分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？
共同点：单个分词做定语放在所修饰名词前(a swimming pool)；分词短语（就是不仅仅由一个分词构成的用来修饰名词的短语the book written by Luxun）做后置定语，即放名词后。
用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系
1. 现在分词(Ving)做定语：
从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示 1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。
做定语：相当于一个定语从句 (主动)
Do you know the boy standing at the door? → Do you know the boy who is standing at the d oor? A developing country needs aids. →A country that/which is developing needs aids. They lived in a house facing the south →They lived in a house that faced the south.
The man wearing a red tie is our head. →The man who wears a red tie(戴红领带) is our hea d.
The workers working in the factory are well-paid. →The workers who are working in the fa ctory are well-paid. 在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好
2．过去分词(p.p)做定语
从功能上看，过去分词做定语表示1）被动（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。
做定语：相当于一个定语从句（被动），有时侯也表示完成的
The broken window was repaired this morning.
The window broken yesterday was….
→The window that/which was broken yesterday was…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了
The sold hamburgers are not to my taste.
The hamburgers sold in this chain are not to…..这家连锁店卖的汉堡不适合我的口味
The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to….
The arrived guests will be led in.（此过去分词表示完成）
The guests arrived just now will….刚到的客人将会被带进来
The guests who arrived just now will be….
The book that was written by Wang sells well. →The book written by Wang sells well. The tie that is worn by our head is made in Shanghai. →The tie worn by our head is mad e in SH
The shoes (that were) made in a small factory are of bad quality.小厂产的鞋子质量差
反之，一个定语从句可以转化为分词做定语的结构
The man I introduced to you yesterday had just returned from Japan.
The man introduced to you by me yesterday had just…昨天我给你介绍的那人刚从日本回来He is a man who is loved by all. → He is a man loved by all. 他是个大家所热爱的人
The leaves that have fallen are collected by the cleaners. →The fallen leaves are coll ected…
That letter I received last week was from Li. → The letter received last week was from Li.
