词义辨析题

词汇中的词义辨析与词组搭配（练习题及）词汇中的词义辨析与词组搭配词汇是语言的基本单位，而在汉语中，同一个词往往可以有多种不同的词义。

因此，准确理解词义并能够正确运用词组搭配对于语言学习者来说是非常重要的。

在本文中，我们将通过一些练习题，来帮助大家加强对词义辨析和词组搭配的理解。

练习题一：选择合适的词义1. 我感到了一阵寒冷的风从窗外吹进来。

a. 寒冷：凉爽的b. 寒冷：温暖的c. 寒冷：冷酷的2. 这个问题非常复杂，需要深入分析才能解决。

a. 复杂：简单的b. 复杂：困难的c. 复杂：浅显的3. 这个地方的风景非常美丽，值得前来一游。

a. 美丽：丑陋的b. 美丽：漂亮的c. 美丽：普通的4. 他的演讲非常生动，吸引了很多观众的注意。

a. 生动：枯燥的b. 生动：活泼的c. 生动：沉闷的5. 这个问题的解决需要集体的努力，不能单靠个人。

a. 集体：个人的b. 集体：团队的c. 集体：社会的练习题二：选择合适的词组搭配1. 他在演讲中举了许多实例，使观众更容易理解。

a. 举例：提问b. 举例：解释c. 举例：反驳2. 这个项目需要大家齐心协力才能圆满完成。

a. 齐心协力：各自为战b. 齐心协力：高效合作c. 齐心协力：争吵不休3. 他的经验告诉我们，努力是成功的关键。

a. 努力：懒惰b. 努力：投机c. 努力：勤奋4. 这部电影以其精彩的剧情吸引了观众的眼球。

a. 吸引眼球：普通的b. 吸引眼球：无聊的c. 吸引眼球：引人注目的5. 他用字简单明了，文章很容易理解。

a. 简单明了：晦涩难懂的b. 简单明了：清晰易懂的c. 简单明了：模糊不清的练习题三：用适当的词组填空1. 她的演讲内容非常________，令人印象深刻。

2. 他对这个问题的________非常有帮助，让我豁然开朗。

3. 这个计划需要大家________，才能取得成功。

4. 她爱好读书，时间久了，积累了很多________。

5. 学习语言需要________，不能心急求成。

词语辨析题训练一、词义辨析1. 难看vs丑陋难看和丑陋都是形容外貌不美观的词语，但它们在程度上略有不同。

难看强调外貌不好看，而丑陋则更强调外貌丑恶，常伴随着丑陋的特征或态度。

例如：- 这幅画真难看，颜色搭配很奇怪。

- 他长相丑陋，使人不敢直视。

2. 快乐vs幸福快乐和幸福都是形容心情愉悦、满足的词语，但它们表达的角度有所不同。

快乐一般指短暂的、瞬间的愉悦情绪，而幸福则侧重于一种长期、内心的满足感。

例如：- 我看到他成功了，心里真快乐。

- 他与家人团聚，感到幸福无比。

3. 喜欢vs爱喜欢和爱都是形容情感向好的词语，但程度和内涵不同。

喜欢一般指对某人或某物有好感，而爱则表示更深的情感，往往伴随着无私和承诺等特征。

例如：- 我喜欢这部电影，每次看都能得到很多启发。

- 她深深地爱着他，愿意为他付出一切。

二、词性辨析1. 怕vs害怕怕和害怕都是动词，表示对某种事物或情况产生的恐惧感。

但它们的用法和语气上稍有差异。

怕语气较轻，害怕语气更重，表达的恐惧感更强烈。

