清华大学英语水平考试大纲介绍

2024年英语一考研大纲
2024年英语一考研大纲是为了选拔具备良好英语综合能力的考生，以进入
研究生阶段学习深造而制定的。

本次考试涉及英语听力、阅读、翻译和写作四个方面的能力测试，以全面评估考生的英语水平。

具体考试要求如下：
1. 听力测试要求：考生需具备较好的听力理解能力，能听懂日常生活中的英语对话和讲座；能理解英语新闻、广播等实际应用场景中的语言表达。

2. 阅读理解要求：考生需能够理解各类英语文章，包括研究论文、新闻报道、广告等，并能够通过分析、判断、推理等手段获取文章中的信息。

3. 翻译要求：考生需能够将英语资料准确翻译成中文，并能够将中文资料翻译成英文，同时要求译文的流畅性和准确性。

4. 写作要求：考生需能够用英语撰写各类文章，包括议论文、说明文、应用文等，并要求文章的结构清晰、语言流畅、逻辑严密。

总的来说，2024年英语一考研大纲旨在全面考察考生的英语水平，要求考
生具备扎实的英语基础和良好的语言运用能力。

清华大学2012年暑期学校学业水平测试试题分)Part A:完型填空（30分）When we are talking about rights, and whether or not animals have, or should havevote, and neither can a horse, so (2) rights can not be given to animals. Sure, animals are all intelligent in their own (3) , but not in the sense that they can read two sides of an (4) and base their own opinion on them.(5) ,all animals including humans, feel pain and emotional distress, and should have the right to be free from these forms of pain. Human beings have, overtime, come to (6) the old ways of distinguishing one human from another. Be it from race, gender or sexual orientation. Humans all have the same rights, just for being human. So why are animals any different?The pain they feel is no different from our own. They all have central nervous systems and brains, as well as blood that (7) through their bodies, and thoughts that run through their minds.It has been said that animals shouldn’t have rights because they aren’t intelligent like humans. They can’t tell us when they are sad, or hungry, or in pain. They can’t write a letter, and they can’t count.If you base your theory of giving rights to a creature on these (8) , then a new born baby should have no rights, and neither should a (9) handicapped adult. But they are given the same rights as any other person, because they are human.So, in saying that, it (10) that you can’t have rights unless you are human. But (11) , humans are animals themselves. We are built the same way, and we work the same way, we just have overactive brains which cause us to expand ourselves (12) what we are born with. We are lucky in that (13) ,but in others, we have lost sight of what really matters, and what rights are all about, and essentially (14) for.Humans have the right to a fair trial, animals do not. If a human kills another human, they are welcomed to state their side of the story, plead their (15) , and fight for their own survival (in (16) of the death penalty). If an animal kill a human, they have no rights. It’s an eye (17) an eye, in many cases. Sure, they can no defend themselves, butany scientist can tell you that an animal doesn’t kill for pleasure, or revenge, as animals don’t possess these (18) . Yet, they are killed anyway.Just because we CAN give ourselves the right to dictate what happens to every living creature on the (19) , it doesn’t mean that we should. Animals deserve the right to live, and be free and happy as much as any human does. They are not below us, they are beside us, and deserve to be treated (2) .1.A) with B) at C)to ; D) for2.A) personal B) intellectual C)individual D) actual3.A) approaches B)ways C) methods D)strategies4.A) argument B)exchange C)attitude D)object5.A) Therefore B)Moreover C)Meanwhile D)However6.A)dismiss B) reduce C)separate D) destroy7.A)comes B)flows C)progresses D)advance8.A)causes B)characters C)circumstances D)effects9.A)physically B)bodily C)spiritually D)mentally10.A) understands B)thinks C)infers D)stands11.A) hopefully B)presently C)essentially D)necessarily12.A)for B) beyond C)to D)in13.A)sense B) meaning C)definition D)reality14.A) directed B)introduced C) manufactured D)designed15.A)crime B)killing C)innocence D)defense16.A)matters B)cases C) conditions D)ways17.A) for B)to C)with D) against18.A) reasons B)advantages C)merits D)qualities19.A)space B)universe C)planet D)world20.A)as such B)at length C)in earnest D) so muchPart B将问题中A~F中的句子填在21~25,所在空格中。

综合练习（历次水平II试题精选）Part One Listening ComprehensionSection IDirections: In this section you will hear two students, Frank and Theresa, discussing a survey they have to write as an assignment. Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below which what you hear. Notes about Frank’s survey:Topic: ________________________________ Typical examples of violent programs: ______________________________________________ People’s sug gestions: ____________________________________________________________ People’s reactions to violence on news broadcast: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A possible problem with this survey: ________________________________________________ The advantage of the survey: _______________________________________________________ Section TwoDirections: In this section you will listen to some news program. Below are the summaries of the news items. Listen to the recording and fill in the missing words to complete the new summaries. 1.An orangutan stopped the traffic outside _________ . It took a keep from the zoo ________ minutes to get downtown because of the traffic. The animal showed no interest in ________ but responded when the keeper ________ to it. It held the keeper’s _______ as they got into the car.2.A new method for teaching singing has been developed. Most singers are unaware of how they ______________________. By wearing a ______________ over your head while you sing, you can hear your voice the way _____________ hear you. This can help you _________ your singing. 3.This year there are _______ contestants in theSunsetBeachsandcastle ________--aged from 8 to ____ . The two favorites are Greg Wallace (who has won three times before), with his _______ castle, and newcomer David Bradley, with his Star Wars __________. Section ThreeIn this section, you hear four telephone messages. What is each message about? When you hear e ach message, you should write in English the main information. Some callers’ names are: Alberto, Janine Ellis, and Jim Saunders. You will hear the recording only once. Telephone message 1: _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________. Telephone message 2: _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________. Telephone message 3: _________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Telephone message 4:__________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________. Part Two T ranslationTranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. Write your translation clearly in the spaces provided below. What’s in a name? For thousands of years, humanity has classified the living thins of this world in much the same fashion; by their appearance. If it looks like a duck, walks and quacks like a duck, then it is a duck. But tackling millions of species in this way has proven to be a recipe for confusion. As scientists have found to their cost, what looks like a duck may in fact be a goose.  More recently, genetic techniques have been applied, particularly for distinguishing the more difficult-to-identity species such as viruses and bacteria by comparing pieces of DNA. Might this approach be more generally applicable? Paul Hebert and his colleagues inCanadathink it might be. Just as barcodes and the “universal product code” numbering scheme uniquely identify different items at a supermarket checkout, they suggest that some stretches of DNA could perform a similar function in living things. In a paper just published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, they discuss how long such a genetic barcode needs to be, and where it might be found.  A universal product code found on the high street consists of a string of 11 digits, each of which is one of ten numerals, providing 100 billion unique combinations. Genetic material, however, uses a quaternary, rather than a denary, coding system. In theory, it would only be necessary to sample 15 of those letters to create one billion unique codes.  In practice, however, the characteristics of DNA mean that 15 letters are not enough. Unlike the arbitrary numbers of a universal product code, the letters of DNA are not random, because they code for something that a biological meaning. Part Three WritingDirections: Boshi Electronic (China) Co., Ltd. Is planning to recruit an assistant to the general manager. Read the job description and qualification and write to this co,pany to recomment yourself as a candidate. Your letter of application should not be less than 300 words. Job descition:Assit daily administration work Collect and manage information Responsible for the correspondence and documents Make business travel plan Involved in meeting aggangement Make reports accurately QualificationMaster degree Good skill in communication Good gomputer skills Good skills in bothe written and spoken English Teamwork orientation Some topics for Speaking TestI. Opening Questions1.Do you like music? What kind of music do you listen to these days? Why do you like this particular music? 2.Do you like sports? What kind of games do you often play? Why do you like that game? 3.Suppose you have won $100,000 ina lottery. What would you do with this money? 4.Why do you choose Tsinghua to do your graduate program? What are the most important factors in choosing a school? 5.What kind of job do you plan to take upon graduation? Why? 6.How much time do you spend learning about the news everyday? How do you learn about the news, by watching TV or reading newspaper Talk about one piece of the latest new that impressed you a great deal. 7.I the development of human society, many kinds of inventions have greatly benefited our lives. Could you give us some examples? What do you think are the top important inventions in the past 50 years? lease tell me some past 9．In everyone’s life, he may experience many good and bad events. Pevents which made you feel good or bad. 10. Do you use e-mail or the Internet? What do you use them for? II. Role plays or debate1. As the job-hunting season is approaching, many graduates have to decide whether to remain inBeijingand seek a job here (though it is not very easy to hunt a good job) or go to small cities to have an easy life. Student A:It’s not advisable choice for us to work inBeijing, for the life inBeijing won’t be easy here. Student B: I will try every effort to remain here to have a further develop and enjoy the exciting life here. 2. As the industry develops more rapidly in these years, people inChinabecome much more concerning about the environmental protection. Student A：I appeal to the government to postpone or stop some of the current projects, and punish the ones who are polluting our city. Industrialization brings us nothing but the stink of money and a dirty sky. We should not develop our industry intensely. The industrialization should be slowed down at once, or we’ll get punished. I don’t mean to be Student B: .We shouldn’t reduce our production under any circumstanceunconventional. But I do prefer industrial development to environmental protection. More exactly, industrialization can be the motivation and also the supporter of environment protection, which may be the contrary to normal consideration.  3. Deputies from the National People's Congress, as well as members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, proposed changes to the holidays at this year's congress. They called for shortened Labor Day and National Day holidays, and the addition of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day. n week has lots of Student A：I’m strongly agree to the change of the holidays, the goldedisadvantages. Student B：I don’t think the golden week holiday should be abrogated, because people have been used to it. People need it. 4. Our country has stepped into the aging society (people who are 65 or older have taken up 14%).Who will take care of the very old and disable old? Where could they spend the last few years in their life? Student A：The nursing home is the only way to solve the problem. Student B：I can’t agree. Those who live in the nursing home are not as happy as those who live with their family. 5. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster? Work with your partner and discuss the disaster(s) that you experienced or heard of. 6. Student A：All the Chinese should join in the "Rejecting the Japanese Goods" side, because the Japanese have done too many things hurting our feelings. Student B："Rejecting the Japanese Goods" is not necessary. The Japanese goods, such as the S tudentJapanese notebook PCs, the Japanese cars and so on, are better and cheaper than ours. 7. Student A：English language is tool—we learn it for we’re going to use it. So the four skills of English are very important. We attend the English Class for improving our English Skills. Student B：We attend the English class because the charm of a foreign culture often attracts us strongly. That is the very foundation stone of the interest of learning a foreign language. Further more, only by mastering the foreign language can one attain the charm of a culture. 8. Class discussion has become a common activity in our classroom nowadays. Many teachers use this activity to involve students in the class learning. Student A: It's a waste of time to listen to other students who are as ignorant as us to talk nonsense; we prefer to listen to teachers. Student B：Class discussion can get students more involved in class learning and can give us a chance to share what we know about the subjects. 9. Nowadays internet has penetrated into every aspect of out daily life. A lot of people have ever tried to buy something from the internet. Student A: Shopping on internet is very convenient. Student B: I love the traditional shopping method. 10. Student A: I worry about the future of human beings. We are facing so many problems in the development. Student B: I do believe that our children will have a better life. 1.A: Computer games are the best way to kill time and can people can learn a lot from playing it. B: Computer games do more harm than good to young people. 1.A and B are two classmates who have never met after they graduated from the university 5 years ago. Now they meet at the classmates’ reunion party? What would you say? Role play the two old classmates. 13. Did you have to adhere to a dress code or wear a uniform when you went school? How did you feel about it then? How do you feel about it now? Work in pairs to discuss the topic. 14. Role Play: Where are you from? You and your partner may come from different regions inChina. Compare the lifestyles in each of your hometown by discussion what is hot (popular) and what is not in the city or town. 15. Role Play: Tell each other a past event which made you feel good or bad (e.g. A embarrassed situation, un unforgettable school event, a happy reunion, or meeting a famous person). 16. What qualities do heroes in movies and TV shows in your country have? Who are some of your own personal heroes? Why do you admire and respect these people? Tell each other you heroes you respect. 17. Nowadays, more and more parents choose to educate primary school children at home instead of sending them to school to get public education. How do you think about it? A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it. 18. Should the University Campus be open to tourist? A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it. 19.Talk about the marriage of the college students. A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it. 20.How do you think the Clone technology? A: It’s a breakthrough of the biological engineer.B: Human cloning would cause a lot of problems. 。

2023年英语基础科段考试大纲2023年英语基础科段考试大纲主要包括以下内容：
一、语言知识
要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题。

