2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题07时态和语态热点难点突破
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专题07 时态和语态【2019年高考考纲解读】课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。
近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。
高考中动词时态命题,每年每份试卷中都有2~3个小题,每小题均设置明确的语境。
一般来说,命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起,增加考题的难度。
而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态,近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时,其次是一般过去时。
【重点、难点剖析】一、高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析1.一般现在时与现在进行时(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作,常伴随使用usually,often,seldom等频度副词;现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态,常跟now,at present等时间状语。
He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isn't writing at present.他经常写许多信,但他现在没在写。
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时,要用一般现在时,不能用现在进行时。
The Earth goes around the Sun.地球绕着太阳转。
2.一般过去时与过去进行时(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作,而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。
I was reading a novel last night.昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。
I read a novel last night.我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。
(2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作,过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。
Did he ask questions?他提问题了吗?He was asking questions all the time.他始终在提问题。
(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实),过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。
专题02 冠词Ⅰ.语法填空1The major construction work on the world’s longest cross-sea bridge,which connects Zhuhai in Guangdong Province with Hong Kong and Macao,1. (complete) last week.Near the airports of Hong Kong and Macao,the project is over one of the world’s 2. (busy) shipping routes(航线),3. more than 4,000 ships pass by every day.Mu ch to people’s relief,Chinese white dolphins,an endangered species,enjoy top level national 4. (protect) here.5. big ceremony was held in Zhuhai to celebrate the completion of the 55-km cross-sea route and to mark the start of road surfacin g.“This means the construction has entered 6. (it) final stage,” said Zhu Yongling,head of the work.More than 400,000 tons of steel have been used for the 6.7-km undersea tunnel and 22.9-km bridge,enough 7. (build) 60 Eiffel Towers.Two floating cranes,8. a load of 3,200 tons and 2,300 tons respectively,worked together to lift and roll the tower,9. (set) a world record.“If it were not for the progress of ‘Made in China’,we couldn’t 10. (possible) have made it in such a short time,” he added.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,介绍了世界上最长的跨海大桥的建造工作和意义。
2019年高考大纲解读一、总体分析2019年高考英语大纲并没有发生变化,也和往年的命题角度和命题方向保持一致。
从题型上来看,依然会是我们已经非常熟知的听力,阅读理解,完形填空,七选五,语法填空,短文改错和写作。
那么我应该从什么方面备考呢?我认为重要的是我们应该清楚的了解高考英语侧重考查学生什么水平。
2003年试行《高中英语课程标准》,我们的英语教学的重心从原来的知识技能转变为综合语言使用水平,所以高考的侧重点也势必随之调整。
2019年,全国卷取消了单选题,增加了语法填空,这使语言知识与语言使用更加紧密结合在一起,明显突出综合语言使用水平。
在试卷上表现为:(1)理解英语口语的水平;(2)理解书面语言的水平;(3)词汇、语法和语用知识使用水平;(4)书面表达水平。
二、考纲变化与2019年高考大纲相比无明显变化三、近年高考全国卷回顾分析近年来,英语试题总体上是稳中求变,保持高考英语学科命题的一贯思路和风格。
充分体现了“注重基础,强调使用,突出水平,稳中求变”的命题原则。
在立足于应用的前提下,试题更加侧重对学生英语综合水平的考查,并且在此基础上有所突破。
对情感态度、学习策略和文化意识的考查渗透在对语言知识与语言技能的考查中,也体现了新课改的趋势和要求。
整个试卷分为听力部分、阅读理解部分、完形填空部分、语法填空部分、短文改错部分和书面表达部分。
近几年的高考英语试题,都体现了一下几个特点: 1.进一步强化语境因素,增加了语法知识与语言环境的综合使用,体现了高考试题“注重语境,强调使用”的指导思想。
2.涉及知识面广,涵盖了交际、时态、语态、冠词、形容词、副词、动词(词组)、非谓语动词、定语从句以及状语从句。
3.总体难度略有下降,基本剔除了以前的偏题、怪题。
4.语境设置更为真实、自然、巧妙。
词汇、语法知识越考越活。
完形填空考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。
要求考生通读全文,掌握文章大意,使用词汇、语法等知识,选择最佳答案,使文章意思通顺,结构完整。
易错点07 动词的时态和语态目录01 易错陷阱(4大陷阱)02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒二】一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒四】主动语态与被动语态易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1:一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点。
【分析】【高考链接】(2023年浙江卷1月)The large siheyuan of these highranking officials and wealthy businessmen often________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).【答案】featured【解析】考查动词时态。
句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。
分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合and后动词时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。
故填featured。
易错陷阱2:一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点。
【分析】1.下列动词hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
2.This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。
3.hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个句型中,主句均用过去完成时。
易错陷阱3:现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点。
【分析】易错陷阱4:主动语态和被动语态易混易错点。
【分析】➢受母语干扰,翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。
➢混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+done与非谓语动词重点过去分词done。
