高考英语必考点专题01名词高效演练含解析

专题01名词——高效演练一．单句语法填空1．The__________ (possible)that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.【答案】possibility【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。

故填possibility。

2. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ （assume）you’ve made.【答案】assumption【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。

故选assumption 。

3.In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词。

crowd前没有冠词、指示代词和形容词性人称代词，故用复数形式。

4.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．【答案】attraction【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。

形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。

考点01 名词（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查共计7次，主要考查：1．给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；2．给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；3. 名词所有格；4．名词的固定搭配。

【备考策略】熟练掌握名词单数变复数的基本规则，根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数；明确形容词与名词、冠词与名词之间的修饰关系以及在句中所作成分，确定名词的恰当形式。

另外，在学习过程中，要注意一词多义和旧词新义。

【命题预测】语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。

主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。

考点一、名词单数变复数的用法（1）名词变复数的规则一般情况下在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths,house→houses 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-es glass→glasses,match→matches 以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-es country→countries,factory→factories 以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos,photo→photos 有些在词尾加-es hero→heroes,potato→potatoes以-f,-fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v加-es self→selves,wolf→wolves 少数直接加-s roof→roofs,belief→beliefs单复数同形deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species词形变化man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice合成名词的复数将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:grown-up→grown-ups, stand-by→standbys名词前有man/woman修饰man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。

高考英语语法精练及解析（名词之一）1. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by _______.”A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficsC. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics2. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.A. cattle isB. cattle areC. cattles areD. the cattles are3. By all ______, you must try every ______ to help him.A. mean, meanB. means, meansC. means, meanD. mean, means4. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.A. so kind a, friendsB. so a kind, friendsC. so kind a, friendD. so a kind, friend5. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.A. dozen of, dozenB. dozens of, dozensC. dozens of, dozenD. dozens of, dozen of6. ---May I take your order now?---We’d like three black _____ and two green ______.A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas7. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.A. rooms numberB. room numberC. room’s numbersD. room numbers8. ---Hello, I’d like to speak to Henry.---Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office.A. Henrys, HenrysB. Henries, HenriesC. Henry, HenrysD. Henrys, Henries9. Would it be possible to make an ______ in advance have my hair cut tomorrow?A. appointmentB. arrangementC. scheduleD. engagement10. The traditional _________ to dealing with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A. approachB. meansC. methodD. way11. She fulfilled her ____ to become the first to run the 10,000 meters within 30 minutes.A. ambitionB. amusementC. appreciationD. assessment12. Don't be discouraged! After all, you can't succeed in everything at your first _______.A. adjustmentB. intervalC. effortD. attempt13. In order to change some companies' _______ towards hiring women college graduates, the government plansto pass a law.A. viewsB. rulesC. attitudesD. methods14. The journalist received honors and _______ for her excellent work.A. wordsB. newsC. giftsD. awards15. Not only the professional players, but also the _________ ones will benefit from the new training facilities.A. amateurB. talentedC. expertD. academic16. Poor health and lack of money may both be ________ to educational progress.A. bombsB. bordersC. bottomsD. barriers17. We'd like to trade with any country on a friendly and equal _________.A. basisB. basementC. baseD. basic18. ---John said he earned a big sum of money during the summer vacation.---Really? Don't you think his words are beyond _________?A. surpriseB. beliefC. imaginationD. understanding19. Since Mr. Jackson was made president of the research center, they have made a great ________ in the study ofthe disease.A. progressB. effortC. breakthroughD. contributionThe firefighter took a deep _______ before running into the fire, but with the house filled with smoke, he soon found it hard to _______.A. breathing; breathB. breathe; breathC. breathing; breatheD. breath; breathe21. Unwilling to _______ his children, the old couple moved to the nursing home.A. be burdened withB. be burdened byC. be a burden withD. be a burden on22. The criminal23. We can see clearly that violence on TV will have bad _______ on youngsters' behavior.A. causeB. influenceC. resultD. factor24. Don’t __________ chances by driving too fast.A. makeB. takeC. haveD. give25. The good ________ of this young man was seen at its best when be risked his life to save the boy from water.A. characterB. talentC. wealthD. influence26. What a(n) ________ I was thinking about Roy when his letter arrived!A. coincidenceB. accidentC. incidentD. chance27. A car had a head-on ________ with a truck on the highway yesterday, killing 2 and inuring 3.A. contestB. collisionC. conflictD. contrary29. Now medical authorities express their ________ about the effect of smoking on the health.A. considerationB. attentionC. beliefD. concern30. ---What conclusion will you _________?---I think most of the goods are of high quality.A. seeB. makeC. drawD. find31. Living _______ should be improved as they are out of ________.A. condition; conditionB. conditions; conditionsC. conditions; conditionD. condition; conditions32. There is always _________ between doing what you want to and doing what you ought to.A. contrastB. conflictC. conclusionD. confusion33. If you insist on carrying out this experiment you will have to answer for the ________.A. conclusionsB. coincidencesC. complimentsD. consequences34. You must take everything into _________ before you do a difficult task.A. considerB. consideringC. considerationD. considered35. The project under _______ in the city will be completed at the end of this month.A. controlB. constructionC. discussionD. repair36. David loves Julie but he can't get up enough ________ to ask her to marry him.A. courageB. virtueC. emotionD. strategy37. ---How much must I pay for the ________?---They ordered you to pay 500 ________ to the restaurant.A. damage; damageB. damages; damagesC. damage; damagesD. damages; damage38. The new application program can keep you with timely information from the Internet.A. in fashionB. out of fashionC. up to dateD. out of date39. I know teachers are _______ in Western China and I ______ going to the west to teach after graduation.A. in use; feel likeB. in need; hope forC. in demand; dream ofD. in short; am fond of40. ---Where would you like to have your dinner, in a French restaurant or in a Chinese one?---It makes _______ to me as long as we can chat while having dinner.A. no differenceB. no senseC. much differenceD. much sense41. Make sure you read the _____ before using any piece of electric equipment.A. conditionsB. directionsC. situationsD. applications42. Do you know the man _________ wearing a blue jacket?A. in the distanceB. at a distanceC. out of sightD. in the sight43. There was no ______ in her mind that Rick was innocent of Coughlin's murder.A. wonderB. needC. pointD. doubt44. The conference was held to discuss the effect that tourism has _____ the wildlife in the area.A. inB. onC. atD. with45. An ambulance must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of ________.A. dangerB. emergencyC. riskD. edge高考英语语法精练及解析（名词之一）解析1.【解析】答案为A。

