高二英语下学期期末检测试题（含答案）一、用单词的适当形式完成短文（本大题共1小题）语法填空3D Printing in Food ProductionThere’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Over the past few years, researchers 1 (develop) machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook 2 print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. A restaurant in Spain has re-Sustainability(水解胶体Nutritionprofessor at Columbia University said, “Food printing could allow consumers 8 (print) food with individualized nutritional content. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”Challenges9 recent development in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming 10 ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are doubtfulabout 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文（本大题共1小题）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.been 11 in many developed nations for decades: loneliness.economy () proved torecent development; if the history of human existence was 16 into a single day, the Industrial Revolution did not occur until almost midnight. For much of that time, humans lived in small groups of hunter-gatherers; cities may just overwhelm the senses. Ms. Hertz points her finger at a recent development: social media. The internet has led too much cyber-bullying (although it has also been a source of companionship during the lockdown). And people 17 to their smart phones spend less time interacting socially.Some changes in behavior are owing to 18 choice. Before the pandemic no one was stopping people going to church or taking part in sports. They 19 preferred to do other things. Indeed, one reason for the decline in communal activities is that men choose to be with their families rather than 20 to the bar; American fathers spend three times as much time with their children as they did inthe 1960s. That is surely a welcome development. So recreating a communal society may be difficult.三、完形填空（本大题共1小题）Feel Like You’re Falling Behind Your Peers?It’s never pleasant to lag behind others that we consider similar to ourselves. The conventional wisdom says to “stop competing with others and only compete with yourself”. But that’s easier said than done. With the rise of social media, it’s hard to avoid 11 of your colleagues’ accomplishments if you want to stay connected. But in fact that knowledge can have benefits. A recent study shows that it can become a source of 12 in both one’s work and life.ma(n) 17 or practical solution.For instance, you probably can’t avoid hearing what your boss says about you or your colleagues. A better approach is to 18 engage those feelings to your benefit. Instead of saying to yourself, “I wish I did that,” ask yourself, “Why can’t I do that?” Then take some time to listen to what ideas emerge in your mind.19 a personal strength to regain validation (认可).During the period of insecurity, you may start to consider how you can 20 others. Double down on your strengths and express them to the world.An executive coaching client of mine was heartbroken that his planned promotion this year was postponed due to the pandemic. He worried that his future 21 for promotion to this position would slowly disappear.To get out of his negative state, he decided to harness (利用) his writing talent. He 22 a thoughtful article for the company blog on how to effectively and positively lead others 23 the current crisis. Countless junior and senior colleagues expressed their gratitude for his honest and optimistic guidance. This feedback, 24 , made him confident about his value.Any efforts in your career and life will 25 bring self-comparison and insecurity. But whenever you feel like you are falling behind others, you can use these strategies to regain your confidence and perform well in the competitions that genuinely matter to you.11．A．evidence B．hints C．exchanges D．criticism 12．A．entertainment B．pride C．inspiration D．identity 13．A．suffer B．ensure C．breed D．seize 14．A．accents B．forms C．sizes D．cultures 15．A．aware B．glad C．relieved D．surprised 16．A．ignore B．seek C．report D．track 17．A．adaptive B．reasonable C．innovative D．diplomatic 18．A．deliberately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．effortlessly 19．A．Detect B．Reserve C．Qualify D．Exhibit 20．A．make use of B．catch up with C．give in to D．put up with 21．A．proposals B．prospects C．perspectives D．programs 22．A．copied B．reviewed C．composed D．quoted 23．A．to B．with C．through D．across 24．A．however B．besides C．for example D．in turn 25．A．inevitably B．sensitively C．unfortunately D．visibly四、阅读理解（本大题共3小题）The light from the campfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of Denmis’s Swamp creeping into their bones. It was a strange place. Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jack’s dare. They liked camping, but not near this swamp (沼泽).“So,” Martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals. “How did this place get its name? ”“Are you sure you want to hear it? It’s a scary story,” warned Jack.“Of course!” cried out Tom. “If there were anything to be scared of, you wouldn’t have chosen this place!”“Ok, but don’t say I didn’t warn you,” said Jack, and he began this tale. “Way back in time, a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here. He built that cottage over there to live in. In those days, the area looked quite different—it was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystal-clear river. After three hard years, Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops. He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.”“You are clearing too much land,” warned one old man. “The land is a living thing. It will hit back at you if you abuse it.”“Silly fool,” said Dennis to himself. “If I clear more land, I can grow more crops. I’ll become wealthier. He’s just jealous!”Dennis continued to chop down trees. Smal animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed. He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door. He did not notice salt seeping (渗出) to the surface of the land. He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.“What happened?” Martin asked. It was growing colder. He trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.“The land hit back--just as the old man warned,” Jack shrugged. “Dennis disappeared. Old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater. His body was never found.”“What a stupid story,” laughed Tom. “Plants can’t .” Before he had finished speaking, he screamed and fainted. The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst out laughing. Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Tom’s face. It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke. 26．The underlined word “dare” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . A．courage B．assistance C．instruction D．challenge 27．Why did Dennis ignore the warning of the old man?A．The old man envied him. B．The old man was foolish.C．He was too busy to listen to others. D．He was greedy for more crops. 28．Why did Tom scream and faint?A．He saw Dennis’s shadow.B．He was scared by a plant.C．His friends played a joke on him.D．The weather became extremely cold.29．What lesson can we learn from the story of Dennis?A．Grasp all, lose all. B．No sweat, no sweet.C．It is no use crying over spilt milk. D．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.；30．