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U11、信用紧缩的后果之一就是贫富差距进一步扩大。
As a consequence,,the credit crunch widened the disparity between the wealthy and the rest 3、次债危机过后，很多人已难以获得按揭贷款。
After subprime meltdown,getting a mortgage has been put out of the reach of many people.U23、金融吃紧，很可能会波及欧元区的经济弱国，进而对意大利形成潜在威胁。
The financial strains could become systemic across the weaker members of the eurozone ,and infecting potentially even Italy.4、商业银行包销了日本政府为减缓地震恐慌而发行的国债。
The commercial banks underwrote all the bonds issued by Japanese government against the earthquake. Panic.U32、这家设计公司把所有的计算技术工作都报给别家公司去做。
The projecting firm outsources all its computing work.3、供过于求，造成产品大量积压。
Production has outpaced demand,and a lot of products have been lying in the stock.U41、今年全国产出上涨远远高于趋势增长率。
National output has risen well above its trend trend rate this year.4、许多企业正试图利用繁荣的股市来募集扩张资金。
第一至第三单元Keys to unit 1Text A1) Omit.2) Economics studies the choices made by people who are faced with scarcity.3) Scarcity is a situation in which resources are limited and can be used in different ways, so we must sacrifice one thing for another.4) The resources are limited, and they can be used in different ways.5） Omit.6） Because of scarcity, people must make difficult choices: You must decide how to spend your time; the city must decide how to use its land.7) Omit.8) Together, the choices made by individuals, firms, and governments determine society's choices9) 1. What goods and services do we produce?2. How do we produce these goods and services?3. Who consumes the goods and services that are produced?10) For example, if we devote more resources to medical care, we have fewer resources for education and consumer goods. If we increase the number of people working in factories, we have fewer people to work on farms and in the classroom. Ⅱ. Translate the followings:Part APartBPart C1) 人类有多种需要和需求。
5 Ways The New Fed Chairman Will Be DifferentSure, they both play the saxophone. But don't mistake Bernanke for a Greenspan clone. He differs on how to fight inflation, won't stump us with double speak and roots for the Red Sox By DANIEL KADLECBen Bernanke knows he's filling big shoes. So when President Bush chose the White House's relatively new top economic adviser to succeed Alan Greenspan as chairman of the Federal Reserve, Bernanke professed alignment with the Maestro. The "top priority," he said, will be to "maintain continuity" with Greenspan's way of doing things.Bernanke, 51, seems suited to that task in ways big and small. Both men are independent thinkers who tilt gently to the political right. Greenspan is a consensus builder who rarely convenes a meeting without knowing every vote. Bernanke built a similar reputation running the economics department at Princeton from 1996 to 2002. "When he took over the chair, there was a lot of infighting and bickering," recalls Gene Grossman, a colleague at Princeton. "He made it one of his objectives to get more consensus on decisions." Greenspan and Bernanke play the saxophone and possess a wry sense of humor. Chided by the President for wearing tan socks with a dark suit, Bernanke bought more pairs and persuaded the Vice President and others to wear them.Greenspan navigated the economy through the stock-market crash of 1987, two recessions, a global financial crisis in 1998 and the burst Internet bubble in 2000. Assuming (as most do) that the Senate will confirm him for the most powerful economic post in the world, the era of Bernankenomics will begin Feb. 1, under gathering storm clouds. U.S. deficits are at all-time highs, the housing market may be in a bubble of Greenspan's making, and we have the first real whiffs of inflation in years. How will Bernanke steer the ship? For a clue, here are five ways that Ben Shalom Bernanke is not Alan Greenspan:1. A Science Rather than an ArtBernanke , who was named Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers after serving on the Fed's board of governors for three years, believes in a predictable approach to fighting inflation. Greenspan, in contrast, is a connoisseur of esoteric statistics and counts on the freedom to weigh them however he deems wise at the moment.In Bernanke's view, to lessen the possibility of a surprise that could create panic, it is paramount that financial markets understand what the Fed is doing. Although he believes in balancing formulas and judgment calls, Bernanke has argued for picking a target rate for inflation and making clear that the Fed would cut interest rates when inflation fell below the target and raise them when it pushed above. Bernanke's presumed target: about 3% for the Consumer Price Index.Greenspan believed targets would box him in. For example: if inflation markers were in place now, the Fed might be raising rates more quickly since hurricane damage on the Gulf Coastcaused fuel prices to spike. Greenspan's approach allows him to factor in how long oil production may be curbed and what will happen when prices recede.2. A Softer Line on InflationThe Fed has two main responsibilities: fighting inflation and fostering orderly growth. The two are sometimes at odds, and every Fed chairman must choose which way to lean. Greenspan, like Paul Volcker before him, is a proven inflation fighter. But Bernanke shows signs of tolerating rising prices. When the economy was threatened with deflation (generally falling prices) a few years ago, "he among all the Fed governors was most vocal