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翻译技巧9 状语从句的翻译1. 条件状语从句1) During the execution of a contract, if one party fails to perform the contract and thus bring economic loss to another party, the latter may ask the former for compensation according to the contract stipulation.在合同的执行中，如果一方不能履行合同而造成另一方经济损失，受损方可根据合同规定要求对方赔偿。
2）We are notifying you that we reserve our right to claim on you for the shortage if it is confirmed.我方谨通知贵方，如果确定货物数量短缺，我方将有权向贵方提出索赔。
3）It will be very helpful for us to push our claim on condition that you can give us some evidence that your figure in the invoice is correct.只要贵方能提供证据，证明发票上的数字准确无误，这将有助于我方提出索赔。
4）We shall have to cancel the order unless it is executed within two weeks.除非这张订单在两周内履行，否则本公司不得不将它取消。
2. 时间状语从句1) When we investigate the matter of your claims, we have noticed a discrepancy between our invoice figure and the quantities you specified.我方在调查贵方提出的索赔时，发现我方的发票数量和贵方描述的数量不一致。
(完整版)状语从句知识点大全状语从句是一个句子做另一个句子的状语，用于描述、限制、补充或解释主句的动作或状态。
在英语语法中，状语从句非常常见且广泛应用。
以下是状语从句的一些常见知识点：1. 时间状语从句（Time Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示时间，常用的引导词有when, while, as, before, after, until, since等。
例如：I will call you when I arrive home.翻译：我到家时会打电话给你。
2. 地点状语从句（Place Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示地点，常用的引导词有where, wherever等。
例如：She can't find her keys anywhere.翻译：她无论到哪儿都找不到她的钥匙。
3. 原因状语从句（Cause Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示原因，常用的引导词有because, since, as, for等。
例如：I didn't go to the party because I was tired.翻译：因为我累了，所以我没有去参加聚会。
4. 结果状语从句（Result Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示结果，常用的引导词有so, therefore, thus等。
例如：He studied hard, so he passed the exam.翻译：他努力研究，所以他通过了考试。
5. 条件状语从句（Condition Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示条件，常用的引导词有if, unless, provided that等。
例如：If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park.翻译：如果明天下雨，我们不会去公园。
6. 目的状语从句（Purpose Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示目的，常用的引导词有so that, in order that等。
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解一、时间状语从句1. 译成相对应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成“刚（一）……就……”的句式When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表“因”的分句1) “因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
2) “果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事准确可靠，所以坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive，however lucky and robust we are。
[参考译文] 不管我们多么幸运，多么健壮，我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。
[结构分析] 该句分为两部分：(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。
)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句；主句中on…alive是介词短语，作limit的后置定语，how引导的从句是介词on的宾语，该从句的主语是we，谓语是can hope to remain，表语是alive；让步状语从句的主语是we，谓语是are，表语是lucky and robust。
这句话翻译时也要将从句提前，然后再译主句。
[知识链接] virtual实际的；remain保持；a limit on…对……有限制；alive活着的；lucky幸运的；robust健壮的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[参考译文] 尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的，非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
[结构分析] 该句可拆分为两部分，(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. )，第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句；从句中，formal learning是主语，谓语是is transmitted，过去分词selected 作teachers的后置定语，是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语；主句中，informal learning是主语，谓语是is acquired，介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。
1.We would like your attention for three minutes while we explain the safety guidefor this flight.时间状从请大家用三分钟时间注意听讲，在我们解释这次航班的安全指南时。
*请大家用三分钟注意听讲一下这次航班的安全指南。
2.While we are serving meals, please move your seat back to its right place forsafety of the passenger behind you. 时间状从供应餐饮期间，为了你身后乘客的安全请大家将座椅移回原位。
3.If you need any help, please let us know by switching on the button next to thelight above your head. 条件状从如需帮助，请按你头顶上方靠灯的按钮让我们知道。
4.One of the most exciting moments will be in May when the Olympic flame istaken to the highest peak(山峰)in the world--Monut Qomolangma. 时间状从最令人兴奋的时刻之一将在五月，那时奥运火炬将被带到世界之巅--珠穆朗玛峰。
5.Ella and Hebe entered simply for the 10,000 yuan prize, while Selina wasencouraged by her young sister, who was then too young to take part. 转折对比，非限定性定从E和H的参赛只是奔着10000元的奖金而来的，而S的参赛却是受到了妹妹的鼓动，她妹妹那是还小，不能参赛。
五类状语从句的翻译一、时间状语从句1. 译成相应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成刚就的句式：When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句：1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表因的分句：1) 因在果之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
2) 果在因之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句：Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句：Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive，however lucky and robust we are。
[参考译文] 不管我们多么幸运，多么健壮，我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。
[结构分析] 该句分为两部分：(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。
)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句；主句中on…alive是介词短语，作limit的后置定语，how引导的从句是介词on的宾语，该从句的主语是we，谓语是can hope to remain，表语是alive；让步状语从句的主语是we，谓语是are，表语是lucky and robust。
这句话翻译时也要将从句提前，然后再译主句。
[知识链接] virtual实际的；remain保持；a limit on…对……有限制；alive活着的；lucky幸运的；robust健壮的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[参考译文] 尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的，非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
[结构分析] 该句可拆分为两部分，(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. )，第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句；从句中，formal learning是主语，谓语是is transmitted，过去分词selected 作teachers的后置定语，是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语；主句中，informal learning是主语，谓语是is acquired，介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。
状语从句的译法状语从句的译法英语状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等各种从句。
我们已经谈到英语状语从句的一些译法。
现在就一些比较常见的处理办法再进一步说明如下：一、表时间的状语从句1．译成相应的表示时间的状语1) While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，眼泪直流。
2) When the history of the Nixon Administration is finally written, the chances are that Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.当最后撰写尼克松政府的历史时，谈到对华政策可能成为懂得常识和处理外交的楷模。
以上两例译文中表示时间的状语置于句首，与原文一致。
3) Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关电灯。
上句原文中表示时间的从句后置，译文中前置。
2．译成“刚（一）……就……”的句式1) He had hardly rushed into the room when he shouted, “Fire! Fire!”他刚跑进屋就大声喊：“着火了！着火了！”2) Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain.我们刚一到就下雨了。
3) When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
4) He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it.他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。
3．译成并列的分句1) He shouted as he ran.他一边跑，一边喊。
