2020吉大附中一模

2019-2020学年吉林大学附属中学高中部高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AStudents, teachers, and local community members are strongly encouraged to register online to receive real-time information of emergency events fromColumbiaUniversity.Text message warnings will only be used in rare cases where ongoing events causean immediate threat or have a significant influence. Possible situations include severe weather conditions, emergency campus closures, crimes in progress that may endanger the community, and major transportation interruptions.Read instructions on how to sign up for emergency notifications（通知）.ColumbiastudentsColumbiastudents can easily register for text message notifications. Simply enter Student Services Online, click on "Text Message Enrollment" and add your cellphone number. Students can register parents or family members by following the instructions for the public below.ColumbiateachersColumbiateachers can register for text message notifications by following the step by step instructions below:● Register with your UNI and password .● Select "Faculty & Staff"at the top of the page.● Select "Contact Details".● Click the "+" under "Phone".● Select "Campus Alert 1".● Enter your mobile number.To receive emergency information on additional mobile phones, you may follow the above instructions for "Campus Alert2" and "Campus Alert 3" for a total of three.Community/General PublicCommunity/General Public interested in receiving emergency information fromColumbiacan sign up by clicking on the "Register" button on the registration page and entering their email and mobile number. Users will receive confirmation code（密码）on their phone and will need to confirm their account via email.Users can choose not to use the Emergency Text Alert System at any time by texting STOP to 226787, calling 226789 or sending an email tolr27682@.1.Which is a possiblesituation where a text message will be sent?A.The temperature will drop slightly tomorrow.B.The campus will be closed during Christmas.C.The main railway system of the city is interrupted.D.A bank robber is being sentenced in the court of the city.2.Which step comes before the others when teachers register?A.Selecting Campus Alert.B.Entering mobile numbers.C.Clicking "+" under "Phone".D.Selecting "Faculty& Staff".3.How can users stop receiving text messages?A.By sending an email.B.By texting STOP to 226789.C.By managing information online.D.By making a phone call to 226787.BThere are 195 countries in the world today but almost none of them have purple on their national flag. So what’s wrong with purple? It’s such a popular color1 today. Why would no country use it in their flag? The answer is really quite simple. Purple was just for too expensive.The color1 purple has been associated with royalty power and wealth for centuries. Queen Elizabeth I forbade anyone except close members of the royal family to wear it. Purple’s high status comes from the rarity and cost of the dye (染料)originally used to produce it. Fabric traders got the dye from a small sea snail (海螺)that was only found in the Tyre region of the Mediterranean. More than 10,000 snails were needed to create just one gram of purple; not to mention a lot of work went into producing the dye, which made purple dye so expensive.Since only wealthy rulers could afford to buy and wear the color1 , it became associated with the royal family. Sometimes, however, the dye was too expensive even for royalty. Third century Roman Emperor Aurelio famously wouldn’t allow his wife to buy a scarf made from purple silk because it cost three times its weight in gold. A single pound of dye cost three pounds of gold, which equals 56,000 dollars today. Therefore, even the richest countries couldn’t spend that much having purple on their flags.The dye became more accessible to lower-class about a century and a half ago. In 1856, 18-year-old Englishchemist William Henry Perkin accidentally created a man-made purple compound (化合物)while attemptingto produce an anti-malaria drug. He noticed that the compound could be used to dye fabrics, so he patented the dye, manufactured it and got rich. Purple dye was then mass-produced so everybody could afford it.Till now, a handful of new national flags have been designed and a few of them have chosen to use purple in their flag. So don’t be making any bets just yet.4. Why was color1 purple expensive in the past?A. Because only royal families were allowed to wear purple.B. Because it took a long time to get purple dye from gold.C. Because purple was worth as much as its weight in gold.D. Because purple dye used to be rare and hard to produce.5. Why did Roman Emperor Aurelio forbid his wife to buy a purple scarf?A. Because of poor quality.B. Because of long tradition.C. Because of bad taste.D. Because of high price.6. What is purple's situation now?A. Purple has been widely used on national flags.B. Purple dye is now affordable to ordinary people.C. Royal family stop using purple because it’s toocommon.D. Fewer snails are used to produce purple dye than before.7. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. No Purple Flags?B. Purple vs GoldC. How to Produce Purple Dye?D. The Birth of Purple ColorCTrees are “social creature” that communicate with each other in cooperative ways that hold lessons for humans, too, ecologist Suzanne Simard says. Simard grew up in Canadian forests as a child of loggers before becoming an ecologist. She's now a professor of forest ecology at theUniversityofBritish Columbia.Trees are linked to neighboring trees by a network of fungi below the surface of the earth that resembles the nervous networks in the brain, she explains. In one study, Simard watched as a Douglas fir tree that had been injured by insects appeared to send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby. The pine tree then produced defense enzymes to protect against the insect.“This was a breakthrough,” Simard says. The trees were sharing “information that actually is important to thehealth of the whole forest.”In addition to warning each other of danger, Simard says that trees have been known to share nutrients at critical times to keep each other healthy. She says the trees in a forest are often linked to each other via an older tree she calls a “mother” or “hub” tree.“In connecting with all the trees of different ages, the mother trees can actually ease the growth of these young trees,” she says. “The young trees will link into the network of the old trees and benefit from that huge resource capacity. And the old trees would also pass a little bit of carbon and nutrients and water to the young trees, at crucial times in their lives, that actually help them survive.”The study of trees took on a new resonance for Simard when she suffered from breast cancer. During her treatment, she learned that one of the medicines she relied on was actually obtained from what some trees produce for their own mutual defense. She explains her research on cooperation in the forest, and shares her personal story in the new bookFinding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of theForest.8. How could a Douglas fir tree send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby?A. By an underground network of fungi.B. By the nervous networks in the brain.C. By making cooperation with each other.D. By holding lessons to it as human beings.9. According to Simard, what was a breakthrough?A. Simard was-brought up in Canadian forests.B. She became a professor of forest ecology.C. The pine tree produced defense enzymes.D. Vital information was shared among trees.10. What helped Simard understand trees further?A. Her rich knowledge of trees.B. Her childhood in the forest.C. Her medicine gained from trees.D. Her research on cooperation.11. In Simard's book we may discover the wisdom of the forest except .A. communicating cooperativelyB. warning each other of dangerC. sharing nutrientsat critical timesD. sacrificing mother trees for survivalDContrary to the long-held belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition, new research hasfound that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result.The research, led by Dr Rocio, studied adult and seedling (幼苗)plants in the ecological desert in the south-east of Spain. Dr Rocio said, “If you're a seedling in a poor land — the top of a mountain or a sand hill, for example-and you’re lucky enough to end up underneath a big plant, your chances of survival are certainly better than if you landed somewhere on your own. What we have found, which was surprising, is an established large plant, called a ‘nurse’, protects a seedling; it also produces more flowers than the same plants of similar large size growing on their own.”Other benefits of nurse-seedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment. For example, vegetation areas with nurse plants with more flowers might be able to attract higher numbers of pollinators(传粉者)in an area, in turn supporting insect and soil life and even provide a greater range of different fruit types for birds and other animals.“The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity(生物多样性),” Dr Rocio said. “The more biodiversean area, the greater number of species of plants, insect life, mammals and birds, and the better the chances of long-term healthy functioning of the environment and ecosystems. ” This system is win-win for adult and seedling plants in unfavorable environments.The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments. Most home gardeners and farmers plan to ensure their soil and conditions are the best they can be for plant growth, but the findings might be of value to those who garden in bare places.12. What is a common understanding of plants?A. They can help each other.B. They can survive ill conditions.C. They compete with each other.D. They grow well on their own.13. What will happen to seedling plants if they grow under adult plants?A. They will produce more flowers.B. They will die owing to competition.C. They will make adult plants larger.D. They will get support from adult plants.14. What is the effect of the nurse-seedling partnership?A. It leads to unfavorable environments.B. It produces long-term healthy chances.C. It attracts higher and larger pollinators.D It provides a more variety of plant types.15. Who will benefit from the new research?A. People studying organic farming.B. People protecting plants on sand hills.C. People wanting to change biodiversity.D. People keeping more animals on the farm.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年吉林大学附属中学高中部高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AArtificial intelligence (Al) is practically everywhere today. There are so many products out there which use Al. Some are being developed, some are already in use, and some failed and are being improved, so it’s very difficult to name a few of them and regard them as the best.ViIt is an Al personal trainer which is mainly concerned with fitness and coaching. It, however, requires the use of bio-sensing earphones and other fitness tracking equipment! It can play your favourite music while you work out and all you have to worry about is the exercise you're doing.Deep TextDo you ever wonder how an ad appears suddenly just when you are looking for something similar? This is because of Deep Text. It uses real-time consumer information to produce data which in turn is used to target consumers. Thus, if you search online for flight tickets fromBangaloretoDelhi, it is very likely that an ad relating to hotels inDelhiwill soon follow.Hello EggIf you live alone and miss your mother because you always miss your breakfast or don’t know what to eat for dinner, then Hello Egg is exactly what you are looking for. A very healthy choice of the 2-minute noodles and oats, Hello Egg provides you with a detailed weekly meal plan about the needs of your body. It is truly a modern AI-powered home cooking tool for the young.WordsmithYou can put Mr. Smith into your Microsoft Excel using their free API, and let it write up detailed analysis of the stories behind your numbers. It can produce detailed reports on thousands of pages of spreadsheets in seconds.1. What can we learn about Vi from the text?A. It is an AI music player.B. It is a bio-sensing earphone.C. It doesn't work without bio-sensing earphones.D. It can make you more energetic while you work out.2. Which can help you improve cooking skill?A. Deep Text.B. Vi.C. Wordsmith.D. Hello Egg.3. What can Wordsmith do for us?A. Produce a detailed report.B. Provide us with a detailed meal plan.C. Book a ticket ahead of time.D. Offer us information on hotels for traveling.BIn 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he was asked to interview Mother Teresa.Donaldson says about the great woman famed for feeding the hungry, “She wasn't wearing shoes and her ankles were swollen. She sat down with me and was very polite.” After the interview, Mother Teresa asked him, “What are you doing to help the poor?” Donaldson admitted that he was young and wasn't focused on helping others. With a smile on her face, Mother Teresa said, “Everyone can do something.”Those words deeply struck Donaldson and forced him to face some hard truths about himself.Hal Donaldson grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet, they went on welfare. Donaldson says, “I had holes in my shoes and clothes. When you're teased at school for that, you just want to escape.”He managed to do just that. Donaldson got into college and turned his focus to making money for himself He says, “I was just trying to find my way out of insignificance. However, it's easy to overlook others along the way. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street, so I didn'thave to confront (面对) him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.”Donaldson returned home from India with a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and stayed on the streets and listened tostories of the homeless. “My heart broke,” he says. “I knew I could no longer just live for myself.”Inspired by Mother Teresa's words and the stories he'd heard across America. Donaldson loaded a pick-up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to anyone who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson createdthe nonprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world. Their work focuses on feeding children, women's empowerment, helping farmers and disaster services.4. What did 23-year-old Hal Donaldson do in India?A. He attended an interview for a college.B. He fed the hungry with Mother Teresa.C. He interviewed Mother Teresa.D. He did something to help the poor.5. What can we learn about Hal Donaldson from paragraph 4?A. He was born with disability.B. He led a hard life as a child.C. He was well treated at school.D. He survived as a parentless boy.6. How does Hal Donaldson describe himself in college?A. Self-centered.B. Sympathetic.C. Popular.D. Casual.7. How did Hal Donaldson change after he returned home from India?A. He preferred traveling to volunteering.B. He suddenly fell in love with journalism.C. He turned his focus to living for himself.D. He gradually devoted himself to helping others.CDoctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all, I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As 1 flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness sand said, we need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.8. What does the author say about doctors in general?A. They like flying by themselves.B. They are quick learners of CRM.C. They pretend to be good pilots.D. They are unwilling to take advice.9. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .A. his boss landed the plane too lateB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. he saved the plane by speaking upD. his boss operated on a patient10. In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .A. following flying requirementsB. making a mistake that may cost livesC. listening to what fellow doctors sayD. overreacting to different opinions11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. A Pilot-Turned DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorDFor 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to unheard of levels. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea-levels to rise and has brought about adangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense climatic changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic (人为的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The most recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0. 74 degrees in the period from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, sea levels have risen and the iceat the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries inAsiaand small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference inParis. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that will, for the first time, commit nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step forward for our earth and mankind!As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We are left with not much of a choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!12. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The information of industrial revolution.B. The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C. The reasons of climate change.D. The result of extreme weather events.13. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. We have made great achievements.B. Some measures are still required to take.C. Mars is suitable for people’s living.D. Some countries will receive urgent aid.14. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Long Live Planet Earth!B.Environment Changes Rapidly!C. What Serious Global Warming!D. How Important the UN Agreement Is!15. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?A. B.C. D.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年吉林大学附属中学高中部高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACome and enjoy Vivaldi's TheFour Seasonsperformed by live musicians!Tickets△Zone A Sating (Excellent Visibility, $75)△Zone B Seating (Great Visibility, $60)△Zone C Seating (Good Visibility, $45)△Zone D Seating (Restricted Visibility, 30)Zone A and Zone B audiences will get the chance to take pictures with the performers on the stage after the show.Highlights* A beautiful venue bathed in candlelight.*Classical music performance by the Angel Strings quartet*A safe and socially-distanced event, ensuring you are comfortable and at ease.General Info*Dates and times: Various dates, at 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm (select during purchase).*How long: 65 minutes. Doors open 45 minutes before the start time. We recommend you arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of the event, as late entry is not permitted.*Where: Events on Oxlade*Age requirement: Must be 8 years old or older to attend. Anyone under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult.*Please note: The 6:30 pm seating will take place during daylight hours outdoors, and the space will not be that dark. In the case of rain, the event will be moved to the indoor area of the venue.DescriptionWhether you're looking for a beautifully unique classical music performance or a romantic candlelit experience, this performance is for you. You don't need to know all things about Vivaldi to enjoy the evening; simply sit back and admire the wonderful atmosphere and the pieces you'll hear.Join our musicians for an evening under the stars, and prepare to be taken into the clouds with Vivaldi' s most treasured masterpieces!1.What can someone with a $45 ticket do?A.Perform on the stage.B.Enjoy good visibility.C.Select a seat in Zone B.D.Take photos with the musicians.2.What should potential audiences keep in mind?A.Arrive at the venue on time.B.Learn about Vivaldi in advance.C.The performance lasts 45 minutes.D.The event will be canceled if it rains.3.What do we know about the 8:30 p.m. performance?A.It welcomes children under the age of 8.B.Its performers differ on different dates.C.Its stage will be decorated with candles.D.It will be shown in the indoor area of the venue.BThis is Scientific America's 60-Second Science. I am Christopher Intagliata.The Apollo missions brought back 842 pounds of rock and soil from the moon, that's nearly 2200 different samples. But the most interesting one, according to a scientist Meenakshi Wadhwa, is a sample named "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5collected by Neil Armstrong on Apollo 11.“He was about to step back into the lunar module(登月舱) when he turned around and saw there were little spaces in the rock box. He knew that geologists on earth would be just so excited to study these materials, so he just scooped up nine scoops(勺) of soil and put it into the box." Wadhwa explained.It was one of the most well studied samples of the Apollo missions. And a geologist named John Wood noticed white flecks(微粒) of rock in the soil, which inspired him to dig deeper into the moon's ancient past.“This was quite a leap of imagination — he proposed that the whole of the moon had been almost covered with a magma(岩浆) ocean nearly 4.5 billion years ago. This was a revolutionary idea at the time, because people had thought the moon had formed cold, so it completely changed our idea how the moon formed.”But Wadhwa has a more personal reason to appreciate this sample. She met her husband Scott Parazynski also because of this rock sample. Scott, a mountaineer at that time, wanted to climbMount Everestwith a moon rock while Wadhwa was the chairman of the NASA committee that gives access to the samples for scientific purposes.Neil Armstrong's last-minute scoop of moon dust brought two people together here on Earth and upturned our understanding of how the moon — and the Earth itself-got here.Thank you for listening for Scientific American's 60-Second Science.4. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that ________ .A. Neil Armstrong was excited to find the soilB. the spaceship was about to land on the moonC. Sample "Apollo1-008-5" was collected at the last minuteD. scientists were not satisfied with the samples brought back by Neil5. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Scott made a new proposal about the moon's origin.B. The Apollo missions brought back 842 rock samples.C. "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5" brought new evidence to the moon's formation.D. Wadhwa and her husband climbedMount Everestwith a moon rock.6. What is this text?A. A short interview.B. An introduction to a scientist.C. An inspiring speech.D. A broadcast story of a program.7. What is the text mainly about?A. A romantic story of a moon rock.B. A big leap made by Neil Armstrong.C. An unusual task for Apollo missions.D. An unexpected discovery in moon exploration.CA man in Indonesia is walking backwards for 435 miles. He's making the trip to encourage the government and others to value and protect Indonesia's rainforests.Medi Bastoni is 43 years old. He is an Indonesian. Indonesia is a large country in the world formed by a group of islands. There are over 16, 000 islands there，and most of them are covered with rainforests. But on Java, where Mr. Bastoni lives, far more forests have been cleared.Mr. Bastoni believes it's important to protect forests from being cut down, and to restore (恢复) them when they have been destroyed. Near his home, Mount Wilis is now being restored, but Mr. Bastoni wants to make the protection continue. That's how he came up with the idea of the 435-mile walk.And walking backwards? Mr. Bastoni wants Indonesians to look back at their past. Walking backwards is a good way to get attention. Right now, Mr. Bastoni's backward walk is pretty big news in Indonesia.Mr. Bastoni is wearing a frame(框架)that supports a large mirror in front of him, above his head. This allows Mr. Bastoni to look behind him while walking backwards. Besides, Mr. Bastoni is carrying a backpack with some clothes and a little food. He is planning on buying more meals from restaurants along the way. He has been sleeping at police stations, security posts, and even strangers homes during the trip. His plan is to cover about 19 miles a day. In early August he was in Sragen -- about 100 miles from his home. It's not clear whether Mr. Bastoni is still on track to arrive in Jakarta by August 17.8. What do we know about rainforests in Indonesia?A. Indonesia has the largest area of rainforests in the world.B. The loss of rainforests is getting serious on Java.C. The islands there are all covered by rainforests.D Local people pay great attention to rainforests.9. Why did Mr Bastoni want to take the 435-mile walk?A With the purpose of fighting climate change.B. With the aim of becoming a healthy person.C. With the hope of rebuilding rainforests.D. With deep love for traditional sports.10. What's the function of the large mirror?A. To make sure of Mr. Bastoni's safety.B. To show Mr. Bastoni's position correctly.C. To allow Mr. Bastoni to look forwards easily.D. To help Mr. Bastoni enjoy views on the road.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. The difficulty of protecting rainforests in Indonesia.B. The importance of rainforests to Indonesia.C. A trip to recall history and attract attention.D. A walking backwards trip to save rainforests.DSonoma County is adding artificial intelligence to its wildfire fighting. The county has entered into anagreement with the South Korean firm Alchera to equip its network of fire-spotting cameras with software that detects wildfire activity and then issues a warning to authorities.The technology examines past and current images of terrain (地形;地势) and searches for certain changes, such as flames burning in darkness, said Chris Godley, the county’s director of emergency management. But emergency workers will first have to“teach”the system to distinguish between images that show fire smoke, and others that might show clouds, fog etc. The software will use feedback from humans to improve its algorithm(算法) and will eventually be able to detect fires on its own — or at least that’s what county officials hope.“It’s kind of like learning how to read,”Godley said. “What letters can I put together to make up a word?” The county activated the technology Wednesday and received 16 positive reports of smoke — all of which turned out to be permitted burns, he said. Once a seasonal ban on controlled burns goes into effect in April or May, the county plans to speed up the testing and feedback phase. The hope is that by November, the system will no longer need to be taught and can start providing reliable intelligence. Godley said. “It’s going to take us a while to make sure weget the bugs outand that we really can depend on it because ultimately this is a lifesaving mission.”The technology is intended to help officials investigate potential fire starts earlier so they can get personnel out to them more quickly and issue necessary warnings. Officials expect other places will adopt it if the technology is successful, particularly because it plugs into the camera network that’s already in place statewide.“We ultimately believe its potential could be realized in a year or two,” Godley said. “And it could really havea dramatic impact here in California.”12. What does the system first have to do before being put into work?A. Equip its network of fire-spotting cameras with software.B. Learn to tell between images of fire smoke and other pictures.C. Use feedbacks to improve its ability to detect fire independently.D. Examine images of the terrain and search for any possible changes.13. What do local officials expect the technology to accomplish?A. Be able to make positive reports of smoke.B. Be able to control seasonal burns in the area.C. Help them spot potential fire starts as soon as possible.D. Learn how to distinguish pictures of flames from clouds.14. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 mean?A. kill all the bugs.B. get rid of mistakesC. provide reliable informationD. speed up testing process15. What does the author mainly intend to tell us?A. AI is creating a dramatic impact in California.B. AI is applied to monitor terrains in California.C. A new tool to help detect wildfire in California.D. A new way to put an end to wildfire in California.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年吉林大学附属中学高中部高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you had the opportunity to live forever, would you take it? Keeping your body alive indefinitely still seems like an impossibility, but some scientists think that digital technology may have the answer: creating a digital copy of your “self” and keeping it “alive” online long after your physical body has ceased to function.In effect, the proposal is to clone a person electronically. Unlike the familiar physical clones — children that have identical features as their parents, but that are completely separate organisms with a separate life — your electronic clone would believe itself to be you. How might this be possible? The first step would be to mapthe brain.How? One plan relies on the development of nanotechnology (纳米技术). Ray Kurzweil — one of the kings of artificial intelligence — predicts that within two or three decades we will have nano transmitters that can be put into the bloodstream. Inthe capillaries (毛细血管) of the brain, they would line up alongside the neurons and detect the details of the cerebral (大脑的) electronic activity. They would be able to send that information to a receiver inside a special helmet, so there would be no need for any wires sticking out of the head.As a further step, Ray Kurzweil also imagines the nano transmitters being able to connect you to a world of virtual reality on the Internet, similar to what was shown in the film “Matrix”. With the nano transmitters in place, by thought alone, you could log on to the Internet and instead of the pictures coming up on your screen, they would play inside your mind. Rather than send your friends e-mails you would agree to meet up on some virtual tropical beach.Some peoplebelieve that they can enjoy life after death. But why wait for that when you could have a shot of nanobots (纳米机器人) and upload your brain onto the Internet and live forever as a virtual surfer?One snag: to exist on the net you will have to have your neural network parked on the computer of a web-hosting company. These companies want real money in real bank accounts every year or they will wipe your bit of the hard disc and sell the space to someone else. With your body six feet underground how will you pay?1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Nano transmitters can help map the human brain.B. Electronic clones recreate the original human body.C. Electronic clones may put their physical selves into movies.D. Nano transmitters use a helmet to detect the cerebral activities.2. What is the author’s attitude towards electronic clones?A. Optimistic and careful.B. Interested and unconvinced.C. Excited and confused.D. Assured and critical.3. The author asks “how will you pay?” at the end of the article, because ________.A. you can’t pay to exist on the Internet if you are physically deadB. you can’t pay for hard disc space if you don’t have a bank accountC. you can’t pay for a special service if too many people want to use itD.you can’t pay the web-hosting company if you don’t have a neural networkBOnline education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials. Its attractiveness, benefits, and challenges are addressed.In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral program. However, the first question out of her mouth was, “Do you offer any online courses?” Later that day, as I was reading the conference program guide trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realize at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.My responsibilities for the term included gaining more understanding of online education. Consequently, I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognize the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regular classroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programs at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two faculty members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for onlineeducation.4. What benefits the development of online education?A. Teachers’ good teaching ability.B. Lack of traditional classrooms.C. Learners’ access to free courses.D. The rapid advance of technology.5. Why did the author take a student for example?A. To show students’ love for the doctoral program.B. To persuade learners of traditional education.C. To explain the growing trend of online education.D. To predict the future of the teaching career.6. What caused the author to know more about online education?A. The appetite for knowledge.B. The professional responsibilities.C. The requirement of research.D. The colleagues’ encouragement.7. What is the author’s attitude to online education?A. Carefree.B. Doubtful.C. Supportive.D. Unwilling.CMost people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world’s population is left-handed.Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person’s two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the left hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a person’s hands and eyes work together, controls the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs.No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesn’t happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive thegene(基因) for right-handedness, he / she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with.Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don’t have to.8. After studying works of art made at different times in history, the scientists found _______.A. the art began from 1,500B.C.B. the works of art ended in the 1950sC. most people shown in the works of art are right-handedD. most people shown in the works of art are left-handed9. What is the left hand for most people used to do?A. It’s used to find or hold things.B. It’s used to work with things.C. It’s used to make a person’s eyes work together.D. It’s the centre for thinking and doing problems.10. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.B. Left-handedness is cleverer than right-handedness.C. Today children are not made to use their right hands only.D. Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.11. The best title for this passage is _______.A. Scientists’ New InventionsB. Left-handed PeopleC. Which HandD. Different Brains, Different HandsDYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move on their own, “The art form amazes me, becauseit combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at anexhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China inBeijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft by himself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency inBeijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned toChengduto open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are many more creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”12. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C. Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.13. Why did Yu quit his job inBeijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family inChengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.14. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.15. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年吉林大学附中中考数学一模试卷一、选择题（共8小题，每小题3分，共24分）1．（3分）﹣2020的倒数是（）A．﹣2020B．2020C．D．﹣2．（3分）成人每天维生素D的摄入量约为0.0000046克．数据“0.0000046”用科学记数法表示为（）A．46×10﹣7B．4.6×10﹣7C．4.6×10﹣6D．0.46×10﹣5 3．（3分）下列几何体中，其侧面展开图为扇形的是（）A．B．C．D．4．（3分）将一副三角板按如图所示的位置摆放在直尺上，则∠1的度数为（）A．60°B．65°C．75°D．85°5．（3分）不等式组中的两个不等式的解集在同一个数轴上表示正确的是（）A．B．C．D．6．（3分）若关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣4x+c＝0有实数根，则常数c的值不可能为（）A．﹣1B．0C．4D．57．（3分）通过如下尺规作图，能确定点D是BC边中点的是（）A．B．C．D．8．（3分）在平面直角坐标系中，矩形ABCD的顶点A（1，0），D（0，2），点B在第一象限，BD∥x轴，若函数y＝的图象经过矩形ABCD的对角线的交点，则k的值为（）A．4B．5C．8D．10二、填空题（共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）9．（3分）分解因式：a2b﹣b＝．10．（3分）命题“三角形的三个内角中至少有两个锐角”是（填“真命题”或“假命题”）．11．（3分）如图，将△ABC绕点C逆时针旋转得到△A′B′C，其中点A′与点A时对应点，B′与点B是对应点，点B′落在边AC上，连结A′B，若∠ACB＝45°，AC＝6，BC＝4，则A′B＝．12．（3分）如图，某办公大楼正前方有一根高度是15米的旗杆ED，从办公大楼顶端A测得旗杆顶端E的俯角α是45°，旗杆底端D到大楼前梯坎底边的距离DC是10米，梯坎坡长BC是10米，梯坎坡度i BC＝1：，则大楼AB的高为米．13．（3分）如图，在平面直角坐标系中，直线y＝kx+b和y＝mx+n相交于点（2，﹣1），则关于x、y的方程组的解为．14．（3分）如图是抛物线形拱桥，当拱顶离水面2m时，水面宽4m，则水面下降1m时，水面宽度增加m．三、解答题（共10小题，共78分）15．（6分）以下是小华化简分式的过程：解：原式＝……………………①＝……………………②＝…………………………………③（1）小华的解答过程在第步出现错误．（2）请你帮助小华写出正确的解答过程，并计算当x＝5时分式的值．16．（6分）如图是一副扑克牌的四张牌，将它们正面向下洗均匀，从中任意抽取两张牌，用画树状图（或列表）的方法，求抽出的两张牌中，牌面上的数字都是偶数的概率．17．（6分）某工厂用如图甲所示的长方形和正方形纸板，做成如图乙所示的竖式与横式两种长方体形状的无盖纸盒，现有正方形纸板300张，长方形纸板700张，若这些纸板恰好用完，则可做横式、竖式两种纸盒各多少个？18．（7分）如图，在每个小正方形的边长均为1的网格中，点A、B均在网格上．（1）线段AB的长为；（2）借助网格，用无刻度的直尺在AB上作出点P，使AP＝．（要求保留作图痕迹，不要求证明）19．（7分）如图，在△ABC中，∠ABC＝90°，sin A＝，AC＝10，以AB为直径作⊙O交AC于点D，作OE⊥AD交⊙O于点E，交AD于点F，连结BE交AD于点G．（1）求证：GC＝BC；（2）求CG的长．20．（7分）某工厂甲、乙两个部门各有员工400人，为了解这两个部门员工的生产技能情况，进行了抽样调查，过程如下，请补充完整．从甲、乙两个部门各随机抽取20名员工，进行了生产技能测试，测试成绩（百分制）如下甲78867481757687707590 75798170748086698377乙93738881728194837783 80817081737882807040按如下分数段整理、描述这两组样本数据40≤x≤4950≤x≤5960≤x≤6970≤x≤7980≤x≤8990≤x≤100成绩x人数部门甲0011171乙（说明：成绩80分及以上为生产技能优秀，70﹣79分为生产技能良好，60﹣﹣69分为生产技能合格，60分以下为生产技能不合格）两组样本数据的平均数、中位数、众数如表所示：部门平均数中位数众数甲78.377.575乙7880.581得出结论：a．估计乙部门生产技能优秀的员工人数为；b．可以推断出部门员工的生产技能水平较高，理由为（至少从两个不同的角度说明推断的合理性）21．（8分）实验室里，水平桌面上有甲、乙、丙三个高都是10cm的圆柱形容器（甲、丙的底面积相同），用两个相同的管子在容器的6cm高度处连通（即管子底离容器底6cm，管子的体积忽略不计），、现在三个容器中，只有甲中有水，水位高2cm，如图①所示，若每分钟同时向乙、丙中注入相同量的水，到三个容器都注满水停止，乙、丙容器中的水位h（cm）与注水时间t（min）的图象如图②所示．（1）乙、丙两个容器的底面积之比为；（2）图②中a的值为，b的值为；（3）注水多少分钟后，乙与甲的水位相差1cm？22．（9分）综合与实践：折纸中的数学问题情境：在矩形ABCD中，AD＝12，点M、N分别是AD、BC的中点，点E、F分别在AB、CD 上，且AE＝CF，将△AEM沿EM折叠，点A的对应点为点P，将△NCF沿NF折叠，点C的对应点为点Q，且点P、Q均落在矩形ABCD的内部．数学思考：（1）判断PM与NQ是否平行，并说明理由；（2）当AB长度是多少时，存在点E，使四边形PNQM是有一个内角为60°的菱形？直接写出AB的长度及菱形PNQM的面积．23．（10分）如图，在△ABC中，高AD＝3，∠B＝45°，tan C＝，动点F从点D出发，沿DA方向以每秒1个单位长度的速度向终点A运动，当点F与点A、D不重合时，过点F作AB、AC的平行线，与BC分别交于点E、G，将△EFG绕FG的中点旋转180°得△HGF，设点F的运动时间为t秒，△HGF与△ABC重叠部分面积为S．（1）当t＝秒时，点H落在AC边上；（2）求S与t的函数关系式；（3）当直线FG将△ABC分为面积比为1：3的两部分时，直接写出t的值．24．（12分）在平面直角坐标系中，记函数y＝的图象为G，正方形ABCD的对称中心与原点重合，顶点A的坐标为（2，2），点B在第四象限．（1）当n＝1时．①求G的最低点的纵坐标；②求图象G上所有到x轴的距离为2的横坐标之和．③若当a≤x≤b时，﹣9≤y≤2，则a、b的对应值为．（2）当图象G与正方形ABCD的边恰好有两个公共点时，直接写出n的取值范围．。

