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2014~2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试一、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( )2、sulphuric ( )3、ammonia ( )4、polymer ( )5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( ) 8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10、profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( ) 14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16、exothermic( ) 17、polycarbonate( )18、isothermal( )19、cybernetics ( ) 20、filtration( )二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.___________________________________________________________2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.___________________________________________________________3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.___________________________________________________________4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.___________________________________________________________5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.___________________________________________________________6、The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.___________________________________________________________三、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（）3、吸收（）4、冷凝（）5、沉降（）6、结晶（）7、粉碎（）8、电解（）9、搅动（）10、离心（）11、平衡（）12、体积（）13、催化剂（）14、一（）15、二（）16、三（）17、四（）18、五（）19、六（）20、七（）21、八（）22、九、（）23、十（）24、氮基化合物（）四、表达方式运用，用括号里的单词翻译下列句子（每题5分，共20分）1、化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。
fundamental principles 基本原理evaporation 蒸发black body 黑体empty space 真空区concentration 浓缩visible light 可见光radiation 辐射distillate 馅出液acetonitrile 己腊precipitation 沉淀cation阳离了hydroxide氢氧化物chromatography 层析recrystallization 重结晶sublimation 升华physisorption 物理吸附activated carbon 活性炭hydrophilic 亲水性heat exchanger 换热器fractionating column 精馅柱/塔volatilities 挥发性tray塔板supemate上清液azeotropic distillation 共沸蒸馅supersaturated 过饱利的silver chloride 氯化银ionic reaction 离子反应pharmaceutical 制约H勺batch operation 间歇操作Freeze-drying 冷冻干燥Separation process 分离过程crystallization 结晶Filtration 过滤homogeneous 均相的condensation 冷凝thennodynamics 热力学的liquefaction 液化copper 铜separation 分离laminar flow 湍流convection 对流conduction 传导phonon vibration 声了孑足动condensation 冷凝thermodynamics processes 热力学过程elastic impact 弹性碰撞thermal energy 热能buoyancy forces 浮力1.Heat conduction is directly analogous to diffusion of particles into a fluid, in the situation where there are no fluid currents. This type of heat diffusion differs from mass diffusion in behavior, only in as much as it can occur in solids, whereas mass diffusion is mostly limited to fluids.2.In steady state conduction, the amount of heat entering a section is equal to amount of heatcoming out. In this conduction, all the laws of direct current electrical conduction can be applied to “heat currents”. In such cases, it is possible to take "thermal resistances as the analog to electrical resistances. Temperature plays the role of voltage and heat transferred is the analog of electrical current.3.Conduction is the transfer of heat by direct contact of particles of matter. The transfer of energy could be primarily by elastic impact as in fluids or by free electron diffusion as predominant in metals or phonon vibration as predominant in insulators. In other words, heat is transferred by conduction when adjacent atoms vibrate against one another, or as electrons move from atom to atom. Conduction is greater in solids, where atoms are in constant contact. In liquids (except liquid metals) and gases, the molecules are usually further apart, giving a lower chance of molecules colliding and passing on thermal energy.4、F ractional distillation is one of the unit operations of chemical engineering. Fractionating columns are widely used in the chemical process industries where large quantities of liquids have to be distilled. Such industries are the petroleum processing, petrochemical production, natunil gas processing, coal tar processing, brewing liquified air separation, and hydrocarbon solvents production and similar industries but it finds its widest application in petroleum refineries . In such refineries, the crude oil feedstock is a very complex multicomponent mixture that must be separated and yields of pure