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语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）To swim/swimming in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式/动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
高考英语句子成分知识讲解1.主语（subject）句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或主语从句等担任（请看下表）Professor Wang is a well－known scholar. （名词）I read newspaper every day. （代词）Three plus six is nine. （数词）To become a professor has been his ambition.（不定式）Smoking is harmful to health. （动名词）What we shall do next is not yet decided.（主语从句）2.谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作和状态通常由动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词+主要动词）担任，其位置在主语之后（请看下表）His mother is a doctor. （系动词）He smiled. （不及物动词）We played basketball yesterday. （及物动词）China has entered a great new era. （助动词+主要动词）You mustn't drive after drinking. （情态动词+主要动词）Tips：动词分类：实义动词（及物动词+不及物动词）、连系动词、助动词、情态动词划重点正确的所有英文句子，永远一定有且只有一个主谓语成分，谓语一定永远存在。
因此，当分析长难句时，一定先要找到句子的主要谓语动词部分，再划分其他句子结构。
例：① She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.分析：句子主干：she found that...（found是谓语动词，that引导宾语从句：从句里面的谓语是did and were likely to...并列结构）翻译：她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。
句⼦成分定语从句名词性从句状语从句详解句⼦成分⼀．动词基本分类：1.实义动词包括及物（vt）和不及物(vi)vt 直接带宾语He likes English. V i 不需带宾语Did he come yesterday? 若要带宾语中间需加介词He arrived at the airport .2. 连系动词如：be/ look/sound/keep/taste/smell/taste/seem/become/turn/remain (依然)…3. 助动词：本⾝⽆意义，要与实义动词组成谓语。
如：do/does/will/would/have/hasHe has gone to Beijing. He will leave for Beijing.4情态动词：can/could/ may/might…⼆．副词⼀般修饰动词/形容词/副词基本分类：1 时间副词now/ago/once/already…2 地点副词here/downstairs/back /outside/ off…3 ⽅式副词carefully/fast/suddenly…4 程度副词almost/very/so/much/deeply…5 频度副词always/ usually/sometimes…三．句⼦成分：构成句⼦的各个部分。
A．主语- 可由以下表⽰：1．名词：American music has become more and more popular.2．代词：Who is the man standing over there?3．数词：One-third of the students are girls.4．不定式：To swim in the river is a great pleasure.= It is a great pleasure to swim in the river (It 是形式主语) 5．动名词：Smoking does harm to the health.6．从句：When we are going to have the test is clear.B. 谓语在句中⼀般由动词充当1.He practices running every morning.2.He has caught a cold.3.We may keep the book for two weeks.C. 表语⼀般位于系动词之后可由以下表⽰：1．代词：Is it yours/ It is mine.2．形容词：The weather has turned cold.3．分词：The teacher is pleased with my work.4．不定式：His job is to teach English.5．动名词：His hobby is playing football.D. 宾语⼀般位于Vt 或介词之后可由以下表⽰：1．名词：He is going to buy a dictionary.2．代词：We should learn from him.3．不定式：He decided not to see me.4．动名词：He practices running every morning.分类：分为直接宾语（动作的承受者，通常指物）和间接宾语（动作所向的⼈或物，通常指⼈）He sent me a present.=He sent a present to me. (me 间宾/ a present 直宾)He bought her a map= He bought a map for her.有些Vt 如：make/have/get/let/find/call/see/notice/hear/watch除了跟有⼀个宾语外，还要有⼀个宾语补⾜语来说明宾语的状态才能使句⼦完整。
高中英语句子成分及练习在高中英语的学习中，理解句子成分是非常重要的一环。
它就像是搭建英语语言大厦的基石，只有掌握了句子成分，我们才能准确地理解和运用英语。
一、句子成分的概述句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
主语是句子所要说的人或事物，通常是一个名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或从句。
比如，“The book is interesting” （这本书很有趣。
）中，“The book”就是主语。
谓语则是说明主语的动作或状态，一般由动词充当。
像“ He studies hard ”（他学习努力。
）里的“studies”就是谓语。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
比如在“ She likes music ”（她喜欢音乐。
）中，“music”就是宾语。
表语是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态等，通常位于系动词之后。
例如“ He is a teacher ”（他是一位老师。
）中，“a teacher”就是表语。
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。
“The beautiful girl is my sister ”（那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。
）里，“beautiful”就是定语。
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