词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用
1.听力
要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：
（1）理解主旨要义；
（2）获取具体的事实性信息；
（3）对所听内容做出推断；
（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2.阅读
要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：
（1）理解主旨要义；
（2）理解文中具体信息；
（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；
（4）做出判断和推理；
（5）理解文章的基本结构；
（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3.写作
要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

4.口语
要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

总的来说，2023年英语基础科段考试大纲注重考查考生的语言运用能力，包括听力、阅读、写作和口语等方面。

考生需要掌握英语基础知识，并能够在实际语境中运用这些知识解决问题。

同时，大纲还强调了对英语实际应用能力的考查，如口头表达和书面表达能力等。

综合练习（历次水平II试题精选）Part One Listening ComprehensionSection IDirections: In this section you will hear two students, Frank and Theresa, disc ussing a survey they have to write as an assignment. Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below which what you hear.Notes about Frank’s survey:Topic: ________________________________Typical examples of violent programs: _________________________________________ _____People’s suggestions: ________________________________________________________ ____Pe ople’s reactions to violence on news broadcast: ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________A possible problem with this survey: ________________________________________________The advantage of the survey: __________________________________________________ _____Section TwoDirections: In this section you will listen to some news program. Below are the summaries of the news items. Listen to the recording and fill in the missing w ords to complete the new summaries.1.An orangutan stopped the traffic outside _________ . It took a keep from the zoo ________ minutes to get downtown because of the traffic. The animal showed no interest in ________ but responded when the keeper ________ to it. It held the keeper’s _______ as they got into the car.2. A new method for teaching singing has been developed. Most singers are unawareof how they ______________________. By wearing a ______________ over your head while you sing, you can hear your voice the way _____________ hear you. This ca n help you _________ your singing.3.This year there are _______ contestants in the Sunset Beaches and castle ________--aged from 8 to ____ . The two favorites are Greg Wallace (who has won three times before), with his _______ castle, and newcomer David Bradley, with his S tar Wars __________.Section ThreeIn this section, you hear four telephone messages. What is each message about?When you hear each message, you should write in English the main information. S ome callers’ names are: Alberto, Janine Ellis, and Jim Saunders. You will hear the recording only once.Telephone message 1: _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 2: _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 3: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________Telephone message 4:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Part Two TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese.Write your translation clearly in the spaces provided below.What’s in a name?For thousands of years, humanity has classified the living thins of this world in much the same fashion; by their appearance. If it looks like a duck, walks a nd quacks like a duck, then it is a duck. But tackling millions of species in t his way has proven to be a recipe for confusion. As scientists have found to th eir cost, what looks like a duck may in fact be a goose.More recently, genetic techniques have been applied, particularly for distingui shing the more difficult-to-identity species such as viruses and bacteria by co mparing pieces of DNA. Might this approach be more generally applicable? Paul H ebert and his colleagues in Canada think it might be. Just as barcodes and the “universal product code” numbering scheme uniquely identify different items a t a supermarket checkout, they suggest that some stretches of DNA could perform a similar function in living things. In a paper just published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, they discuss how long such a genetic barcode needs to b e, and where it might be found.A universal product code found on the high street consists of a string of 11 di gits, each of which is one of ten numerals, providing 100 billion unique combin ations. Genetic material, however, uses a quaternary, rather than a denary, cod ing system. In theory, it would only be necessary to sample 15 of those letters to create one billion unique codes.In practice, however, the characteristics of DNA mean that 15 letters are not e nough. Unlike the arbitrary numbers of a universal product code, the letters of DNA are not random, because they code for something that a biological meaning.Part Three WritingDirections: Boshi Electronic (China) Co., Ltd. is planning to recruit an assis tant to the general manager. Read the job description and qualification and wri te to this company to recommend yourself as a candidate. Your letter of applica tion should not be less than 300 words.Some topics for Speaking TestOpening Questions1. Do you like music? What kind of music do you listen to these days? Why do y ou like this particular music?2. Do you like sports? What kind of games do you often play? Why do you like t hat game?3. Suppose you have won $100,000 ina lottery. What would you do with this mone y?4.Why do you choose Tsinghua to do your graduate program? What are the most i mportant factors in choosing a school?5.What kind of job do you plan to take upon graduation? Why?6. How much time do you spend learning about the news everyday? How do you lea rn about the news, by watching TV or reading newspaper？Talk about one piece of the latest new that impressed you a great deal.7. In the development of human society, many kinds of inventions have greatly benefited our lives. Could you give us some examples? What do you think are the top important inventions in the past 50 years?8. In everyone’s life, he may experience many good and bad events. Please tel l me some past events which made you feel good or bad.9. Do you use e-mail or the Internet? What do you use them for?II. Role plays or debate1. As the job-hunting season is approaching, many graduates have to decide whe ther to remain in Beijing and seek a job here (though it is not very easy to hu nt a good job) or go to small cities to have an easy life.Student A:It’s not advisable choice for us to work in Beijing, for the lif e in Beijing won’t be easy.Student B:I will try every effort to remain here to have a further develop an d enjoy the exciting life here.2. As the industry develops more rapidly in these years, people in China become much more concerning about the environmental protection.Student A：I appeal to the government to postpone or stop some of the current p rojects, and punish the ones who are polluting our city. Industrialization brin gs us nothing but the stink of money and a dirty sky. We should not develop our industry intensely. The industrialization should be slowed down at once, or w e’ll get punishedStudent B:We shouldn’t reduce our production under any circumstance. I don’t mean to be unconventional. But I do prefer industrial development to environm ental protection. More exactly, industrialization can be the motivation and als o the supporter of environment protection, which may be the contrary to normal consideration.3. Deputies from the National People's Congress, as well as members of the Chi nese People's Political Consultative Conference, proposed changes to the holida ys at this year's congress. They called for shortened Labor Day and National Da y holidays, and the addition of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Tomb Sweeping D ay.Student A：I’m strongly agree to the change of the holidays, the golden week h as lots of disadvantages.Student B：I don’t think the golden week holiday should be abrogated, because people have been used to it. People need it.4. Our country has stepped into the aging society (people who are 65 or older have taken up 14%).Who will take care of the very old and disable old? Where co uld they spend the last few years in their life?Student A：The nursing home is the only way to solve the problem.Student B：I can’t agree. Those who l ive in the nursing home are not as happy as those who live with their family.5. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster? Work with your partner and di scuss the disaster(s) that you experienced or heard of.6. Student A：All the Chinese should join in the "Rejecting the Japanese Goods" side, because the Japanese have done too many things hurting our feelings. Student B："Rejecting the Japanese Goods" is not necessary. The Japanese goods,such as the Japanese notebook PCs, the Japanese cars and so on, are better and cheaper than ours.7. Student A：English language is tool—we learn it for we’re going to use it. So the four skills of English are very important. We attend the English Class for improving our English Skills.Student B：We attend the English class because the charm of a foreign culture o ften attracts us strongly. That is the very foundation stone of the interest of learning a foreign language. Furthermore, only by mastering the foreign lang uage can one attain the charm of a culture.8.Class discussion has become a common activity in our classroom nowadays. M any teachers use this activity to involve students in the class learning.Student A: It's a waste of time to listen to other students who are as ignor ant as us to talk nonsense; we prefer to listen to teachers.Student B：Class discussion can get students more involved in class learning an d can give us a chance to share what we know about the subjects.9. Nowadays internet has penetrated into every aspect of out daily life. A lot of people have ever tried to buy something from the internet.Student A: Shopping on internet is very convenient.Student B: I love the traditional shopping method.10. Student A: I worry about the future of human beings. We are facing so ma ny problems in the development.Student B:I do believe that our children will have a better life.A: Computer games are the best way to kill time and can people can learn a lot from playing it.B: Computer games do more harm than good to young people.11. A and B are two classmates who have never met after they graduated from the university 5 years ago. Now they meet at the classmates’ reunion party? What would you say? Role play the two old classmates.12. Did you have to adhere to a dress code or wear a uniform when you went sch ool? How did you feel about it then? How do you feel about it now? Work in pair s to discuss the topic.13. Role Play: Where are you from? You and your partner may come from differen t regions inChina. Compare the lifestyles in each of your hometown by discussio n what is hot (popular) and what is not in the city or town.14.Role Play: Tell each other a past event which made you feel good or bad .A embarrassed situation, un unforgettable school event, a happy reunion, or mee ting a famous person).15. What qualities do heroes in movies and TV shows in your country have? Who are some of your own personal heroes? Why do you admire and respect these peopl e? Tell each other you heroes you respect.16. Nowadays, more and more parents choose to educate primary school children at home instead of sending them to school to get public education. How do you t hink about it?A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.17. Should the University Campus be open to tourist?A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.about the marriage of the college students.A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.do you think the Clone technology?A: It’s a breakthrough of the biological engineer.B: Human cloning would cause a lot of problems.写作题型与篇章结构写作从命题语言形式上可以分为三类：1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never sa tisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something diffe rent. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（表明观点：支持/反对）第二段：支持/反对理由一第三段：支持/反对理由二（第四段：支持/反对理由三）第五段：结论（归纳或重申观点）2. Some schools encourage their students to take part in team sports, such as football, baseball, and basketball. Other schools place greater emphasis on s uch individual sports as tennis, running, and swimming. Which type of sports program would you recommend for teenagers? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.该题型的篇章结构：（1）第一段：引言（用自己的语言解释命题，肯定两种观点的合理性）第二段：第一种观点的合理性第三段：第二种观点的合理性第四段：结论（自己的观点及两至三条理由或倾向于折中的观点）（2）第一段：引言（略提及自己反对的观点的合理性，转折后，明确表明自己支持的观点）第二段：自己支持的观点论据一第三段：自己支持的观点论据二（第四段：自己支持的观点论据三）第五段：结论（重申自己的观点）3. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important e ffect on your lives. Choose another invention that you think is important. G ive specific reasons for your choice.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（明确话题）第二段：讨论话题第一方面第三段：讨论话题第二方面（第四段：讨论话题第三方面）第五段：结论（总结前面提到的几个方面）范文1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has helped im prove standards of education. