白车身制造的质量保障体系
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白车身制造的质量保障体系 ---GD&T,数字化验证,及在线检测方法刘明隆 2007-9-15内容简介1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 背景介绍 整车开发流程简介 白车身制造工艺开发要素 白车身质量控制流程 白车身制造基准---DTS 与 GD&T 公差的虚拟验证与优化 制造在线检测与故障诊断系统 制造质量保障体系 总结背景介绍1. 2. 3.• • • •国家确立汽车为支柱产业,汽车产量全球第三,720万辆;20%-25%增 长; 真正的制造大国,对自主创新能力需求日益迫切;为成为制造强国做准 备; 全球市场竞争压力:产品------精品; 分割市场-------抢夺市场; 品质的被动接受------质量诉求觉醒; 投放周期相对宽松------市场投放周期缩短与竞争惨烈;4. 5. 6. 7.制造工程开发效益潜力日渐凸现,质量与成本的矛盾日益突出; 供应商联合开发的程度愈来愈高,其管理难度愈来愈大;对制造质量要 求的规范化需求日益迫切; 人才流动大,关键人才的短缺严重; 人民币升值压力,与国内通货膨胀持续增长;整车开发流程简介Document Of Strategic Intent Vehicle Program Initiation Verified Data Release Start of Regular ProductionDSIVPIVDRSORPTheme Dev.Styling DesignStyling ReleaseOngoing and Staged Virtual Learning CyclesArchitecture Concept Design Structure Design Integration Design Mule Tool/Build/Test Integration VehicleLearning CyclesProduction Tool Design/BuildMatching Part ApprovalPVV – Product/Process Validation VehiclePVV LaunchResponses Include Responses Include Wind noise Wind noise Fit Fit Finish Finish Leaks Leaks Squeaks Squeaks Rattles Rattles整车性能开发Function Development•Development hardware can be eliminated through the use of Virtual Development & Assessment toolsEnergy ManagementHarmony & Human FactorsOptimization & Robust EngineeringStructures Powertrain Noise & Vibration Vehicle Dynamics Crash/SafetyThermal/ AerodynamicsQRD-Quality, Reliability, Durability Electrical/ Electronics Control Systems Ongoing and Staged Virtual Learning Cycles PackagingManufacturing CAE & Dimensional Integration核心制造工艺• OEM 核心制造能力= 白车身制造能力+发动机系统制造能力主机厂生产性核心工艺: 制造工艺的内容 冲压工艺 焊装工艺 主机厂核心制造工艺--涂装工艺 四大工艺 总装工艺 主机厂核心制造工艺--发动机机加工制造与装配工艺(发动机 发动机制造工艺 自供)OEM非核心制造工艺--零部件制造加工工艺白车身制造工艺开发要素1. 白车身结构(搭接,焊点) 2. 定位基准与型位公差(Datum & Locating scheme, GD&T) 3. 模具 4. 焊装夹具 5. 检具与检测策略白车身制造工艺开发成本要素白车身质量控制流程项目质量阀开启控制流程------全流程控制Vehicle Program Initiation Vehicle Alternatives Program Development Initiation Design Sign-Off SignContract Sign-Off SignVerified Data Release Integration Critical Teat Complete Vehicle Test Complete Validation Document Complete Start of Start of Regular System Fill ProductionDSIADVPIDSOCSOVDRINT Crit TestVTCVDCSSFSORP项目推进评审PET/VLT/VPR Reviews(continuous reviews)VPR VLT PETDeliverables& Metrics Program Imperativesed lv so s re sue Un Is项目质量阀开启评审Program Quality Readiness Reviews PQRR Deliverables ERA participationConceptualize/DesignPQRR VPIVehicle Program InitiationPQRR DSODesign Sign-Off Sign-PQRR CSOContract Sign-Off Sign-PQRR VDRVerified Data ReleasePQRR INTIntegrationPQRR PVVProduct/Process Vehicle ValidationPQRR MVPQRRPRODPQRR STCShip to CommerceManufacturing Production ValidationDesign/Process DevelopLaunch ReadinessContinuous Improvement概念开发阶段产品/制造工艺开发阶段投产准备开发阶段白车身质量控制基准1.