chemical compounds are not expected, only groups of compounds within a relatively small range of boiling points, also called fractions and that is the origin of the name fractional distillation or fractionation. It is often not worthwhile separating the components in these fractions any further based on product requirements and economics.5、H eat transfer is the transition of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler object (“object” in this sense designating a complex collection of particles which is capable of storing energy in many different ways). When an object or fluid is at a different temperature than its surroundings or another object, transfer of thennal energy, also known as heat transfer, or heat exchange, occurs in such a way that the body and the surroundings reach thennal equilibrium; this means that they are at the same temperature. Heat transfer always occurs from a higher- temperature object to a cooler-temperature one as described by the second law of thermodynamics. Where there is a temperature difference between objects in proximity, heat transfer between them can never be stopped; it can only be slowed.6、F ractionating columns help to separate the mixture by allowing the mixed vapors to cool, condense, and vaporize again in accordance with Raoult ' s law. With each condensationvaporization cycle, the vapors are enriched in a certain component. A larger surface area allows more cycles, improving separation. This is the rationale for a Vigreux fractionating column or a packedfractionating column. Spinning band distillation achieves the same outcome by using a rotating band within the column to force the rising vapors and descending condensate into close contact, achieving equilibrium more quickly.7、A fractionating column or fractionation column is an essential item used in the distillation of liquid mixtures so as to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the differences in their volatilities. Fractionating columns are used in small scale laboratory distillations as well as for large-scale industrial distillations.J8.The closed system design required for achieving and maintaining the low-pressure atmosphere inside the dryer also provides advantages for processing a hazardous material.Examples include toxic chemicals or solvents and explosive materials. The vacuum dryer safely contains and condenses the hazardous vapors from such substances without any threat to your workplace environment or outside atmosphere. With some hazardous materials, you can provide further protection by using inert gas to limit the oxygen level in the vacuum dryer.9.Crystallization is the (natural or artificial process of formation of solid crystals precipitating froma solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. Crystallization is also a chemical solid-liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs.10.Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through empty space. All objects with a temperature above absolute zero radiate energy at a rate equal to their emissivity multiplied by the rate at which energy would radiate from them if they were a black body. No medium is necessary for radiation to occur, for it is transferred through electromagnetic waves; radiation works even in and through a perfect vaccum. The energy from the Sun travels through the vacuum of space before warming the earth.11.Precipitation reactions can be used for making pigments, removing salts from water in water treatment, and in classical qualitative inorganic analysis. Precipitation is also useful to isolate the products of a reaction during workup. Ideally, the product of the reaction is insoluble in the reaction solvent. Thus, it precipitates as it is formed, preferably forming pure crystals. An example of this would be the synthesis of porphyrins(口 |、l林)in refluxing propionic acid. By cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, crystals of the porphyrin precipitate, and are collected by filtration.12.Here vacuum drying provides a unique advantage. By controlling atmospheric pressure, the vacuum dryer increases the effective A T for a given process. That is, vacuum drying simple reducesthe boiling point - or vaporization temperature - required