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.I disagree that television has helped improved standards of education for a num ber of reasons. The first and probably the most important reason is the program ming. Around the world it is movies, sit-com, soap operas, pop music and talk s hows which dominate TV screens. There may be nothing wrong with these, and they are certainly popular with audiences, but the content of these programs has no t helped to make people better educated.Typical television programs have also had a bad effect on viewers? Attention sp an, that is, on how long they can concentrate. Most TV programs do not require much concentration and young viewers, especially, get used to this. Education, on the other hand, does require concentration and young people find this increa singly difficult.Another characteristic of television is that it encourages a passive attitude i n viewers instead of an active one. Most popular TV programs encourage an uncri tical response, but education requires you to think about what is presented to you, to react to it and in some way to make use of it. In addition, passive TV-watching has often taken the place of more active pursuits such as reading, music, playing board games and conversation, all of which are more educational tha n a typical evening of TV.Finally, it seems to be true that television makes it difficult for viewers, es pecially young ones, to distinguish properly between fact and fiction. This con fusion, which is really another kind of uncritical response, again works agains t educational principles.Television has done many good things. It entertains lonely, old and sick people; it certainly helps countries’ economies by selling products, and can be very informative by bringing news from around the locality, the country and the worl d into peoples’ homes. However, by making people passive and uncritical, telev ision has a negative effect on education.范文2：There have been many arguments in recent years whether nuclear energy should be used to generate electricity. Do you think nuclear energy should or should not be used for this purpose in your country? Which side do you agree with? Use sp ecific reasons and examples to support your answer.Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on b oth sides. People who support using nuclear energy to produce electricity usual ly give some or all of the following reasons. The first argument is that it is potentially cheaper than any other way. The second is that other ways of produc ing electricity require nonrenewable resources, such as coal and oil, and one d ay these will be used up. This, they say, is not the case if we use nuclear ene rgy. The third reason is more of a political one: some countries do not have th e raw materials, such as coal, oil or water, which are needed to generate elect ricity and so they have to depend too much on other countries.People who attack using nuclear energy for generating electricity generally say that it is too dangerous, both now and in the future. They point to severe nuc lear accidents, such as Chernobyl, and some others in the United States, and sa y that the effects are so bad that the risk of an accident, even if the risk is very small, is not worthwhile. They also often say that there will be problems in the future of how to store the dangerous waste from old nuclear power stati ons, which can be deadly for thousands of years.As far as my own country is concerned, I believe there are two main reasons why it should not try to use nuclear energy at this time. Firstly, we have plenty of oil and hydroelectric energy from which to generate electricity. Secondly, i f countries like the United States and Russia can suffer nuclear accidents, it would be very difficult to guarantee safety in my country. Furthermore, we have many better and more urgent things to do with the money.常用词语与表达法1. Introductory:generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, comparativ ely speaking, comparatively, in general, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, to a certain degree, in my opinion, in my view, to my mind, as fo r me, as far as I am concerned, on a personal level, at an individual level, fr om a (personal and psychological) perspective, in some cases, in some respects, on a larger scale, at a local level, to take the idea further, to take the abo ve point to an extreme, putting the discussion in a wider context, following th e same line of…, traditionally, unfortunately, obviously, undoubtedly, practic ally speaking, simplistically speaking, economically speaking, financially spea king, in terms of, at the risk of sounding too cold, in a slightly cold calcula tion, at the risk of sounding too direct.2. Comparison: similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important, like, both…and…, the same as, (have…) in common, in a not dissimilar way3. Contrast: on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, by contra st4. Exemplification:for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in p oint, as an illustration, such as, namely, that is, like, say5. Enumeraion: first, second, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, first and foremost, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for on e thing, for another, finally, supremely, eventually6.Cause:because…, because of, as, since, for, owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of7. Concession:although, nevertheless, however, but, yet, admittedly, it is t rue… but, in spite of, even though, granted that…, at the very worse8. Emphasis:chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, t o be sure, actually, above all, surely, most important of all, even worse, no d oubt, needless to say, more often than not9. Result:thus, so, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, as a consequence, on that account, it follows that…10. Summary:in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, fin ally, to sum up, to conclude, in a word常用句型Argumentation1、The idea of… is not without advantages.2、Nonetheless, pound for pound, I reckon that… is more advantageous.3、My view is that……4、 Likewise, common sense tells us t hat……5、Many people would claim that……6、I also see a more serous reason for preferring to ……7、 A, by contrast, is blessed with advantages.8、Another reason why I would usually prefer to …… is that ……9、I can see that many of the advantages of …… seem obvious.10、What is also worth noticing is that……11、It might also be noted that……12、If we turn our attention to ……，we see that……13、There is no evidence to suggest that……14、The chief strength of …… is ……15、 A fu rther reason why I advocate an attitude of …… is that ……Exemplification1.I can think of no better illustration of the idea than the example of ……2.I can think of no better illustration of the view than the fact of ……3.Numerous other examples might be given easily, but these will suffice.4.we may cite a single example of ……5.history presents many examples of ……6.The situation is not rare, it is one of many examples I have encountered.7.one very amusing example of this is ……Conclusion1.From what has been discus sed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ……2.Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that……3.Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely come to the conclusion that ……4.All the evidence supports an unmistak able conclusion that ……5.All the analysis justifies an unshakable view that ……6.All the evidence confirms a sound idea that ……7.Personal experience leads me to the conclusion that ……8.I agree with the above statement because it seems to me that ……9.Above all, I have supported the statement that it is better to …… because……10.To be fair, I must own up the advantage that ……, but I firmly believe that……听力模拟题一Question 1-4Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Question 5-10Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Question 11-13Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. RIVERSIDE INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE11 Riverside Village was a good place to start an industry because it had wat er raw materials and fuels such as and .12 The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by who lived in the area.13 There were over water-powered mills in the area in the eighteenth century.Question 14-23Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.听力模拟题一——答案和听力原文Answer Key1shopping/ variety of shopping2guided tours3more than 12/ over 124notice board513th February6Tower of London7Bristol8American Museum9student newspaper10Yentob11coalfirewood12local craftsmen1316014cities/ environment15windy16humid17shady/ shaded18dangerous19leaves20ground21 considerably reduce/ decrease/ filter 22low23space/ roomAudio ScriptsQuestion 1-4MAN: Good morning.WOMAN:Good morning. How can I help you?MAN: I understand t hat the school organizes…umm, trips to different…WOMAN:Yes, we run five every month(example): three during weekends and two Wednesday afternoon trips.MAN: What sort of places?WOMAN:Well, obviously it varies, but always places of historical interest and also which offer a variety of shopping(Q1), because our students always ask about that…and then we go for ones there we know there are guided tours(Q2), because this gives a good focus for the visit.MAN: Do you travel far?WOMAN:Well, we’re lucky here, obviously, because we’re able to say that all our visits are less than three hours drive.MAN: How much do they cost?WOMAN:Again it varies-between five and fifteen pounds a head, depending on di stance.MAN: Ah ha…WOMAN:Oh, and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are m ore than twelve(Q3)people.MAN: Oh right, I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally?WOMAN:We try to keep it pretty fixed so that, that students get to know the p attern. We leave at eight-thirty . and return at six . We figure it’s best to keep the day fairly short.MAN: Oh yes. And how do we reserve a place?WOMAN:You sign your name on the notice board(Q4). Do you know where it is? MAN: Ah ha. I saw it this morning.WOMAN: And we d o ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we’ve got enough people interested to run it, and we can cancel if necessary, with fu ll refund of course.MAN: That’s fine, thanks.Question 5-10MAN: And what visits are planned for this term?WOMAN:Right, well I’m afraid the schedule hasn’t been printed out yet, but we have confirmed the dates and planed the optional extra visits which you can also book in advance if you want to.MAN:Oh that’s all right. If you can just give some idea of the weekend ones so I can, you know, work out when to see friends, etcetera.WOMAN:Oh sure. Well, the first one is St Ives. That’s on the thirteenth of February(Q5)and we’ll have only sixteen places available ’cos we’re going by minibus. And that’s a day in town with the optional extra of visiting the H epworth Museum.MAN:Oh right…yeah…that sounds good.WOMAN:Then there’s a London trip on the sixteenth of February and we’ll be taking a medium-sized coach so there’ll be forty-five places on th at, and, let’s see, the optional extra is the Tower of London(Q6).MAN:Oh, I’ve already been there.WOMAN:After that there’s Bristol(Q7)on the third of March.MAN: Where?WOMAN:Bristol…B-R-I-S-T-O-L.MAN:OK….WOMAN:That’s in a different mini bus with eighteen places available, oh, and the optional extra is a visit to the . Greet Britain.MAN:OK…WOMAN:We’re going to Salisbury on the eighteenth of March and that’s always a popular one because the optional extra is Stonehenge, so we’re taki ng the la rge coach with fifty seats…MAN: Oh good.WOMAN:And then the last one is to Bath on the twenty-third of March.MAN: Oh yes. Is Bath the Roman city?WOMAN: Yes, that’s right, and that’s in the sixteen-seater minibus.MAN: And where’s the optional visit?WOMAN:It’s to the American Museum(Q8)- well worth a visit.MAN:OK, well that’s great, thanks for all that…WOMAN: My pleasure. By the way, if you want more information about any of the trips, have a look in the student newspaper(Q9).MAN: OK.WOMAN: Or, have a word with my assistant; her name is Jane Yentob(Q10) - th at’s Y-E-N-T-O-B.MAN: Right, I’ve got that. Thank you very much for all your help.WOMAN:You’re very welcome. I hope you enjoy the trips.Question 11-13Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit I’m just going to give you a brief account of the history of the mu seum before letting you roam about on your own. I won’t keep you long. OK?Now, from where we’re standing you’ve got a good view of the river over th ere. And it was because of this fast-flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood(Q11), all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time.Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe? At that time, local craftsmen(Q12)first built an iron forge just behind the village here on the bend in the river. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centu ries the regions rivers supported more than a hundred and sixty(Q13)water m ills-and many of these continued operate well into the nineteenth century. But then the steam engine was invented and then the railways came and the centers o f industry were able to move away from the rivers and the countryside and into the towns. So, industrial villages like this one became very rare.So that’s the history for you. If you’d like any more information, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guide book.Question 14-23Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I have been asked today to talk to you about th e urban landscape. There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk: h ow vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate, and how we can be tter plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment(Q1 4)for us to live in.。

