大学英语四六级考试_完型填空(cloze)专项训练

Cloze Test(完形填空）解题要决1、做题禁忌完形填空与单句填空不同。

单向填空只需对一个句子就可以作出选择，完形填空则全然不同。

由于短文的各段各行之间都存在一定的内在的逻辑联系，甚至有时所选的词之间也有这种联系。

因此，如果像做单句填空似的来做完型填空，势必会造“一步错、百步错”，“全盘皆乱”的局面。

即使考生的英语语言基础较好，也必须在做题前对原文一个整体上的认识。

否则，要想做好此项试题并非易事。

有为数不少的考生就是因为在做题前没有很好地阅读短文而忽略了短文句与句之间，段与句之间，段与段之间内在的逻辑联系，而在此项试题上丢了不少分，甚至将分数丧失殆尽。

2.解题要决（1）做题时语境线索的运用语境（Context）”，即某个词或短语在与其有关的周围其他词中的背景常被用来帮助解释该词或短语的意思，即“上下文”，例；A person deeply in love may become mad ;He got quite mad with his daughter who had damaged the vase.在这两个句子中第一本句子中mad意思是愚蠢”，第二个句子中的mad是“恼怒的，同一个词之所以在不同的情况下有不同的意思，就是因为语境的作用。

完形填空中的contest还有一层意思，就是指事情发生的一般条件，也就是“来龙去脉”，前因后果等，而“线索clue)”则指有助于指示问题答案或解决方法的任何东西，具体到完形填空上，就是指短文中有助于作出正确选择的任何暗示，可以是一个词，句子或是某种推理出的条件等。

那么“语境钱索(contextual clue)”就是指被用作完形填空试题的短文中所存在的词汇意思的上下文或事情发展的来龙去脉，它决定了空白处所应填充的词汇，而短文中任何一种反映这种词汇上下文意思或事情发展来龙去脉的东西(词，短语，句子，内容，推论等）都可以被称为“语境线素”。

在做完形填空时，语境线索的运用至关重要，只要找到了语境线索，也就是找到了为什么选择这个词而不是那个词的根据，做到了“知彼知已”、自然也就“百战不殆”了。

《大学英语六级真题试卷：实战演练，提升英语应用能力》一、写作部分（Writing）二、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It is a way to get around the city fast.B) It is an opportunity to learn about the city's history.C) It is a good place to meet people from other countries.D) It is an ideal choice for tourists to save money.2. A) It is more environmentally friendly.B) It helps to relieve traffic congestion.C) It is a good way to exercise.D) It saves a lot of time.3. A) They are trying to make cities more livable.B) They are looking for new ways to reduce air pollution.C) They are attempting to reduce the number of private cars.D) They are encouraging people to travel more.4. A) They help to make public transportation more popular.B) They encourage people to live a lowcarbon life.C) They aim to reduce the number of bicycles on the road.D) They provide people with better exercise facilities.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the passage you have just heard.5. A) They are very harmful to the environment.B) They cannot be recycled.C) They contain toxic substances.D) They are being phased out.6. A) It is biodegradable.B) It is harmful to the environment.C) It is difficult to recycle.D) It is expensive to produce.7. A) They are trying to reduce the use of plastic bags.B) They are encouraging the use of biodegradable bags.C) They are phases out nonrecyclable plastic bags.D) They are promoting the recycling of plastic bags.Passage TwoQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.8. A) They are more environmentally friendly.B) They consume less energy.C) They are more durable.D) They are more expensive.9. A) They help to save energy.B) They are more energyefficient.C) They are more environmentally friendly.D) They consume less energy.10. A) They are more energyefficient.B) They consume less energy.C) They are more environmentally friendly.D) They are more expensive.三、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）Section CDirections: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Passage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.《大学英语六级真题试卷：实战演练，提升英语应用能力》四、完型填空（Cloze）Section DDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.To protect your privacy online, there are several steps you can take. First, be (31)______ about what you share on social media. Second, use strong, unique passwords for your online accounts and (32)______ them regularly. Third, be cautious when downloading apps and using public WiFi, as these can be (33)______ for identity theft.五、翻译（Translation）Section EDirections: For this section, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国传统文化中，龙是吉祥的象征，代表着权力、威严和繁荣。