for removing the liquid. By controlling pressure and the heat introduced to the dryer, you can significantly increase the effective △ T and thus dry the material faster than at normal atmosphere. For this reason, a vacuum dryer is especially suited to drying a heat-sensitive material that degrades above a given temperature and would otherwise require a lengthy drying cycle. Examples of such materials are vitamins, antibiotics, and many fine chemicals.13.Separation processes can essentially be termed as mass transfer processes. The classification can be based on the means of separation, mechanical or chemical. The choice of separation depends on the pros and cons of each. Mechanical separations are usually favored if possible due to the lower cost of the operations as compared to chemical separations. Systems that can not be separated by purely mechanical means (e.g. crude oil), chemical separation is the remaining solution. The mixture at hand could exist as a combination of any two or more states: solid-solid, solid-liquid, solid-gas, liquid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas, solid-liquid-gas mixture, etc.14.An important stage of the precipitation process is the onset of nucleation. The creation of a hypothetical solid particle includes the formation of an interface, which requires some energy based on the relative surface energy of the solid and the solution. If this energy is not available, and no suitable nucleation surface is available, supersaturation occurs.15.In operation, the vessel rotates about the trunnions4 axis. The integrity of the seal around the stationary vacuum line - which extends through the trunnion and is angled upward into the drying chamber's top, above the material in the rotating vessel - is critical for maintaining the dryer's vacuum. During rotation, the material cascades inside the chamber, gently tumbling and folding to bring the material into contact with the heated walls. This action makes the dryer especially suitable for handling friable and fragile materials that can't withstand shear from agitation, such as polyethylene terephthalate (聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)pellets. The delumping (粉E卒I的) bar can be operated intermittently to break up undesired agglomerates.16.Similar to surface tension, adsorption is a consequence of surface energy. In a bulk material, all the bonding requirements (be they ionic, covalent, or metallic) of the constituent atoms of the material are filled by other atoms in the material. However, atoms on the surface of the adsorbent are not wholly surrounded by other adsorbent atoms and therefore can attract adsorbates. The exact nature of the bonding depends on the details of the species involved, but the adsorption process is generally classified as physisorption (characteristic of weak van der Waals forces) or chemisorption (characteristic of covalent bonding).17.At low driving temperatures, no boiling occurs and the heat transfer rate is controlled by theusmil single-phase mechanisms. As the surface temperature is increased, local boiling occurs and vapour bubbles (气泡)nucleation, grow into the surrounding cooler fluid, and collapse. This is sub-cooled nucleation boiling and is a very efficient heat transfer mechanism. At high bubble generation rates the bubbles begin to interefere (扰动/干扰)and the heat flux no longer increases rapidly with surface temperature (this is the departure from nucleate boiling DNB). At higher temperatures still, a maximum in the heat flux is reached (the critical heat flux).18.As a liquid mixture in the round bottomed flask is boiled, vapor rises up the fractionating column. The vapor condenses on the glass platforms (known as tray (塔板)or plates) inside the column, and runs back down into the liquid below and refluxes the upflowing distillate vapor. The hottest tray (塔板)is at the bottom of the column and the coolest tray is at the top. At steady state conditions, the vapor and liquid on each tray is at equilibrium. Only the most volatile of the vapors stays in gas form all the way to the top. The vapor at the top of the column then flows through the water-cooled condenser, which cools the vapor down until it condenses into a liquid distillate （偕出液）.The separation may be enhanced by the addition of more trays （to a practical limitation of heat, flow, etc.）19.Natural methods of precipitation include settling or sedimentation , where the solid forms over a period of time due to ambient forces like gravity or centrifugation. During chemical reactions, precipitation may also occur particularly if an insoluble substance is introduced into a solution and the density happens to be greater （otherwise the precipitate would float or form a suspension. With soluble substances, precipitation is accelerated once the solution becomes supersate rated. In solids, precipitation occurs if the concentration of one solid is above the solubility limit in the host solid, due to e.g. rapid quenching （淬火）or ion implantation, and the temperature is high enough that diffusion can lead to segregation （偏析）into precipitates. Precipitation in solids is routinely used to synthesize nanoclusters.20.Freeze-drying also causes less damage to the substance than other dehydration （脱水）methods using higher temperatures. Freeze-drying does not usually cause shrinkageor tougheningof the material being dried. In addition, flavors, smells and nutritional content generally remain unchanged, making the process popular for preserving food. However, water is not the only chemical capable of sublimation, and the loss of other volatile compounds such as acetic acid （vinegar） and alcohols （N宰）can yield undesirable results.。
化学工程与工艺专业英语试题卷参考答案一．Put the following into English or Chinese.1.石油化学制品2. alkali3. sodium carbonate4. 聚合作用5. ammonia6. 药物7. antioxidant8. 聚四氟乙烯9. 环己烷10..carbonmonoxide 11. 乙醇胺12. thermodynamics 13. 光谱学14. refinery 15. 多相的16. isothermal17. 聚氧化亚甲基18. chloride 19. ethanol 20. 聚氯乙烯二.Translation.1. 4 generations under one roof2. to be a winner of the family3. 教务处4.国家助学金5.Principles of chemistry(unit operations)6.生产实习7.graduation thesis8.妇产医院9.transport phenomena10.金窝，银窝，不如自己的狗窝11.normal university 12.综合性大学13.应试教育14.master of business administrator 15.分析化学16.税务局17.party committee 18.专卖店19.chain store(multiple shop) 20.主任医生三、Put the following sentences underlined into ChineseA在20世纪六、七十年代，由于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚酯环氧树脂等聚合物合成需求量的大量增加，石油化工产品产量呈现爆炸式的增长。
B单一的化工厂产量有从精细化工领域的每年几吨到肥料、石油领域的化工巨头的每年500，000吨。
C一方面，化学生产工业的扩张，另一方面，化学工程与工艺科学的先进，这些使为化工生产奠定了理论基础成为了可能。
化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。
一、词汇翻译（每题1分，共10分）二、单句翻译（每题2分，共20分）1.The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。
2.The continuous process can ordinarily be handled in the less space.连续过程通常能节操作空间。
3.lens of thousands of foreign friends visit this factory every year.每年有几万人参观这座工厂。
lion billion billion atoms.106*10*109 也就是1024 个原子（美语）。
5.Half of a millionth of a billionth of billionth of a pound.0.5*10-30 磅（10-6*10-12*10-12）（英语）。
6.Other things being equal copper heats up faster than iron.相同条件下,铜比铁热得快。
7.Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon.钢和铸铁的含碳量也不相同。
8.Alloys belongs to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。
9.Industrialization and environmental degradation seem to go hand in hand.工业化发展似乎伴随着环境的退化。
10.The atom is the smallest particle of an element原子是元素的最小粒子。
11.Although the world is large, man is able to live in only a small part of it.尽管地球很大，可人类只能在其中很小的一部分地方生活。
化工行业英语期末复习内容Listening Comprehension (Task4)-•、Listen to the passage and try to fill the missing words in the blanks.UnitlGet everything ready for the interview, so that the following day you can just grab your things and go. These include what you'll be 1. ___________________ , your CV, and a map of the destination.If you're not sure how to get there, try and make the journey 2. ___________________ Being late doessend out a great first 3. ___________________ .Always remember to take important 4.