综合练习（历次水平II试题精选）Part One Listening ComprehensionSection IDirections: In this section you will hear two students, Frank and Theresa, discussinga survey they have to write as an assignment. Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below which what you hear.Notes about Frank’s survey:Topic: ________________________________Typical examples of violent programs: _______________________________________ _______People’s suggestions: _____________________________________________________ _______Pe ople’s reactions to violence on news broadcast: _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________A possible problem with this survey: ________________________________________________The advantage of the survey: ______________________________________________ _________Section TwoDirections: In this section you will listen to some news program. Below are the sum maries of the news items. Listen to the recording and fill in the missing words to c omplete the new summaries.1.An orangutan stopped the traffic outside _________ . It took a keep from the zoo________ minutes to get downtown because of the traffic. The animal showed no i nterest in ________ but responded when the keeper ________ to it. It held the ke eper’s _______ as they got into the car.2. A new method for teaching singing has been developed. Most singers are unawareof how they ______________________. By wearing a ______________ over your h ead while you sing, you can hear your voice the way _____________ hear you. Thi s can help you _________ your singing.3.This year there are _______ contestants in the Sunset Beaches and castle ________--aged from 8 to ____ . The two favorites are Greg Wallace (who has won three times before), with his _______ castle, and newcomer David Bradley, with his Star Wars __________.Section ThreeIn this section, you hear four telephone messages. What is each message about? W hen you hear each message, you should write in English the main information. Some callers’names are: Alberto, Janine Ellis, and Jim Saunders. You will hear the recording only once.Telephone message 1: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 2: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 3: ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________Telephone message 4:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Part Two TranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. Write your translation clearly in the spaces provided below.What’s in a name?For thousands of years, humanity has classified the living thins of this world in muc h the same fashion; by their appearance. If it looks like a duck, walks and quacks like a duck, then it is a duck. But tackling millions of species in this way has prove n to be a recipe for confusion. As scientists have found to their cost, what looks lik e a duck may in fact be a goose.More recently, genetic techniques have been applied, particularly for distinguishing t he more difficult-to-identity species such as viruses and bacteria by comparing piece s of DNA. Might this approach be more generally applicable? Paul Hebert and his c olleagues in Canad a think it might be. Just as barcodes and the “universal product code” numbering scheme uniquely identify different items at a supermarket checkout, they suggest that some stretches of DNA could perform a similar function in living things. In a paper just published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, they discu ss how long such a genetic barcode needs to be, and where it might be found.A universal product code found on the high street consists of a string of 11 digits, each of which is one of ten numerals, providing 100 billion unique combinations. Ge netic material, however, uses a quaternary, rather than a denary, coding system. In theory, it would only be necessary to sample 15 of those letters to create one billi on unique codes.In practice, however, the characteristics of DNA mean that 15 letters are not enoug h. Unlike the arbitrary numbers of a universal product code, the letters of DNA are not random, because they code for something that a biological meaning.Part Three WritingDirections: Boshi Electronic (China) Co., Ltd. is planning to recruit an assistant to t he general manager. Read the job description and qualification and write to this co mpany to recommend yourself as a candidate. Your letter of application should not be less than 300 words.Some topics for Speaking TestOpening Questions1. Do you like music? What kind of music do you listen to these days? Why do you like this particular music?2. Do you like sports? What kind of games do you often play? Why do you like tha t game?3. Suppose you have won $100,000 ina lottery. What would you do with this mone y?4. Why do you choose Tsinghua to do your graduate program? What are the most important factors in choosing a school?5. What kind of job do you plan to take upon graduation? Why?6. How much time do you spend learning about the news everyday? How do you le arn about the news, by watching TV or reading newspaper？Talk about one piece of the latest new that impressed you a great deal.7. In the development of human society, many kinds of inventions have greatly ben efited our lives. Could you give us some examples? What do you think are the top important inventions in the past 50 years?8. In everyone’s life, he may experience many good and bad events. Please tell me some past events which made you feel good or bad.9. Do you use e-mail or the Internet? What do you use them for?II. Role plays or debate1. As the job-hunting season is approaching, many graduates have to decide wheth er to remain in Beijing and seek a job here (though it is not very easy to hunt a good job) or go to small cities to have an easy life.Student A:It’s not advisable choice for us to work in Beijing, for the life in Beijing won’t be easy.Student B: I will try every effort to remain here to have a further develop and enj oy the exciting life here.2. As the industry develops more rapidly in these years, people in China become m uch more concerning about the environmental protection.Student A：I appeal to the government to postpone or stop some of the current p rojects, and punish the ones who are polluting our city. Industrialization brings us n othing but the stink of money and a dirty sky. We should not develop our industry intensely. The industrialization should be slowed down at once, or we’ll get punish edStudent B:We shouldn’t reduce our production under any circumstance. I don’t me an to be unconventional. But I do prefer industrial development to environmental pr otection. More exactly, industrialization can be the motivation and also the supporter of environment protection, which may be the contrary to normal consideration.3. Deputies from the National People's Congress, as well as members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, proposed changes to the holidays at thi s year's congress. They called for shortened Labor Day and National Day holidays, and the addition of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day.Student A：I’m strongly agree to the change of the holidays, the golden week has lots of disadvantages.Student B：I don’t think the golden week holiday should be abrogated, because pe ople have been used to it. People need it.4. Our country has stepped into the aging society (people who are 65 or older have taken up 14%).Who will take care of the very old and disable old? Where could t hey spend the last few years in their life?Student A：The nursing home is the only way to solve the problem.Student B：I can’t agree. Those who live in the nursing home are not as happy as those who live with their family.5. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster? Work with your partner and discus s the disaster(s) that you experienced or heard of.6. Student A：All the Chinese should join in the "Rejecting the Japanese Goods" si de, because the Japanese have done too many things hurting our feelings. Student B："Rejecting the Japanese Goods" is not necessary. The Japanese goods, such as the Japanese notebook PCs, the Japanese cars and so on, are better and c heaper than ours.7. Student A：English language is tool—we learn it for we’re going to use it. So the four skills of English are very important. We attend the English Class for improving our English Skills.Student B：We attend the English class because the charm of a foreign culture oft en attracts us strongly. That is the very foundation stone of the interest of learning a foreign language. Furthermore, only by mastering the foreign language can one a ttain the charm of a culture.8. Class discussion has become a common activity in our classroom nowadays. Many teachers use this activity to involve students in the class learning.Student A: It's a waste of time to listen to other students who are as ignorant as us to talk nonsense; we prefer to listen to teachers.Student B：Class discussion can get students more involved in class learning and c an give us a chance to share what we know about the subjects.9. Nowadays internet has penetrated into every aspect of out daily life. A lot of peo ple have ever tried to buy something from the internet.Student A: Shopping on internet is very convenient.Student B: I love the traditional shopping method.10. Student A: I worry about the future of human beings. We are facing so many problems in the development.Student B: I do believe that our children will have a better life.A: Computer games are the best way to kill time and can people can learn a lot fr om playing it.B: Computer games do more harm than good to young people.11. A and B are two classmates who have never met after they graduated from the university 5 years ago. Now they meet at the classmates’ reunion party? What w ould you say? Role play the two old classmates.12. Did you have to adhere to a dress code or wear a uniform when you went sch ool? How did you feel about it then? How do you feel about it now? Work in pairs to discuss the topic.13. Role Play: Where are you from? You and your partner may come from different regions inChina. Compare the lifestyles in each of your hometown by discussion w hat is hot (popular) and what is not in the city or town.14. Role Play: Tell each other a past event which made you feel good or bad (e.g.A embarrassed situation, un unforgettable school event, a happy reunion, or meeti ng a famous person).15. What qualities do heroes in movies and TV shows in your country have? Who a re some of your own personal heroes? Why do you admire and respect these peopl e? Tell each other you heroes you respect.16. Nowadays, more and more parents choose to educate primary school children a t home instead of sending them to school to get public education. How do you thin k about it?A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.17. Should the University Campus be open to tourist?A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.18.Talk about the marriage of the college students.A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.19.How do you think the Clone technology?A: It’s a breakthrough of the biological engineer.B: Human cloning would cause a lot of problems.写作题型与篇章结构写作从命题语言形式上可以分为三类：1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something different. Us e specific reasons and examples to explain your position.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（表明观点：支持/反对）第二段：支持/反对理由一第三段：支持/反对理由二（第四段：支持/反对理由三）第五段：结论（归纳或重申观点）2. Some schools encourage their students to take part in team sports, such as footb all, baseball, and basketball. Other schools place greater emphasis on such individual sports as tennis, running, and swimming. Which type of sports program would you recommend for teenagers? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answe r.该题型的篇章结构：（1）第一段：引言（用自己的语言解释命题，肯定两种观点的合理性）第二段：第一种观点的合理性第三段：第二种观点的合理性第四段：结论（自己的观点及两至三条理由或倾向于折中的观点）（2）第一段：引言（略提及自己反对的观点的合理性，转折后，明确表明自己支持的观点）第二段：自己支持的观点论据一第三段：自己支持的观点论据二（第四段：自己支持的观点论据三）第五段：结论（重申自己的观点）3. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important ef fect on your lives. Choose another invention that you think is important. Give specific reasons for your choice.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（明确话题）第二段：讨论话题第一方面第三段：讨论话题第二方面（第四段：讨论话题第三方面）第五段：结论（总结前面提到的几个方面）范文1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has helped impro ve standards of education. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.I disagree that television has helped improved standards of education for a number of reasons. The first and probably the most important reason is the programming. Around the world it is movies, sit-com, soap operas, pop music and talk shows whi ch dominate TV screens. There may be nothing wrong with these, and they are cer tainly popular with audiences, but the content of these programs has not helped to make people better educated.Typical television programs have also had a bad effect on viewers? Attention span, that is, on how long they can concentrate. Most TV programs do not require much concentration and young viewers, especially, get used to this. Education, on the oth er hand, does require concentration and young people find this increasingly difficult. Another characteristic of television is that it encourages a passive attitude in viewer s instead of an active one. Most popular TV programs encourage an uncritical respo nse, but education requires you to think about what is presented to you, to react t o it and in some way to make use of it. In addition, passive TV-watching has oftentaken the place of more active pursuits such as reading, music, playing board gam es and conversation, all of which are more educational than a typical evening of T V.Finally, it seems to be true that television makes it difficult for viewers, especially y oung ones, to distinguish properly between fact and fiction. This confusion, which is really another kind of uncritical response, again works against educational principle s.Television has done many good things. It entertains lonely, old and sick people; it certainly helps countries’ economies by selling products, and can be very informative by bringing news from around the locality, the country and the world into peoples’homes. However, by making people passive and uncritical, television has a negativ e effect on education.范文2：There have been many arguments in recent years whether nuclear energy should b e used to generate electricity. Do you think nuclear energy should or should not be used for this purpose in your country? Which side do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides. People who support using nuclear energy to produce electricity usually give s ome or all of the following reasons. The first argument is that it is potentially chea per than any other way. The second is that other ways of producing electricity requ ire nonrenewable resources, such as coal and oil, and one day these will be used u p. This, they say, is not the case if we use nuclear energy. The third reason is mo re of a political one: some countries do not have the raw materials, such as coal, oil or water, which are needed to generate electricity and so they have to depend t oo much on other countries.People who attack using nuclear energy for generating electricity generally say that it is too dangerous, both now and in the future. They point to severe nuclear accid ents, such as Chernobyl, and some others in the United States, and say that the ef fects are so bad that the risk of an accident, even if the risk is very small, is not worthwhile. They also often say that there will be problems in the future of how to store the dangerous waste from old nuclear power stations, which can be deadly f or thousands of years.As far as my own country is concerned, I believe there are two main reasons why it should not try to use nuclear energy at this time. Firstly, we have plenty of oil a nd hydroelectric energy from which to generate electricity. Secondly, if countries like the United States and Russia can suffer nuclear accidents, it would be very difficultto guarantee safety in my country. Furthermore, we have many better and more u rgent things to do with the money.常用词语与表达法1. Introductory: generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, comparatively spe aking, comparatively, in general, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some exten t, to a certain degree, in my opinion, in my view, to my mind, as for me, as far a s I am concerned, on a personal level, at an individual level, from a (personal and psychological) perspective, in some cases, in some respects, on a larger scale, at a local level, to take the idea further, to take the above point to an extreme, putting the discussion in a wider context, following the same line of…, traditionally, unfort unately, obviously, undoubtedly, practically speaking, simplistically speaking, economi cally speaking, financially speaking, in terms of, at the risk of sounding too cold, ina slightly cold calculation, at the risk of sounding too direct.2. Comparison: similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important, like, both…a nd…, the same as, (have…) in common, in a not dissimilar way3. Contrast: on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, unlik e, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, by contrast4. Exemplification: for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, a s an illustration, such as, namely, that is, like, say5. Enumeraion: first, second, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, t o start with, first and foremost, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermor e, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, fin ally, supremely, eventually6. Cause:because…, because of, as, since, for,owing to, due to, on account of, asa result of7. Concession:although, nevertheless, however, but, yet, admittedly, it is true… bu t, in spite of, even though, granted that…, at the very worse8. Emphasis: chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be sure, ac tually, above all, surely, most important of all, even worse, no doubt, needless to s ay, more often than not9. Result: thus, so, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, as a consequence, on t hat account, it follows that…10. Summary: in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, finally, t o sum up, to conclude, in a word常用句型Argumentation1、The idea of… is not without advantages.2、Nonetheless, pound for pound, I reckon th at… is more advantageous.3、My view is that……4、Likewise, common sense tells us that……5、Many people would claim that……6、I also see a more serous reason for preferring to ……7、A, by contrast, is blessed with advantages.8、Another reason why I would usually prefer to …… is that ……9、I can see that many of the advantages of …… seem obvious.10、What is also worth noticing is that……11、It might also be noted that……12、If we turn our attention to ……，we see that……13、There i s no evidence to suggest that……14、The chief strength of …… is ……15、 A further reason why I advocate an attitude of …… is that ……Exemplification1.I can think of no better illustration of the idea than the example of ……2.I can think of no bette r illustration of the view than the fact of ……3.Numerous other examples might be given easily, but these will suffice.4.we may cite a single example of ……5.history presents many examples of ……6.The situation is not rare, it is one of many examples I have encountered.7.one very amusing example of this is ……Conclusion1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ……2.Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that ……3.Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely come to the conclusion that……4.All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that ……5.All the analysis justifies an unshakable view that ……6.All the evidence confirms a sound idea that ……7.Personal experience leads me to the conclusion that ……8.I agree with the above statement because it seems to me that ……9.Above all, I have supported the statement that it is better to …… because ……10.To be fair, I must own up the advantage that ……, but I firmly believe that ……听力模拟题一Question 1-4Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Question 5-10Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Question 11-13Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. RIVERSIDE INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE11 Riverside Village was a good place to start an industry because it had water ra w materials and fuels such as and .12 The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by who lived in t he area.13 There were over water-powered mills in the area in the eighteenth ce ntury.Question 14-23Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.听力模拟题一——答案和听力原文Answer Key1 shopping/ variety of shopping2 guided tours3 more than 12/ over 124 notice board5 13th February6 Tower of London7 Bristol8 American Museum9 student newspaper10 Yentob11 coalfirewood12 local craftsmen13 16014 cities/ environment15 windy16 humid17 shady/ shaded18 dangerous19 leaves20 ground21 considerably reduce/ decrease/ filter22 low23 space/ roomAudio ScriptsQuestion 1-4MAN:Good morning.WOMAN: Good morning. How can I help you?MAN: I understand that the school organizes…umm, trips to different…WOMAN: Yes, we run five every month(example): three during weekends and t wo Wednesday afternoon trips.MAN:What sort of places?WOMAN: Well, obviously it varies, but always places of historical interest and also which offer a variety of shopping(Q1), because our students always ask about th at…and then we go for ones th ere we know there are guided tours(Q2), because this gives a good focus for the visit.MAN:Do you travel far?WOMAN:Well, we’re lucky here, obviously, because we’re able to say that all our visits are less than three hours drive.MAN: How much do they cost?WOMAN: Again it varies-between five and fifteen pounds a head, depending on dist ance.MAN: Ah ha…WOMAN: Oh, and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are mor e than twelve(Q3) people.MAN: Oh right, I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally?WOMAN: We try to keep it pretty fixed so that, that students get to know the pat tern. We leave at eight-thirty a.m. and return at six p.m. We figure it’s best to kee p the day fairly short.MAN: Oh yes. And how do we reserve a place?WOMAN: You sign your name on the notice board(Q4). Do you know where it i s?MAN:Ah ha. I saw it this morning.WOMAN: And we do ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we’v e got enough people interested to run it, and we can cancel if necessary, with full refund of course.MAN: That’s fine, thanks.Question 5-10MAN:And what visits are planned for this term?WOMAN:Right, well I’m afraid the schedule hasn’t been printed out yet, but we h ave confirmed the dates and planed the optional extra visits which you can also bo ok in advance if you want to.MAN:Oh that’s all right. If you can just give some idea of the weekend ones so I can, you know, work out when to see friends, etcetera.WOMAN: Oh sure. Well, the f irst one is St Ives. That’s on the thirteenth of Febr uary(Q5)and we’ll have only sixteen places available ’cos we’re going by minibus. And that’s a day in town with the optional extra of visiting the Hepworth Museum.MAN:Oh right…yeah…that sounds good.WOMAN:Then there’s a London trip on the sixteenth of February and we’ll be taki ng a medium-sized coach so there’ll be forty-five places on that, and, let’s see, the optional extra is the Tower of London(Q6).MAN:Oh, I’ve already been there.WOMAN: A fter that there’s Bristol(Q7) on the third of March.MAN:Where?WOMAN:Bristol…B-R-I-S-T-O-L.MAN:OK….WOMAN:That’s in a different minibus with eighteen places available, oh, and the o ptional extra is a visit to the S.S. Greet Britain.MAN:OK…WOMAN:We’re going to Salisbury on the eighteenth of March and that’s always a popular one because the optional extra is Stonehenge, so we’re taking the large co ach with fifty seats…MAN:Oh good.WOMAN: And then the last one is to Bath on the twenty-third of March.MAN:Oh yes. Is Bath the Roman city?WOMAN: Yes, that’s right, and that’s in the sixteen-seater minibus.MAN: And where’s the optional visit?WOMAN:It’s to the American Museum(Q8)- well worth a visit.MAN:OK, well that’s great, thanks for all that…WOMAN: My pleasure. By the way, if you want more information about any of the trips, have a look in the student newspaper(Q9).MAN: OK.WOMAN: Or, have a word with my assistant; her name is Jane Yentob(Q10) - tha t’s Y-E-N-T-O-B.MAN: Right, I’ve got that. Thank you very much for all your help.WOMAN:You’re very welcome. I hope you enjoy the trips.Question 11-13Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit I’m just going to give you a brief account of the history of the museum befor e letting you roam about on your own. I won’t keep you long. OK?Now, from where we’re standing you’ve got a good view of the river over there. And it was because of this fast-flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, lik e minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firew ood(Q11), all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time.Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the wa ter wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe? At that time, local craftsmen(Q12) first built an iron forge just behind the village here on the bend in the river. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the regions riv ers supported more than a hundred and sixty(Q13) water mills-and many of thes e continued operate well into the nineteenth century. But then the steam engine w as invented and then the railways came and the centers of industry were able to move away from the rivers and the countryside and into the towns. So, industrial vi llages like this one became very rare.So that’s the history for you. If you’d like any more informatio n, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guide book.Question 14-23Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape. There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate, and how we can better pl an our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment(Q14) f or us to live in.Trees can have a significant impact on our cities. They can make a city, as a wh ole, a bit less windy(Q15) or a bit more windy, if that’s what you want. They can make it a bit cooler if it’s a hot summer day in an Australian city, or they can ma ke it a bit more humid(Q16)if it’s a dry inland city. On the local scale- that is, in particular areas within the city- trees can make the local area more shady(Q17), cooler, more humid and much less windy. In fact trees and planting of various kind s can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous(Q18) in particular area s. How do trees do all that, you ask?。