例如：- 他怕黑，晚上不敢一个人出去。

- 小孩害怕雷电，总是躲到妈妈的怀里。

2. 能vs可能能和可能都是动词，表示某种事情有可能实现或发生。

但它们的用法和含义上略有不同。

能表达的是能力或可能性比较大，而可能则更侧重于表示可能性比较小或存在一定的不确定性。

例如：- 我相信他能成功，因为他很努力。

- 下雨的可能性很大，我们最好带上雨伞。

3. 看vs看见看和看见都是动词，表示使用视力观察事物。

但它们的用法和语气上略有区别。

看侧重于动作本身，强调有意识地观察，而看见则更强调看到某个具体的事物或情景。

例如：- 我正在看电视，没时间回答电话。

- 刚才我在街上看见了你，你为什么没有看到我呢？三、词形辨析1. 健康的vs健康健康的和健康都是表示身体状况良好的形容词，但它们在修饰名词时的用法有所不同。

健康的修饰名词时一般放在名词前，健康则一般作为表语或定语后置。

例如：- 我每天都吃健康的食物。

语文词义辨析试题答案及解析1.请你用“_____ ”画出不是同一类的词。

1、汉族民族苗族蒙古族维吾尔族2、京剧藏族越剧戏剧黄梅戏3、重阳节元宵节中秋节教师节端午节【答案】 1、民族 2、戏剧 3、教师节【解析】略2.选择适当的关联词语。

一个人（）要外表美，（）要心灵美。

A．因为……所以……B．不但……而且……C．即使……也……D．虽然……但是……【答案】B【解析】略3.选择适当的关联词语。

他们战天斗地，（）什么困难，（）被他们战胜了。

A．即使……也……B．无论……都……C．虽然……但是……D．如果……就……【答案】B【解析】略4.选择适当的关联词。

江涛（）刻苦学习，（）学习成绩一直保持优秀。

A．不但……而且……B．因为……所以……C．即使……也……D．如果……就……【答案】B【解析】略5.选择适当的关联词。

（）靠别人，（）靠自己。

A．与其……不如……B．虽然……但是……C．因为……所以……D．不但……而且……【答案】A【解析】6.选择适当的关联词。

（）这只是一个很小的错误，（）我们决不能忽略它。

A．因为……所以……B．即使……也……C．不但……而且……D．如果……就……【答案】B【解析】略7.选择适当的关联词。

（）平时刻苦学习，（）能提高学习成绩。

A．因为……所以……B．不但……而且……C．只要……就……D．虽然……但是……【答案】C【解析】略8.找家高手。

只要……就……无论……都……只有……才……如果……就……不管……总……（1）( )明天下暴雨，我们春游（）改期。

（2）( )天气再冷，我们（）坚持到学校上学。

（3）( )遇到什么困难，我们（）不会退缩。

（4）( )肯下功夫，（）没有解决不了的困难。

（5）( )不畏艰险的人，（）能攀上科学的高峰。

（6）( )我们走到世界的何方，我们（）不会忘记自己是中国人。

【答案】（1）如果……就……（2）即使……也……（3）无论……都……（4）只要……就……（5）只有……才……（6）不管……总……【解析】略9.选择适当的关联词语。