___________ profile materials with you. Takea pack containing your CV, 5. __________ , examples of your work and any 6. __________ of merit or qualification levels.Even if some of these things are not nceded during your intcrview, you'll not only be prepare--you'll look 7. __________________ too. Also, they are a great point of 8.when demonstrating a point or if you get stuck.1.wearing2. the day before3. impression4. personal5. cover letter6.certificates7. prepared8. referenceUnit2Chemistry is essentiaJ to our everyday lives and the economy. First, almost ever ything we use to day is 1. ______________________ by chemical products. These products are2._______ f or a very wide range of other industries, like the automotive industry, medical3. ________ , food industry, space exploration, transportation and cleancmergy sources. Second，they are essentiol for things of daily use like water supply, health care, house wares, pens, shelter, and even clothing. Peoples lives have been made healthier, safer ond more convenient by the4._____ of chemistry, which also5・ _____ t he natural raw materials of the ear th, sea and air into useful products ・Third, chemistry also drives product 6. __________ , creates jobs and economic growth. What?s more, it brings major societal ben efits to 7. ____________ , susta in abi 1 ity and environment. In a word, every & __________ of modern life depends largely upon the business of chemistry.1.manufactured2. fundamental3. instruments4. materials5. transforms6.innovation 7, productivity 8. facetUnit3Chemistry is a big part of your everyday life. Your find chemistry in daily life in the foods you eat, the air you 1. ______________________ , your soap, your emotions andlit erally every objec t you can see or to uch. Here's a look at some everyday chemistry. First，your body is made up of chemical 2. _____________________ , which are oxygen,carb on, hydrogen, nitrogen, 3. ________ , an d phosphorus. Seco nd, the emoti on s that you feel are a result of chemical messengers, 4. __________ n eurotransmitters. Love, jealousy and 5. _____ , all share a basis in chemistry. Third, soap is a chemical thatmankind has been making for a very long time. You can form a crude soap by mixing6・___ and animal fat. Ilow can something so 7. ________ actually make you cleaner?The answer has to do with the way soap interacts with 8. ___________ grease and grime.Fin ally, food goes bad b ecause of chemical reactions that b etwcen food 9. _________ . Fats can become rancid. 10. __________ grow that can make you sick.1.breathe2. compounds3. calcium4. primarily5. envy6. ashes7. nasty8.oil-based 9. molecules 10. BacteriaUnit4With the developme nt of eco no my, there is a trend of urbanization. More and more high buildings arc boing built in largo and 1・ ____________________ cities across tho country. In urbani/ation , however , one thing should not be 2. -- environ mental protection. It is unscie ntific to judge a city's 3-level by the number of high buildings. Recently, a new concept "4 ”has come into being and become an important criterion for5. __________ a city. The con cep t stresses that a moder n city must have6. environmental promotion. It must have a proper7. ______________ of green land, clean water and fresh air- And now, more and more cities follow this8. _________________ •1.medium-sized2. neglected 3・ modernization 4. environmentai image5.evaluating6. efficient7. proportion8. criterionUnit5The country's top quality control official yesterday warned that the use of new materials,booming global trade and pollution posed new threats to food safety around the globe- "In terms of food safety, the world faces many problems that should be treated seriously and1._____ inimediatcly, ” tho official stressed at an international2. ______________ .A large number of new materials and technologies used in food processing have3.unknown risks, and worldwide 4 _______________ of food also causes potential dangers. Global warming and pollution may resuIt in more food safety 5. ______________ •A series of food safety emergencies such as the 6. _______________ o f mad cow and foot and mouth diseases have reminded tho world of tho importaneo of inforination sharing and an early warning system.Many 7. ___________ at the conferenee shared the official's worries. They agreedthat intensified international cooperation, especially in information and experience sharing, is8. _____ f or the provention of, and a solution to, the problems.1.resolved2. conference3.brought4. distribution5. issues6. outbreaks7.participants 8. vitalUnit6Many people enjoy making break, cakes, wine, beer, ice cream at home・ However, most of today's food is bought from shops and