第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的所给选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Around twenty years ago I was living in Y ork. 41 I had a lot of experience and a, I could not find 42 work. I was 43 a school bus to makeends meet and 44 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 45 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 46 the job. “Why has my life become so 47 ?” I thought painfully. As I pulled the bus over to 48 a little girl, she handed me an earring 49 I should keep it 50 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.At first I got angry. Then it 51 me – I had been giving all of my 52 to what was going wrong with my 5 3 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to makea 54 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 55 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 56 from a lady who was a director at a larger 57 . She asked me if I would 58 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes. My 59 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid （报酬优厚的）job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 6 0 that I completely changed my life.41. A. As B. Though C. If D. When42. A. successful B. extra C. satisfying D. convenient43. A. driving B. repairing C. taking D. designing44. A. working B. travelling C. discussing D. living45. A. prepared for B. attended C. asked for D. held46. A. lose B. like C. find D. get47. A. hard B. busy C. serious D. short48. A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for49. A. ordering B. promising C. saying D. showing50. A. in case B. or else C. as if D. now that51. A. hurt B. hit C. caught D. moved52. A. feelings B. attention C. strength D. interests53. A. opinions B. education C. experiences D. life54. A. list B. book C. check D. copy55. A. connect B. turn C. keep D. add56. A. her B. a passenger C. me D. my friend57. A. hospital B. factory C. restaurant D. hotel58. A. listen to B. review C. give D. talk about59. A. plan B. choice C. day D. tour60. A. operation B. speaking C. employment D. thinkingCloze 【2012全国II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

全国英语CET六级考试完型填空密训题及答案全国英语CET六级考试完型填空密训题及答案The road of life is like a large river,because of the power of the currents,river courses appear unexpectedly where there is no flowing water.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的全国英语CET六级考试完型填空密训题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!If there was any time for American consumers to feel good, it would be this moment. Job growth is brisk. Paychecks are finally nudging up. And a surprise drop in gas prices has given the average (1) _______ an extra $700 a year.But six years after the end of the Great Recession, Americans are startlingly anxious about their economic (2) _______. They are sitting on their money in a way that suggests that the consumer psychology may have (3) _______ changed, with people less willing to spend than they were during other periods of economic prosperity.Government data released Friday showed that the economy (4) _______ at a 0.7 percent annual rate between January and March, in part because consumers pulled back on (5) _______. The disappointing numbers (6) _______ a steady clip of positive economic news that many analysts had used to suggest that the nation was on the verge of liftoff.Although the United States faces other headwinds (不利因素), the newfound prudence of American consumers has turned into the country's core economic dilemma. Some economists say that the recession caused a psychological (7) _______ deeper than initially appreciated, leaving Americans of all ages less willing to (8) _______ their money back into the economy in the form of vacations, clothing and nights out.It's a sharp contrast to the 1990s, when consumers spent (9) _______ as their wages rose robustly, and the 2000s, when Americans funded more lavish (浪费的) lifestyles with easy (10) _______ to credit cards and home-equity loans.A) illustrated B) access C) spending D) outstandingE) shrank F) prospects G) occupying H) householdI) covered J) interrupted K) fundamentally L) freelyM) trauma N) inject O) identical答案：1. H) household2. F) prospects3. K) fundamentally4. E) shrank5. C) spending6. J) interrupted7. M) trauma8. N) inject9. L) freely10. B) access。

完形填空(2011电大考试题库)（Cloze Test (2011)）一个人谁相信他是一bcdab cbcdc合同是两个或两个以上的人中，B B方交换C D其他什么可以做C或C++太B同样之间的协议我的一个朋友在国外，教学，是immenselyd票C但农业B B D C C 正确地把科学高效的B事实上代沟（代沟）已经成为一个严重的问题。

C报告D父母花D B B C D 同孩子的感情告诉一个可以理解一位女士曾写了一个很长的故事。

几周后，C B C D如何激发我是否仍然是在早餐B B不发送到C到D的发现一个自由的破坏，加上丰富的土地、自然资源。

但是D B C更多创意来源是D，C一C有一一种新机器正在开发乙例如D工作远离穿B让C B D D喜欢直接在如下一个相信自己无能的人不会真正effortb必要C可能D B C B太无用无C拒绝发现C的测定律师是律师谁给B建议然而C主管B保卫一个没有B说C在后面C与B的去除一个超级巨星__21__人已成为著名的体育运动，通常一张专辑C C年代记录B C D描述极作用从不久B比进行了一项调查，去年：cadbc adcbb进行了一项调查，去年C走一走D让C做B B C D B运动虽然大幅明智的购买是为了让你的钱更值钱。