2019年高考英语考试大纲解读(含答案)《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》(英语)中有关语言知识的要求:要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题,要求词汇量为右。
3500 左高考试卷对语言知识的考查主要体现于完形填空和语法填空。
核心语法,构建网络,不纠缠褊难怪”词法、句法、章法是语法的灵魂,对于这三个要素要形成体系,不要支离破碎地学习,尽量掌握核心内容,不要把重心放在偏难怪”且有争议的语法现象上。
可以制作一个语法知识本,以梳理核心语法知识,形成自己的知识网络,进而提升借助语法进行阅读和写作的能力。
如牢记常见的不可数名词,如advice, equipment, evidence, fun, furniture, information, luck, news, luggage/baggage, progress 等牢记核心的词形变化,如warm — warmth, argue— argument, strong—strength, just—justice, unjust —injustice, explain —explanation 等。
题型1完形填空全国卷对完形填空的考查,近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,以说明文和议论文为辅,2018 年全国卷II和全国卷出的完形填空就选用了记叙文,全国卷I采用了夹叙夹议文。
从选材到试题的设置都呈现出“稳中有变”的特点:1.题材相对稳定:文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题,能够传递正能量,弘扬社会主义核心价值观,读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。
且文章大多原汁原味,语言地道,注重思想性和教育性,具有积极的教育意义,体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。
2.文章短小精悍:完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右,结构完整,脉络清晰,难度适中,全文设置20个空格,要求考生根据文章的整体内容,从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项,很少涉及纯语法知识试题。
高考英语语法考试重点大纲解读对于即将参加高考的学子们来说,英语语法是英语学习中至关重要的一部分。
掌握高考英语语法的重点,不仅有助于在考试中取得优异成绩,更能为日后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。
接下来,让我们一起深入解读高考英语语法考试的重点大纲。
一、动词时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考英语语法中的核心考点。
时态主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及现在完成进行时。
一般现在时用于表示经常发生的动作、客观事实或真理。
例如:“The sun rises in the east” 一般过去时则用于描述过去发生的动作或状态。
比如:“I went to Beijing last year” 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作,常见的表达有“will +动词原形”“be going to +动词原形”等。
现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,结构为“be +动词的现在分词”。
过去进行时强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
例如:“I was reading a book at 8 o'cl ock last night” 将来进行时表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。
其结构为“have/has +过去分词”。
过去完成时则以过去某个时间为基准,表示过去的过去所发生的动作。
语态方面,分为主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态的构成是“be +过去分词”,需要根据时态和主语的单复数来确定具体形式。
二、非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
例如:“To learn English well is not easy” (作主语)“I want to go shopping” (作宾语)动名词具有名词的特征,可作主语、宾语、定语等。
第一讲时态语态李仕才第一课时知识过关课1.运用“7看法”,熟记“4句型”速判动词的时态(1)掌握独特的时间状语标志(7看法)1 看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等想到用一般现在时看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day想到用一般过去时态2等3 看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等想到用将来时态4 看到all the time, now, at present等想到用现在进行时态5 看到at that time, then, at six o’clock yesterday等想到用过去进行时看到at this time tomorrow, from 1 o’clock to 3 o’clock6想到用将来进行时tomorrow等看到since, so far, up to now, by the time, in the想到用完成时态7last/past few years等I usually get up at four o’clock every morning when it’s still dark.我通常每天早晨四点起床,那时天还很黑。
I will be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow.明天这个时间我将在和教授谈话。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.到你回家的时候,我将会已经把房子打扫得干干净净。
(2)熟记固定句型中的时态(4句型)►be doing...when...,主句常用过去进行时,从句常用一般过去时。
►no sooner...than或hardly...when...,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
2019年高考英语语法必考考点(7):动词时态和语态含解析李仕才【考点解读】一、动词的时态1.一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。
句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语。
Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象,无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。
“Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say,“because every step shows.”—So what is the procedure?—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用现在时代替将来时。
My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作,但限于少数动词。
如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。
The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.2.一般过去时(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示);用于表示过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。
一、“Can I see my baby?” asked the happy new mother.The bundle(婴儿包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face,she gasped—the baby had been born without ears.Time,however,proved that the baby’s hearing was perfect except his appearance.One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself into his mother’s arms,he cried out bitterly,“A boy,a big boy...called me—a freak.” She sighed,knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.He grew up,handsome for his misfortune.A favorite with his fellow students,he might have been class president,but for that.He developed a gift for literature and music.The boy’s father had a talk with the family doctor.“Could nothing be done?” “I believe we could graft(移植) on a pair of outer ears,if they could be donated,” the doctor decided.So the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man.Two years went by.Then,“You’re going to the hospital,son.Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need.But it’s a secret.” said the father.The operation was a brilliant success.His talents blossomed into genius.School and college became a series of ter,he married and entered the diplomatic(外交) service.“But I must know!” he urged his father.“Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could,” said the father,“but the agreement was that you are not to know...not yet.”The years kept the secret,but the day did come—one of the darkest days that ever passed through a son.He stood with his father over his mother’s casket(棺材).Slowly and tenderly,the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick,reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.1.The story is mainly about .A.how a boy had new ears through an operationB.what a devoted parent privately did for the childC.how a disabled boy turned into a useful personD.why a donator made a sacrifice to a bright boy答案 B解析主旨大意题。
动词的时态、语态和语气是高考中的重中之重,也是英语句子结构的核心。
英语句子的灵动性很大程度上体现在动词的各种变化上,因此谓语动词的时态、语态、语气的运用三位一体,不可分割。
在单项填空题型中,时态和语态是考查的热点,但是语气问题也不可忽视。
在备考过程中应该对谓语动词变化的各种情况都能够了如指掌。
可以预测,未来高考仍然会以考查时态为主,但考查形式会更多地结合语态和语气等形式,越来越侧重在语境中考查动词的时态、语态和语气,所以要求考生首先要掌握时态、语态和语气的基本用法,同时在所设置的语境中根据所给信息进行判断。
也就是说,考生应学会通过上下文来确定所用时态、语态和语气。
热点题型一一般时态例1、The real reason why prices ________,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A.were B.will beC.have been D.had been答案:A【提分秘籍】1.一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。
常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。
只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
Around two o’clock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.每天晚上两点左右,苏就说梦话。
第七讲动词的时态与语态各种时态与语态的构成现在过去将来过去将来主动被动主动被动主动被动主动被动一般do/doesam/is/are donedidwas/were doneshall/will doshall/will bedoneshould/would doshould/would bedone进行am/is/are doingam/is/arebeingdonewas/weredoingwas/werebeingdoneshall/willbedoingshall/will bebeingdoneshould/wouldbedoingshould/wouldbebeingdone完成have/has donehave/hasbeenhad donehad beendoneshall/willshall/willshould/wouldshould/woulddone havedone havebeendonehavedonehavebeendone完成进行have/hasbeendoing—had beendoing—shall/willhavebeendoing—should/wouldhavebeendoing—各种时态的用法1.一般现在时(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold.冰摸上去是冷的。
They always care for each other and help each other.他们总是互相关心、互相帮助。
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词(短语)常用一般现在时,如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
专题07 动词的时态和语态—精讲深剖一.语法填空1.(2019全国I卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.【答案】have reported【解析】考查时态。
根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
2.(2019全国II卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词。
根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
3.(2019全国III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.【答案】recommended【解析】考查一般过去时态。
句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。
“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。
故填recommended。
4.(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).【答案】will have/has【解析】考查时态。
专题21 书面表达一、假定你是李华,你所在的校运动俱乐部将面向外国朋友开设太极(Tai Chi)课。
请写一封邮件,邀请你校的英国交换生Peter参加。
要点如下:1.上课时间与地点;2.报名的截止日期。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua二、假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter很想了解中国文物的故事,请你根据以下要点,写一封邮件向他推荐CCTV-3的《国家宝藏》(National Treasure)节目。
内容包括:1.节目内容:介绍中国重点文物的故事;2.节目目的:感受中国悠久的传统文化。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.信的开头与结尾已写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,How is everything going?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hope you will like the programme.Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear_Peter,How_is_everything_going?I am very glad that you would like to know something about our historical relics. Let me recommend National Treasure on CCTV-3 to you,which is a cultural exploration programme.①As you know,China is well-known for its long history,leaving behind lots of amazing cultural relics,which form the unique cultural name cards of China.②So National Treasure tries to cover the origin and interesting stories of main historical treasures stored in our famous national history museums,reminding people of our long excellent traditional culture.③I have the confidence that you will have a better understanding of our cultural relics by watching it.Hope_you_will_like_the_programme.Yours,Li_Hua三、假定你是李华,你校英语协会招聘志愿者,接待来访的国外中学生。
专题07 时态和语态
Ⅰ.语法填空
1
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) wasn’t fully accepted outside of China for centuries.There was once a Chinese man in the US who was accused after he used 1. certain form of TCM treatment 2.(cure) his grandson’s disease.