2020年吉林大学附中中考数学一模试卷一、选择题（本大题共8小题，共24.0分）1.−1.5的倒数是()A. −23B. −32C. 1.5D. −32.用科学记数方法表示0.000097，得()A. 9.7×10−4B. 9.7×10−5C. 9.7×10−6D. 9.7×10−73.下列图形是四棱柱的侧面展开图的是()A. B.C. D.4.将一副直角三角板按如图所示的位置摆放，使得它们的直角边互相垂直，则∠1的度数是()A. 95°B. 100°C. 105°D. 110°5.不等式组{x+2>17−4x≥−1的解集在数轴上表示正确的是()A. B.C. D.6.已知关于x的一元二次方程x2−4x+m=0有两个相等的实数根，则m值为()A. 16B. −4C. 2D. 47.如图，已知线段a、b(a>b)，画一条线段AD，使它等于2a−b，正确的画法是()．A. B.C. D.8.如图，在平面直角坐标系中，矩形ABCD的顶点A，C分别在x轴，(k>y轴的正半轴上，点D(−2,3)，AD=5，若反比例函数y=kx0,x>0)的图象经过点B，则k的值为()A. 163B. 8C. 10D. 323二、填空题（本大题共6小题，共18.0分）9.分解因式：2a2−18=______．10.命题“直角都相等”用“如果……那么……”表示为________.这是一个________命题(填“真”或“假”)．11.如图，在△ABC中，AB=4√3，AC=3√3，∠BAC=30°，将△ABC绕点A逆时针旋转60°得到△AB1C1，连接BC1，则BC1的长为______．12.如图，小明在距离地面30米的P处测得A处的俯角为15°，B处的俯角为60°.若斜面坡度为1：√3，则斜坡AB的长是______米．13. 两直线y =k 1x +b 1：和y =k 2x +b 2相交于点(−2,1)，则方程组{y =k 1x +b 1y =k 2x +b 2的解是______．14. 如图，某水渠的横截面呈抛物线形，当水面宽8m 时，水深4m ，当水面下降1m 时，水面宽为______m.三、计算题（本大题共1小题，共6.0分） 15. 化简：a−2a 2−1÷(a −1−2a−1a+1)四、解答题（本大题共9小题，共72.0分）16. 从一副扑克牌中取出的两组牌如图所示，第一组牌是红桃1，2，3，第二组牌是方块1，2，3.将它们分别重新洗匀后，背面朝上放置，再从每组牌中各随机抽取1张．用画树状图(或列表)求抽出的两张牌的牌面数字之和是4的概率．17. 某工厂用如图甲所示的长方形和正方形纸板做成如图乙所示的A ，B 两种长方体形状的无盖纸盒．现有正方形纸板150张，长方形纸板300张，刚好全部用完，问能做成多少个A 型盒子？多少个B 型盒子？方案一：设可以制成A种纸盒x个，B种纸盒y个，根据题意可列方程组：解得方程组为方案二：设制作A种纸盒用去x张正方形硬纸片，制作B种纸盒用去y张正方形硬纸片，那么可制成A种纸盒x个，B种纸盒个，根据题意可列方程组：解得方程组为18.如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠BAC=90°，(1)若AC=3，BC=5，在AB边上求作一点D，使得△ACD的周长为7.(要求：尺规作图，保留作图痕迹，不写作法)(2)在第(1)问的条件下，求CD的长．19.如图，AB为半圆O的直径，弦CD与AB的延长线相交于点E．(Ⅰ)求证：∠COE=2∠BDE；(Ⅱ)当OB=BE=2，且∠BDE=60°时，求tan E．20.某校八年级甲、乙两班各有学生50人，为了解这两个班学生身体素质情况，进行了抽样调查，过程如下，请补充完整：(1)收集数据：从甲、乙两个班各随机抽取10名学生进行身体素质测试，测试成绩(百分制)如下：甲班：65 75 75 80 60 50 75 90 85 65；乙班：90 55 80 70 55 70 95 80 65 70(2)整理描述数据：按如下表分数段整理、描述这两组样本数据，在表中m=______，n=______；成绩、人数、班级50≤x<6060≤x<7070≤x<8080≤x<9090≤x≤100甲班13321乙班21m2n班级平均数中位数众数甲班72x75乙班7270yx=______，y=______；②若规定测试成绩在80分(含80分)以上的学生身体素质为优秀，请估计乙班50名学生中身体素质为优秀的学生人数．21.如图1，甲、乙两个容器内都装了一定数量的水，现将甲容器中的水匀速倒入乙容器中.图2中，线段AB、线段CD分别表示容器中的水的深度ℎ(厘米)与倒入时间t(分钟)的函数图像．(1)请说出点C的纵坐标的实际意义；(2)经过多长时间，甲、乙两个容器中的水的深度相等？(3)如果甲容器的底面积为10cm2，求乙容器的底面积．22.如图，点E为矩形ABCD中AD边中点，将矩形ABCD沿CE折叠，使点D落在矩形内部的点F处，延长CF交AB于点G，连接AF．(1)求证：AF//CE；(2)探究线段AF，EF，EC之间的数量关系，并说明理由；(3)若BC=6，BG=8，求AF的长．23.如图所示△ABC中，∠C=90º，AC=8cm，BC=6cm.动点P在线段AC上以5cm/s的速度从点A运动到点C，动点Q与点P同时出发，在线段BC上以5cm/s的速度从点B运动到点C.过点P作PD⊥AB于点D，将△APD绕PD的中点旋转180º得到△A’PD，过点Q作QE⊥AB于点E，将△BQE绕QE的中点旋转180º得到△B’EQ.设运动时间为xs．(1)设△A’PD和△ABC重叠部分图形的周长为ycm，求y与x之间的函数关系式；(2)求点A’在△B’EQ内部时x的取值范围；(3)连接A’B’，当直线A’B’与△ABC的边垂直或平行时，直接写出线段A’B’的长．24.已知二次函数y1=x2−6x+9−t2和一次函数y2=−2x−2t+6．(1)当t=0时，试判断二次函数y1的图象与x轴是否有公共点，如果有，请写出公共点的坐标；(2)若二次函数y1的图象与x轴的两个不同公共点，且这两个公共点间的距离为8，求t的值；(3)求证：不论实数t取何值，总存在实数x，使y1≥ty2．-------- 答案与解析 --------1.答案：A解析：【分析】此题主要考查了倒数有关知识，根据倒数定义：乘积是1的两数互为倒数可得答案．【解答】)=1，解：∵−1.5×(−23∴−1.5的倒数是−2，3故选A．2.答案：B解析：【分析】本题考查的知识点是用科学记数法，表示较小的数，利用科学记数法表示较小的数的方法解答此题，【解答】解：0.000097=9.7×10−5，故选B．3.答案：A解析：【分析】考查了几何体的展开图，此题应根据四棱柱的侧面展开图，进行分析、解答.根据四棱柱的侧面展开图是四个长方形组成的图形进行解答即可．【解答】解：由分析知：四棱柱的侧面展开图是四个长方形组成的图形．故选A．4.答案：C解析：【分析】本题考查的是三角形的外角性质，掌握三角形的一个外角等于和它不相邻的两个内角的和是解题的关键．根据题意求出∠2、∠4，根据对顶角的性质、三角形的外角性质计算即可．【解答】解：由题意得，∠2=45°，∠4=90°−30°=60°，∴∠3=∠2=45°，由三角形的外角性质可知，∠1=∠3+∠4=105°，故选：C．5.答案：C解析：【分析】本题主要考查一月一次不等式组的解法及在数轴上表示不等式组的解集，不等式组的解集在数轴上表示的方法：把每个不等式的解集在数轴上表示出来(>,≥向右画；<，≤向左画)，在表示解集时“≥，≤”要用实心圆点表示；“<，>”要用空心圆点表示．先解不等式组中的每一个不等式，再把不等式的解集表示在数轴上即可．【解答】解：解不等式①得：x>−1；解不等式②得：x≤2，所以不等式组的解集为−1<x≤2，所以不等式组在数轴上的解集为：故选C6.答案：D解析：【分析】本题考查了一元二次方程根的情况与判别式Δ的关系：(1)Δ>0⇔方程有两个不相等的实数根；(2)Δ=0⇔方程有两个相等的实数根；(3)Δ<0⇔方程没有实数根．因为方程有两个相等的实数根，则Δ=0，解关于m的方程即可．【解答】解：∵关于x的一元二次方程x2−4x+m=0有两个相等的实数根，∴根的判别式Δ=42−4×1×m=0，即16−4m=0，解得m=4.故选D．7.答案：C解析：【分析】此题主要考查了线段作图，关键是掌握做一条线段等于已知线段的做法.属于基础题．先画一条直线，再在直线上截取AB=BC=a，然后以C为端点，在AC上截取DC=b即可．【解答】解：如图所示：故选C．8.答案：D解析：解：过D作DE⊥x轴于E，过B作BF⊥x轴，BH⊥y轴，∴∠BHC=90°，∵点D(−2,3)，AD=5，∴DE=3，∴AE=√AD2−DE2=4，∵四边形ABCD是矩形，∴AD=BC，∴∠BCD=∠ADC=90°，∴∠DCP+∠BCH=∠BCH+∠CBH=90°，∴∠CBH=∠DCH，∵∠DCG+∠CPD=∠APO+∠DAE=90°，∠CPD=∠APO，∴∠DCP=∠DAE，∴∠CBH=∠DAE，∵∠AED=∠BHC=90°，∴△ADE≌△BCH(AAS)，∴BH=AE=4，∵OE=2，∴OA=2，∴AF=2，∵∠APO+∠PAO=∠BAF+∠PAO=90°，∴∠APO=∠BAF，∴△APO∽△BAF，∴OPAF =OABF，∴12×32=2BF，∴BF=83，∴B(4,83)，∴k=323，故选：D．过D作DE⊥x轴于E，过B作BF⊥x轴，BH⊥y轴，得到∠BHC=90°，根据勾股定理得到AE=√AD2−DE2=4，根据矩形的性质得到AD=BC，根据全等三角形的性质得到BH=AE=4，求得AF=2，根据相似三角形的性质即可得到结论．本题考查了反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征，全等三角形的判定和性质，相似三角形的判定和性质，正确的作出辅助线是解题的关键．9.答案：2(a+3)(a−3)解析：解：2a2−18=2(a2−9)=2(a+3)(a−3)．故答案为：2(a+3)(a−3)．首先提取公因式2，再利用平方差公式分解因式得出答案．此题主要考查了提取公因式法以及公式法分解因式，正确运用公式是解题关键．10.答案：如果几个角是直角，那么它们都相等；真解析：【分析】本题考查了命题与定理：判断事物的语句叫命题；正确的命题称为真命题，错误的命题称为假命题；经过推理论证的真命题称为定理．根据命题由题设和结论两部分组成，则把条件写在如果的后面，把结论写在那么的后面即可．【解答】解：命题“直角都相等”用“如果……那么……”表示为：如果几个角是直角，那么它们都相等；这是一个真命题．故答案为如果几个角是直角，那么它们都相等；真．11.答案：5√3解析：【分析】本题考查了旋转的性质，勾股定理，熟练运用旋转的性质解决问题是本题的关键．由旋转的性质可得AC=AC1=3√3，∠CAC1=60°，可得∠BAC1=90°，根据勾股定理可求BC1的长．【解答】解：∵将△ABC绕点A逆时针旋转60°得到△AB1C1，∴AC=AC1=3√3，∠CAC1=60°，∵∠BAC=30°，∴∠BAC1=90°，∴BC1=√AB2+AC12=√75=5√3故答案为：5√312.答案：20√3解析：解：如图所示：过点A作AF⊥BC于点F，∵斜面坡度为1：√3，∴tan∠ABF=AFBF =√3=√33，∴∠ABF=30°，∵在P处进行观测，测得山坡上A处的俯角为15°，山脚B处的俯角为60°，∴∠HPB=30°，∠APB=45°，∴∠HBP=60°，∴∠PBA=90°，∠BAP=45°，∴PB=AB，∵PH=30m，sin60°=PHPB =30PB=√32，解得：PB =20√3， 故AB =20√3(m)，答：斜坡AB 的长是20√3m ，故答案为：20√3．如图所示：过点A 作AF ⊥BC 于点F ，根据三角函数的定义得到∠ABF =30°，根据已知条件得到∠HPB =30°，∠APB =45°，求得∠HBP =60°，解直角三角形即可得到结论．此题主要考查了解直角三角形的应用−仰角俯角问题，解直角三角形的应用−坡度坡角问题，正确得出PB =AB 是解题关键．13.答案：{x =−2y =1解析：【分析】本题主要考查了一次函数与二元一次方程组，方程组的解就是使方程组中两个方程同时成立的一对未知数的值，而这一对未知数的值也同时满足两个相应的一次函数式，因此方程组的解就是两个相应的一次函数图象的交点坐标．两个一次函数组成的二元一次方程组的解就是两函数图象的交点坐标．【解答】解：∵直线y =k 1x +b 1和y =k 2x +b 2相交于点(−2,1)，∴方程组{y =k 1x +b 1y =k 2x +b 2的解是{x =−2y =1． 