内外观尺寸目标2.检测计划3.定位基准4.公差标准检测计划定位基准C2项目的GDT图纸,有别于初始GDT图纸公差的虚拟验证与优化输入物评审建模模拟计算模型修正再模拟计算根据计算结果提出更改建议产品工艺供应商接收建议根据建议的接收情况优化模型再模拟计算输出最终分析报告YESNO输出误差源分析报告输出.PDO模型输出模型的公差库终DTSC2项目以乘用型车为建模的对象,兼用型参考乘用型车。
工艺设计阶段:预测尺寸问题,改进设计和工艺,并指导验证GDT确定定位基准建立装配装配动画点击显示动画•建立测量点•公差库•输入公差•建立测量操作及计算结果•模拟计算•结果分析•公差源贡献因子分析•建立测量操作及计算结果样件的测量数据重新建模模拟计算根据计算结果提出更改建议工装修改工装调试及批量生产阶段:解决调试和批生产中的实际问题使用设计阶段的数模公差的虚拟验证与故障诊断制造在线检测与故障诊断系统过程监测与产品检测:检测产品缺陷, 诊断过程故障, 减少相关的停产时间, 材料损失及保修成本.过程控制与改进:主动诊断生产过程中的潜在问题, 改进生产过程的质量能力, 降低制造成本.BlankingSubassemblyAssemblyPanelFittingPainting GeneralAssemblyStamping &Sub-subassembly为什么我们需要测量?尺寸波动存在于车身制造装配过程的每一个环节没有测量的结论只是主观臆断尺寸波动的影响:•装配性•功能性•外观我们应该在哪里测量?测量系统BlankingSubassembly测量系统AssemblyPanelFittingPainting GeneralAssemblyStamping &Sub-subassembly测量系统所有关键环节都应该测量我们应该如何测量?100%在线测量离线采样测量100%在线测量与离线采样测量比较-2.00-1.50-1.00-0.500.000.501.001.502.002.50020406080100120140160180200Job NumbersM e a s u r e m e n t (m m )-2.00-1.50-1.00-0.500.000.501.001.502.002.50020406080100120140160180200Job Numbers M e a s u r e m e n t (m m )三座标采样测量结果100%在线测量结果三座标采样测量•成品测量•检具标定•特例研究100%在线测量•制造过程监控•故障诊断•制造过程改进100%测量–制造过程控制制造过程故障诊断确认改正措施Hood hingeattach bracket100%在线测量系统在北美的用户类型可靠的测量系统可靠的数据测量诊断分析管理数据分析与尺寸波动减少案例分析应用•为下游过程提供数据•评估零件质量•用于在线, 离线及冲压件•监测产品质量•超差零部件报警•剔除不合格产品•分析判断制造过程问题•减少尺寸波动•制造能力评估•系统性应用于主动性控制•保持与改进系统性能•经验和知识传递零件产品制造过程系统性能在线监测早期诊断100%在线测量制造过程质量控制应用案例研究的方法:案例研究的程序:确认问题• 6 Sigma 排列图•客户因素分析工具•X-Bar and R Chart •Histogram •Correlation •Relationship •Visual fixture分析根源过程映射•Checkpoint Location •Hierarchical Structure •Geometrical Station •PLP•Multiple tooling制订计划评估结果执行计划记录存档100%在线测量应用流程图输出输出制造过程测量产品合格不合格返工报废回收处置评估数据分析诊断故障发现决策确认措施应用实施措施工件过程监测与产品检测的案例Case Study #052401A:H7085M05 Left Front Control Arm - F/A axis 1. Problem Identification (问题确认): A mean shift of H7085M05 (left front control arm hole) is observed and the reject alarm is triggered.测量系统报警发现数据偏移Case Study #052401A:H7085M05 Left Front Control Arm - F/A axis 2. Root Cause Analysis (根源分析): The part is visually inspected and the pierced hole is found damaged. The root cause is that the bush in the piercing unite is missing causing the extruding of the hole edge. 3. Action Plan (措施计划): Shift production to the backup unit and repair the piercing unit. 4. Action (措施实施): The production is resumed using backup unit, damaged parts (21) are manually repaired. The piercing unit is repaired later. 