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Present Perfect Tense - Past ParticiplesA. Write the simple past and past participle of the following verbs.simple form simple past past participle1. work worked worked2. do _______________ _______________3. eat _______________ _______________4. call _______________ _______________5. begin _______________ _______________6. give _______________ _______________7. answer _______________ _______________8. see _______________ _______________9. have _______________ _______________10. go _______________ _______________11. study _______________ _______________12. teach _______________ _______________13. make _______________ _______________14. talk _______________ _______________plete the chart below with the correct form of the verb.simple form simple past past participleknewmetwas/wereflywroteread livefellfeeltakendrovePresent Perfect TenseChoose the correct verb from the list below to complete the following sentences. Put the verb in the present prefect tense.take / work / find / see / speak / know / begin do / learn / eat / have / write / give / live / buy / be1.I met Barbara when we were in elementary school. We _______________ each other for over twenty years.2. We __________________ many new words since we started this course.3. That’s a wonderful movie. I ____________________ it three times.4. Mr. and Mrs. Tonner _____________________ married for 10 years.5. You are late! The class ________________ already __________________.6. Robert is my neighbor. He ___________________ next door to me for five years.7. Mary ____________________ several letters to her parents since she left home.8. We _____________________ in that restaurant several times.9. Our teacher _____________________ us a lot of help with the homework assignment.10. She ______________________ to her landlord many times about the broken window.11.We have a new camera. We _____________________ some beautiful pictures of thegrandchildren.12. They ____________________ all their homework already.13. Mrs. Baxter _________________________ all her groceries for the week.14.Tommy ______________________ a bad cold for two weeks.15. Frank _____________________ for that company for many years.16. After three months of looking, she __________________ a beautiful apartment to rent.Present Perfect Tense - NegativeA. Choose the correct verb from the list below to complete the following sentences. Put the verb in the negative form of the present prefect tense.fix / begin / arrive / be / see / stop / speak / buy / read / visit1. Mathew is waiting on the corner for his girlfriend, but she __________________ yet.2. My brother lives in a different country. I _____________________ him for two years.3. Ellie and Bill got a divorce five years ago. They ________________ to each other since then.4. It is only 8:45. The class _____________________ yet.5. It started to snow last night and it still __________________________.6. She has finally decided which car she wants, but she ________________________ it yet.7. I heard that the movie at the Roxy Theater is great , but I ______________________ it yet.8. I bought a newspaper today, but I still ______________________ it.9. He took his car to the service station yesterday, but they ____________________ it yet.10.The Andersons moved out of New York ten years ago and they __________________ backto the city since then.B. Match the questions on the left with the correct answer on the right.1. Has he finished university yet? A) No, he hasn’t. He’s still talking.2. Have you eaten breakfast yet? B) No, I haven’t. My wife’s still reading it.3. Have they gotten married yet? C) No, he hasn’t graduated yet.4. Has the president finished speaking yet? D) No it hasn’t. The teacher isn’t here yet.5. Has Mary watered the plants yet? E) No, they haven’t finished yet.6. Has the doctor seen you yet? F) No, they haven’t. They’re still engaged.7. Has the sun come out yet? G) No, she hasn’t. They are still dry.8. Have they finished their homework yet? H) No, I haven’t. I’ll eat in a few minutes.9. Has the class begun yet? I) No, he hasn’t. He is with another patient.10. Have you read the paper yet? J) No, it hasn’t. It’s still raining.Present Perfect Tense with Since and ForRewrite the following sentences using since or for and the verb provided. You may have to change some of the words, but keep the same meaning.Ex. Bill and Rita got married twenty years ago.Bill and Rita have been married for twenty years. (be)1. Jordan moved into this apartment in 2005.__________________________________________________________________________ (live)2. Ellen and Rose met each other 40 years ago.__________________________________________________________________________ (know)3. The teacher came to school at 8:00 this morning.__________________________________________________________________________ (be)4. Robbie grew a beard six months ago.__________________________________________________________________________ (have)5. Dennis bought his car four years ago.__________________________________________________________________________ (own)6. Maria started to wear glasses when she was five years old.__________________________________________________________________________ (wear)7. David fell in love with Patricia when they were teenagers.__________________________________________________________________________ (be)8. Mark started to work at the bank three years ago.