“He runs fast ”（他跑得很快。
）中的“fast”就是状语。
补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
“We make him happy ”（我们使他高兴。
）中的“happy”就是补语。
二、主语主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词、短语或从句等来充当。
名词作主语：“Books are our friends ”（书是我们的朋友。
）代词作主语：“They are playing football ”（他们正在踢足球。
）数词作主语：“Two is not enough ”（两个是不够的。
）动名词作主语：“Swimming is good for health ”（游泳对健康有益。
高考英语语法基础---句子种类分类一.句子种类（按照用途分类）1.陈述句2.祈使句3.感叹句4.疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。
）具体知识：1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
它包括肯定句（The Affirmative Sentence）和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。
陈述句在书写时句末用句号，在朗读时用降调。
陈述句的五种基本句型：(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.2. 祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。
因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。
祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。
在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3. 感叹句感叹句的基本构成形式1）．What(＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！2）．How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！3）．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！You can't imagine how crucial a role the pigeons played in the battlefields.你无法想象在过去的战场山鸽子发挥了多么重要的作用。
高考英语语法基础---句子种类分类一.句子种类（按照用途分类）1.陈述句2.祈使句3.感叹句4.疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。
）具体知识：1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
它包括肯定句（The Affirmative Sentence）和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。
陈述句在书写时句末用句号，在朗读时用降调。
陈述句的五种基本句型：(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.2. 祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。
因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。
祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。
在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3. 感叹句感叹句的基本构成形式1）．What(＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！2）．How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！3）．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！You can't imagine how crucial a role the pigeons played in the battlefields.你无法想象在过去的战场山鸽子发挥了多么重要的作用。
十一、句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的，主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是“什么人”，或”什么事“，如“我写字”中的“我”，做出写字这个动作。
“写”则是谓语，“字”是宾语，是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，因此是宾语。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
)（比较好看，避免头重脚轻）(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。
)/ (It) doesn’t matter.((那)没有关系。
) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。
)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。
第三节句子概述一、句子的特征：句子是含有主语和谓语的有一定意义的一组词。
1、句子必须具有完整的意义、一定的句型结构和一定的语调。
2、句子末尾必须有句子结束的标志：包括句号“.”（不是“。
”）问号“?”或感叹号“!”3、句子开头的第一个字母必须大写。
（专有名词在任何位置都大写）4、完整句子之间不用逗号间隔。
并列句用连词连接两个（或以上）句子，用逗号也必须加连词，或用“;”分开；复合句中名词性从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号；非限制性定语从句用逗号分开，限制性定语从句不用；状语从句中从句在主句前，一般用逗号分开，从句在后，一般不用标点符号。
二、句子成分英语中句子有七种句子成分：1、主语（subject）是句子中所要说的人或事物，是句子的主要成分，不可缺少，位于句首。
The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. (名词作主语)He sent me an E-mail last Friday. (代词作主语)It is a rule for my mother to go shopping on Sundays. (不定式短语作主语)Reading the texts aloud is especially important for Senior Three students. (动名词短语作主语)What the teacher said is very funny. (从句作主语)2、谓语是说明主语的动作或状态，是句子的主要成分，不可缺少，在主语之后。
They said nothing, looking coldly at the teacher in charge of the class. (及物动词作谓语)Classes begin at seven today, we must get up quickly. (不及物动词作谓语)We don’t have classes at weekends after reducing learning load. (助动词+ 动词作谓语)I was really anxious. You shouldn’t have left without a word. (情态动词+ 动词作谓语)The leaves have turned yellow in autumn. (联系动词+ 表语作谓语)3、表语用在联系动词的后面，表示主语的身份、性质和特征，位于联系动词之后。