词义辨析1．保障/保证①资本主义的两党制不过是维护资产阶级专政的一种方法，它绝不能保障劳动人民的自由权利。

②该校采取各种措施，保证每一个教师有一定的时间进修业务，提高专业水平。

【辨析】“保障”强调保护（生命、财产、权力），使不受侵犯和破坏。

“保证”指担保，确保既定的要求标准，不打折扣。

2．包含/饱含①文章的这一段落包含着好几层意思。

②他的胸中饱含着对祖国大好河山的热爱。

【辨析】“包含”是事物本身所含有的意思。

“饱含”是充满的意思。

3．必须/必需①他们只用了一年多时间、四万多元资金，就添置了各种必需的设备，建起了一座小化工厂。

②我们必须把经济建设的任务提到首要地位。

【辨析】“必须”副词，表示事实上情理上必要；一定要。

在句子中作状语。

“必需”动词，一定要有，不可少。

在句子中可作谓语中心语、定语。

4．暴发/爆发①1919年爆发了震惊中外的“五四”运动。

②山洪暴发给人民生命财产造成了很大的损失。

【辨析】“暴发”是突然发作，如山洪暴发，可引申为发财得势之意，多含贬义；“暴发”不能带宾语。

“爆发”本指火山内部的岩浆突然冲破地壳，如火山爆发，可引申为力量、情绪忽然发作，事变突然发生；“爆发”可以带宾语。

5．摈弃/抛弃①摒弃旧观念，接受新思想。

②为了金钱，他抛弃了家庭，这种做法为人唾弃。

【辨析】“摈弃”有抛弃意，但多用于抽象。

“抛弃”多用于具体。

6．波及/涉及①对伊战争所耗费的大量军费开支必然波及美国经济的发展，继而引起全球经济的震荡。

②这起案件涉及好几个人。

【辨析】“波及”强调影响到，“涉及”强调关联到。

7．不止/不只①他恐怕不止六十岁了。

②水库不只要修，而且一定要修好。

【辨析】“不止”是超出一定数量或范围，动词。

“不只”是不但的意思，属连词，用在递进关系得复句中。

8．不齿/不耻①此人坏事做绝，为大家所不齿。

②他虽是著名学者,但却不耻于向别人讨教。

【辨析】“不齿”指不与同列（表示鄙视），如“人所不齿”。

“不耻”指不以之为羞耻。

动词词义辨析练习30例1. The thing that _______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.A. mattersB. caresC. considersD. minds2. He is very tired working all day. Don't _____him waiting outside in the rain any longer.A. continueB. leaveC. makeD. remain3. The girl _____ to be a good dancer if she is well trained in an art school.A. expectsB. allowsC. wishesD. promises4. He is a man of few words and it is hard to _____his thoughts.A. seeB. tellC. readD. say5. During the Olympic Games, journalists from all over the world came to _____the event.A. coverB. watchC. writeD. enjoy6. The storm died away at last with the golden wave _____the shore in peace.A. strikingB. hittingC. beatingD. knocking7. I don't know why the colors _____when I washed the coat.A. wentB. leftC. ranD. rushed8. When our English speaks English, I don't often _____him.A. followB. takeC. getD. see9. The theater is large enough to _____3000 people at least. Which is wrong?A. seatB. holdC. admitD. sit10. -Mum, it is nice weather. I want to skate this afternoon-Don't you think the ice on the lake is too thin to _____your weight.A. standB. catchC. bearD. take11. -Hello, may 1 speak to Mr. Black, please?-Sorry. He is out. Could I _____a message?A. giveB. write downC. takeD. leave12. -So you have to leave now.-Yes, I_______.-How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer!A. hadB. haveC. doD. would13. In his speech the headmaster________ to the great help the school received from the district government.A. expressedB. pointedC. explainedD. referred14. After hospitals buy expensive equipment, they must try to _________ the money they have spent.A. recoverB. reduceC. removeD. receive15. The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ________ their parents' silver wedding.A. welcomeB. congratulateC. memorizeD. celebrate16. -________ you be happy!-The same to you!A. WishB. HopeC. MayD. Should17. I had hoped to get to the meeting, but I found at the last minute that I couldn't _______ it.A. tryB. meetC. getD. make18. We trust you; only you can _______ him to give up smoking.A. suggestB. attractC. adviseD. persuade19. Though _______ in a big city Jim always prefers to paint the primitive（原始的）scenes of country life.A. raisedB. grownC. caredD. fed20 In that country, guests usually feel that they are not highly ________ if the invitation to a dinner party is given only three or four days before the party date.A. regardedB. thoughtC. admiredD. concerned21. Just after putting the baby onto bed, Mrs. White suddenly caught sight of the pet cat and didn't know how long it _____ on the table _____ for the family dinner.A. had been laying, lyingB. had been lying, laidC. had been laid, laidD. had lain, laying22. -Don't have yourself____ there. Come and help me.-Where would you like to have the table _____?A. sitting; laidB. sitting; lainC. seat; lyingD. sit; lain23. In case anyone looks for me, please tell them to _____word on my office-table.A. writeB. passC. leaveD. have24.--Where do you _____I go this evening?-- I think you'd better stay at home, instead of going anywhere.A. supposeB. suggestC. meanD. want25. Mr. Baker suggested a good way _____prices from_____.A. to stop, risingB. of stopping, being risenC. to stop, raisingD. stopped, being raised26. Professor Wang works in our city as a researcher. It will be two years since he _____here.A. leftB. stayedC. cameD. lived27. We can't ______the car. There ______something wrong with the engine.A. drive; must beB. start; must be.C. start; hasD. begin; must have28. Our dog _____we were in danger long before we did.A. sensedB. thoughtC. consideredD. expected29. In developing countries people are ____ into overcrowded cities in great numbers to hunt for fortunes.A. pouringB. fillingC. hurryingD. pushing30. He was wandering in the park, ______ his time watching the children playing.A. savingB. costingC. sparingD. killing答案与简析：1. A. matter"重要、要紧(=be important)"。