__________________________________________________________________________ (work)9. Sam learned how to swim three years ago.__________________________________________________________________________ (know)Present Perfect Tense with Already/YetMrs. Tonner’s School Day Schedule8:309:0010:0011:0011:3012:151:002:003:00arrive at schooltakeattendance;teach Frenchclassmeet withtheprincipalteachSpanish classwrite reportcardseat lunch,go for a walkmeet withJoe’sparentstakestudents to thelibraryreadstudents’essays;go home at4:00Read the schedule above and make 10 sentences using already and yet. Assume it is now 12:00.Ex. Mrs. Tonner has already taken attendance.________________________________________________1.____________________________________________________________________________________2. ____________________________________________________________________________________3.____________________________________________________________________________________4. ____________________________________________________________________________________5. ____________________________________________________________________________________6. ____________________________________________________________________________________7. ____________________________________________________________________________________8. ____________________________________________________________________________________9. ____________________________________________________________________________________10. ____________________________________________________________________________________Present Perfect Tense with Already/YetYour Daily Schedule7:00 -8:008:00-9:009:00-10:0010:00-12:0012:00-2:002:00-4:004:00-6:006:00-9:009:00-10:00 Follow the example on the previous page (Mrs. Tonner’s Schedule). Fill in the above schedule with yourown activities, then write full sentences below.Ex. It’s 11:00. I have already taken a shower and had breakfast. I haven’t had lunch yet.1. ____________________________________________________________________________________2. ____________________________________________________________________________________3. ____________________________________________________________________________________4. ____________________________________________________________________________________5. ____________________________________________________________________________________6. ____________________________________________________________________________________7. ____________________________________________________________________________________8.____________________________________________________________________________________9. ____________________________________________________________________________________Past Participles – BingoInstructions: Choose 24 verbs from the list below and write the past participle of each one in any space on your bingo card. Mix them up. Do not write them in the same order as the list. (This will ensure you all have a different card.) Your teacher will call out certain past participles. If you have one, cover it with your bean, piece of cardboard, candy, or any other marker your teacher gives you. When you have one line any way covered, shout Bingo. (You must have the correct past participle under each marker in order to win.)___________________________________________________________________________ become begin bet bite blow breakbring build catch choose come costcut dig do draw drink driveeat fall feel fight find flyforget freeze get give go growhang have hear hide hit holdhurt keep know leave let losemake mean meet pay quit ringread ride run see sell sendshake shoot shut sink sit sleepspeak spend stand stick sweep swingswim take teach tell think throwwake wear win write understandVerb Bingo – Past ParticiplesPresent Perfect Tense with Ever and NeverPractice using the present perfect tense by asking questions beginning with “Have you ever…?”. Use the words provided to make your questions.Ex. you /ever/ be/ to France - Have you ever been to France?Then answer each question using either a positive or negative reply.Ex. Have you ever been to France?Yes, I have. I’ve been there several times. or Yes, I have. I was there last year. or No, I haven’t.1. the teacher/ ever/ be/ late for class ___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________2. the pilot/ ever/ fly/ in a helicopter ___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________3. your father/ ever/ make/ dinner for your mother ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________4. you/ ever/ find/ a lot of money on the street ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________5. the children/ ever/ go camping/ in the forest ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________6. the baseball team/ ever/ win a championship game ______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________7. the actress/ever/ forget her lines _____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________8. the policeman/ever/ shoot anyone ___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________9. the politicians/ever/ break their promises ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________Present Perfect – Scrambled SentencesPut the words below in the correct order to make grammatically correct sentences. (Each sentence is in the present perfect tense.)Ex. finished they yet homework their haven’t They haven’t finished their homework yet.1. week I flu had