故答案为{x =−2y =1．14.答案：4√3解析：解：如图所示：建立平面直角坐标系，设抛物线解析式为：y =ax 2，A(4,4)，故4=16a ，解得：a =14，则y =14x 2，当水面下降1m 时，y =3，则3=14x 2，解得：x =±2√3，故当水面下降1m 时，水面宽为4√3m.故答案为：4√3．直接建立平面直角坐标系求出函数解析式，进而得出答案．此题主要考查了二次函数的应用，正确求出函数函数解析式是解题关键．15.答案：解：原式=a−2(a+1)(a−1)÷(a 2−1a+1−2a−1a+1) =a −2(a +1)(a −1)÷a(a −2)a +1 =a −2(a +1)(a −1)⋅a +1a(a −2) =1a(a−1)．解析：本题主要考查分式的混合运算，解题的关键是熟练掌握分式的混合运算顺序和运算法则． 根据分式的混合运算顺序和运算法则计算可得．16.答案：解：列表如下：4的有3种， 故P(摸出的两张牌的牌面数字之和是4)=39=13．解析：先用列表法或画树状图法分析所有等可能的出现结果，然后根据概率公式求出该事件的概率即可．此题考查的是用列表法或树状图法求概率．列表法可以不重复不遗漏的列出所有可能的结果，适合于两步完成的事件；树状图法适合两步或两步以上完成的事件；解题时要注意此题是放回实验还是不放回实验．用到的知识点为：概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比．17.答案：方案一：{x +2y =1504x +3y =300；{x =30y =60；方案二：y 2；{x +y =1504x +32y =300；{x =30y =120.解析：【分析】本题考查了二元一次方程组的应用，解答本题时注意无盖盒子中的长方形及正方形的个数之间的关系是解答的关键，(1)根据无盖纸盒的长方形纸板和正方形纸板的关系可以得到答案；(2)根据纸盒个数与所用正方形纸板个数之间的关系，可列方程组求解．【解答】解：方案一：设可以制成A 种纸盒x 个，B 种纸盒y 个，根据题意可列方程组：{x +2y =1504x +3y =300， 解得方程组为{x =30y =60 ；故答案为{x +2y =1504x +3y =300；{x =30y =60； 方案二：设制作A 种纸盒用去x 张正方形纸板，制作B 种纸盒用去y 张正方形纸板，那么可制成A 种纸盒x 个，B 种纸盒y 2个，根据题意可列方程组：{x +y =1504x +32y =300，解得方程组为 {x =30y =120， 故答案为y2；{x +y =1504x +32y =300；{x =30y =120．18.答案：解：设CD 长为x ，则AD =7−3−x =4−x ，由勾股定理可得x 2=32+(4−x)2，解得CD =3.125，则AD =0.875，作图如下：解析：可设CD 长为x ，则AD =7−3−x =4−x ，根据勾股定理可得x 2=32+(4−x)2，解方程求得CD 长，进一步求得AD 的长，依此作出图形即可求解．本题考查作图−复杂作图，勾股定理，解方程等知识，解题的关键是熟练掌握基本知识，属于中考常考题型．19.答案：(Ⅰ)证明：连接AC ．∵OA =OC ，∴∠OAC =∠OCA ，∵∠EOC =∠A +∠OCA ，∴∠EOC =2∠A ，∵∠A +∠CDB =180°，∠CDB +∠EDB =180°，∴∠A =∠EDB ，∴∠COE =2∠BDE ．(Ⅱ)作CF ⊥OA 于F ，OH ⊥CD 于H ．∵∠EDB =60°，∴∠EOC =120°，∠COF =60°，在Rt △COF 中，∵CO =2，∠COF =60°，∴OF =1，CF =√3，EC =√(√3)2+52=2√7，∵∠E =∠E ，∠OHE =∠CFE =90°，∴△EOH∽△ECF ，∴OH CF =EH EF =EO EC ， ∴√3=EH5=2√7，∴OH =2√217，EH =10√77， ∴tanE =OH EH =√35．解析：(Ⅰ)想办法证明∠EOC =2∠A ，∠EDB =∠A 即可解决问题；(Ⅱ)作CF ⊥OA 于F ，OH ⊥CD 于H.构造相似三角形解决问题即可；本题考查圆周角定理、相似三角形的性质、解直角三角形等知识，解题的关键是学会添加常用辅助线，构造相似三角形解决问题，属于中考常考题型．20.答案：(2)3， 2 ；(3)①75； 70 ；②估计乙班50名学生中身体素质为优秀的学生有50×410=20人；故答案为：20.．解析：解：(2)由收集的数据得知m =3、n =2，故答案为：3、2；(3)①甲班成绩为：50、60、65、65、75、75、75、80、85、90，∴甲班成绩的中位数x =75+752=75，乙班成绩70分出现次数最多，所以众数y =70，故答案为：75、70；②见答案【分析】(2)由收集的数据即可得；(3)①根据众数和中位数的定义求解可得；②用总人数乘以乙班样本中优秀人数所占比例可得；本题考查了众数、中位数的应用，掌握众数、中位数以及用样本估计总体是解题的关键． 21.答案：解：(1)点C 的纵坐标的实际意义是乙容器中原有的水的深度是5cm ；(2)设直线AB 的解析式为：ℎ=kt +b ，由图中信息可得： {4t +b =0b =20， 解得{k =−5b =20, ∴直线AB 的函数关系式为：ℎ=−5t +20；同理可求得直线CD 的函数关系式为：ℎ=2.5t +5；由： {ℎ=−5t +20ℎ=2.5t +5, 解得： {t =2ℎ=10， ∴2分钟后，两容器内水的深度相等；(3)∵容器甲的底面积为10cm 2，容积甲中原有水的深度为20cm ，∴容器甲中原有的水的体积为10×20=200cm 3，又∵在将甲容器中的水倒入乙容器中后，容器乙中水的深度的增加值为15−5=10cm ， ∴容器乙的底面积为200÷10=20 cm 2．解析：本题主要考查了一次函数的应用，正确得出两函数的交点坐标是解题关键．(1)由题意可知，点C 的纵坐标表示乙容器中原有水的深度；(2)先分别求出直线AB和直线CD的解析式，解由两个解析式组成的方程组，即可得到两容器中水的深度相等的时间；(3)先由图中信息计算出甲容器内原有水的体积，而根据图中信息可知，将甲容器内的水全部倒入乙容器后，其深度增加了10cm，由此即可计算出乙容器的底面积．22.答案：(1)证明：连接FD交EC于P，由折叠矩形ABCD可得，EF=ED，CF=CD，∠DEC=∠FEC，∠EFG=∠EFC=∠EDC=90°，∵点E为AD的中点，∴AE=ED=EF，∴∠EAF=∠EFA，∵∠DEF=∠EAF+∠EFA=∠DEC+∠FEC，∴∠EAF=∠DEC，∴AF//EC；(2)∵EF=ED，CF=CD，∴E，C两点都在线段DF的中垂线上，即EC⊥DF，∴∠DPE=90°，∵AF//EC，∴∠AFD=∠DPE=∠EDC=90°，∵∠EAF=∠DEC，∠AFD=∠EDC，∴△AFD∽△EDC，∴AFDE =ADEC，即AF⋅EC=DE⋅AD，∴AF⋅EC=2EF2；(3)∵∠GAF+∠EAF=∠GFA+∠EFA=90°，∠EAF=∠EFA，∴∠GAF=∠GFA，∴AG=FG，在Rt△BGC中，BC=6，BG=8，CG=√BG2+BC2=10，∵AB=CD=CF，∴8+AG=10−FG，∴AG=FG=1，∴CF=CD=9，∵AD=BC=6，∴EF =12AD =3，∴在Rt △DEC 中，EC =√DE 2+CD 2=3√10，∵AF ⋅EC =2EF 2， ∴3√10×AF =2×32，解得，AF =3√105．解析：(1)连接FD 交EC 于P ，根据折叠的性质得到EF =ED ，CF =CD ，∠DEC =∠FEC ，∠EFG =∠EFC =∠EDC =90°，根据直角三角形的性质得到AE =ED =EF ，求出∠EAF =∠DEC ，根据平行线的判定定理证明；(2)证明△AFD∽△EDC ，根据相似三角形的性质定理计算即可；(3)根据勾股定理求出CG ，根据矩形的性质求出AB ，根据(2)的结论计算即可．本题考查的是矩形的性质、相似三角形的判定和性质、勾股定理的应用、翻转变换的性质，掌握相似三角形的判定定理和性质定理、矩形的性质是解题的关键．23.答案：解：(1)如图1，∵∠C =90°，AC =8厘米，BC =6厘米，∴AB =10，∴cosA =45，sinA =35，tanA =34， 设AP =5x ，∴PA′=AD =APcos∠A =45×5x =4x ，CP =8−5x ， ∴cos∠CPA′=cos∠A =CP PA′=8−5x 4x =45， ∴x =4041，①当0<x ≤4041，如图2，∴PA′=AD =APcosA =3x ，∴A′D =AP =5x ，∴y =4x +3x +5x =12x ，②当4041<x ≤85时，如图3∴PE =PC cosA =8−5x8，DF =DB ×cosA =8−165x ， ∴y =3x +8−5x8+8−165x +12320x −6=12−310x ， 即：当0<x ≤4041时，y =12x ，当4041<x ≤85时，y =−310x +12；(2)①同(1)一样有，sinB =45，cosB =35，tanB =43，Ⅰ、A′刚好到达B′E 边时，如图4，DA′=PA =5x ，DE =54×5x =25x 4， ∴4x 254x +3x =10，∴x =4053，Ⅱ、A′到EQ 边与边BC 交于N ，如图5，4x +4x +3x =10，∴x =1011 ∴4053<x <1011， (3)57；2523；5053；10．解析：【分析】此题考查了几何变换综合题，锐角三角函数的意义，勾股定理，分类讨论；解本题的关键是要分类要分准，难点是分类．(1)利用锐角三角函数的意义直接求出，点A′落在边BC 上时x 的值，然后分两种情况用锐角三角函数的意义求解：①当0<x ≤4041时，y =12x ，当4041<x ≤85时，y =12−310x ；(2)找出分界点Ⅰ、A′刚好到达B′E 边时，Ⅱ、A′到EQ 边与N 重合，利用同一条线段两种算法求出x 值即可；(3)利用锐角三角函数值用两种算法列出方程求解即可．【解答】解：(1)见答案；(2)见答案；(3)Ⅰ、当A′B′⊥AB 时，如图6，∴DH=PA′=AD=4x，HE=B′Q=EB=3x，∵AB=2AD+2EB=2×4x+2×3x=10，∴x=57，∴A′B′=QE−PD=4x−3x=x=57；Ⅱ、当A′B′⊥BC时，如图7，∴B′E=5x，DE=10−7x，∴cosB=5x10−7x =35，∴x=1523，∴A′B′=B′D−A′D=2523，Ⅲ、当A′B′⊥AC时，如图8，由(1)有，x=4053，∴A′B′=PA′sinA=5053，Ⅳ、当Q ，P 都到达C 后，A′B′//AB 且AB =A′B′=10.如图9，．故答案为57；2523；5053；10．24.答案：解：(1)当t =0时，y 1=x 2−6x +9，∵△=0，所以二次函数y 1=x 2−6x +9的图象与x 轴有唯一公共点．令y 1=0，有x 2−6x +9=0，解得x 1=x 2=3，所以这个公共点的坐标为(3,0)．(2)抛物线y 1=x 2−6x +9−t 2=(x −3)2−t 2的对称轴为x =3，其图象与x 轴的交点分别为A 、B ，又AB =8，由对称性可知A 、B 的坐标分别为(−1,0)、(7,0)， 把x =−1，y =0代入y 1=x 2−6x +9−t 2中，可得，t 2=16，所以t =±4(3)y 1−ty 2=(x 2−6x +9−t 2)−t(−2x −2t +6)=x 2+(2t −6)x +t 2−6t +9=x 2+(2t −6)x +(t −3)2=(x +t −3)2≥0，所以y 1−ty 2≥0，所以不论实数t 取何值，总存在实数x ，使y 1≥ty 2．解析：(1)求出△的值，当△>0，抛物线与x 轴有两个交点，当△=0时，抛物线与x 轴有唯一的公共点，当△<0时，抛物线与x 轴没有公共点．(2)由对称轴为x =3，又AB =8，根据对称性可知A 、B 的坐标分别为(−1,0)、(7,0)，利用待定系数法即可解决问题．(3)由y 1−ty 2=(x 2−6x +9−t 2)−t(−2x −2t +6)，可知化简后是非负数，即可证明．本题考查二次函数综合题、一元二次方程、完全平方公式等知识，解题的关键是灵活应用所学知识解决问题，题目难度不大，属于中考常考题型．。