小学辨析词义专项训练在小学阶段，学生对词汇的掌握和运用是语文学习的重要部分。

辨析词义是提高学生语言理解能力的关键环节。

本专项训练旨在帮助学生通过比较、分析和实践，加深对同义词、反义词、近义词等词汇的理解，从而提升语言表达的准确性和丰富性。

一、同义词辨析同义词是指意义相近或相同的词。

在辨析同义词时，学生需要关注词义的微妙差别和使用场合。

练习一：选择最合适的同义词1. 快乐与欢乐：- 我今天非常（）。

- 节日的晚上，人们沉浸在（）之中。

练习二：填空- 他（）地接受了这个任务。

（乐意/愿意）二、反义词辨析反义词是指意义相反或相对的词。

辨析反义词有助于学生理解词义的对立关系。

练习一：写出下列词的反义词- 高：（）- 快乐：（）练习二：反义词填空- 这个房间很（），外面很冷。

（温暖）三、近义词辨析近义词是指意义相近但不完全相同的词。

辨析近义词时，要注意词义的侧重点和使用环境。

练习一：选择最合适的近义词- 聪明与智慧：- 他是一个（）的孩子。

练习二：近义词填空- 这个问题很（），需要仔细思考。

（复杂/困难）四、多义词辨析多义词是指具有两个或两个以上意义的词。

辨析多义词需要学生根据上下文判断词义。

练习一：根据上下文选择正确的词义- 他把书放在桌子上。

（放：放置/放弃）练习二：多义词填空- 他（）了这个机会。

（错过/失去）五、易混淆词辨析易混淆词是指在发音或拼写上容易混淆的词。

辨析这类词需要学生注意词的发音和拼写特点。

练习一：区分易混淆词- 站（zhan4）与占（zhan4）：- 请在（）上排队。

（）练习二：易混淆词填空- 他（）了第一名。

（赢得/赢利）六、词义扩展训练词义扩展是指词义在特定语境下的发展和变化。

通过词义扩展训练，学生可以更灵活地运用词汇。

练习一：词义扩展填空- 他（）了这个问题。

（解决/处理）练习二：根据语境选择词义- 他（）了这个项目。

（完成/结束）七、综合应用综合应用训练要求学生将所学知识运用到实际语境中，提高语言运用能力。

单词词义辨析练习题一、以下是一些常见的单词词义辨析练习题。

请在每题中选择最适合填入空白处的单词，并解释该单词的具体词义。

1. Because of his poor time management skills, John was often ______for his tardiness and missed appointments.A. condemnedB. blamedC. criticizedD. accused答案：B. blamed解释："Blamed"表示指责或归咎于某人，符合句子中描述的情况。

2. The detective gathered a lot of _______ evidence to prove thesuspect's guilt.A. definiteB. concreteC. conclusiveD. convincing答案：C. conclusive解释："Conclusive"指的是能够得出最终结论的证据，适用于句子中描述的情境。

3. Sarah's loud and persistent cough during the movie _______ the entire audience.A. interruptedB. disturbedC. annoyedD. bothered答案：C. annoyed解释："Annoyed"表示对某事感到不悦或恼怒，因此符合句子中描述的情况。

4. The politician's speech was filled with ________ promises, but lacked any realistic plans for implementation.A. emptyB. hollowC. falseD. deceptive答案：A. empty解释："Empty"表示空洞的、没有实际内容的，符合句子中对政治家演讲的描述。