2017年高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲第一篇：2017年高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲2017年高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的、事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。

I.关于考试要求的说明一、语言知识要求考生了解和掌握《普通高中英语课程标准（实验〉》附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇。

二、语言运用 1.听力听力是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。

该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。

有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。

（2）获取事实性的具体信息为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。

这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。

（3）对所听内容作出简单推断话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等对话语含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。

清华大学教育职员职务聘任外语考试说明（2007年修订）根据《清华大学教育管理研究员、副研究员及职员职级聘任的外语考试办法》的有关规定，教育职员职务聘任外语考试的具体要求如下：第一种形式：笔试一．高级职务本考试的重点在于考察应试人员的阅读、翻译和写作能力。

考试时间为120分钟，应试人员可以携带英汉和汉英词典进入考场，但是不得携带电子类词典。

笔试部分重点考察应试者的阅读、翻译（英汉互译）和写作能力，题型包括阅读理解、英译汉、汉译英和写作。

1．阅读理解：要求应试者阅读两篇400单词左右的文章，其中一篇要求用英语回答文章后面所提出的问题，第二篇为多项选择题。

共计35分。

2．英译汉：要求应试者阅读一篇500单词左右的文章，然后把其中五个划线的部分（一个部分可能包含几个句子）译成汉语，五个部分总的单词数为200个左右，每个部分5分，共计20分。

3．汉译英：要求应试者把一篇120字左右的短文翻译成英语，总分为30分。

4．作文：要求应试者根据试题的要求写一篇120左右单词的短文，考试的题型可能是提纲作文、续段首句作文、情景作文或图表作文等，写作的文体可能是议论文、说明文或应用文。

本部分为15分。

二、中级职务本考试主要依据《新英语教程》（第四版，第三册，读写译，清华大学出版社），以其中每个单元中的Part A为主。

考试时间为90分钟，应试人员不得携带任何工具书进入考场，题型包括词汇、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

1．词汇20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

所考察的词汇均出自于《新英语教程》（第四版，第三册，读写译，清华大学出版社）题目分两种类型，第一种类型要求应试人员从所给出的四个选择项中选择一个与句子中划线的单词或短语意义相同的最佳答案，第二种类型要求应试人员从所给出四个选择项中选择最佳答案完成句子。

例如：Every employee has to handle countless problems every day in his office or at his counter.A. put downB. make outC. deal withD. result inYou should not be so critical _____ this policy, because it has not been put into practice.A. withB. ofC. onD. about2．阅读理解：多项选择15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲——英语Ⅰ．考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。

高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。

Ⅱ．考试内容和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，参照教育部2000年颁发的《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》，并考虑中学教学实际，制订本学科考试内容。

一、语言知识要求考生能够适当运用基本的语法知识（见附录），掌握2000左右的词汇及相关词组（见《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》）二、语言运用1．听力要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）获取事实性的具体信息；（3）对所听内容作出简单推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2．阅读要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出简单判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3．写作要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）准确使用语法和词汇；（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。

Ⅲ．考试形式与试卷结构1．答卷方式：闭卷、笔试。

2．考试时间：120分钟。

试卷满分为150分。

3．题型：试卷一般包括多项选择题、完形填空题、听力填空题、短文改错和书面表达等题型。

4．试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主。

Ⅳ．题型示例一、多项选择题（一）考查听力M：Well, I wonder why the office is still not open .W：But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight. 1．At what time does the office open ?A．7:45. B．8:15. C．8:00.M：It's Alice's birthday tomorrow.W：Are you sure ? I think it should be the day after tomorrow.M：Well, let me see. Oh, I'm sorry. You're right. It is the day after tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present?W：Yes, of course. Shall we give her some flowers?M：Flowers are lovely. But I think it's better to buy her a nice box ofchocolates.W：Alice doesn't like sweet things. Didn't you know that?M：You're right. Er…I know. We can give her a record. She loves music.W：That's a good idea. Let's go to the music shop and choose one for her. 2．When is Alice's birthday?A．The next day. B．The day after next. C．The day they had the talk.3．What will the man and the woman buy for Alice ?A．A record. B．Some flowers. C．A box of chocolates.（二）考查语法和词汇知识1．Paul doesn't have to be made_______.He always works hard.A．study B．to study C．studied D．studying 2．I first met Lisa three years ago when we ______ at a radio station together.A．have worked B．had been working C．were working D．had worked 3．She thought I was talking about her daughter,_________,in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A．whom B．where C．which D．while 4．—When shall we meet again?—Make it ________ day you like; it's all the same to me.A．one B．any C．another D．some （三）考查阅读理解We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift here eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched, mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop(拖把). She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, "Very dirty floors.""Yes. I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them," the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, "But aren't you working late?"Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum nodded politely to the nurse and said, "Thank you."Outside, Mum told me, "Dagmar is fine. No fever.""You saw her, Mum?""Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush."1．When she took a mop from the small room, what Mum really wanted to do was______.A．to clean the floor B．to please the nurseC．to see a patient D．to surprise the story-teller 2．When the nurse talked to Mum, she thought Mum was a_______.A．nurse B．visitor C．patient D．cleaner 3．After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A．It is a children's hospital. B．It has strict rules about visiting hours.C．The nurses and doctors there don't work hard. D．A lot of patients come to this hospital every day.4．Why did Mum go to see Dagmar in the hospital?A．To give her some messages about Dad. B．To make sure her room was clean.C．To check that she was still there. D．To find out how she was. 5．Which of the following words best describes Mum?A．polite B．patient C．changeable D．clever二、完形填空题Washoe is a young chimpanzee（黑猩猩）. She is no（1）chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research（2）her. They want to see how civilized （驯化） she can（3）. Already she can do many things a human being does.For example, she has been learning how to exchange（4）with people. The scientists are teaching her（5）language. When she wants to be picked（6）, Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger（7）she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after every meal.Washoe has also been（8）to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a（9）with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to（10）. After she considered the（11）, she got a tall box to（12）. The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a（13）pole. Then she climbed onto the （14）, grasped（抓取）the pole, and（15）down the food with the pole.Washoe（16）like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard（17）in the lab, she goes home.（18）she plays with her toys. She（19）enjoys watching television before going to bed.Scientists hope to（20）more about people by studying our closest relative-the chimpanzee.1．A．foolish B．simple C．special D．ordinary2．A．for B．on C．to D．by3．A．experience B．change C．develop D．become4．A．actions B．views C．messages D．feelings5．A．human B．sign C．spoken D．foreign 6．A．out B．at C．on D．up7．A．when B．until C．since D．while8．A．trained B．raised C．ordered D．led9．A．hole B．zoo C．room D．museum10．A．pull B．see C．eat D．reach11．A．problem B．position C．food D．ceiling12．A．stand by B．stand on C．stand up D．stand with13．A．straight B．strong C．long D．heavy14．A．wall B．box C．ceiling D．pole15．A．knocked B．picked C．took D．pulled16．A．lives B．works C．thinks D．plays17．A．task B．lesson C．time D．day18．A．But B．There C．So D．Besides19．A．quite B．already C．even D．still20．A．see B．answer C．learn D．gain三、听力填空题Man:…and lastly this week I have some information about a course at the Country College near Burnside, which might be of interest to someone wanting a late-season break, or to groups. They tell me they have spaces on their Country Sports courses the weekend after next. There are three courses that you might like to join: fishing, hill-walking, and rock-climbing. So, quite a lot of variety there. The fishing is open to anyone over the age of 12, and so is the hill-walking. For the rock-climbing you must be sixteen or older, for safety reasons. All these courses are really enjoyable.BURNSIDE COUNTRY COLLEGECountry Sports WeekendsCOURSE AGEFishing 12+1.____________2.____________Rock-climbing 16+四、短文改错题Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit 1. _______ to a American family. They live in a small 2. _______ town. It was very kind for them to meet me 3. _______ at the railway station and drove me to their home. 4. _______ The Smiths did his best to make me feel 5. _______ at home. They offered me coffee and other 6. _______ drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing 7. _______ together. They were eager know everything about 8. _______ China and asked me lots of question. In fact, 9. _______ they are planning to visit China in next year. 10. _______五、书面表达题假定你是李华。

