高中虚拟语气(课堂PPT)

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虚拟语气
一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(3种)。
条件 If 从句的谓语形 从句 式
主句的谓语形式
现在
V. + ed (were)
would/could/shoul d/might +V (原)
过去
had done
would/could/shoul d/might+have+p.p.
1.V.+ ed. 未来2. should+
(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词 常用“had＋过去分词”。
I wish/wished I hadn’teaten so much watermelon.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
2,As if/though和wish用法相同
She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
• 5)He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost.
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• 1)He insisted that I should have a rest. • 2)His suggestion that Tom have a rest
is accepted. • 3)His suggestion is that Tom have a
_w_o_u_l_d_t_a_k_e_ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _b_u_r_s_t (burst) out
again, what _w_o_u_l_d__h_a_p_p_e_n_ (happen) to our people on earth?
I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. I would rather you came tomorrow.
过去时 3.It’s (about/high) time +(that)…
should +V.
(Should不可省略)
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气 用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。
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我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。
We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present.
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一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气 1.时态一致 2. 错综时间的虚拟句 3.倒装句 2.4.含蓄条件句 5. If only 感叹 二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：
宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式
wish、as if/though、would rather、It’s time … It’s necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从
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If he _h_a_d__d_r_iv_e_n_ （drive）more carefully, he _w_o_u_l_d__n_o_t_h_a_v_e_h_a_d_(not have) the car accident yesterday.
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二. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask
It’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.
We are for the advice that the factory should be
closed down.
The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.
They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中
注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气
三. 虚拟语气特殊句型:
1. wish 的宾语 从句
现在: 过去时（were） 过去: 过去完成时 未来: would/could/might +V. should
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I wish I were as tall as you.
I wish every day were my birthday.
4.）He telephoned to inform me of your
birthday , or I would have known nothing
about it .(连词)
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5 . If only …要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice!! If only I were to see him again!
Subjunctive Mood
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1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. 2)If I had taken your advice ,I wouldn’t have made the mistake. 3)If I had been there, it wouldn’t have happened. • 4)If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping.
4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have
happened.
（与过去事实相反） 8
2、错综时间的虚拟句
通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的 谓语动词所指源自文库间是一致的, 但有时也可能指 不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不 同的谓语动词形式.
1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。
要是我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！
If only our parents lived with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!
PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they w__e_r_e (be) here, they
insist
① 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; ②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。
suggest
①表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; ②表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。
1. The teacher suggested that we _(_s_h_o_u__ld__)_p_r_a_c_tise
• If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
• If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
4. He insisted that he _d_i_d_n__’t__st_e_a_l__ the wallet(没有
偷钱包).
以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也 要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。
即：(should)＋V.
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire
1.）Without sunlight, there would be no life
on our planet.
2.）But for your help, I wouldn’t have
finished the work.
3.）I was ill that day .otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)
Should he fail in the experiment…
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come a few….
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4. without, but for，or和otherwise 构成虚拟。 but for要不是，or否则（含蓄条件句）
我们该去睡觉了。 It’s time that we went to bed . It’s time that we should go to bed.
4. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 （should）+动词原形
句
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1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. 2)If I had taken your advice ,I wouldn’t have made the mistake. 3)If I had been there, it wouldn’t have happened. • 4)If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping.
2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。
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虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
3、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ， 而把它们放在句首。
more after class. （我们课后多练习）
2. The look on her face suggested that she
___w_a__s__happy 3. He insisted that all of us _s_h_o_u_l_d__b_e__there on
time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）
rest • 4)It is suggested that Tom have a rest. • 5)The king ordered that the prisoner be
killed the next day.
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虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
• 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用 来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而 是一种假设、猜测、愿望等(在条件从句中 或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿 望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
3. were to
dVo.(原)wdo/umlidg/hctou+lVd./s(h原ou)l
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1. If I had 5000yuan, I would buy a computer.
2. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. （与现在事实相反）
3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.
I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. They talked as if they had been friends for years.
He looks as if he were drunk.
3. would rather (that) 现在,将来： 过去时 过去： 过去完成时