外研版高中英语必修4 语法专项提升：虚拟语气43页PPT

If I won the lottery, I would/ could/ should/ might …
If I won the lottery, I could travel around the world.
If I were a boy, I would/ could/ should/ might…
(2) If you had____f_o_ll_o_wed_____(follow)my advice, you wo___u_ld__o_v_e_r_c_o_me___
(overcome) all the difficulties now.
(3) If the weather had____been_____(be) finer, the crops would be growing
？
• He walks as if he were drunk.
• If only I were a bird!
what if...
要是...怎么办
If only...
要是...就好了
as if/ though... 好像...
• If only we had followed your advice!
什么是虚拟语气？
假如我是一个男孩, 我就能明白爱上一个女孩是多么美妙。
英语动词的三种语气： 祈使语气、 陈述语气和虚拟语气 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望
、 怀疑或推测。
是不是if引导的条件句都要用虚拟语气？
什么时候用虚拟语气？
√ × √
？
？
？
什么时候用虚拟语气？
当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性_极___小____ ，就用虚拟语气； 当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性_较____大___， 不用虚拟语气。

【补充】混合虚拟式，或交错虚拟式：有时，从句 的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作 不一致，这时就要使用混合虚拟式。
* If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.
* If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
一.考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
真题举例及分析
例1: Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she____ much better results now.（ 2008:52）
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
3.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道 相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2 题，总计有24题。
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烧伤病人 的治疗 通常是 取烧伤 病人的 健康皮 肤进行 自体移 植，但 对于大 面积烧 伤病人 来讲， 健康皮 肤很有 限，请 同学们 想一想 如何来 治疗该 病人
二. 考点分类 - 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
Examples: If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught
the train. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have

与将来情况可能相反
条件句：
（1） 过去式（be要使用 were）
•
（2） were to do
•
（3）should do
• 主句：
• Would(should,could,might）
+do
•If she came here tomorrow, she might tell me what has happened to her.
C. Had D. Should
Thank you very much!
例句：
•1. It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
•2. It is strange that he (should) say so.
•3. It is necessary that every member remember these rules.
•4. It is a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
练习
1. I _______ try it again if I_______you. A. will； am B. should； am C. would； were D. would； had been
9. I suggest that someone else ____ to her instead of me. A. talking B. talks C. talked D. talk
10. It was a lovely day yesterday; I wish I ____at the seaside with you then. A. was B. shouldbe C. should have been D. had been

ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
与现在 从 句 did,were, V-ed 事实相反 主 句 would(should,could,might)+v.
与过去 事实相反
从 句 had+V-ed/been 主 句 would(should,could, might)
+ have+v-ed
对未来的 从 句 were to/should+ v 虚拟推测 主 句 would(should,could,might)+v.
--I don’t think he should have done the favor for you. 我觉得他是不会帮你忙的。
1.3. 虚拟语气用于主语从句
1.3.1.
句型
1.表达虚拟语气的主语从句的一般形式为：
It is/was +引起虚拟语气的形容词或过去分 词+含虚拟语气的主语从句
但愿你没有那样说。
2.如果表示对将来的愿望，从句谓语动词 用 “would (could, might )+动词原形” 的形式。
--I wish you would do the favor for me. 但愿你会帮我这个忙。
--I wish I could speak several languages. 但愿我会说好几种语言。
1.2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1.2.1.句型“…wish that…”
在wish后的that宾语从句中： 1.如果表示对现在的愿望，从句谓语要使用过去
时: （1）从句谓语动词如果是be，则用were形式。 （2）从句谓语动词如果是行为动词，则用过去
时形式。 --I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只鸟儿。 --I wish you didn’t talk like that.

D not to play loud music
用于wish后的宾语从句中
• 对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时， 宾语从句的谓语用：would(could, might)+动词原形。
• 例：I wish he would try again.
I wish I could be of some use.
• Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.
例：
• 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干 的。
• Were you in my position, you would do the same.
• 要是他早点来的话，他就会见到她了。 • Had he come earlier, he would have
B were to get
C had got
D could have got
• 从句省略if ，用倒装句式were,had, should + 主语。
• Were I in school again, I would work harder.
• Had you seen here earlier, you would have seen him.
Exercises
It is vital that enough money____ to fund the project.
A be collected B must be collected C is collected D can be collected
It is recommended that the project____until all the preparations have been made.

help. (浙江2014)
A. would have come B. could come
C. have come
D. had come
A
Байду номын сангаас2021/10/10
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9. If I _____ it with my own eyes, I
wouldn’t
have
D believed
it.
(北京2015)
1. 在if条件句中的用法
Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had
B. had had
C. have
D. had
D
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2. 特殊用法
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★动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句中谓语用过去式；表示与过去事实相反时， 从句中谓语用“had+过去分词”；表示将来很难实现的愿望时，从句中谓语用“would / could / might+动词原形”。如：
How I wish I was there with you. I wish I hadn’t lost the chance. I wish he would / could / might go with us to the theatre.
worlAd. (福建2014)
A. Were there B. Had there been
C. If there are D. If there have been