the since have last________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. time divorced she for been long a has________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. been week absent all school from has he________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. this city apartment lived since I in this have I moved to________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. lesson already that has teacher taught the________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Edith child since glasses was a worn has she________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. since she at broke work hasn’t her been leg she________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. new very happy the their children puppy they have since got been________________________________________________________________________________________Present Perfect Tense – Questions with How LongPractice using Since and ForRead the following sentences and write a ‘how long’ question for each one.Ex. I live in Toronto. How long have you lived in Toronto? I have lived in Toronto for twenty years. orI have lived in Toronto since I was a child. or I have lived in Toronto since 1988.1. Jane works at a travel agency. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Bill wears glasses. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Mark and Sharon are married. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. I know Ben very well. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Margaret has a bad cold. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. John owns a Toyota. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The teacher is in the classroom now. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Daniel and Sara are on vacation in Europe now. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Andrea speaks French very well. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Kerry believes in ghosts. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. The boss is angry at his secretary. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. The fridge is empty. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Present Perfect Tense Vs. Simple Past TenseComplete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb provided, simple past or present perfect.1. _______________________ you _____________________ to your boyfriend yet? (write)Yes, I _____________________. I _____________________ to him last week.2. _____________________ your parents _____________________ a new car yet? (buy)Yes, they _____________________. They _____________________ one last month.3. _____________________ Ellen _____________________ her new dress yet? (wear)Yes, she _____________________. She _____________________ it last night.4. _____________________ you _____________________ your car keys yet? (find)Yes, I _____________________. I _____________________ them on the shelf in the kitchen. 5. _____________________ the children _____________________ to bed yet? (go)Yes, they _____________________. They _____________________ to bed an hour ago.6. _____________________ Mrs. Stewart _____________________ the doctor yet? (see)Yes, she _____________________. She _____________________ him yesterday.7. _____________________ the president _____________________ to the reporters yet? (speak)Yes, he _____________________. He _____________________ to them a few minutes ago.8. _____________________ your soccer team _____________________ a game yet? (lose)Yes, we _____________________. We _____________________ the game last Saturday.9. _____________________ Sam _____________________ a Spanish course yet? (take)Yes, he _____________________. He _____________________ one last semester.10. _____________________ you _____________________ your new neighbors yet? (meet)Yes, I _____________________. I _____________________ them last week.Present Perfect Tense Vs. Simple Past Tense (2)Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb provided, simple past or present perfect.1.We _______________________(move) to Vancouver last April. We _______________________(live) therefor six months now.2.I _______________________ (go) to every hockey game this season. I _______________________ (go) tothe game last night with my brother.3.I ____________________ (lose) my house key last week and I still ______________________ (not/find) it.4.When _______________________ you _______________________(quit) smoking?I _______________________(not/smoke) for over five years now and I will never smoke again.5.Nora _______________________ (buy) a lot of souvenirs yesterday. She _______________________never _______________________ (buy) this many souvenirs on a vacation before.6.“Would you like another cup of coffee?”“No thanks. I _______________________ already _______________________ (have) three cups.7.Frank _______________________(work) for ABC Electric from 1990 to 2002. Now he owns his ownbusiness. He _______________________(have) it for six years.8.Grandma _______________________(fall) and _______________________(break) her hip last week. She_______________________ (be) in the hospital since then.9.My former teacher _______________________(be) Mr. Blair. My present teacher is Mrs. Carter. I_______________________ (be) in her class for three months now.10.In my whole life, I _______________________ never _______________________(meet) a famous person,but my brother ____________________ (speak) to three famous actors when he was in Hollywood last year.st year we _______________________(drive) through three Canadian provinces. Now we are travelingin Europe. We ____________________ already ____________________ (drive) through eight countries. 