第五讲:句法翻译
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句法翻译法第一节名词性从句的翻译一、主语从句1、以what, whatever, whether, when, where, how, why等引导的主语从句,在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
(举例)What he told me was only liesWhen we can begin the journey is still a question.2、用it作形式主语的主语从句,可以把主语从句放到汉语句子的最前面翻译。
为了强调,it一般可以译出来, 翻译成“这”;如果不需要强调,it也可以不译出来, (但一定要采取颠倒语序倒着翻译!!!)(举例)It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.It seemed unbelievable that the pilot could have survived the crash.题二、宾语从句1.用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if等引导的宾语从句,在翻译成汉语的时候,一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
(举例)I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.Can you hear what I say?I don’t know that he swam across the river.I don’t know how he swam across the river.He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.2.用it作形式宾语的句子,在翻译的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一般可以按英语原文的顺序来翻译;it有时候可以不用翻译。
Lecture 7I.Inverted translation (换序译法)左右right and left 高矮short and tall 文艺art and literature 贫富rich and poor手疾眼快quick of eye and deft of hand 软硬hard and soft1. 他认真热情,一字不漏地记下了所说的话。
(谓语&状语进行调整)Conscientious and eager, he put down what was said, careful not to miss a word.2. 他们乐观、能干、热情,总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。
Optimistic, able and hospitable/warm-hearted, they always try every possible means to make your journey smooth and comfortable.3. 从他们走上祖国土地的时刻起,他们就受到同胞们热情接待。
(从…起—定语从句)Since/from the moment they set foot on their motherland, they will warmly received by their compatriots.4. 她,一个瘦弱多病的女孩子,以她坚强的毅力写出了一部部催人奋进的小说。
A thin and weak girl susceptible/vulnerable to diseases, she wrote one aspiring novel after another with strong will.5. 我们为顾全大局在第三方的调停下开诚布公地多次强烈要求贵方赔偿我们的一切损失。
(在…下:外围结构—独立结构;为的是…:目的—不定式) with the third party acting as an intermediary, to take the interests of the whole into account, we strongly demanded with frankness and sincerity many times that you should compensate allour losses.6. 环境好,图书设备充足,有良师益友指导启发,当然有很大的帮助,但是具备了这些条件,也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。
句法翻译- -英语和汉语在于法结构上差异很大,在翻译过程中,需要经常更换原文词语的前后顺序。
翻译是根据译文的语言习惯,对原文的词序进行调整,是译文做到最大程度上的通顺,这就是换序译法。
若照搬原文的词序,不顾译文语言的习惯,这样的翻译绘滑稽可笑,毫无通顺可言,因而译文也不信,违反翻译的标准。
翻译世纪要避免生硬的死译,也要避免不顾原文的现象。
一、换序翻译英语和汉语在于法结构上差异很大,在翻译过程中,需要经常更换原文词语的前后顺序。
翻译是根据译文的语言习惯,对原文的词序进行调整,是译文做到最大程度上的通顺,这就是换序译法。
若照搬原文的词序,不顾译文语言的习惯,这样的翻译绘滑稽可笑,毫无通顺可言,因而译文也不信,违反翻译的标准。
翻译世纪要避免生硬的死译,也要避免不顾原文的现象。
例子见P.81。
1.Even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. (Alex Haley, Roots)昆他觉得,即使他家乡的野兽也比这群人自尊自重。
(插入语换序)。
2.From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots. 他们从走上祖国土地的时刻起,就受到同胞们热情接待。
(定语从句换序)3.Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable. 他们乐观、能干、热情,总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。
(状语易位,并转变为谓语)。
4.Don't hesitate to come when you need help. 你们什么时候需要我,只管来找我。