉木tension wood应力(力学) stress (mechanic)应力分级法stress grading应力分析stress analysis应力集中stress concentration应力木reaction wood应力松弛stress relaxation应力应变stress-strain应压木compression-wood硬度hardness硬腐(初期腐朽) hard rot硬化层压木densified laminated wood永久变形permanent deformation;permanent set优质大原木big blue butt有孔材pored wood幼年材immature wood;juvenile wood愈合材callus wood原木板英尺材积表board foot log rule原木大头段butt block原条tree stem;trunk(=pole)圆节round knot圆棱eased arris(edge)杂木miscellaneous tree;weed tree早材(春材) early (spring) wood造材bucking;dissecting;dissection造材归堆机bucker—buncher造材机bucker造材锯bucking saw站杆(枯立木) snag涨方(胀量) bulk丈尺measuring staff(stick)针节pin knot针叶材树脂囊;油眼resin cyst;resin pocket;gum pocket 真菌学试验mycological test正应力normal stress枝节knottiness枝梢材faggot wood;lop and top;lapwood枝条材branchwood;slender-branched枝桠材brushwood直边和弯边的封边材料edgebanding materials for straight and softforming edges 中方(材) medium hewn squares中节medium knot中央干围mid girth周皮periderm蛛网心裂spider heart主干高bole height(length)柱材post;pillar wood桩木pile装饰兼结构用材appearance lumber纵裂longitudinal check纵向切削longitudinal cutting纵向树脂道;轴向树脂道vertical resin canal阻力矩moment of resistance最大剪应力maximum shearing stress最大纤维应力extreme fiber stress最大压应力maximum compressive stress。