Walt Disney was a famous cartoon-maker. （名词作表语）The days in summer are getting hotter and hotter these years. (形容词作表语)The computer in the room is hers. (代词作表语)My greatest wish is to enter Qinghua University. (不定式短语作表语)Her job is looking after the babies. （动名词短语作表语）The audience was moved by the moving play. (分词作表语)This is what I want to say. (从句作表语)4、宾语是及物动词涉及的对象，介词后面的对象也是宾语，称为介词宾语。
宾语在及物动词或介词后面。
John doesn’t like football but he likes music very much. （名词作宾语）We’ve worked out a plan. But I’m uncertain whether it will do in practice. （名词作介词的宾语）Tom is a kind man. He is always ready to help others. （代词作宾语）Stop reading and read after me, please. (动名词作宾语)I succeeded in persuading the teacher to give me a day off. (动名词短语作介词的宾语)Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room. (不定式短语作宾语)The doctor did what he could to save the dying patient. (从句作宾语)5、定语修饰或限制名词或代词。
单词作定语，一般放在被修饰的词语之前；短语或从句作定语，一般放在修饰语之后。
Grammar is not a set of dead rules. （形容词作定语）It is a coffee cup. （名词作定语）Our teacher’s hair has turned grey. （名词所有格作定语）My students corrected each other’s mistakes in their classroom. (代词作定语)Be quiet, boys and girls! I have something important to tell you. （不定式短语作定语）There is a sleeping chair before the window. （动名词作定语）I saw a sleeping baby in the room. There is a broken glass beside the bed. (分词作定语)The workers working in the department will go on holiday. (分词短语作定语)There are fifty-six students in our class. (数词作定语)The woman with a book in his hand is our English teacher. （with的复合结构作定语）The man to whom you spoke is my neighbour. （从句作定语）6、状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
状语的位置比较灵活，修饰形容词或副词的状语一般放在被修饰的词之前（enough除外），修饰动词一般置于实意动词之前、联系动词之后、复合谓语中第一个动词之后，若有宾语，一般放在宾语之后。
Our monitor studies hard. （副词作状语）They started early (in order) to get to the station on time. （不定式短语作目的状语）To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil. （目的状语放在句首更好）The old man lived to see the rapid development of our country. (不定式短语作结果状语)I don’t know what to do next. (不定式的复合结构作状语)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. （过去分词短语作状语）Looking out of the window, I saw many birds flying in the sky. (现在分词短语作状语)Mr Brown slept with the windows open. (with的复合结构作状语)We’ll go outing if it is fine tomorrow. （从句作状语）7、宾语补足语补充说明宾语，使句子意思更加完整。
当句子变成被动语态时则称为主语补足语。
宾语补足语一般置于宾语之后。
Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. （名词作宾补）What he said made his father happy. （形容词作宾补）I asked Jim to attend my birthday party. （不定式短语作宾补）He made me do the work all by myself. (省略to的不定式短语作宾补)Don’t have the horse running all the way. (现在分词作宾补)I’ll go and get the chair repaired. (过去分词作宾补)第二章简单句的六种基本句型第一节主语（S）+ 谓语(V)一、主谓结构：由S + Vi .构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如，The sun rises.主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.二、用S + Vi. 结构连词成句。
1．the Gulf War, in, break out, August, 1992.2．well, the book, sell.3．the foreign guest, tomorrow, leave.4．get up, Li Liang, every, day, at, six, this year.5．I, can, swim, well, at the age of seven.三、用S + Vi. 结构扩写句子（至少写出三个句子）。
Model: He works. He works in the shop where I used to work every day.1.Peter arrived.____________________________________________________________2.He dances.____________________________________________________________3.An old lady was walking.____________________________________________________________4.The boy will work hard.____________________________________________________________5.She cried.____________________________________________________________四、用S + Vi.结构翻译下列句子。