2020届吉林大学附属中学初中部高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either / or one, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also insists that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central elements of America’s educational system at all levels. Both areas are the key to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem; “major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to take advantage of every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and seize the opportunities, will be helpful to them and the nation.1. What does the latest congressional report suggest?A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.D. Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.2. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A. Their interest in relevant subjects.B. The academic value of the courses.C. The quality of education to receive.D. Their chances of getting a good job.3. What does the author say about the so called “soft” subjects?A. They benefit students in their future life.B. They broaden students’ range of interests.C. They just improve students’ communication skills.D. They are essential to students’ healthy growth.BYou've probably heard it suggested that you need to move more throughout the day, and as a general rule of thumb, that "more" is often defined as around 10,000 steps. With many Americans tracking their stepsvia new fitness-tracking wearables, or even just by carrying their phone, more and more people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living. Dr. Dreg Hager, professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at that 10,000-step rule, and he found that usingitas a standard may be doing more harm than good for many.“It turns out that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average Japanese man, when he walked 10,000 steps a day burned something like 3,000 calories and that is what they thought the average person should consume so they picked 10,000 steps as a number” Hager said.According to Hager, asking everyone to shoot for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions, making it unwise for them to jump into that level of exercise, even if it's walking. The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others. He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10,000-step goal because they have to take more steps than people with longer legs to cover the distance. It seems that 10,000 steps may be suitable for the latter.A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can help maintain good health and promote longevity (长寿).The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72. Researchers found that women who took 4,400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years: Interestingly, women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra boost in longevity.4. What does the underlined word "it' in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The phone recording.B. The 10,000-step rule.C. The healthy living.D. The fitness-tracking method.5. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How many steps a Japanese walks.B. How we calculate the number of steps.C. If burning 3,000 calories daily is scientific.D. Where 10,000 steps a day came from.6. Who will probably benefit from 10,000 steps each day according toHager?A. Senior citizens.B. Young short-legged people.C. Healthy long-legged peopleD. Weak individuals.7. How many steps may the researchers suggest senior citizens take each day?A. 4,400 steps.B. 10,000 steps.C. 2,700 steps.D. 7,500 steps.CWhen Chip heard the mail truck arriving on his sixth birthday, herushed out—not knowing that he’d come back with a treasure.Outside the house, which was decorated with birthday balloons, postwoman Shelley held a pile of boxes. One was marked with Chip’s name and a greeting for his Special day, November 5.“So,” when he came running out the door, she said, “You must be Chip!” And he said,“Yes.” She said, “Today’s your birthday?” And he started smiling. Shelley said, “So, let me see if I can find you something for your birthday.”She checked her pocket and surprised him with a gift: a dollar bill and four quarters.On this day, the 42-year-old postwoman made one little boy very happy. “He was very excited,” said his mom, Bonnie. “He came running back in the house just waving his money.” Chip is saving up to buy a Spider-man action figure.“Our family has had money problems since I lost my job. Gestures like that are valuable memories.” Her hope is that Chip and his eight-year-old sister, Bennett, will remember this when they grow up. “Not the ugly that is out there right now, but the good and the kind and the giving.”A photo of a smiling Chip and Shelley next to the mail truck has been shared widely on social media. Shelley said she was just trying to give back, because people are often nice to her eight-year-old son, Joshua.On a recent day, Chip heard the mail truck and rushed out again, this time to deliver an envelope with athank-you card for his favorite mail carrier. Since that day, the families have kept in contact. Shelley has struggled to find someone who can take care of her son, and Bonnie has agreed to watch him at her home while his mom is on her mail route.8. Why did Chip rush out when he heard the mail truck the first time?A. To thank the postwoman.B. To get a gift box mailed to him.C. To receive birthday wishes from the driver.D. To watch the mail truck.9. What did Shelley do to make Chip happy?A. She gave him some pocket money.B. She sent him some birthday balloons.C. She presented him with a greeting card.D. She bought him a Spider-man action figure.10. What is Chip’s mother’s attitude towards Shelley?A. Grateful.B. Curious.C. Doubtful.D. Indifferent.11. What does Chip’s mother do to help Shelley?A. She offers to deliver the mails for her.B. She often helps drive her mail truck.C. She looks after her son when she is at work.D. She posts pictures of her mail truck on social media.DThe year 2020 will mark the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”, as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75. The traditional retirement age is 65. One might therefore expect peak retirement. By continuing to work, and staying socially engaged, the yold will change the world, as they have done several times before at different stages of their lives.The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors. The yold are busier, too. In short, the yold are not just any group of old people. They are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired as people who wear slippers and look after the grandchildren. That will influence consumer, service and financial markets.The over-60s are one of the fastest-growing groups of customers of the airline business. The yold are vital to the tourism industry because they spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults.But for all this to happen,three big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people, and in particular the expectation that the old ought to be putting their feet up and quietly retiring into the background. Then, government policies will have to change, too. The retirement age in many rich countries is still below the age to which many people want to work. The effective retirement age (the age at which people actually leave the workforce) is usually even lower. Third, higher numbers of healthy yold people will require drastic changes in health spending. Most diseases of ageing are bestmetwith prevention and lifestyle changes. But only about 2%~3% of most countries’ health-care spending goes on prevention. That will have to rise, because although the yold will constitute a bulge of comparative health and activity over the next decade, by 2030 they will hit 75 and enter a long period of decline for which few rich countries are ready.12. What kind of people are the yold exactly?A. They are workaholics.B. They are full of energy.C. They enjoy being focused on.D. They like staying socially engaged.13. Why do the yold contribute to tourist industry?A. They like traveling more.B. They have more money.C. They consume more on travel.D. They have much free time.14. What’s the author’s attitude toward health-care spending on prevention?A. Unsatisfied.B. Subjective.C. Neutral.D. Active.15. What does the underlined word “met” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. dealt withB. come acrossC. satisfiedD. experienced.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年吉林大学附属中学初中部高三生物一模试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 某种鱼的鳞片有4种表现型：单列鳞、野生型鳞、无鳞和散鳞，由位于两对同源染色体上的两对等位基因决定(用A、a，B、b表示)，且BB对生物个体有致死作用，将无鳞鱼和纯合野生型鳞的鱼杂交，F1有两种表现型，野生型鳞鱼占50%，单列鳞鱼占50%；选取F1中的单列鳞鱼进行互交，其后代中有上述4种表现型，这4种表现型的比例为6:3:2:1，则F1的亲本基因型组合是( )A.Aabb×AAbbB.aaBb×AAbbC.aaBb×aabbD.AaBb×AAbb2. RNase P是一种核酸内切酶，由RNA和蛋白质组成。