12.This French course _______________________ (start) three months ago. We _______________________already _______________________ (learn) several verb tenses and thousands of new words.13.Mr. Barnes _______________________(die) last year. Mrs. Barnes _______________________(move) intoher daughter’s house shortly after that and _______________________ (be) there since then.Find Someone Who…… (Present Perfect Tense Review)Interview your classmates. Use the words provided below to ask questions with the present perfect tense. Write the name of the classmate who gives you a “yes” answer. Then follow-up with another question using the simple past tense.Ex. ( ever/ see/ the Eiffel Tower) Walk around the class and find someone who has seen the Eiffel Tower. Have you ever seen the Eiffel Tower? Yes, I have. MaryWhen did you see it? I saw it two years ago.1. (move/ to a new house or apartment/ recently) _________________________________2. (ever/ have/ a pet bird) _________________________________3. (receive/ a gift/ in the past week) _________________________________4. (read/ a good book/ this month) _________________________________5. (ever/ go to a hospital/ in an ambulance) _________________________________6. (ever/ have your name/ in the newspaper) _________________________________7. (ever/ win/ money/ in a lottery) _________________________________8. (ever/sleep/ in a tent) _________________________________9. (ever/ meet/ a famous person) _________________________________10. (ever/ see/ a ghost) _________________________________11. (ever/ lose/ your wallet) _________________________________12. (have/ a cold/ this month) _________________________________13. (ever/ swim/ in the ocean) _________________________________14. (wear/ glasses/ for more than ten years) _________________________________15. (ever/ go fishing) _________________________________16. (live/in this city/ for more than five years) _________________________________AnswersPage 1A. 1. worked, worked 2. did, done 3. ate, eaten 4. called, called 5. began, begun 6. give, given 7. answered, answered 8. saw, seen 9. had, had 10. went, gone 11. studied, studied 12. taught, taught 14. talked talked B. Page 21. have known2. have learned3. have seen4. have been5. has/begun6. has lived7. has written8. have eaten9. has given10. has spoken 11. have taken 12. have done 13. has bought 14. has had 15. has worked 16. has foundPage 3A. 1. hasn’t arrived 2. haven’t visited 3. haven’t spoken 4. hasn’t begun 5. hasn’t stopped 6. hasn’t bought 7. haven’t seen 8. haven’t read 9. haven’t fixed 10. haven’t beenB. 1/C 2/H 3/F 4/A 5/G 6/I 7/J 8/E 9/D 10/BPage 41. Jordan has been living in his apartment since 2005.2. Ellen and Rose have known each other for 40 years.3. The teacher has been here since 8:00 this morning.4. Robbie has had a beard for six month.5. Dennis has owned his car for four years.6. Maria has worn glasses since she was five.7. David has been in love with Patricia since they were teenagers.8. Mark has worked at the bank for three years.9. Sam has known how to swim for three years.Page 91. Has the teacher ever been late for class?2. Has the pilot ever flown in a helicopter?3. Has your father ever made dinner for your mother?4. have you ever found a lot of money on the street?5. Have the children ever gone camping in the forest?6. Has the baseball team ever won a championship game?7. Has the actress ever forgot her lines?8. Has the policeman ever shot anyone?9. Have the politicians ever broken their promises?Page 101. I have had the flu since last week.2. She has been divorced for a long time.3. He has been absent from school all week.4. I have lived in this apartment since I moved to this city.5. The teacher has already taught that lesson.6. Edith has worn glasses since she was a child.7. She hasn’t been at work since she broke her leg.8. The children have been very happy since they got their new dog.Page 111. How long has Jane worked at a travel agency?2. How long has bill worn glasses?3. How long have Mark and Sharon been Married?4. How long have you known Ben?5. How long has Margaret had a bad cold?6. How long has John owned a Toyota?7. How long has the teacher been in the classroom?8. How long have Daniel and Sara been on Vacation?9. How long has Andrea spoken French? 10. How long has Kerry believed in ghosts? 11. How long has the boss been angry at his secretary? 12. How long has the fridge been empty? Page 121. have, written, did, wrote2. have, bought, have, bought3. has, worn, has, wore4. have, found, have, found5. have, gone, have, went6. has, seen, has, saw7. has, spoken, has, spoke8. has, lost, have lost9. has, taken, has, took 10. have, met, have met Page 131. moved, have lived2. have been, went3. lost, haven’t found4. did, quit, haven’t smoked5. bought, has never bought6. have, had7. worked, has had 8. fell, broke, has been 9. was, have been 10. have never met, spoke 11. drove, have already driven 12. started, have already learned 13. died, moved, has beensimple formsimple past past participle knowknew known meetmet met iswas/were been flyflew flown writewrote written readread read livelived lived fallfell fallen feelfelt felt taketook taken drive drove driven。