清华大学英语水平考试模拟试题集Part One Listening ComprehensionSection IDirections: In this section you will hear two students, Frank and Theresa, discussing a survey they have to write as an assignment. Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below which what you hear.Notes about Frank’s survey:Topic: ________________________________Typical examples of violent programs:______________________________________________ People’s suggestions:______________________________________________________ ______Peopl e’s reactions to violence on news broadcast:_______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________A possible problem with this survey:________________________________________________The advantage of the survey:______________________________________________________ _Section TwoDirections: In this section you will listen to some news program. Below are the summaries of the news items. Listen to the recording and fill in the missing words to complete the new summaries.1.An orangutan stopped the traffic outside _________ . It tooka keep from the zoo ________ minutes to get downtownbecause of the traffic. The animal showed no interest in________ but responded when the keeper ________ to it. It held the keeper’s _______ as they got into the car.2. A new method for teaching singing has been developed.Most singers are unaware of how they______________________. By wearing a ______________over your head while you sing, you can hear your voice theway _____________ hear you. This can help you _________ your singing.3.This year there are _______ contestants intheSunsetBeachsandcastle ________--aged from 8 to ____ .The two favorites are Greg Wallace (who has won threetimes before), with his _______ castle, and newcomer David Bradley, with his Star Wars __________.Section ThreeIn this section, you hear four telephone messages. What is each message about? When you hear each message, you should write in English the main information. Some callers’ names are: Alberto, Janine Ellis, and Jim Saunders. You will hear the recording only once.Telephone message 1:______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _____________________.Telephone message 2:______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 3:______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________Telephone message4:____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ______________________.Part Two TranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. Write your translation clearly in the spaces provided below.What’s in a name?For thousands of years, humanity has classified the living thins of this world in much the same fashion; by their appearance. If it looks like a duck, walks and quacks like a duck, then it is a duck. But tackling millions of species in this way has proven to be a recipe for confusion. As scientists have found to their cost, what looks like a duck may in fact be a goose.More recently, genetic techniques have been applied, particularly for distinguishing the more difficult-to-identity species such as viruses and bacteria by comparing pieces of DNA. Might this approach be more generally applicable? Paul Hebert and his colleagues inCanadathink it might be. Just as barcodes and the“universal product code” numbering scheme uniquely identify different items at a supermarket checkout, they suggest that some stretches of DNA could perform a similar function in living things. In a paper just published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, they discuss how long such a genetic barcode needs to be, and where it might be found.A universal product code found on the high street consists of a string of 11 digits, each of which is one of ten numerals, providing 100 billion unique combinations. Genetic material, however, uses a quaternary, rather than a denary, coding system. In theory, it would only be necessary to sample 15 of those letters to create one billion unique codes.In practice, however, the characteristics of DNA mean that 15 letters are not enough. Unlike the arbitrary numbers of a universal product code, the letters of DNA are not random, because they code for something that a biological meaning.Part Three WritingDirections: Boshi Electronic (China) Co., Ltd. Is planning to recruit an assistant to the general manager. Read the job description and qualification and write to this co,pany to recomment yourself as a candidate. Your letter of application should not be less than 300 words.Job descition:Assit daily administration workCollect and manage informationResponsible for the correspondence and documentsMake business travel planInvolved in meeting aggangementMake reports accurately QualificationMaster degreeGood skill in communication Good gomputer skillsGood skills in bothe written and spo EnglishTeamwork orientationSome topics for Speaking Test1.I. Opening Questions2.Do you like music? What kind of music do you listen to thesedays? Why do you like this particular music?3.Do you like sports? What kind of games do you often play?Why do you like that game?4.Suppose you have won $100,000 ina lottery. What wouldyou do with this money?5.Why do you choose Tsinghua to do your graduate program?What are the most important factors in choosing a school?6.What kind of job do you plan to take upon graduation? Why?7.How much time do you spend learning about the newseveryday? How do you learn about the news, by watchingTV or reading newspaper？Talk about one piece of the latest new that impressed you a great deal.8.I the development of human society, many kinds ofinventions have greatly benefited our lives. Could you giveus some examples? What do you think are the top important inventions in the past 50 years?9．In everyone’s life, he may experience many good and bad events. Please tell me some past events which made you feel good or bad.10. Do you use e-mail or the Internet? What do you use them for?1.II. Role plays or debate1. As the job-hunting season is approaching, many graduates have to decide whether to remain inBeijingand seek a job here (though it is not very easy to hunt a good job) or go to small cities to have an easy life.Student A:It’s not advisable choice for us to work inBeijing, for the life inBeijing won’t be easy here.Student B: I will try every effort to remain here to have a further develop and enjoy the exciting life here.2. As the industry develops more rapidly in these years, people inChinabecome much more concerning about the environmental protection.Student A：I appeal to the government to postpone or stop some of the current projects, and punish the ones who are polluting our city. Industrialization brings us nothing but the stink of money and a dirty sky. We should not develop our industry intensely. The industrialization should be slowed down at once, or we’ll get punishedStudent B: .We should n’t reduce our production under any circumstance. I don’t mean to be unconventional. But I do prefer industrial development to environmental protection. More exactly, industrialization can be the motivation and also the supporter of environment protection, which may be the contrary to normal consideration.3. Deputies from the National People's Congress, as well as members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,proposed changes to the holidays at this year's congress. They called for shortened Labor Day and National Day holidays, and the addition of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day. Student A：I’m strongly agree to the change of the holidays, the golden week has lots of disadvantages.Student B：I don’t think the golden w eek holiday should be abrogated, because people have been used to it. People need it.4. Our country has stepped into the aging society (people who are 65 or older have taken up 14%).Who will take care of the very old and disable old? Where could they spend the last few years in their life?Student A：The nursing home is the only way to solve the problem.Student B：I can’t agree. Those who live in the nursing home are not as happy as those who live with their family.5. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster? Work with your partner and discuss the disaster(s) that you experienced or heard of.6. Student A：All the Chinese should join in the "Rejecting the Japanese Goods" side, because the Japanese have done too many things hurting our feelings.Student B："Rejecting the Japanese Goods" is not necessary. The Japanese goods, such as the Japanese notebook PCs, the Japanese cars and so on, are better and cheaper than ours.7. Student A：English language is tool—we learn it for we’re going to use it. So the four skills of English are very important. We attend the English Class for improving our English Skills.Student B：We attend the English class because the charm of a foreign culture often attracts us strongly. That is the very foundation stone of the interest of learning a foreign language. Further more, only by mastering the foreign language can one attain the charm of a culture.8. Class discussion has become a common activity in our classroom nowadays. Many teachers use this activity to involvestudents in the class learning.Student A: It's a waste of time to listen to other students who are as ignorant as us to talk nonsense; we prefer to listen to teachers.Student B：Class discussion can get students more involved in class learning and can give us a chance to share what we know about the subjects.9. Nowadays internet has penetrated into every aspect of out daily life. A lot of people have ever tried to buy something from the internet.Student A: Shopping on internet is very convenient.Student B: I love the traditional shopping method.10. Student A: I worry about the future of human beings. We are facing so many problems in the development.Student B: I do believe that our children will have a better life.1.A: Computer games are the best way to kill time and canpeople can learn a lot from playing it.B: Computer games do more harm than good to young people.1. A and B are two classmates who have never met after theygraduated from the university 5 years ago. Now they meetat the classmates’ reuni on party? What would you say? Role play the two old classmates.13. Did you have to adhere to a dress code or wear a uniform when you went school? How did you feel about it then? How do you feel about it now? Work in pairs to discuss the topic.14. Role Play: Where are you from? You and your partner may come from different regions inChina. Compare the lifestyles in each of your hometown by discussion what is hot (popular) andwhat is not in the city or town.15. Role Play: Tell each other a past event which made you feel good or bad (e.g. A embarrassed situation, un unforgettable school event, a happy reunion, or meeting a famous person).16. What qualities do heroes in movies and TV shows in your country have? Who are some of your own personal heroes? Why do you admire and respect these people? Tell each other you heroes you respect.17. Nowadays, more and more parents choose to educate primary school children at home instead of sending them to school to get public education. How do you think about it?A: strongly agree to it.B: strongly against it.18. Should the University Campus be open to tourist?A: strongly agree to it.B: strongly against it.19.Talk about the marriage of the college students.A: strongly agree to it.B: strongly against it.20.How do you think the Clone technology?A: It’s a breakthrough of the biological engineer.B: Human cloning would cause a lot of problems.。