5. Evaluation (效果评估): The measurement goes back to previous level. Repaired parts are shipped.Case Study #052401A:H7085M05 Left Front Control Arm - F/A axis 6. Cast Evaluation (成本分析): Cost at Current Containment Point (当前位置的成本): Plant Personnel repairs all 21 underbody sub-assemblies at a rate of 10 minutes per job. If the jobs are removed at this containment point the plant experiences no loss of throughput.Repair Cost Downtime Cost Total = = = $ 122.50 $ 17,325.00 $ 17,447.50Cost at Next-Point-of-Containment (下一可能位置的成本): Without the Perceptron Underbody Station there are two other areas where the problem could have been detected. 1. Weld Inspectors make 4 to 5 checks a shift of key underbody welds. There is little chance that while checking for welds the inspectors could have noticed the degree of damage to the holes. At that point roughly 75 jobs would have been built with the damaged pierce holes. Plant personnel could repair the jobs at 15 minutes a piece and again no throughput would be lost.Repair Cost = $ 656.25 Downtime Cost = $ 61,875.00 Total = $ 65531.25 Cost Benefit Derived from Early Detection by Perceptron Station : $ 45,083.75 (早发现的成本节约)Case Study #052401A:H7085M05 Left Front Control Arm - F/A axis 6. Cast Evaluation (Continue) (成本分析继续): Cost at Next-Point-of-Containment (下一可能位置的成本): 2. After the weld inspectors, the next possible point of discovery is the station where the control arms are attached. This case would result in a system full of jobs with damaged pierce holes. Time required to repair each job rises to 30 minutes, and even with additional people assigned to the task a substantial loss of production would be the result. Repair Cost = $ 5,750.00 Downtime = 12.5 hours Loss of Throughput = 375 jobs ( 30 jph ) Downtime Cost = $ 975,000.00 Cost Benefit Derived from Early Detection by Perceptron Station : $ 980,669.50 (早发现的成本节约)在线检测结论• 100%在线测量提供关于产品及制造过程的即时信息, 以用于及时发现故 障, 避免超差零部件进一步造成不合格产品, 同时也可以减少相关的停产损 失. 100%在线测量提供关于制造过程性能的大量数据, 用于主动性的制造过程 控制及持续改进, 以不断提高制造过程性能及产品质量. 系统性的案例分析程序是取得成功的关键.• •制造质量保障体系制造工艺 开发体系制造工艺 业务同步工程与制造 工艺开发流程制造工艺 组织机构项目管理与制造工艺 信息系统,软硬件平台公差工程质量控制体系数据转换批生产测量系统质量信息桥数据装载数据装载基于发布与协作 的网站质量信息桥 报告输出试制质量信息桥输出桥制造信息系统质量信息桥 质量信息桥 质量信息桥报告安排及 历史报告工装开发虚拟验证:根 源分析及汇报 输出工艺设计产品信息E-mail打印总结• • • • • 我们面临前所未有的机遇与挑战; 白车身的质量是贯穿全流程开发; GD&T既是过程质量目标,又是实物质量目标; 几何尺寸公差的开发是一个工程循环开发过程; 一个好的公差体系是具有制造可靠性高,相对成本低,产品性 能好的体系; • 真正的白车身制造质量保障体系不仅仅是公差定义,虚拟验证 以及在线检测;而是制造的开发内涵,制造开发流程与方式, 组织机构与资源配置,项目管理及信息系统的质量综合!。