One can comfort a fri end who has failed an exam by saying “,” as quoted in a 1970s song.A．let it go B．let your hair down C．turn the pageD．keep a poker face；31．What can we infer about “the current money situation” mentioned in the third box?A．The diners were likely to be short of capital.B．The restaurant chef was probably in heavy debt.C．The speaker was confident of an economic boom.D．The boat owner threatened to withdraw his funds.；32．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．Magic of English Idioms in AnimationsB．Idioms-Inspiration for Popular MusicC．Cheer Yourself up in the World of MusicD．Useful Idioms from Popular Song TitlesNobody ever said science education was easy. Certainly the concepts like quantum mechanics can be hard to grasp. But what really complicates the endeavor is that we're also trying to teach the subject while helping students understand the nature of science itself.All too often, young people get the impression that science is about learning certain "laws" and then applying them to different situations. Rather, science is the process of building the concepts through the collection of experimental evidence. Let's not call these concepts laws, but models. Science is all about building and testing models.Of course, we can't start from scratch. If students had to build their own models from the ground up, it would be like trying to learn programming by inventing computers. As Isaac Newton said, we stand on the shoulders of giants. We must go from models built by others.But there's still another challenge in science education less recognized: Students often enter a course with their own unarticulated ideas about how the world works. We call these "misconceptions" but it's important to realize that these are also models, based on their life experiences, which "make sense" to the students.What I'd like to suggest is that this actually provides a great way into the adventure of science and an opportunity to meet our objectives as educators. If you can create a situation that challenges students' assumptions and produces conceptual conflict, that's a great opportunity for learning.Here's an example that I've used on the topic of light rays. I set up a point light source and put a piece of cardboard in front of it. There's a small pinhole in the cardboard and a white screen behind. What do you expect to see? No surprise: A light shining through a pinhole makes a dot on the screen. But what if I have TWO light sources with the same single hole? Many students complain that science is tricky.OK, that is a problem. The point isn't supposed to be that science is tricky but that learning is tricky. It's hard to change students' ideas, so we deliberately put them in a position to confront their internal model. Here, students have the idea that the spot on the screen is due to the pinhole - a natural conclusion - so one hole means one spot. But actually light travels radially outward from each light source in straight lines. (Check the top view (俯视图)of the two lights, the pinhole, and the screen below.)But really, the answer is not the point. What I'm saying here is that in education, we set things up so students get it wrong. That's how they learn. Learning requires getting past their own ideas. You can't get physically fit without breaking a sweat and you can't really learn, at a fundamental level, without a little conflict in your head. (477 words)；33．The italicized phrase "from scratch" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to " ".A．from the very beginning B．based on basic concepts C．according to various situations D．under the guidance of predecessors；34．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．The leaching of the complex science concepts is the most difficult. B．Learning science is all about putting theory to practice.C．Life experiences contribute to students' knowledge of the world.D．Students' own idea of how things work isn't eligible for a model.；35．The top view mentioned in the writer's experiment is.A．B．C．D．；36．According to the writer, what's the best way to teach science?A．Get the concepts and laws across to the students clearly.B．Help students to distinctively tell laws and models apart.C．Make science questions less tricky and more to the point.D．Set up experiments to challenge students' predictions.五、六选四（本大题共1小题）Distance or Face-to-Face Learning: What’s the Difference?Although many people think it is a modern phenomenon, distance learning has been around for at least 200 years in one form or another.When comparing the two systems, the first and most obvious area to focus on is the way that learning is delivered. Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. 47 In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. The flexibility this provides means that students may be better able to learn at their own pace, following their own timetable, but it may also mean that learners have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. They must therefore be highly motivated in order to do well on the distance-learning courses.37 . Namely, the teacher is the “knower”, and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. With face-to-face learning, the teacher and student have the opportunity to develop a personal relationship through lectures, seminars and tutorials. This is different from a distance-learning course, where the teacher may seldom or indeed never actually meet the student. This may make it hard for teachers to understand their learners’ specific learning needs.38 . Generally, students like to meet regularly and talk to people on the same course. However, this kind of interaction on a distance-learning course is less common. Although people can increasingly interact through online conversationsand message boards, there is a significant difference between virtual and real interaction. Time and geography must also be considered when contrasting these two types of learning. Face-to-face learning must take place in real time and in one location. 50 .In conclusion, it is difficult to state whether one form of learning is better than another, as they cater for different audiences. What is important to understand is the different ways in which they operate, and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results.【选项】B．On the contrary, distance learning can happen at any time and in any location, since the learning is not restricted by geography.C．On a face-to-face course, students may only require a computer for the purpose of writing an essay.D．The technological advances of the past 20 or so years have meant that distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative.E．For many students, interaction with their peers is one of the best aspects of university education.F．In terms of the teacher-student relationship, the core principles remain the same.六、概要写作（本大题共1小题）39．Directions: Write a summary of the following article with about 60 words.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback (缺点) of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary.Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing ateacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It’s not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.七、汉译英（整句）（本大题共5小题）40．我们的友谊能经受时间的考验吗？(stand)(汉译英)41．袁隆平把毕生奉献给了农业研究的故事非常感人。