无活性的RNase P通过与前体tRNA特异性结合被激活，激活的RNase P剪切前体tRNA，所得的成熟tRNA进入细胞质基质中发挥作用。

以下关于RNase P 分析不正确的是（）A.通过破坏磷酸二酯键剪切前体tRNAB.RNase P能够催化tRNA基因的转录C.RNase P可能存在于细胞核或某些细胞器中D.pH、温度都会影响RNase P的活性3. 下列有关生态系统的叙述，正确的是（）A.生态系统不断需要来自系统外的能量补充，以便维持生态系统的正常功能B.流经人工鱼塘生态系统的总能量是生产者固定的太阳能总量C.生态系统的结构由生产者、消费者、分解者、非生物物质和能量构成D.营养级越高的生物体型越大，数量越少4. 下列关于生物体内物质的说法，正确的是A. 糖类都是生物内的能源物质B.DNA和RNA都能携带遗传信息C. 脂质中的磷脂和胆固醇参与所有细胞膜的构成D. 细胞中所有的无机盐都以离子形式存在，对维持细胞和生物体的生命活动有重要作用5. 如图为水平衡调节机理,请据图判断A、B、C依次是()A. 抗利尿激素、渴觉中枢、肾小管B. 渴觉中枢、抗利尿激素、肾小管C. 抗利尿激素、肾小管、渴觉中枢D. 渴觉中枢、肾小管、抗利尿激素6. 某人足部突然扎到钉子而迅速抬腿的相关反射弧如图所示。

2020届吉林大学附属中学高中部高三生物一模试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 细胞中含量最多的有机化合物是（）A. 水B. 核酸C. 蛋白质D. 脂质2. 下图表示某生物细胞内发生的一系列生理变化，X、Y分别表示两种功能不同的酶。

请据图分析，下列有关叙述错误的是（）A.X为DNA聚合酶，Y为RNA聚合酶B.图I中包括5种碱基、8种核昔酸C.图Ⅱ中有三种RNA参与该过程D.图Ⅱ中核糖体的移动方向为由左向右3. 除病毒外，生命系统最基本的结构层次是（）A.细胞B.个体C.种群D.群落4. 在封闭的温室内栽种农作物，下列措施不能提高作物产量的是A. 施用农家肥B. 适当增大昼夜温差C. 采用绿色薄膜D. 延长光照时间5. 已知与人体血红蛋白合成有关的一对等位基因是HbA和HbS。

只有纯合子（HbSHbS）患镰刀型贫血症，患者大多于幼年期死亡。

只含一个致病基因的个体不表现镰刀型细胞贫血症，并对疟疾具有较强的抵抗力。

以下说法正确的是（）A. 该致病基因的出现是基因突变的结果，可以用显微镜检测镰刀型细胞贫血症B. 杂合子不易感染疟疾，显性纯合子易感染疟疾C. 基因Hb A和Hb S不可能存在于一个染色体组中D. 非洲某流行疟疾的地区消灭疟疾后，Hb S基因频率会上升6. 天官二号与神舟十一号飞船成功对接，字航员在轨完成“太空养蚕”。

下图表示太空蚕——“秋丰白玉”体内发生的两个化学反应，请判断下列相关说法中正确的是（）A.A TP分子中的A是由脱氧核糖和腺嘌呤组成B.ATP中的能量可以来源于光能和化学能，也可以转化为光能和化学能C.细胞中的吸能反应一般与ATP的合成反应相联系D.乳酸菌细胞中不会发生图中ATP与ADP间相互转化的能量供应机制7. 近年来烟草叶绿体基因工程在提高光合效率、抗性和品质等方面取得了研究进展。

下图是将拟南芥果糖1，6-二磷酸醛缩酶基因（简称“醛缩酶基因”）转入烟草叶绿体基因组的部分流程示意图，请据图回答下列问题：（1）图1中，利用PCR技术扩增拟南芥整缩酶基因时，应选用的引物是____________。