一、词语辨析1. Smoking should be ____ in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. （2011）A. bannedB. specifiedC. passedD. preserved2. Some diseases are ____ by certain water animals. （2011）A. transportedB. transmittedC. transformedD. transplanted3. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ____ of cheating customers. （2011）A. accusedB. chargedC. scoldedD. cursed4. Needless to say, he ____ his good looks and sense of humor from his mother. （2011）A. inheritedB. carriedC. inhibitedD. resembled5. Your idea seems to be good but it isn’t _______. （2010）A. practicalB. possibleC. plentifulD. precious6. The manager lost his _______ just because his secretary was ten minutes late. （2010）A. moodB. temperC. mindD. passion7. The new building _______ all the other buildings in the town. （2010）A. dwarfsB. distortsC. desertsD. Depresses8. It is impossible for so _______ workers to do so _______ work in a single day. （2010）A. few… muchB. few… manyC. little… muchD. little… many9. On his way to the airport, it _______ to him that he had forgotten to take his passport. （2010）A. happenedB. occurredC. reflectedD. took place10. The information technology has greatly _______ people’s life. （2010）A. affectedB. effectC. impactD. infected11. He never _______ to his customers in his business except occasionally for somespecial reasons. This time he cut the price by half, which really shocked me.（2010）A. leakedB. drewC. quotedD. yielded12. I was so________ the night before my examination that I could not sleep. （2009）A. worryingB. tiredC. happyD. nervous13. The old couple decided to________ a boy though they had three of their own. （2009）A. adaptB. bringC. receiveD. adopt14. The population of the world is growing at a dangerous________. （2009）A. paceB. measureC. progressD. rate15. Alice trusts you; only you can________ her to give up the foolish idea. （2009）A. suggestB. attractC. temptD. persuade16. When Mary paid the bill she was given a ________ for her money. （2009）A. chequeB. receiptC. ticketD. label17. Little John caught a ________fish this morning. （2009）A. aliveB. aloneC. lonelyD. living18. I took the medicine, but it didn’t have any________ on me. （2009）A. effectB. relationC. touchD. affect19. The age of the students in this class________ from eighteen to twenty. （2009）A. changesB. rangesC. altersD. limits20. He ________ a knowledge of this language by careful study. （2009）A. acquiredB. requiredC. inquiredD. requested21. We develop trade with that company for our shared________. （2009）A. honourB. rewardC. benefitD. prize22. If you take this medicine twice a day, it should ________ your cold. （2009）A. healB. cureC. treatD. recover23. He’ll never succeed in passing the CET-6, _________ hard he tries. （2009）A. howeverB. whateverC. despiteD. though24. Children who are overprotected by their parents may become_________. （2009）A. hurtB. spoiledC. damagedD. harmed25. Your brother is very tall. What is his exact________? （2009）A. sizeB. lengthC. heightD. breadth二、词组辨析和固定搭配1. Eating too much fat can ____ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. （2011）A. attribute toB. contribute toC. attend toD. devote to2. I don’t think it will rain, but I’ll t ake an umbrella ____ it does. （2011）A. as ifB. in caseC. as thoughD. even if3. He will pass two milestones ____, that is, he will receive his master’s degree andfind a challenging job. （2011）A. long agoB. not long agoC. before longD. long before4. They have ___most carefully the time and the materials needed to complete project. （2011）A. picked outB. left outC. taken outD. figured out5. The fire must have _______ after the shop was closed. （2010）A. broken outB. broken downC. broken inD. broken through6. He is_______ join the army. （2010）A. too young toB. enough young toC. very young toD. young enough to7. The Internet has brought _______ big changes in the way we work. （2010）A. aboutB. outC. backD. up8. He is a man who is always _______ fault with other people. （2010）A. puttingB. seekingC. findingD. looking for9. The factory had to _______ a number of employees because of the economic crisisin the country. （2010）A. lay outB. lay offC. lay asideD. lay down10. Ten days ago the young man _______ his boss _______ his intention to resign. （2010）A. informed … ofB. informed … onC. informed … inD. informed … to11. Having a good command of English is _______ an easy thing. （2010）A. by all meansB. by any meansC. by every meansD. by no means12. Undergraduate students _______ the rare books in the school library. （2010）A. have access forB. keep access inC. keep access onD. have access to13. Whether you learn or not is entirely ________ you. （2009）A. up toB. as toC. about toD. due to14. You must walk slowly if you want the children to________you. （2009）A. put up withB. come up withC. keep up withD. go on with15. It would be ________ a risk to let the child go to school by himself. （2009）A. followingB. passingC. runningD. carrying16. We object________ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault. （2009）A. againstB. aboutC. toD. for17. Her face is_________ to me, but I can’t remember where I saw her. （2009）A. similarB. friendlyC. alikeD. familiar18. You’ll have to book the tickets for the holiday in_________. （2009）A. frontB. advanceC. aheadD. forward19. Kids are very curious_________. （2009）A. at heartB. in personC. by natureD. on purpose20. When they had finished playing, the children were made to all the toysthey had taken out. （2008）A. put offB. put upC. put outD. put away。