supermarkets. Food made at home is always at its best when eaten 1. ______________________________ . Food produced on the large scalethat is needed to supply supermarkets and other food shops has to be transported and stored before it is 2. ___________________ • It has to stay in top condition cover a muchIon ger period of time tha n 3・ __________ food. Add it ives are used so that these foods still have a 4. ________ h igh quality. In some products, they are so essentialthat additives are used even in certain 5. __________ foods. Additives are used in a range of foods. In some countries, lots of food is lost because it "goes off” due to microbial grow th before it can be eaten. Food 6・ ____________ also shows the dangersOf con tarn in ated food and without the use of preservatives, colors and 7. _______ a re the best known additives but in fact there are many categories of additives, each 8. toa specific purpose-1.straight away2. consumed3. home-cooked4. consistently5. organic6.poisoning7. flavors8. tailoredTranslationTask 10 （英译中）Unitl1.A chemical engineer's technical knowledge can be invaluable in determining the strength and durability of the various materials available.在确定用材的强度和耐久性方面，化学工程师的技术知识是十分宝贵的。
练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）包括的一系列操作，如混合、蒸发、过滤，无论产物是什么，这些操作都基本同，从而导致了单元操作的概念。
《化工专业英语》答案一、词汇翻译1. 盐酸2. 颜料3. 硫酸4. 氢氧化钾5. 氯化钠6. 硝酸铵7. 甲烷8. 硅9. 碳酸钙10. 二氧化碳11.碳酸钙12.乙炔13.氯化钾14.氧化汞15.网格球顶16.晶体学17.对称的18.杂化19.聚氨酯20炸药二、阅读理解1.C2.D3.B4.D5.A；C D C D A四、英译汉1. 也许你主修保健科学，希望从事一个医学或药学方面的工作。
如果这样，你将希望熟悉水溶液的性质，包括血液和其它体液。
分在过去的几十年里，化学家们研制了很多挽救生命的产品，包括在化学疗法中使用的药物和用于对付抗性微生物的新型抗生素2. 在这种土壤中，化合物中的氮是植物生物化学过程中的有限反应物农民通过向土壤中施加氨和其它氮肥以增加这种有限反应物的量，从而大幅提高大豆、小麦和其它作物的产量3. 食品工业中使用盐酸从玉米淀粉中制备玉米糖浆，从骨头中制取明胶。
这些反应包括通过酸的作用将大分子破碎成小分子。
盐酸也存在于胃部中，帮助消化破碎食物，包括将淀粉转化成糖。
4. 在杂货店中出售的清洗液“阿莫尼亚”实际上是氨气的水溶液。
氨水具有一种特征的刺激性气味。
闻氨水气味时要特别小心，让瓶子距离自己的鼻子一段距离，用手轻轻扇动瓶中冒出的氨气，只能闻飘过来的少量氨气。
5. Smalley以擅长网格球顶设计的建筑师巴克敏斯特富勒的名字来命名这个分子为“巴克敏斯特富勒烯”，他提出的结构与足球相同，C60很快又被冠以“巴基球”的昵称。
PRACTICE一,英译汉Hydrolyze —水解 Alkane —烷烃 Evaporation —蒸发 Aluminum —Al Oxidation —氧化反应 Methylamine —甲胺 Halogen —卤素 carbon dioxide 混合物 binary compounds 二元化合物 Cyclohexane —环己烷 monophase 单相的 polyethylene 聚乙烯 stainless steel 不锈钢 aminobenzene 苯胺 1. The Ideal-Gas Equation of State 理想气体状态方程 2. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律 3. Reaction Rates 反应速率 4. Activation Energy 活化能 5. Separatory Funnel 分液漏斗 6. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化7. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对 8. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应9. The Solubility-Product Constant 溶度积常数 二，命名 1. 甲烷 methane2. 2-甲基-3-乙基辛烷 3-ethyl- 2-methyloctane3. 2-乙基-1,3-丁二烯 2- ethyl -1, 3-butadiene4. 环己烷 Cyclohexane5. 对二甲苯 paraxylene6. 乙酸甲酯 Methyl acetate7. 醋酸 Acetic acid8. 丙酮Acetone C H 3C H C H 2C H 2 C H 2C H C H 3C H 2C H 3C H3三，翻译命名2-methylbutane 2-甲基丁烷3-ethyl-2-methylheptane 3-乙基-2-甲基庚烷 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane 2-甲基-4-乙基己烷4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane2,2-二甲基-4-乙基己烷5,5-bis(l,2-dimethylpropyl)nonane 5,5-二（1,2-二甲基丙基）壬烷2-hexyl-l,3-butadiene 2-己基-1,3-丁二烯 Benzyl 苄基（苯甲基） Phenyl 苯基 ethyl chloride 氯化乙基 2-fluoropropanemethanol 甲醇 ethanol 乙醇 1,2-ethanedioltrimethylamine 三甲胺 phenylmethanal ethanoyl chloride 四，翻译短句1. Acetylene (乙炔) is hydrocarbon especially high in heat value.乙炔烃特别是高热值2. It is common knowledge that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.大家都知道，水中的物体比在空中更轻。
2012-2013学年化工专业英语试题答案一、Write the corresponding formula or molecular formula .( 15′)1、H—Cl2、Cl-O-Ca-O-Cl3、C6H64、C6H125、CH3CH2CH2CH＝CH2二、Put the following into English or Chinese.（ 30′）1.石油化学制品2. butane3. sodium carbonate4. 聚合作用5.ammonia6. 药物7. antioxidant 8. 聚四氟乙烯9.环己烷10.heavy distillate11.乙醇胺12. thermodynamics13.光谱学14. refinery15.多相的16. isothermal17.聚氧化亚甲基18. chloride19. ethanol 20. 聚氯乙烯三、complete the note below with words taken from the text above.(unit 3) Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.（ 30′）1.Mechanical2.electrical3.civil4.scale-upmercial-size6.reactors7.distillation columns8.pumps9.control and instrumentation10.mathematics11.industry12.academia13.steam14.cooling water15.nitrogen四、Put the following sentences underlined into Chinese.(10′)㈠单一的化工厂产量有从精细化工领域的每年几吨到肥料、石油领域的化工巨头的每年500，000吨。