2020年吉林大学附属中学高中部高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AReturns & Refund Guarantee（保证；保证书）The “Returns & Refund Guarantee” is a promise provided by sellers for every item they sell on DHgate. com. When you receive an item that was bought and paid for on our site, and you find it is not as described or isof low quality, you can contact the seller to resolve these problems. DHgate will offer additional assistance if the seller is not cooperative.Scope（范围）The following points should not be included in the “Returns & Refund Guarantee”：▲The seller didn't make any promise.▲The seller can provide evidence to prove the items are as described.▲You didn't contact the seller within the promised time.▲You have released the payment to the seller before asking DHgate for help.Sellers are able to set up the following promises：Returning items for any reasonBuyers can return items for a refund within a specific date which has been set up by sellers, such as 3 days, and 7 days from the day when the items are received. The items' receiving date is the date that is indicated on the shipping carrier's official website. Buyers should prepay any return shipping cost, which will be given back to the buyers after the seller receives the items as long as the items are returned in the same exact condition as when they were delivered.Returns or Refunds accepted if the product has quality issuesBuyers can return the items for a refund when they are not as described or possess quality issues by communicating directly with the seller. The seller is responsible for the return shipping cost.Buyers can get a refund and keep the items when the items are not as described or possess quality issues by negotiating directly with sellers.1.Who can get additional assistance from DHgate in the guarantee?A.The buyers in physical stores.B.The buyers on DHgate. com.C.The sellers on DHgate. com.D.Both the buyers and the sellers.2.Which situation is within the scope of the guarantee?A.The seller didn't make any promise.B.The buyer has paid the seller in advance.C.The buyer asked for help within the promised time.D.The seller proves that there is nothing wrong with the item.3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Not all the sellers make promises.B.DHgate sometimes will pay the buyers.C.Sellers should prepay return shipping cost.D.The buyer can't keep the items after getting a refund.BCalifornia's August Complex Fire tore through more than 1,600 square miles of forest last summer,burning nearly every tree in its path. It was the largest wildfire in the state's recorded history, breaking the record previously set in 2018. After the fire, land managers must determine where to most efficiently plant new trees.A predictive mapping model called the Postfire Spatial Conifer Restoration Planning Tool recently described in Ecological Applications could inform these decisions, saving time and expense. The tool can “show where young trees are needed most, where the forest isn't going to come back on its own, where we need to intervene（干预）if we want to maintain forests," says lead author Joseph Stewart, an ecologist at the University of California, Davis.To develop the model, Stewart and his colleagues classified data collected from more than 1,200 study plots in 19 areas that burned between 2004 and 2012. They combined these data with information on rainfall, geography, climate, forest composition and bum severity.Theyalso included how many seeds sample conifer trees （针叶树）produced in 216locations over 18 years, assessing whether the trees release different numbers of seeds after a fire.The tool's potential benefits are significant, says Kimberley Davis, a conservation scientist at theUniversityofMontana, who was not involved in the study. Those managers will still have to make hard decisions, such as which species to plant in areas that may experience warmer and drier conditions resulting from climate change, but the model provides some research-based guidance to help the forests recover.4. What challenge do land managers face after the wildfire?A. Lack of wood supplies.B. Where to plant new trees best.C. How to save the burned trees.D. Loss of trees and wild animals.5. What's the main idea of paragraph 2?A. The function of the tool.B. The disadvantages of the tool.C. The improvement of the tool.D. The development of the tool.6. What does the underlined word "They" refer to?A. The study plots.B. The data.C. Stewart and his colleagues.D. The seeds.7. What isDavis' attitude towards the tool?A. Skeptical.B. Ambiguous.C. Tolerant.D. Optimistic.CI had just delivered a memorable speech, and I was about to learn how the judges decided my performance. The audience leaned forward and a period of silence fell across the room. I felt the drum rolled in my heart.The third-place winner was announced. The name was not mine. Then the second-place winner, still not me. At last, the moment of truth came. I was about to either enjoy the warmth of victory or regret the months’ preparation. My heart felt closer to the latter.Losing is a part of life, and I have dealt with it on more than one occasion. However, it was an indescribable feeling to drive a 200-mile round trip, get up very early on a freezing Saturday morning, and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors in my group. After Lincoln lost the 1858 Illinois Senate race, he said, “I felt like the 12-year-old boy who kicked his toe. I was too big to cry and it hurt too bad to laugh.” Oh yeah, I could relate.I had spent many hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the Lincoln Bicentennial Speech Contest. After not placing in the first year of the contest, I really wanted to compete again. Lincoln had many failures, but he never allowed them to defeat his spirit or ambition, so I was not going to give up on a second contest! I reworked my speech for the following year, but again I did not place.I couldn’t accept the fact that I failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on, until I thought about my hero. Never mind the lost prize money and praise—through learning stories about Lincoln, I discovered that I can fail successfully.8. How did the author feel after finishing his speech?A. Delighted.B. Annoyed.C. Thrilled.D. Nervous.9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. He was regretful about his not being fully prepared.B. He felt upset for getting up early on a chilly morning.C. He once kicked and hurt his toe when he was 12 years old.D. He turned out to be the last one of his group in the contest.10. Why did the author decide to enter the second contest?A. He was eager to prove himself to be the best contestant.B. He was inspired by the never-give-up spirit of Lincoln.C. He was willing to enjoy the warmth and joy of victory.D. He was determined to win the prize money and praise.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A memorable hero in my lifeB. Never mind others’ judgmentsC. Losing is an indescribable feelingD. Stand up from where we tripped overDI was checking out at the supermarket counter on Wednesday night, ready to pay for my bananas, when all ofa sudden, fear came upon me. My wallet was gone. And I could only have left it one place: the G9 bus, from which I had gotten off minutes earlier and which was now speeding to some stops. The moment of realizing it was gone was followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the credit cards, the driver's license, the expensive lipstick ($ 55!).Two hours after I was back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband answered while I sat in the dining room on the phone with a credit card company. "Does Jennifer live here?" I heard someone say. In her hand was my wallet, without a penny missing. She left before I could offer my gratitude to her.After I posted the story, I heard from her boyfriend, who identified the good citizen as Erin Ball, a 26-year-old girl working for a trade organization.Once I figured out her, I called to thank her. She said she spotted my wallet and thought that it's more dangerous to go to a stranger's house than leaving the wallet with the driver, but she still decided to take the chance. "If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me," she said. Ball doesn't find her actions particularly excellent. She added, "It's not hard to do small things for people."After Ball found my wallet, she decided to post a picture of my driver's license online before going to my house, trying to see if anyone knew me. No sooner had she left my doorstep than I got emails from two neighbors who recognized my face, both offering to help me find my missing property.Ball found my house on a bitterly cold night for which I was extremely grateful. Looking back, I'm not surprised someone had wanted to help a stranger. A warm current of honesty and harmony is running through this town.12. What do we know about the author according to paragraph 1?A. She missed the G9 bus.B. She paid for her bananas.C. She replaced the credit cards.D. She found she had left her wallet on the bus.13. Who helped the author find Ball?A. The G9 driver.B. The girl's boyfriend.C. The author's neighbors.D. The author's husband.14. What did Ball do first after finding the wallet?A. Ball called the author.B. Ball went to the author's house.C. Ball gave the wallet to the bus driver.D. Ball posted a photo of the author's driving license.15. Which of the following best describes Erin Ball?A. Humorous and kind.B. Generous and demanding.C. Honest and warm-hearted.D. Caring and outgoing.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届吉林大学附属中学初中部高三生物一模试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.仔细分析下列四图，有关说法正确的是()A. 图1中的两种细胞器，在光照充足时，乙同化作用所需的原料都来自细胞外B. 植物光合和呼吸的最适温度分别为25℃和30℃，在其他条件充足且适宜的情况下，将温度由30℃调至25℃，图2中A点上移，C点将左移，E点将向左下移动C. 在其他条件适宜、底物充足的情况下，酶的浓度与酶作用底物的消耗速率之间的关系符合图3中曲线③D. 图4表示细胞内糖分解代谢过程，乳酸菌细胞内，过程①产生[H]和ATP、过程③消耗[H]2.B淋巴细胞发育成熟和增殖分化的过程如图所示。

下列叙述错误的是（）A.甲发育为乙的主要场所是骨髓B.乙表面形成了特异性抗原受体C.三种细胞内基因、mRNA都不相同D.丙不再具有分裂和分化能力3.提取光合色素，进行纸层析分离，对该实验中各种现象的解释，正确的是A. 未见色素带，说明材料可能为黄化叶片B. 色素始终在滤纸上，是因为色素不溶于层析液C. 提取液呈绿色是由于含有叶绿素a和叶绿素bD. 胡萝卜素处于滤纸最前方，是因为其在提取液中的溶解度最高4.抗利尿激素在人体水盐平衡调节过程中起着重要作用．当体内失水过多时，抗利尿激素分泌增加，进而促进肾小管和集合管重吸收（）A. 糖B. 水C.Na+D.K+5.下列关于植物激素的说法，正确的是A.吲哚丁酸是植物体内具有生长素效应的蛋白质B.植物激素既可直接参与代谢，又可调控基因组的表达C.在失重状态下，根失去向性地，但仍可发生生长素的极性运输D.植物的向光性生长完全是由于背光侧生长素浓度高于向光侧所致6.大肠杆菌、玉米、噬菌体、酵母菌都具有的糖是（）A. 纤维素B. 淀粉C. 糖原D. 脱氧核糖7.细胞学说的建立过程是科学家探究、开拓、继承、修正和发展的过程，充满了耐人寻味的曲折。

2020年吉林大学附属中学高中部高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AKate Humble: Books that changed my lifeKate Humble is a writer and broadcaster specializing in science, wildlife and rural affairs. Together with her husband site runs Humble by Nature, a rural skills education centre on working farm near Monmouth intheWyeValley.Winnie the Poohby A A MilneMy father used to read this to me when I was very young — he used different voices for all the animals. The characterization (角色设定) was so clever; we all know someone just like each inhabitant of the HundredAcre Wood: gloomy Eeyore; thick but loyal Pooh; enthusiastic Tigger.A A Milne was masterful in exploring the way they got along together, opening my eyes to how society really works.Last Chance to Seeby Douglas Adams and Mark CarwardineThis book tells of the authors, adventures as they set out to find the rarest of animals, those on the edge of extinction.Their travels are rather exciting and they share a wonderful humour, which really appealed to me. Yet underpinning (支撑) everything is the realization that we can't just sit back and allow species to disappear. PicturePalaceby Paul TherouxI've always loved Theroux's travel writing, but this novel took my breath away. The words aren't long or complicated but, fromthat first paragraph, his writing grabs you by the nose hairs and drags you along. I had an art teacher who told me, “You're only an artist when you've found your own style, not when you're copying someone else, and Theroux represents this.”1. Why did the author mention the characterization ofWinnie the Pooh?A. To indicate the book has realistic values.B. To show how adorable the characters are.C. To persuade people to learn from the characters.D. To prove the writer is good at creating characters.2. What didLast Chance to Seestrike into Kate's heart?A. Curiosity.B. Responsibility.C. Exploration.D. Devotion.3. Which writer does Kate Humble like for his original writing?A. A A Milne.B. Douglas Adams.C. Mark Carwardine.D. Paul Theroux.BSometimes people make history. George Washington became the first president of theUnited Statesand made history. Sometimes wars make history. The two World Wars are examples. Sometimes nature even becomes part of history. Shaking earthquakes are recorded in history books.Sixteen years ago, nature caused just such a history-making event. In September 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore inNew Orleans,Louisiana. The deadly storm floodedNew Orleans. Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country. This natural disaster caused great harm and death.New Orleansis located below sea level. This location places it at great risk. Levees were built to protectNew Orleansfrom the ocean. (A levee is like a wall between the city and the ocean.) When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city. Flooding made it necessary for everyone to leave the city. Before Katrina, Creole food (a special kind of cooking only inLouisiana) filled the air with delicious smells. The sound of jazz music traveled through the streets. Now the city has to return to its former glory.Before Katrina, ernment had never made everyone leave a city. People inNew Orleanshad to find shelter quickly. Some had to stay at theSuperdomeSportsCenter. Some rode on buses to other towns. Thousands drove their cars to get away from the storm. The roads and shelters filled up fast.The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature. Being prepared might have kept more people safe. Hurricane Katrina is one of the history-making events that will be remembered forever. Today, history is still being made that will shape the future.4. What does the author tell us aboutNew Orleans?A. It was built above sea level.B. It had few jazz musicians after Katrina.C. It was the firstU.S.city that had been flooded.D. It created a wholly new way to cook after Katrina.5. What can we say about the levees?A. They were almost useless for fighting Katrina.B. They helped people leaveNew Orleansquickly.C. They made NewOrleansa special American city.D. They should be built to match the size ofNew Orleans.6. What might the author advise city governments to do?A. Put up more shelters in the city.B. Build more levees around the city.C. Teach people how to avoid floods.D. Try to get ready for natural disasters.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Storms are dangerousB. Katrina makes historyC. Floods shapeLouisianaD. History must be rememberedCFirst grader Gavin Clampett was diagnosed(诊断) with Tourette’s Syndrome at the age of five. Due to the neurological(神经的) disorder, he always experiences a variety of sudden uncontrolled movements and sounds.The uncontrollable actions mean that he often gets dirty looks from strangers in public and kids make cruel comments on the school bus and in class. In an effort to prevent the unkind comments, Gavin’s mother, 32­year­old Rebecca Clampett helped him make a video with his sister Brynn, nine, and played it to pupils at his school to help them understand the condition.In the video, which Rebecca also shared on YouTube, Gavin’s sister Brynn starts by answering the question “What is Tourette’s Syndrome?” She explains, “It is a neurological disorder, which means it affects the brain so that a person makes unwanted movements. These are called tics(抽搐), but not like a tic that is found outside. These tics can be very noticeable or not very noticeable, quiet or loud.”School can be hard for all kids. That canbe even harder for children like Gavin because they have to face people who laugh at them every single day. “I feel like my brother and every other kid who has Tourette’s Syndrome are brave. So be kind to them and don’t treat them differently because they are just like you”, Brynn says in the video.Gavin concludes, “Everyone could play with someone. Some people think I can’t because I’m different butactually I can. Some are afraid that I will say dirty words, but actually I won’t. The disease bothers me a little, but I’m OK.”8. What can we know about Tourette’s Syndrome?A. It can be treated with drugs.B. It is usually found at an early age.C. People with it will say dirty words.D. People with it can make uncontrolled sounds.9. Because of the disease, others often _________.A. take pity on GavinB. give a hand to GavinC. keep away from GavinD. look down upon Gavin10. In the video, Gavin’s sister __________.A. explains her brother’s diseaseB. expresses her love for her brotherC. complains about unkind commentsD. encourages others to donate money11. What can be used to best describe Gavin?A. Lucky.B. Helpless.C. Optimistic.D. Stubborn.D14 days. That’s the time Chinese scientists took to identify the full genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus (新冠病毒) since its outbreak. It was shared with the WHO immediately, and has now become an important foundation for global researchers in the fight against the COVID-19. But first, let us turn the clock back 17 years, when it took months to identify the SARS virus. From months to 14 days, what changed? It turns out AI played an important part.The scientists first obtained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (支气管扩张灌洗液) samples from patients, isolated (分离) the DNA and RNA, then sequenced the genetic material by comparing them. AI’s advantage is its ability to recognize patterns among a flood of data.Let me put it in a simple way. Sequencing the coronavirus genome (基因组) is similarto looking for a needle in a haystack (干草堆)---looking for genotypes (基因型) with specific characteristics from a huge gene pool. That’s where search algorithm (算法), a branch of modern AI, comes in. Think of it as an efficient search engine, whichcan find the needle in the haystack. This search algorithm can shorten months-long genetic sequencing to weeks or even just a few days. Combined with macro-genomic sequencing and a virus library, this AI technology can also be used in tracking virus mutation (突变).AI doesn’t just support scientists. It can also help patients by improving the efficiency of diagnosis (诊断).Chinalaunched a Genomics Service, which can run multiple virus gene comparisons and produce a detailed report within 60 seconds. This algorithm hasbeen put into use inChinaand shared to the world for free.12. AI’s advantage is that it can ________.A. slow down the spread of coronavirusB. separate DNA from RNAC.identify specific genotypes rapidlyD. obtain samples from patients quickly13. The search algorithm helps shorten the time of genetic sequencing by __________.A. finding a needle in a haystackB. serving as a search engineC. combining with a virus libraryD. tracing virus mutation14. What do we know about the Genomics Service in the last paragraph?A. It has been widely used in the world.B. It is mainly based on blood test.C. It is for fast diagnosis of COVID-19.D. It is used to track COVID-19 patients.15. What’s the best title of the passage?A. 14 Days---ChinaMade it!B. AI Assists in COVID-19 FightC. Search Algorithm, Best ChoiceD. China’s Genomics Service第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年吉林大学附属中学高中部高三生物一模试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 下图是与酶活性影响因素相关的曲线，据图能得出的结论是（）A.相同温度下不同pH酶活性不同B.不同温度下酶的最适PH都是8C.相同pH下不同温度酶活性不同D.该酶的最适温度是35℃2. 人体细胞因某种原因改变了生物膜的分子排列，下列受到影响的细胞结构有（）℃细胞膜℃线粒体℃核糖体℃中心体℃高尔基体℃内质网℃大液泡℃叶绿体℃溶酶体A.℃℃℃℃℃℃℃B.℃℃℃℃℃C.℃℃℃℃℃℃D.℃℃℃℃℃3. 某篮球运动员比赛完后立即休息，出现心慌气短、头晕眼花、面色苍白等症状，经研究发现剧烈运动后继续做小运动量的动作可缓解该种症状。