综合练习（历次水平II试题精选）Part One Listening ComprehensionSection IDirections: In this section you will hear two students, Frank and Theresa, disc ussing a survey they have to write as an assignment. Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below which what you hear.Notes about Frank’s survey:Topic: ________________________________Typical examples of violent programs: _________________________________________ _____People’s suggestions: ________________________________________________________ ____Pe ople’s reactions to violence on news broadcast: ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________A possible problem with this survey: __________________________________________ ______The advantage of the survey: __________________________________________________ _____Section TwoDirections: In this section you will listen to some news program. Below are the summaries of the news items. Listen to the recording and fill in the missing w ords to complete the new summaries.1.An orangutan stopped the traffic outside _________ . It took a keep from the zoo ________ minutes to get downtown because of the traffic. The animal showed no interest in ________ but responded when the keeper ________ to it. It held the keeper’s _______ as they got into the car.2. A new method for teaching singing has been developed. Most singers are unawareof how they ______________________. By wearing a ______________ over your head while you sing, you can hear your voice the way _____________ hear you. This ca n help you _________ your singing.3.This year there are _______ contestants in the Sunset Beaches and castle ________--aged from 8 to ____ . The two favorites are Greg Wallace (who has won three times before), with his _______ castle, and newcomer David Bradley, with his S tar Wars __________.Section ThreeIn this section, you hear four telephone messages. What is each message about W hen you hear each message, you should write in English the main information. So me callers’ names are: Alberto, Janine Ellis, and Jim Saunders. You will hear the recording only once.Telephone message 1: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 2: _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 3: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Telephone message 4:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Part Two TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. Write your translation clearly in the spaces provided below.What’s in a nameFor thousands of years, humanity has classified the living thins of this world in much the same fashion; by their appearance. If it looks like a duck, walks a nd quacks like a duck, then it is a duck. But tackling millions of species in t his way has proven to be a recipe for confusion. As scientists have found to th eir cost, what looks like a duck may in fact be a goose.More recently, genetic techniques have been applied, particularly for distingui shing the more difficult-to-identity species such as viruses and bacteria by co mparing pieces of DNA. Might this approach be more generally applicable Paul He bert and his colleagues in Canada think it might be. Just as barcodes and the “universal product code” numbering scheme uniquely identify different items a t a supermarket checkout, they suggest that some stretches of DNA could perform a similar function in living things. In a paper just published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, they discuss how long such a genetic barcode needs to b e, and where it might be found.A universal product code found on the high street consists of a string of 11 di gits, each of which is one of ten numerals, providing 100 billion unique combin ations. Genetic material, however, uses a quaternary, rather than a denary, cod ing system. In theory, it would only be necessary to sample 15 of those letters to create one billion unique codes.In practice, however, the characteristics of DNA mean that 15 letters are not e nough. Unlike the arbitrary numbers of a universal product code, the letters of DNA are not random, because they code for something that a biological meaning.Part Three WritingDirections: Boshi Electronic (China) Co., Ltd. is planning to recruit an assis tant to the general manager. Read the job description and qualification and wri te to this company to recommend yourself as a candidate. Your letter of applica tion should not be less than 300 words.Some topics for Speaking TestOpening Questions1. Do you like music What kind of music do you listen to these days Why do you like this particular music2. Do you like sports What kind of games do you often play Why do you like tha t game3. Suppose you have won $100,000 ina lottery. What would you do with this mone y4.Why do you choose Tsinghua to do your graduate program What are the most im portant factors in choosing a school5.What kind of job do you plan to take upon graduation Why6. How much time do you spend learning about the news everyday How do you lear n about the news, by watching TV or reading newspaperTalk about one piece of the latest new that impressed you a great deal.7. In the development of human society, many kinds of inventions have greatly benefited our lives. Could you give us some examples What do you think are the top important inventions in the past 50 years8. In everyone’s lif e, he may experience many good and bad events. Please tel l me some past events which made you feel good or bad.9. Do you use e-mail or the Internet What do you use them forII. Role plays or debate1. As the job-hunting season is approaching, many graduates have to decide whe ther to remain in Beijing and seek a job here (though it is not very easy to hu nt a good job) or go to small cities to have an easy life.Student A:It’s not advisable choice for us to work in Beijing, for the life in Beijing won’t b e easy.Student B:I will try every effort to remain here to have a further develop an d enjoy the exciting life here.2. As the industry develops more rapidly in these years, people in China become much more concerning about the environmental protection.Student A：I appeal to the government to postpone or stop some of the current p rojects, and punish the ones who are polluting our city. Industrialization brings us nothing but the stink of money and a dirty sky. We should not develop our industry intensely. The industrialization should be slowed down at once, or w e’ll get punishedStudent B:We shouldn’t reduce our production under any circumstance. I don’t mean to be unconventional. But I do prefer industrial development to environm ental protection. More exactly, industrialization can be the motivation and als o the supporter of environment protection, which may be the contrary to normal consideration.3. Deputies from the National People's Congress, as well as members of the Chi nese People's Political Consultative Conference, proposed changes to the holida ys at this year's congress. They called for shortened Labor Day and National Da y holidays, and the addition of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Tomb Sweeping D ay.Student A：I’m strongly agree to the change of the holidays, the golden week h as lots of disadvantages.Student B：I don’t think the golden week holiday should be abrogated, because people have been used to it. People need it.4. Our country has stepped into the aging society (people who are 65 or older have taken up 14%).Who will take care of the very old and disable old Where cou ld they spend the last few years in their lifeStudent A：The nursing home is the only way to solve the problem.Student B：I can’t agree. Those who live in the nursing home are not as happy as those who live with their family.5. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster Work with your partner and dis cuss the disaster(s) that you experienced or heard of.6. Student A：All the Chinese should join in the "Rejecting the Japanese Goods" side, because the Japanese have done too many things hurting our feelings. Student B："Rejecting the Japanese Goods" is not necessary. The Japanese goods, such as the Japanese notebook PCs, the Japanese cars and so on, are better and cheaper than ours.7. Student A：English language is tool—we learn it for we’re going to use it. So the four skills of English are very important. We attend the English Class for improving our English Skills.Student B：We attend the English class because the charm of a foreign culture o ften attracts us strongly. That is the very foundation stone of the interest of learning a foreign language. Furthermore, only by mastering the foreign lang uage can one attain the charm of a culture.8.Class discussion has become a common activity in our classroom nowadays. M any teachers use this activity to involve students in the class learning. Student A: It's a waste of time to listen to other students who are as ignor ant as us to talk nonsense; we prefer to listen to teachers.Student B：Class discussion can get students more involved in class learning an d can give us a chance to share what we know about the subjects.9. Nowadays internet has penetrated into every aspect of out daily life. A lot of people have ever tried to buy something from the internet.Student A: Shopping on internet is very convenient.Student B: I love the traditional shopping method.10. Student A: I worry about the future of human beings. We are facing so ma ny problems in the development.Student B:I do believe that our children will have a better life.A: Computer games are the best way to kill time and can people can learn a lot from playing it.B: Computer games do more harm than good to young people.11. A and B are two classmates who have never met after they graduated from the university 5 years ago. Now they meet at the classmates’ reunion party What would you say Role play the two old classmates.12. Did you have to adhere to a dress code or wear a uniform when you went sch ool How did you feel about it then How do you feel about it now Work in pairs t o discuss the topic.13. Role Play: Where are you from You and your partner may come from different regions inChina. Compare the lifestyles in each of your hometown by discussion what is hot (popular) and what is not in the city or town.14.Role Play: Tell each other a past event which made you feel good or bad .A embarrassed situation, un unforgettable school event, a happy reunion, or mee ting a famous person).15. What qualities do heroes in movies and TV shows in your country have Who a re some of your own personal heroes Why do you admire and respect these people Tell each other you heroes you respect.16. Nowadays, more and more parents choose to educate primary school children at home instead of sending them to school to get public education. How do you t hink about itA: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.17. Should the University Campus be open to touristA: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.about the marriage of the college students.A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.do you think the Clone technologyA: It’s a breakthrough of the biological engineer.B: Human cloning would cause a lot of problems.写作题型与篇章结构写作从命题语言形式上可以分为三类：1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement People are never sat isfied with what they have. They always want something more or something differ ent. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（表明观点：支持/反对）第二段：支持/反对理由一第三段：支持/反对理由二（第四段：支持/反对理由三）第五段：结论（归纳或重申观点）2. Some schools encourage their students to take part in team sports, such as football, baseball, and basketball. Other schools place greater emphasis on s uch individual sports as tennis, running, and swimming. Which type of sports program would you recommend for teenagers Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.该题型的篇章结构：（1）第一段：引言（用自己的语言解释命题，肯定两种观点的合理性）第二段：第一种观点的合理性第三段：第二种观点的合理性第四段：结论（自己的观点及两至三条理由或倾向于折中的观点）（2）第一段：引言（略提及自己反对的观点的合理性，转折后，明确表明自己支持的观点）第二段：自己支持的观点论据一第三段：自己支持的观点论据二（第四段：自己支持的观点论据三）第五段：结论（重申自己的观点）3. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important e ffect on your lives. Choose another invention that you think is important. G ive specific reasons for your choice.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（明确话题）第二段：讨论话题第一方面第三段：讨论话题第二方面（第四段：讨论话题第三方面）第五段：结论（总结前面提到的几个方面）范文1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Television has helped imp rove standards of education. Use specific reasons and details to support your a nswer.I disagree that television has helped improved standards of education for a num ber of reasons. The first and probably the most important reason is the program ming. Around the world it is movies, sit-com, soap operas, pop music and talk s hows which dominate TV screens. There may be nothing wrong with these, and they are certainly popular with audiences, but the content of these programs has no t helped to make people better educated.Typical television programs have also had a bad effect on viewers Attention spa n, that is, on how long they can concentrate. Most TV programs do not require m uch concentration and young viewers, especially, get used to this. Education, o n the other hand, does require concentration and young people find this increas ingly difficult.Another characteristic of television is that it encourages a passive attitude i n viewers instead of an active one. Most popular TV programs encourage an uncri tical response, but education requires you to think about what is presented to you, to react to it and in some way to make use of it. In addition, passive TV-watching has often taken the place of more active pursuits such as reading, mus ic, playing board games and conversation, all of which are more educational tha n a typical evening of TV.Finally, it seems to be true that television makes it difficult for viewers, es pecially young ones, to distinguish properly between fact and fiction. This con fusion, which is really another kind of uncritical response, again works agains t educational principles.Television has done many good things. It entertains lonely, old and sick people; it certainly helps countries’ economies by selling products, and can be very informative by bringing news from around the locality, the country and the worl d into peoples’ homes. However, by making people passive and uncritical, telev ision has a negative effect on education.范文2：There have been many arguments in recent years whether nuclear energy should be used to generate electricity. Do you think nuclear energy should or should not be used for this purpose in your country Which side do you agree with Use spec ific reasons and examples to support your answer.Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on b oth sides. People who support using nuclear energy to produce electricity usual ly give some or all of the following reasons. The first argument is that it is potentially cheaper than any other way. The second is that other ways of produc ing electricity require nonrenewable resources, such as coal and oil, and one d ay these will be used up. This, they say, is not the case if we use nuclear ene rgy. The third reason is more of a political one: some countries do not have the raw materials, such as coal, oil or water, which are needed to generate elect ricity and so they have to depend too much on other countries.People who attack using nuclear energy for generating electricity generally say that it is too dangerous, both now and in the future. They point to severe nuc lear accidents, such as Chernobyl, and some others in the United States, and sa y that the effects are so bad that the risk of an accident, even if the risk is very small, is not worthwhile. They also often say that there will be problems in the future of how to store the dangerous waste from old nuclear power stati ons, which can be deadly for thousands of years.As far as my own country is concerned, I believe there are two main reasons why it should not try to use nuclear energy at this time. Firstly, we have plenty of oil and hydroelectric energy from which to generate electricity. Secondly, i f countries like the United States and Russia can suffer nuclear accidents, it would be very difficult to guarantee safety in my country. Furthermore, we have many better and more urgent things to do with the money.常用词语与表达法1. Introductory:generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, comparativ ely speaking, comparatively, in general, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, to a certain degree, in my opinion, in my view, to my mind, as fo r me, as far as I am concerned, on a personal level, at an individual level, fr om a (personal and psychological) perspective, in some cases, in some respects, on a larger scale, at a local level, to take the idea further, to take the abo ve point to an extreme, putting the discussion in a wider context, following th e same line of…, traditionally, unfortunately, obviously, undoubtedly, practically speaking, simplistically speaking, economically speaking, financially spea king, in terms of, at the risk of sounding too cold, in a slightly cold calcula tion, at the risk of sounding too direct.2. Comparison: similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important, like, both…and…, the same as, (have…) in common, in a not dissim ilar way3. Contrast: on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, by contra st4. Exemplification:for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in p oint, as an illustration, such as, namely, that is, like, say5. Enumeraion: first, second, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, first and foremost, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, finally, supremely, eventually6.Cause:because…, because of, as, since, for, owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of7. Concession:although, nevertheless, however, but, yet, admittedly, it is t rue… but, in spite of, even though, granted that…, at the very worse8. Emphasis:chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, t o be sure, actually, above all, surely, most important of all, even worse, no d oubt, needless to say, more often than not9. Result:thus, so, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, as a consequence, on that account, it follows that…10. Summary:in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, fin ally, to sum up, to conclude, in a word常用句型Argumentation1、The idea of… is not without advantages.2、Nonetheless, pound for pound, I reckon that… is more advantageous.3、My view is that……4、Likewise, common sense tells us that……5、Many people would claim that……6、I also see a more serous reason for preferring to ……7、 A, by contrast, is blessed with advantages.8、Another reason why I would usually prefer to …… is that ……9、I can see that many of the advantages of …… seem obvious.10、 What is also wort h noticing is that……11、It might also be noted that……12、If we turn our attention to ……，we see that……13、There is no evidence to suggest that……14、The chief strength of …… is ……15、 A further reason why I advocate an attitude o f …… is that ……Exemplification1.I can think of no better illustration of the idea than the example of ……2.I can think of no better illustration of the view than the fact of ……3.Numerous other examples might be given easily, but these will suffice.4.we may c ite a single example of ……5.history presents many examples of ……6.The situation is not rare, it is one of many examples I have encountered.7.one very amusing example of this is ……Conclusion1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclus ion that ……2.Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that……3.Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely come to the conclusion that ……4.All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that ……5.All the analysis justifies an unshakable view that ……6.All the evidence confirms a sound idea that ……7.Personal experience leads me to the conclusion that ……8.I agree with the above statement because it seems to me that ……9.Above all, I have supported the statement that it is better to …… because……10.To be fair, I must own up the advantage that ……, but I firmly believe that……听力模拟题一Question 1-4Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Question 5-10Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Question 11-13Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.RIVERSIDE INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE11 Riverside Village was a good place to start an industry because it had wat er raw materials and fuels such as and .12 The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by who lived in the area.13 There were over water-powered mills in the area in the eighteenth century.Question 14-23Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.听力模拟题一——答案和听力原文Answer Key1shopping/ variety of shopping 2guided tours3more than 12/ over 124notice board513th February6Tower of London7Bristol8American Museum9student newspaper10Yentob11coalfirewood12local craftsmen1316014cities/ environment15windy16humid17shady/ shaded18dangerous19leaves20ground21 considerably reduce/ decrease/ filter22low23space/ roomAudio ScriptsQuestion 1-4MAN: Good morning.WOMAN:Good morning. How can I help youMAN: I understand that the school organizes…umm, trips to different…WOMAN:Yes, we run five every month(example): three during weekends and two Wednesday afternoon trips.MAN: What sort of placesWOMAN:Well, obviously it varies, but always places of historical interest and also which offer a variety of shopping(Q1), because our students always ask about that…and then we go for ones there we know there are guided tours(Q2), because this gives a good focus for the visit.MAN: Do you travel farWOMAN:Well, we’re lucky here, obviously, because we’re able to say that all our visits are less than three hours drive.MAN: How much do they costWOMAN:Again it varies-between five and fifteen pounds a head, depending on di stance.MAN: Ah ha…WOMAN:Oh, and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are m ore than twelve(Q3)people.MAN: Oh right, I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally WOMAN:We try to keep it pretty fixed so that, that students get to know the p attern. We leave at eight-thirty . and return at six . We figure it’s b est to keep the day fairly short.MAN: Oh yes. And how do we reserve a placeWOMAN:You sign your name on the notice board(Q4). Do you know where it is MAN: Ah ha. I saw it this morning.WOMAN: And we do ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we’ve got enough people interested to run it, and we can cancel if necessary, with fu ll refund of course.MAN: That’s fine, thanks.Question 5-10MAN: And what visits are planned for this termWOMAN:Right, well I’m afraid the schedule hasn’t been printed out yet, but we have confirmed the dates and planed the optional extra visits which you can also book in advance if you want to.MAN:Oh that’s all right. If you can just give some idea of the weekend ones so I can, you know, work out when to see friends, etcetera.WOMAN:Oh sure. Well, the first one is St Ives. That’s on the thirteenth of February(Q5)and we’ll have only sixteen places available ’cos we’re going by minibus. And that’s a day in town with the optional extra of visit ing the H epworth Museum.MAN:Oh right…yeah…that sounds good.WOMAN:Then there’s a London trip on the sixteenth of February and we’ll be taking a medium-sized coach so there’ll be forty-five places on that, and, let’s see, the optional extra is the Tower of London(Q6).MAN:Oh, I’ve already been there.WOMAN:After that there’s Bristol(Q7)on the third of March.MAN: WhereWOMAN:Bristol…B-R-I-S-T-O-L.MAN:OK….WOMAN:That’s in a different minibus with eighteen places available, oh, and the optional extra is a visit to the . Greet Britain.MAN:OK…WOMAN:We’re going to Salisbury on the eighteenth of March and that’s always a popular one because the optional extra is Stonehenge, so we’re taking the la rge coach with fifty seats…MAN: Oh good.WOMAN:And then the last one is to Bath on the twenty-third of March.MAN: Oh yes. Is Bath the Roman cityWOMAN: Yes, that’s right, and that’s in the sixteen-seater minibus.MAN: And where’s the optional visitWOMAN:It’s to the American Museum(Q8)- well worth a visit.MAN:OK, well that’s great, thanks for all that…WOMAN: My pleasure. By the way, if you want more information about any of the trips, have a look in the student newspaper(Q9).MAN: OK.WOMAN: Or, have a word with my assistant; her name is Jane Yentob(Q10) - th at’s Y-E-N-T-O-B.MAN: Right, I’ve got that. Thank you very much for all your help. WOMAN:You’re very welcome. I hope you enjoy the trips.Question 11-13Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit I’m just going to give you a brief account of the history of the mu seum before letting you roam about on your own. I won’t keep you long. OK Now, from where we’re standing you’ve got a good view of the river over th ere. And it was because of this fast-flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood(Q11), all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time.Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe A t that time, local craftsmen(Q12)first built an iron forge just behind the village here on the bend in the river. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centur ies the regions rivers supported more than a hundred and sixty(Q13)water mi lls-and many of these continued operate well into the nineteenth century. But t hen the steam engine was invented and then the railways came and the centers of industry were able to move away from the rivers and the countryside and into t he towns. So, industrial villages like this one became very rare.So that’s the history for you. If you’d like any more information, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guide book.Question 14-23Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I have been asked today to talk to you about th e urban landscape. There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk: h ow vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate, and how we can be。