专题1词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2016·江苏】24. ________ —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life? —Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipeB. recordC. rangeD. receipt【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查名词词义辨析。

名词recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt 收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。

根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”，与上下文相符。

考点：考查名词辨析2.【2016·江苏】25. He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A.approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate【答案】C考点：考查动词词义辨析3.【2016·江苏】30.Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation.A.fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。

短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。

根据句意可知B正确。

考点：考查动词短语辨析4.【2016·江苏】31.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on whatbasis, data are collected.A. explicitB. ambiguousC. originalD. arbitrary【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析。

专题01 名词养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

A．new species B．a new species C．a new specy D．a new specie【答案】B【详解】考查名词的数。

句意：据报道，在巴西的雨林中发现了一个新的物种。

spec ies“物种”单复数同形，根据助动词has可知，主语为单数。

故选B。

2．________is very important in our everyday life.A．Greet B．Greeting C．Greetings D．Greets【答案】B【详解】考查名词。

句意：问候在我们的日常生活中是非常重要的。

此处作主语，表示“问候”应用名词greeting，根据后文is可知用单数。

故选B。

3．________ are kept on the firm for their meat or milk.A．200 head cattle B．200 head of cattleC．200 head cattles D．200 heads of cattle【答案】B【详解】考查名词。