Present prefect 现在完成时1. 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）定义：（1）强调动作是过去发生的（2）强调对现在的影响或结果（3）在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。

2. 用法：（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段为。

时间②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Eg：Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.●注：a）瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。

要改变动词come/arrive/reach/get to-----be ingo out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be dead………………★1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.★2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.★3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?★4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.★5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1)be＋married代marry2)be＋ill代fall (get) ill3)be＋dead代die4)be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5)be＋awake代wake/wake up6)be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7)be＋open代open8)be closed代close/shut9)be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1)1“be＋on”代start,begin2)2“be＋up”代get up3)3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4)4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1) 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2) 2.用be in the army 代替join the army3) 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to。

Present Perfect Tense1.The present perfect tense used to talk about things that happened before the timeyou are speaking or writing but are relevant to the present situation, or things that began in the past and are still happening.2.Structure:The present perfect tense is formed with have/has + done, as in, “They have decided what to do."3.Signal words:When you see words like for, since, never, ever, already, just, yet and so far in a sentence, it often means that you need to use the present perfect tense. For example,●I have been to Shanghai for three years.●She has gone to Beijing since three years ago.●John has never seen Harry Potter.●Have you ever seen anything like it?●You have already been rich.●I have just bought a new house.●Has the bus left yet? They haven’t finished yet. (“yet” always used fornegative sentence and questions)●So far, we have done five tasks.NOTICE: For and Since with Present Perfect TenseWe often use for and since with perfect tenses:•We use for to talk about a period of time: five minutes, two weeks, six years •We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday Look at these example sentences using for and since with the Present Perfect tense: •I have been here for twenty minutes.•I have been here since 9 o'clock.•John hasn't called for six months.•John hasn't called since February.•He has worked in New York for a long time.•He has worked in New York since he left school.4.(+)Positivesentence(-)N egativesentence(?)General question(?)Special question5.When we use the Present Perfect in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing. I have →I've You have → You've He has → He's She has →She'sIt has → It's John has →John's The car has →The car's We have → We've They have →They've • You've told me that before. • John's seen Harry Potter .In negative sentences, we may contract the auxiliary verb and "not": • You haven't got a chance. • She hasn't heard from him.He's or he's Be careful! The 's contraction is used for the auxiliary verbs have and be . For example, "It's eaten" can mean: • It has eaten. (Present Perfect tense, active voice) • It is eaten. (Present Simple tense, passive voice) It is usually clear from the context.6. How do we use the Present Perfect Tense We use the Present Perfect to talk about: • experience • change• continuing situation1). Present Perfect for experienceWe often use the Present Perfect to talk about experience from the past. We areConnection with past: the event was in the pastConnection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event;I know something about the event; I have experience of it2). Present Perfect for changeWe often use the Present Perfect to talk about a continuing situation. This is a state that started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably continue into the future). This is a situation (not an action). We usually use for or since with thisExercise:I.Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1.I____already____(see)the film.I________(see)it last week.2._____he____(finish)his work today?Not yet.3.My father____just____(come)back from work.He is tired now.4.Where’s Li Ming?He__________(go)to the teacher’s office.5.I__________(work)here since I______(move)here in1999.6.So far I_______________(make)quite a few friends here.7.How long________the Wangs______________(stay)here?For two weeks.8.I________just___________(finish)my homework.9.He________(go)to school on foot every day.10.____you______(find)your science book yet?11.If it____(be)fine tomorrow,I'll go with you.12.The students____________(read)English when the teacher came in.13.Look!The monkey__________(climb)the tree.14.My mother__________(come)to see me next Sunday.15.I've lost my pen._________you________(see)it anywhere?II.Rewrite the sentences.1.I have been to Macau before.Negative sentence: I__________________been to Macau before.2.He hasn’t come to school because he was ill.(ask for the underlined information) Special question: _____________he come to school?3.I bought a new bike just now.(Rewrite the sentence with “just”)I____just____a new bike.4.We began to learn English three years ago. (rewrite the sentence in present perfect tense)We________English____three years.5.They have been here since2000.(ask for the underlined information)Special question: ______________have they been here?6.The old man_________last year.He has______________for a year.(fill in the blanks with the proper form of “die”)7.Miss Gao left an hour ago.(rewrite the sentence in present perfect tense)Miss Gao has_______________________an hour.III. Use“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since” to fill in the blanks.1.I have_______seen him before,so I have no idea about him.2.Jack has_________finished his homework.3.Mr.Wang has taught in this school________ten years.4.“Have you________seen the film?”“No,I have________seen it.”5.“Has the bus left_______?”“Yes,it has_________left.”。