有关叙述错误的是（）A. 比赛完后立即休息出现头晕眼花的原因是大脑供血不足B. 比赛过程中人体的产热量大于散热量，体温明显上升C. 比赛完后人体内抗利尿激素分泌增加，尿量减少D. 比赛过程中有神经递质和激素的不断合成与分解4. 下列关于检测生物组织中的糖类、脂肪和蛋白质实验操作步骤的叙述中，正确的是（）A.用于鉴定还原糖的斐林试剂甲液和乙液，可直接用于蛋白质的鉴定B.若要鉴定花生种子细胞中是否含有脂肪，一定需要用显微镜观察C.鉴定可溶性还原糖时，要加入斐林试剂（甲液和乙液等量混合均匀再加入）D.用双缩脲试剂鉴定蛋白质时，需水浴加热2 min才能看到紫色5. 下列关于生物体内酶的叙述中正确的是()℃是由具有分泌功能的细胞产生的℃有的从食物中获得，有的在体内转化而来℃活细胞都能产生酶℃绝大多数酶是蛋白质，少数酶是RNA℃有的酶是蛋白质，有的酶是固醇℃酶在代谢中有多种功能℃在新陈代谢和生殖发育中起调控作用℃酶只是起催化作用A. ℃℃℃B. ℃℃℃C. ℃℃℃D. ℃℃℃6. 下列关于细胞中化合物的叙述，正确的是（）A.自由水是生化反应的介质，不直接参与生化反应B.无机盐参与维持细胞的酸碱平衡，也可以参与有机物的合成C.结合水是细胞结构的重要组成成分，主要存在于液泡中D.核糖体合成蛋白质，必须经过内质网加工才有生物学功能7. 下列有关叙述正确的是（）A. 检测细胞中是否有脂肪存在时，需用显微镜B. 向还原糖内加入斐林试剂，就会呈现砖红色沉淀C. 双缩脲试剂检测大豆组织样液时，加热呈蓝色D. 萌发时相同质量的3种种子需要的氧气量基本相同8. 基因型为BBBbDDdd的某生物，其体细胞的染色体组成为（）A. B.C. D.9. 下列有关纯合黄色圆粒豌豆和绿色皱粒豌豆杂交实验结果的叙述,错误的是()A.F1能产生4种比例相等的雌配子和雄配子B.F2中圆粒和皱粒的比例接近3℃1,与分离定律相符C.F2出现4种基因型的个体D.F2出现4种表型的个体,且比例为9℃3℃3℃110. 人类的多指(T)对正常指(t)为显性，白化(a)对正常肤色(A)为隐性，两对等位基因均位于常染色体上且独立遗传。

2020-2021学年吉林大学附属中学初中部高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to developtheir capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.A. adopt the latest technologiesB. make their robots dream come trueC. help build specialized capsule robotsD. do preciser observation and diagnosis2. What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3?A. Perform live.B. Run independently.C. Act in a cooperative way.D. Carry on step by step.3. What can be learnt from the passage?A. Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.B. The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.C. The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.D. It costs more to module the capsules on the board.BGray wolves have lived inNorth Americafor at least half a million years. Their living areas once included most of the continentalUnited States. But during the 1800s and early 1900s, wolves were hunted to near extinction(灭绝).By the 1960s, theU. S.wolf population was limited to a handful of creatures in small comers of the northernMidwest.Then, in 1973, a law, the ESA, was passed to protect animals from becoming extinct. Gray wolves were one of the first animals placed on the endangered-species(濒危物种)list. Killing them wasillicit. And theU. ernment worked to promote their protection. In a famous example of this effort, starting in 1995, 31 wolves were moved fromCanadatoYellowstoneNational Park. By 2015, more than 500 gray wolves were living in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem(生态系统).Today, the continentalU. S.is home to more than 6,000 gray wolves. On January 4, 2021, theU. ernment removed gray wolves from the endangered-species list.Usually, an animal's removal would be cause for celebration. But some environmental protectors say the wolves still need protection. In some parts of the country, wolves are increasing in numbers. More than a thousand of them can be found just inMichiganandWisconsin. But overall, their range is still a small part of what it was. Wolves used to live across most of the U. S. Now they , are found in fewer than a dozen states. Others argue that as long as a species is not in danger of extinction, it doesn't belong on the endangered-species list. Andfarmers with land near wolf living areas say that if the wolf's population continues to grow, more of their farm animals will be killed by wolves.But some protection groups worry that without protection, the wolf population will crash again. They hope that no matter what, people and wolves can get along peacefully with each other. They are promoting ways to make that happen.4. What caused gray wolves to be almost extinct?A. Losing their living areas.B. Too many natural enemies.C. The extreme climate changes.D. Being hunted in great numbers.5. What does the underlined word "illicit" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Rather difficult.B. Against the law.C. Totally normal.D. Conditionally allowable.6. Why was the gray wolf removed from the endangered-species list?A. They have a much larger population already.B. They have all been put into the safe natural parks.C. They have been feeding on farmers, farm animals.D. They have grown too strong to be protected by humans.7. What do farmers living near gray wolves' living areas think of the animals?A. The wolves are trouble for them.B. The wolves must be better protected.C. The wolves get along peacefully with them.D. The wolves should live where they belong.CRemember when your mom told you not to eat too many candy bars or sweets because they can cause tooth decay (蛀牙)? However, it turns out that chocolate can be moresalutaryto your teeth than you might expect. Recent studies show that chocolate can effectively fight against tooth decay, as if we need another excuse to eat chocolate.Chocolate offers protection like fluoride, a main ingredient in most household toothpastes. Not only does chocolate protect our teeth, but it can do so very effectively. Studies show that chocolate has compounds that provide strong protection for teeth. One of the compounds in chocolate, CBH, is shown to protect even more effectively than fluoride.Tooth decay happens when bacteria work to turn sugar into acids in our mouth. This is why eating foods with high sugar content can lead to more tooth decay. The compounds in chocolate, however, are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in your mouth. The CBH compound in particular also works to strengthen tooth enamel (牙釉质), andprotects against tooth decay.Does this mean you can cat as much chocolate as you want without worrying about your teeth? It depends on the types of chocolate that you like. The protective effect of chocolate is most effective when you chew on cocoa beans. Of course, this option is not very appealing to; most people. A more tasty option is to choose dark chocolate with little sugar content, ideally no more than 6 to 8 grams per serving. For other types of chocolate with higher sugar content, the effect will be lessened. However, because of the protective compounds, it is still better for your teeth than other sweets and desserts containing the same amount of sugar.8. The word “salutary” in paragraph 1 means?A. Beneficial.B. Harmful.C. Familiar.D. Useless.9. What can we know about the compound CBH in chocolate?A. It can help chocolate cure tooth decay.B. It can effectively stop teeth from decaying.C. It may protect teeth better than toothpastes do.D. It may soon replace most household toothpastes.10. How does chocolate fight tooth decay?A. By breaking down acids.B. By building up compounds.C. By fixing up tooth enamel.D. By fighting against bacteria.11. What's the main idea of the text?A. Chocolate plays the role of toothpaste.B. Chocolate protects against tooth decay.C. Chocolate is the best choice for teeth protection.D. Chocolate is healthier to teeth than other sweets.DIf there is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls, what can explain girls’ poor performance in science and math?It hasbeen suggested that girls do not take math courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine (女性的)and attractive (有魅力的).However, there are still more high-achieving boys than girls when taking math exams. This difference appears to be worldwide. Biological explanations have been offered for this, but there are other explanations too.Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in kindergarten, boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks. Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who gave answers.Besides, there can be little doubt that teachers of math and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students. They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls. They spend more time with the boy students, giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them. They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. They also praise boys more frequently. All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and math and to give them confidence that they are able to succeed.Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many math and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.12. Why does the author raise a question in paragraph 1?A. To find differences between boys and girls.B. To explain the poor performance of girls.C. To ask readers a question.D. To introduce the topic.13. The text mainly discusses ________ reasons for the difference between boys and girls in scientific achievements.A. biologicalB. personalC. socialD. historical14. What does the text say about great mathematicians?A. Their teachers did not offer answers to them.B. They started learning math at an earlier age.C. They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage years.D. Their success resulted from their strong interest in math.15. The author would probably agree that ________.A. boys and girls learn in the same wayB. boys and girls are equal in general intelligenceC. girls are more confident in themselves than beforeD. girls should take fewer science courses than boys第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。