清华大学考研辅导强化班课程《英语写作》清华大学外语系杨朝春主讲并提供文档资料第一讲General Introduction(总记)I. General Introduction (总论)1. The Role of Writing (写作的地位)2. Requirements for Writing in the Exam (考试对写作的要求)II. Use of Language (语言的使用)1. The use of words（选取最恰当的词使表达生动鲜明、充实而有效）1) 简易常用词和拼读复杂词由于历史的缘故，英语和北欧语、希腊语、意大利语和法语有着密切的联系，由此出现许多外来词。

而这些外来词在英语本语中往往可以找到同义或近义词。

一般来说，外来词较长，拼写与记忆较难，多用于正式文体，如政府文件、学术性著作、法律文书等，属于拼读复杂词；本语词拼写较短，多用于日常写作及会话，属于简易常用词。

从应试的角度来说，由于本语词较短、易识别且使用频率高，我们提倡多使用，这样可以提高表达效率，使文章清楚明了，又可减少错误率。

Examples:ask (本语) question(法语) interrogate (拉丁语)2) 一般词和具体词一般词具有概括和抽象的特点，适于在段落之首提出主题思想和末尾总结概括。

而具体词可以使意思表达的更准确、生动和鲜明，适于展开主题。

Examples:Plant: tree, bush, vegetable, flower, fruitVegetable: cabbage, turnip, carrots, onions, garlic, potatoes, cucumber, lettuce, cauliflower, pepper broccoli, eggplant, mushrooms, tomatoesFruit: apple, peach, pear, strawberry, grapes, orange, watermelon, pineapple, mango, bananas, kiwifruit, cherry, apricotWalk: edge, limp, shuffle, trudge, trot, pace, stagger, toddle, strollLook: see, watch, observe, perceive, sight, spot scan, glance peer, stare, gaze, beholdLaugh: giggle, titter, chuckle, grin, guffawCry: weep, sob, groan, wail, lament, whimper第二讲写作考试中一些常用词3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.第三讲句子的完整性3) 句子的完整性*My father who is very kind, learned and helped me a lot in my life.*They enjoy reading classic Chinese literature. Such as the poetry by Li Bai and Du Fu.4) 分句的连接*Reading books is one of the greatest pleasures of our lives, through reading books we can add to our knowledge and broaden our view.但，To err is human, to forgive is divine.Out of sight, out of mind.练习 1：选用恰当的词完成句子。

清华新生英语分级考试摘要：一、引言二、清华新生英语分级考试的背景和目的三、考试内容和形式四、考试对学生的意义五、建议和展望正文：一、引言清华大学作为我国顶尖高校之一，对于学生的英语能力要求非常高。

为了更好地因材施教，清华针对新生设置了英语分级考试，以便为学生提供更有针对性的英语教学。

本文将详细介绍清华新生英语分级考试的相关情况。

二、清华新生英语分级考试的背景和目的1.考试背景随着全球化的发展，英语作为国际通用语言在各个领域发挥着重要作用。

我国高校为了提高学生的国际竞争力，纷纷将英语作为必修课程。

清华大学作为国内一流高校，对学生的英语水平要求更高。

2.考试目的（1）根据学生的英语水平，为学生提供差异化教学，提高教学效果。

（2）激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性，使他们在英语学习中取得更好的成绩。

（3）培养具备国际视野和跨文化沟通能力的人才。

三、考试内容和形式1.考试内容清华新生英语分级考试主要测试学生的听、说、读、写四个方面的能力。

考试题目涵盖了日常生活、学术研究、社会热点等多个领域，旨在全面考察学生的英语实际运用能力。

2.考试形式考试采用在线考试的形式，学生需在规定时间内完成所有题目。

考试系统会根据学生的作答情况，自动评分并生成成绩报告。

四、考试对学生的意义1.帮助学生了解自己的英语水平，明确学习目标。

2.为学生提供更具针对性的英语课程，节省学习时间，提高学习效率。

3.激发学生的学习兴趣，培养学生的自主学习能力。

4.为学生提供一个展示自己英语水平的平台，为今后的学术交流和职业发展奠定基础。

五、建议和展望1.建议学校加强对新生英语分级考试的宣传和指导，让学生充分了解考试的重要性。

2.建议学校根据学生的英语水平，调整英语课程设置，使教学更具针对性。

3.展望未来，随着科技的发展，希望清华能够利用人工智能等技术，为学生提供更加个性化的英语教学服务。

总之，清华新生英语分级考试对于学生的英语学习和个人发展具有重要意义。

高考英语新课标（全国卷）考试大纲说明考试性质：普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试.高等学校根据考生的成绩,按已确定的招生计划德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

考试内容要和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部20**年颁布的《普通高中课程方案（实验）》和《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，确定本学科考试内容。

考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1．听力听力是是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。

该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。

考生应以：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。

有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。

（2）获取事实性的具体信息为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。

这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。

（3）对所听内容作出简单推断话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等对话含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人队口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。

（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或是提出或回答问题，阐述自己的想法，或者表明自己的态度或意见，对此的理解或推断在一般交往中非常重要。

有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的；有时，则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩、推断。

2．阅读理解阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

外国留学生本科入学考试大纲外国留学生工作办公室编印前言清华大学外国留学生入学考试是为招收外国来华留学本科生而进行的选拔性考试，为了让报考清华大学本科的外国留学生更全面地了解和掌握入学考试的基本内容，我们对原有的入学考试内容作了适当的修改和调整，供考生复习时参考。

报考理工科及管理学科考试科目：数学（百分制）物理（百分制）化学（满分50分）英语笔试（百分制）报考建筑学专业加试素描报考文科专业考试科目：基础汉语（百分制）英语笔试（百分制）中文写作和通识（满分100分，其中写作80分，通识20分）报考社会科学实验班加试文科数学、报考英语专业加试英语口试报考日语专业加试汉语口试报考美术专业考试科目：素描（百分制）色彩（百分制）速写（满分50分）中文写作和通识（满分100分，其中写作80分，通识20分）目录数学 (1)物理 (7)化学 (13)语文 (17)英语 (22)数学 (1)化学 (13)语文 (17)英语 (22)美术 (23)数学一、考试要求数学科考试旨在考察中学数学的基础知识、基本技能、基本思想和方法，考察思维能力、运算能力、空间想象能力以及分析问题和解决问题的能力.1. 知识要求对知识的要求由低到高，分为了解、理解、掌握、灵活和综合运用四个层次，且高一级的层次要求包含低一级的层次要求.了解、理解、掌握为对知识的基本要求（详见二.考试范围），灵活和综合运用不对应具体的考试内容.(1)了解(A)：对所列知识内容有初步的认识，会在有关的问题中进行识别和直接应用.(2)理解(B)：对所列知识内容有理性的认识，能够解释、举例或变形、推断，并利用所列知识解决简单问题.(3)掌握(C)：对所列知识内容有较深刻的理性认识，形成技能，并能利用所列知识解决有关问题.(4)灵活与综合运用(D)：系统地把握知识的内在联系，并能运用相关知识分析、解决较复杂的或综合性的问题.2.能力要求(1)思维能力：会对问题或资料进行观察、比较、分析、综合、抽象和概括；会用演绎、归纳和类比进行推理；能够合乎逻辑、准确、清晰地进行表达.(2)运算能力：会根据概念、公式、法则正确地对数、式、方程进行变形和运算；能分析条件，寻求与设计合理、简捷的运算途径；能根据要求对数据进行估计，并能进行近似计算.(3)空间想象能力：能根据条件画出正确的图形，根据图形想象出直观形象；能正确地分析出图形中的基本元素及其相互关系；能对图形进行分解、组合与变形.(4)分析问题和解决问题的能力：能阅读、理解对问题进行陈述的材料；能综合应用所学数学知识、思想和方法解决问题，包括解决在相关学科、生产、生活中的数学问题，并能用数学语言正确地加以表述.二、考试范围注：标﹡的内容文科数学不要求考试题型：选择题、填空题、解答题参考书：全日制普通高级中学教科书《数学》物理一. 考试要求对物理各部分知识掌握程度的要求，分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个层次：列为Ⅰ层次的知识，要求知道其内容和含义，并能在有关问题中识别和使用它们。

清华大学考研辅导强化班课程《英语写作》清华大学外语系杨朝春主讲并提供文档资料第一讲General Introduction(总记)I. General Introduction (总论)1. The Role of Writing (写作的地位)2. Requirements for Writing in the Exam (考试对写作的要求)II. Use of Language (语言的使用)1. The use of words（选取最恰当的词使表达生动鲜明、充实而有效）1) 简易常用词和拼读复杂词由于历史的缘故，英语和北欧语、希腊语、意大利语和法语有着密切的联系，由此出现许多外来词。

而这些外来词在英语本语中往往可以找到同义或近义词。

一般来说，外来词较长，拼写与记忆较难，多用于正式文体，如政府文件、学术性著作、法律文书等，属于拼读复杂词；本语词拼写较短，多用于日常写作及会话，属于简易常用词。

从应试的角度来说，由于本语词较短、易识别且使用频率高，我们提倡多使用，这样可以提高表达效率，使文章清楚明了，又可减少错误率。

Examples:ask (本语) question(法语) interrogate (拉丁语)2) 一般词和具体词一般词具有概括和抽象的特点，适于在段落之首提出主题思想和末尾总结概括。

而具体词可以使意思表达的更准确、生动和鲜明，适于展开主题。

Examples:Plant: tree, bush, vegetable, flower, fruitVegetable: cabbage, turnip, carrots, onions, garlic, potatoes, cucumber, lettuce, cauliflower, pepper broccoli, eggplant, mushrooms, tomatoesFruit: apple, peach, pear, strawberry, grapes, orange, watermelon, pineapple, mango, bananas, kiwifruit, cherry, apricotWalk: edge, limp, shuffle, trudge, trot, pace, stagger, toddle, strollLook: see, watch, observe, perceive, sight, spot scan, glance peer, stare, gaze, beholdLaugh: giggle, titter, chuckle, grin, guffawCry: weep, sob, groan, wail, lament, whimper第二讲写作考试中一些常用词3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.3）写作考试中一些常用词*Although she is one of my friends, she strongly against my opinion.*She is getting married in next month.*His body is healthy.*Children are dangerous when they play with matches.*In one hand we should study hard, in other hand we should be independent by doing part-time jobs.1) Such things do not happen every day. This is everyday occurrence.2) The birds are flying high in the sky. The leader was highly respected by people.3) The contemptible man is selfish and vain. There’s a contemptuous look on his face.4) He is a respectable old man. He is respectful toward his teachers.After the meeting they went back to their respective provinces.5) She is desirous of seeing him again. He is the desirable man for the position.6) Helping him is worthwhile. It is worthwhile helping him.The novel is worth studying. The novel is worthy of careful study.She has led a worthy life.7) alive afraid alone alike ashamed asleep awake aware8) economic economical healthy healthful imaginative imaginary beneficial beneficent9) senior junior superior inferior prior posterior10) The majority of, a great number of, a great many ofA great deal of, a great amount of, a bit ofA lot of, a quantity of, plenty of11) See, look at, watch, observe, notice, perceive, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, bid, have12) It’s surprising that neither the mother nor the children have prepared something for the Christmas party.Mary as well as her sisters was very happy to visit their grandparents in the country.2. Sentence (怎样写出地道流畅的句子)1) 句子成分的一致性*Swimming at the lake, Jim’s foot was cut by a rock.*While smoking a pipe, my dog sat with me by the crackling fire.*By planting different varieties of crops, the pests were unable to adapt.*Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.但，Generally speaking, a native English speaker will find German easier than French. To tell the truth, what she has done let us down.Considering the circumstances, he has done a good job.2) 分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性*John had a drinking problem and he dropped out of school. (because)*The employee is often late for work, and he writes illogical reports, and he is a poor manager, and he should be fired. (The employee should be fired because he is …)*The test was hard, and the students were resentful, and their teacher was irritated. (Because the students resented the hard test, their teacher was irritated.)*He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it did not seriously hurt him. (but was not seriously hurt.)*Take your time, and you should be careful. (Take your time and be careful)*I read the passage carefully, and several mistakes were found.第三讲句子的完整性3) 句子的完整性*My father who is very kind, learned and helped me a lot in my life.*They enjoy reading classic Chinese literature. Such as the poetry by Li Bai and Du Fu.4) 分句的连接*Reading books is one of the greatest pleasures of our lives, through reading books we can add to our knowledge and broaden our view.但，To err is human, to forgive is divine.Out of sight, out of mind.练习 1：选用恰当的词完成句子。