句意：该公司饲养了200头牛以获取肉或奶。

表示牲畜的头数，用单位词head，单复数同形，cattle“牛”是集体名词，单复数同形，200 head of cattle表示“200头牛”。

高考英语最新名词知识点知识点总复习含答案解析(1)一、选择题1．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream2．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake.A．edge B．course C．exit3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor4．If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill.A．sight B．sceneC．look D．view5．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster6．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually.A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition7．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________.A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 8．They lived in a backward part of the country, with no electricity, paved roads or easy ______ to safe drinking water.A．lack B．guarantee C．remedy D．access9．Being a soldier, he has a strong sense of ________.A．desire B．discipline C．force D．privacy 10．Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world. And, he regards himself as the ________ of the times.A．instructor B．expert C．favorite D．admirer 11．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release12．Lulu grew up in the ____________ of her high-performing sister, Sophia.A．protection B．gesture C．shadow13．Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out the____________.A．method B．experiment.C．warning D．effect 14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world.A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects 15．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table.A．to great variety of B．great variety toC．to a great variety of D．the great variety to16．Jane is nice but she has a ______ to talk too much.A．trend B．tendency C．tension D．threat17．Letting virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, take care of your home is a(n) _________ for disaster to some, because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive, confusing, offensive, and even dangerous.A．topic B．shortcut C．cure D．recipe 18．Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.A．intelligence B．influences C．impression D．attempts19．A _______ will be paid to anyone who brings back the money Mr. Brown lost,according to the advertisement.A．price B．profit C．reward D．salary 20．—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A．feature B．plan C．cost D．trick 21．Training of the employees was suggested as one _____ to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.A．method B．wayC．approach D．means22．It is a great____________ for our country to hold the 2022 Winter Olympic.A．signal B．function C．honor D．agreement 23．They are building the dam in _____ with another firm.A．comparison B．association C．touch D．tune24．Last month L.A．declared a________of emergency as protests over killing of Geroge Floyd a black man turned violent.A．state B．condition C．situation D．circumstance 25．How much does it cost to put satellite into____________？A．gas B．orbit C．chemicals D．vapors【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。

专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。

因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。

建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。

主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still importantin________development of teenagers.B. an; theA. the; theD. the; 不填C. an; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加­spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。

(即Negro，hero，tomato和potato四个词) (2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。

高考语法填空抢分热点之名词养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

一、考点精讲名词的考点包括名词的单复数、不可数名词和名词所有格，尤其是名词复数更为常见。

1. 掌握名词复数的变化规则，尤其一些不规则的变化。

例如：human（人）—humans；German （德国人）—Germans；Roman（罗马人）—Romans；ox（公牛）—oxen；passer-by（过路人）—passers-by；grown-up（成年人）—grown-ups；stomach（胃）—stomachs；roof（屋顶）—roofs。

2. 不可数名词无复数形式，作主语谓语动词用单数第三人称。

例如：The food is terrible.（食物很糟糕。

）3. 单数名词后面加’变成名词所有格，以s结尾的名词变所有格时只加’。

例如：It’s two hours’ walk.（它是两小时的路程。

）二、高考题经典解读1.（2023年新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ____57___ (confidence) speaking English.【答案】56. arrival；57. confident【解析】56.考查名词。

句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。

专题01名词——高效演练一．单句语法填空1．The__________ (possible)that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.【答案】possibility【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。

故填possibility。

2. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ （assume）you’ve made.【答案】assumption【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。

故选assumption 。

3.In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词。

crowd前没有冠词、指示代词和形容词性人称代词，故用复数形式。

4.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．【答案】attraction【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。

形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。

2019 年高考英语语法必考考点（1）：名词含解析【考点解读】研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数 ( 可数与不可数、单数与复数 ) 、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、词性转换、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、单项选择、及写作部分等。

对名词的考察一般放在名词词义辨析（特别是同义词和近义词的辨析）、名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化、词性转换、名词动用等方面。

1、对同义词、近义词的考查如： At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】 D。

【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。

way 意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。

approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。

mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法; 用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。

method 意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。

【点睛】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。

要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。

2、对相似词的考查如： Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】 B。