In the last 10 years or so,however,TCM 3.(get) more popular all over the world.A report 4.(publish) on Dec.6 says this style of healthcare,which 5.(include) different forms like herbal medicine and exercise,has spread to 183 countries and regions.For instance,in Lima,the capital of Peru,there are around 50 Chinese medicine clinics(诊所).Around 70 percent of 6.(they) were set up by local doctors.TCM has become popular 7. the people of Peru.
Although TCM has been widely accepted,it still faces challenges.For example,there is trouble in being able to prove 8.(exact) what certain drugs are made up of,as well as being able to keep the effects the same every time.
Some researchers have suggested TCM should be more exact and come together with Western Medicine.“Bringing together W estern Medicine and TCM,rather than being in 9.(compete),is 10. the potential for great effects lies.”
3.答案has got
解析考查时态。
根据时间状语in the last 10 years or so可知,用现在完成时。
句意为:在过去的十年里,传统的中医疗法越来越受欢迎。
4.答案published
解析考查非谓语动词。
report和publish之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语,修饰report。
5.答案includes
解析考查时态和主谓一致。
分析语境可知,此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句,which指上文的this style of healthcare,故此处应用单数谓语动词;根据上下文可知,应用一般现在时。
6.答案them
解析考查代词。
在介词of后作宾语用宾格。
句意为:(这些诊所中)大约70%是当地医生开办的。
7.答案with/among
解析考查介词。
be/become popular with/among为固定搭配,意为“受……欢迎”。
8.答案exactly
解析考查副词。
修饰动词prove作状语,用副词形式exactly。
9.答案competition
解析考查名词。
be in competition在竞争中。
10.答案where
解析考查表语从句的引导词。
where引导表语从句,在句中作地点状语。
34.A.familiar B.strange
C.special D.popular
答案 A
解析familiar熟悉的;strange奇怪的;special特别的;popular流行的。
我认为是这样——我的意思是你的确看起来熟悉。
故选A。
35.A.enjoyed B.explored
C.ignored D.experienced
答案 D
解析enjoy喜欢;explore探索;ignore忽视;experience经历。
根据下文的描述可知,这位女士回忆起当她毕业时她经历的事情。
故选D。
36.A.thirsty B.hungry
C.anxious D.moody
答案 B
37.A.waiting B.pretending
C.hoping D.offering
答案 C
解析wait等待;pretend假装;hope希望;offer提供。
根据下文“saying it was he who made her the biggest sandwich”可推断,她进入自助餐厅,希望找点东西吃。
故选C。
38.A.worked B.kicked
C.wound D.lost
答案 A
解析根据语境可知,后来她找到了工作,努力前进,最终开始了自己的事业。
work one’s way努力
前进。
故选A。
39.A.family B.research
C.journey D.business
答案 D
解析family家庭;research研究;journey旅程;business生意,商业,公司。
句意参见上题。
故选D。
40.A.burst out B.brightened up
C.turned up D.held out
答案 B
41.A.opened B.tore
C.shook D.picked
答案 A
解析open打开;tear撕开;shake摇动;pick挑选。
根据下文“pulled out a business card”可推断,最后,她打开钱包,抽出一张名片,许诺从经济上帮助他直到他自立。
故选A。
42.A.though B.after
C.until D.since
答案 C
解析though尽管;after在……之后;until直到;since自从……以来。
句意参见上题。
故选C。
43.A.absorbed B.saved
C.achieved D.contributed
答案 C
解析absorb吸收;save挽救;achieve取得,获得;contribute贡献。
根据上文“Don’t thank me”可推断,没有你,我不会获得这么多。
故选C。
44.A.sympathy B.selflessness
C.bravery D.kindness
答案 D
解析sympathy同情;selflessness无私;bravery勇敢;kindness仁慈。
最后一段是对故事的总结。
生活中,人们绝不会想到一个小小的善举会多么大地改变另一个人。
此处指上文提到的乞丐对女士的帮助。
故选D。