进行虚拟时,主句和if从句的谓语动词形式 如下: 1.与现在事实相反时,其表现形式为: if+主语+v-ed,主语+would(或might, could,
should)+v.
Eg: If we left now,we should arrive on time.
If I were you,I would refuse the money.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示所说的话 只是一种主观的愿望,假想和建议等. 1.虚拟语气的形式
2.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用
3.虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用
4.小练习
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用
Ⅰ if条件句的虚拟语气 if的非真实条件从句对现在,过去,将来的事实
• 3.副词,如：otherwise等。
• Eg: We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
• 4.比较等级。
• Eg: (1)A more careful person wouldn’t have made so many mistakes.
• 如果说话人所表示的不是假设的情况， 而是一种可能的事实，as if引导的表语 从句中的谓语动词使用陈述语气。
• Eg :It looks as if it is going to rain.
• 在主句的谓语动词为过去时的情况下， 往往无法从语法形式上辨别表语从句的 谓语动词是虚拟还是陈述语气，因为此 时两者的形式是相同的。
用虚拟语气。
•
suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”

marry you some day.
= Were we alive ,I would marry you some day. = Should we be alive , I would marry you some day.
3.1) If I hadn't won theeen on
6. “might+have+done”用于虚拟语气结构 译成“过去本应该” 7. “would+have+done”用于虚拟语气结构， 译成“本来会做”。 8. “_______/ ________+have+done” 译成“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” 9.“_________+have+done” 译成“本来需要做某事而没有做” 10. “__________+have+done” 译成“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 11.“_________／_________ have done” 译成 “表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了”。
would/could/ should/might +do
past had done
would/could/should/ might +have done
future
1.did (were) 2.should+do 3. were to do
would/could/ should/might +do
now
If only I _h_a_d__s_e_e__n_(see) the film
yesterday!
As if
1.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________.

1.1.6.含蓄条件句
英语中有些句子从形式上看不包 含条件从句，但在意义上却是非 真实条件句，这类句子称为含蓄 条件句，这样的句子可分为三类
高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气(共49 张PPT)
高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气(共49 张PPT)
1.省略整个条件句 --Such mistakes could have been avoided. (省略了if we had been more careful). 这样的错误本来是能够避免的。 --I should have caught the train. (省略了 if I had left a little earlier) 我本应该赶上火车的。
这类非真实条件句表示过去未 发生的事情，和过去事实相反。 比如：
- - If I had left a little earlier ,I would have caught the train. 如 果我早一点离开的话，我就会赶上 火车了。
--The man’s life might have been saved if he had been sent to a better hospital.
如果她听从医生建议的话，现在也就 不会住院了。
高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气(共49 张PPT)
高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气(共49 张PPT)
--Tom would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance examination.
高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气(共49 张PPT)
这类非真实条件句表示对未来事情的虚拟推测。 --If I were to/should do it ,I would do it in a

It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off.
iii. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词 之后的宾语从句中，可以用 “should + 动词原形（should可以省略）”形式做 谓语。 这类动词有：advise, ask, beg, determine, require, suggest, request, demand, urge, propose, command, desire, insist, prefer, order, pray, recommend 等等
e.g. It is advisable that a general announcement be made to the staff. 最好给全体人员发个通知。
需要给这台机器加润滑油了。
It is required that the machine (should) be oiled. 已决定推迟会议。
She looks as if she were sick. (实际上没有病）
She looks as if she is sick. (实际上可能或的确是病了）
ii.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
在“It is + 某些形容词（或过去分词）+主语 从句”的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式用 “should + 动词原形 （should可以省略）”。
iv. 虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句
中的应用
在demand, motion, idea, proposal, suggestion, order, recommendation, requirement, decision, advice等表提议、 要求、命令等名词之后的表语从句、同 位语从句中，谓语动词可用“should + 动词原形 （should可以省略) ”形式。

2. If only （要是．．．该有多好啊)表示现在 的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过 去完成时态
*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
If only I knew the answer!
If only I had seen the film yesterday!
If only பைடு நூலகம்he would go with me!
如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．
had followed
If you ___________(follow)my advice ,
would be you ___________(be)better now.
如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．
２．省略句 在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒
If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.
More practice: 如果我是你，我就会努力学习． If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了． If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.
b. If you _h_a_d__g_o_t (get) up earlier, you w__o_u_ld__h_a_v_e__ca_u__g_h_t (catch) the first train.
PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks
a. If there s_h_o_u_l_d__b_e (be) no natural resource any more, we s_h_o_u_l_d__m_a_k_e_ (make) use of nuclear power .

a. should come; would
b. would come; would
c. will come; should
d. comes; should
2. If the parents ____ at the hospital earlier after the accident, the
child would have been saved.
真实 非真实
二.命题规律
在阅读,完形和语法填空中对其进行隐形考查. 多结合情态动词的考查进行.
一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
条件状语从句
与现在事实相反 动词过去式(did) (be动词一律用were)
主句
would should could +动词原形 might
与将来事实相反
a. did
b. should do c. were to do(正式)
“If I could… ,I would…. ” or
“If I were …,I would….”
二. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 (主，宾，表，同位）
1.宾语从句 a. wish+宾语从句，表示很难实现的愿望
现在 过去 将来
过去式（be动词用were)
过去完成时，或could/would +have done could/would +动词原形
Answers: 1.If I were you, I would study hard.
=Were I you, I would study hard.
2.If he failed/should fail his exam tomorrow, his father would get angry. =Should he fail his exam tomorrow, his father would get angry.

• insist/ order/ command/ suggest/ propose/ advise/ demand/ require/ request
• insistence/ order/ command/ suggestion/ proposal/ advice/ demand/ requirement/ request/ decision
4. He gave orders that the homework____.
A. is handed in
B. was handed in
C. be handed in D. were handed in
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5. It is necessary that a good worker ____ his work on time.
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虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood)
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虚拟语气用来描述与客观事实相 反的情况或者不太可能发生的情况， 也可以表示说话人的主观愿望或假想。
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第一类（时态变化）
• 与过去事实相反
• had done
• 与现在事实相反
• did / were
C. is circling
D. be circling
4. I’d rather you ____ at home now.
A. stay
B. stayed
C. should stay
D. had stayed
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5. I’d rather you ____ again next weekend.