about the need to generate inflation," says Alan Wild, a global fixed-income manager for Barings Bank. In November 2002, Bernanke publicly spoke of options, citing Milton Friedman's famous "helicopter drop" of money into the pockets of consumers via tax rebates to stimulate spending, which was radical stuff from a central banker. Some are now worried that Bernanke would overcorrect his reputation, raising rates too far to prove his credibility on the inflation-fighting front.3. Plain Talk, Not GreenspamThe Bernanke era promises to be toughest on Fed watchers who have made a living interpreting Greenspan. "Ben is crystal clear in both his writings and his speaking," says Frederic Mishkin, a friend and Columbia University economist. In Bernanke's experience, being direct works. As an 11-year-old, he won the South Carolina state spelling bee--but only after contesting a judge's ruling that he had misspelled a word. "He walked off, then came back and said, 'Excuse me, sir, but I spelled that word correctly,'" recalls his mother Edna. Sure enough, a tape recording proved him right. Bernanke's push for clarity influenced Greenspan to speed up the release of the minutes of Fed meetings.Contrast that with the tortured, Delphic utterances that have become legend with Greenspan. His wife, NBC correspondent Andrea Mitchell, has joked that he proposed twice before she understood what he was saying. After tongue-twisting comments by Greenspan to the Economic Club in New York City in 1995, headlines reflected the confusion he had sown. GREENSPAN HINTS FED MAY CUT INTEREST RATES, read the Washington Post. DOUBTS VOICED BY GREENSPAN ON A RATE CUT, said the New York Times. But the Maestro was clear about one thing: "Since becoming a central banker I have learned to mumble with great incoherence," he said in 1987. "If I seem unduly clear to you, you must have misunderstood what I said."4. In Style, a Family ManGreenspan, a dapper dresser, dated Barbara Walters before marrying Mitchell. He has been known to hit two or more functions in a night, comfortably mingling with politicians, journalists and celebrities. Nathaniel Brandon, a Beverly Hills, Calif., psychologist who with Greenspan had been in author Ayn Rand's inner circle, told TIME several years ago that while Rand likedand respected Greenspan, she also referred to him as a "social climber."Bernanke seems to want no part of that life. When he was appointed a Fed governor in Washington, the college professor "didn't have a suit to his name," says his father Philip. Bernanke realized he had to go shopping and "picked up four suits--all the same color." Before moving to Washington, he commuted from Princeton and told colleagues how he spent hours on the New Jersey Turnpike when he should have been with his wife Anna and two children, now college age. Says New York University economist Mark Gertler, who collaborated with Bernanke on several studies: "He would get home for dinner, and the subject changed. It wasn't economics anymore."5. Astronomy vs. PhilosophyEven Central bankers charged with steering the global economy are permitted their pastimes. Greenspan loves to roam well beyond the facts for intellectual stimulation. He was deeply influenced by Rand's classic Atlas Shrugged, which helped shape his view that individuals acting in self-interest make for fair and honest markets. Although Bernanke wrote an unpublished novel in his younger days, his reading list swings to the pragmatic. He spent a recent vacation with a book about astronomy and has read volumes about Milton Friedman, whom he regards as the 20th century's greatest economist for his arguments on the power of free markets.In the end, however, one key affinity may indicate that the two economists are more alike than different. Both are passionate about baseball, crediting the game with fostering their love of statistics. Bernanke, who as a youth developed a dice-based baseball game, loves the work of Bill James, the baseball statistician known for focusing on obscure data to evaluate talent. Both have adopted the Washington Nationals. But their deep loyalties reach beyond the Beltway--to two teams with frustrating histories. Greenspan is a New York Mets fan; Bernanke pulls for the Boston Red Sox. No doubt, more frustrations await Bernanke as he learns to mold the economy. But if he sticks to his numbers, he should do fine.。
商务英语阅读教程3unit6课后句子翻译第一篇：商务英语阅读教程3unit6课后句子翻译UNIT 6TEXT A成功的销售取决于你如何解决一些关键问题，这些包括：一个公司要生产什么，产品定价多少，如何将这些产品和服务送到消费者手中，如何向消费者介绍产品和服务顾客调查显示当他们选择供应商的时候，送货服务的好坏是其中一个最重要的标准一个组织所提供的服务的有形的展示必须证实顾客的猜想——金融服务产品需要在一个正式的场合提供给顾客，而提供儿童生日娱乐的公司则应该采用更加轻松的方式第二篇：商务英语阅读教程3unit5课后句子翻译Unit 5TEXT A德鲁克先生建议像女童子军那样的组织要和企业一样思考，尽管他们的宗旨是改变生活而非创造利润，他告诫她们，捐助者越来越依据结果而非动机去评判她们营销是一个很时髦的概念，销售经理成了营销副总裁，但是就算一个掘墓人被称为殡葬从业人员，他还是一个掘墓人，只不过丧葬费涨了一个组织内部会自我发展的东西只有混乱、摩擦和不良行为第三篇：商务英语阅读教程3unit7课后翻译答案UNIT 7TEXT A资不抵债和不良信贷率已接近历史记录，全国范围约6%的人不能按时偿还月供，自从FRED搜集数据以来第一次出现私房屋主的债务超过房子价格的情况。
大约九百万的私房屋主处于负资产，并且抵押贷款远高于房屋的市场价。
2最近一些年，逐渐扩大的贸易逆差拖累了美国输出的增长，现在贸易使美国经济逐渐走出了困境，在2007年的头几个月，出口增加和进口减少的结合使每年的GDP增长率增加了近1个百分点，但整体经济只增长了0.6个百分点3最关键的问题在于即使其他经济陷入衰退，是否出口仍能保持该水平，这取决于美国的低迷时期对削弱世界其他区域的增长有多大的影响，以及次贷危机对全球经济的影响有多深第四篇：商务英语阅读教程3unit8课后翻译答案UNIT 8TEXT A当人们刚开始在美国定居的年代，全国的零售形式的小贩背着商品到处兜售，18世纪末和19世纪初，在一些城市和主要定居点出现了普遍商店，以满足众多顾客和他们的不同需求如果商品在传统商店出售，零售商必须保证商店位置合适，安全方便，配备停车场，如果可能的话，还要有便捷的公共交通3顾客光顾零售商店的原因有很多，大多为了满足某样需求，有些顾客光顾商店是因为他是商店的忠实顾客，或者是为了通过购物经历来找人派遣孤独第五篇：商务英语写作课后翻译答案All staff and their family members are welcome.欢迎各位员工及家人参与。