初级商务英语（14）(1)Unit 14Company resultsPresent perfect v. past simple1. Listeninglisten to a company chairman making an end-of-year presentation. As you listen, complete his presentation notes.请见附图14-1Listening taskI’d like to spend a few minutes of your time looking back over the year. I’m going to divide my review into three areas: firstly, financial, secondly, personnel and finally technology.On the financial front, the results have been very pleasing. Turnover has increased by 14%, costs have dropped by 3%and profits are up by 16%. So the company as a whole has performed well. Some business areas have done better than others. Export sales have done very well-especially in America, our largest export market. The domestic consumer market has been very competitive and will continue to be so-our results in this market have been rather disappointing-just 1% up compared with last year. Right, let’s move on to personnel. Our policy of personnel development through training and promotion opportunities has continued to be a great success. We have actually recruited 72 new staff, while 20 have retired-so there’s a net balance of 52. The training department has expanded considerably and moved into new areas such as quality assurance and sales training.Finally, technology. I thought you would be interested to have an update since this vital for out future growth. Over the last year, our Research Department has thoroughly tested a new prototype engine. Results so far have looked promising. We have also invested heavily in a European technology programme which links industry with the universities.Right, those are the three main areas- finance, personnel and technology. Are there any questions, personnel and technology. Are there any questions, before I go on?...2. PresentationIn his presentation, the chairman used the present perfect tense(has/have + past participle).e.g. The results have been very pleasing.The company has performed well.He uses this tense because:1. He is probably talking at the end of December-the year is not quite finished.2. He doesn’t specifically refer to time periods. Contrast the present perfect and the past simple in the following sentences:The company has performed well.(present perfect)The company performed well at the beginning of the year.(past simple)3. Many of the events have a present impact.e.g. We have invested heavily in the European technology programme.So, we can contrast the present perfect with the past simple, as follows:请见附图14-23. Controlled practiceA. Put the verbs in brackets into an appropriate tense-present perfect or past simple.1. Turnover __________________________by 14% last year. (increase)2. The company ______________________ disappointing results recently. (have)3. Two years ago we ___________________ very competitive. (be)4. Two years ago we ___________________ an updated product. (launch)5. We _______________________________ 20 junior managers. (recruit)6. _____________you ever ______________ Australia? (visit)7. We _______________________________ there last June. (go)8. We ______________ not _____________ the results of the tests yet. (receive)9. _________________ you _____________ the report? (see)Yes, it was interesting.10. There senior managers _______________ this year. (retire)B. Complete the chart belowIrregular verbs请见附图14-3课文注释及词汇讲解：* an end-of-year presentation 年终讲话* chairman董事长，总裁，（会议）主席* spend 花费（时间，金钱）spend ... in doing sth.spend ... on sth.e.g. I’d like to spend a few minutes of your time looking back over the year. 我想花大家几分钟时间回顾一下本年度的情况。

一、present perfect 的基本概念代词的原意是“现在完成时”，指的是动作或状态发生在过去，对现在产生影响，或者持续到现在为止。

在英语中，present perfect 是一种时态形式，构成方式是 have/has + 过去分词。

它表示过去发生的动作或状态与现在的关系，常用来表达过去经验或行为对现在造成的影响或结果。

二、present perfect 的基本用法1. 表示过去的经验或完成的动作present perfect 常用来表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。

例如：- I have studied English for five years.（我学习英语已经五年了。

）- She has visited Paris three times.（她去过巴黎三次。

）2. 表示持续到现在的动作或状态present perfect 也常用来表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

例如：- I have lived in this city since 2010.（我从2010年就在这个城市居住。

）- They have been friends for over ten years.（他们已经是朋友超过十年了。

）3. 表示动作刚刚完成present perfect 还可以表示刚刚完成的动作，此时常与 recently, just, already 等时间状语连用。

例如：- I have just finished my homework.（我刚刚完成了作业。

）- He has already left for the airport.（他已经去机场了。

）三、present perfect 与 simple past 的区别1. 时间概念不同present perfect 强调的是与现在的联系，而 simple past 则强调的是动作发生的时间。

例如：- I have read that book.（我读过那本书。

现在完成时Present perfect 句型1.肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。

E.g. I have eaten my lunch.注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。

2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。

（回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．／“No，．．．haven’t（hasn’t）．” ）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）E.g.He hasn’t changed his idea4、选用for和since填空:1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory ______ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.6. It’s five years _______ we met last time5、延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)1.He died 10 years ago.--- He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.--- He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.---He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.--- He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.--- The light has been on for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago.--- He has been away from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago.--- The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago.--- The door has been open for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago.--- The door has been closed for an hour.10. He joined the army last year.--- He has been a soldier for a year.--- He has been in the army for a year.--- It is a year since he joined the army.练习。