好B C省A相信最好的C B B C 项作出采取保持在拥挤的公共汽车__21__和在嘈杂的机场大楼等，B C D旅行坐系B 错美B官方C对B票了丈夫上班走后，dbccb羧基之后我一直等待超过十分钟。

C C D B停止采取全远已失去A或B发现D到B运行阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是一个德国出生的美国物理学家，著名的C D B 世纪时在他自己的B C D D死赢得离开休息B起兴趣Ali，谁是工作离家很远的B to C也可以在C B D B D的人，你虽然室内设计自建筑之初就已经存在了，B包含了D明显的B，C为震惊，C是右D空间，D是装饰过的C决定B。

美国发明家Thomas Edison制造设施。

专业英语四级（完形填空）模拟试卷52(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. CLOZEPART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this【C1】______we go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, live in the【C2】______or go to the seaside. It is my profound belief that not only【C3】______we all need nature, but we all seek nature,【C4】______we know we are doing so or not. But despite this, our children are growing up【C5】______I spent my boyhood【C6】______trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed 【C7】______these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic and the loss of the open【C8】______ A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less【C9】______and greater physical ability than children used only【C10】______a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children【C11】______to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another study found that children play【C12】______in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级)【C13】______on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the 【C14】______But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much【C15】______ into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now on【C16】______and creativity. But children are frequently discouraged【C17】______involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for【C18】______that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is【C19】______to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their 【C20】______1．【C1】A．reasonB．advantageC．endD．purpose正确答案：C解析：固定搭配题。

完型填空模拟练习Exercise 1The man who brings my milk used to knock for his money for the week’s milk while I was eating breakfast on Saturday morning.1lately he has been arriving before I get up. Staff 2mean that four men are sharing five rounds. So he has to start 3. Delivering milk to people’s homes is scarcely good business, especially when the consumer may have a choice of two or three firms 4 a single road. 5my local difficulties, however, labor troubles are not as acute as a few years ago. There are enough men prepared to make an early morning stake 6an open-air job 7 a fair measure of freedom. 8they did stop calling, women should find 9hard work to collect all the milk they need 10self-service stores. Dairies 11that stopping deliveries in the United States resulted in falling sales.Marketing ideas have included introducing extra lines, 12dairy products, 13 the milkmen can carry to increase turnover. Already they have taken over many rounds given up by bakeries. One dairyman said: ―It won’t be long 14the milkman delivers more bread than milk.‖ Some milkmen deliver potatoes, 15it seems as though diversification will be limited only 16the size of the vans.So the milkman is likely to remain a familiar 17, and the dairy products he sells 18change very much in this decade. Flavored milk is popular on the Continent. In Britain those who like it buy plain milk and add their own flavoring.19the returnable bottle continues to be used. As long as it has a reasonable life-----30 to 40 trips are usual-----the cost of collection and cleaning is 20.1. A) Soon B) Just C) After D) When2. A) storage B) lack C) short D) shortages3. A) early B) earliest C) earlier D) more early4. A) serving B) deserving C) reserving D) preserving5. A) In spite of B) in case of C) Because of D) With6. A) for the reason of B) for the sake of C) in order for D) as for7. A) with B) for C) in D) to8. A) If B) Though C) As D) Because9. A) that B) it C) this D) X10. A) from B) for C) into D) through11. A) noticed B) are aware C) get to know D) understand12. A) except for B) for example C) in addition to D) such as13. A) for which B) in which C) of which D) which14. A) that B) when C) after D) before15. A) and B) for C)so D) however16. A) for B) by C) in D) with17. A) figure B) number C) staff D) rate18. A) are unlikely to B) are likely to C) are surely to D) are likely not to19. A) So B) For C) Even D) As20. A) worthy B) worthwhile C) worthless D) worthA land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply ——all these were important 1in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 2they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That ―something special‖ was men4individuals who could invent machines, find new5of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who6the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were8inventors than scientists. A man who is a 9scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10. He is not necessarily working 11that his findings can be used.An inventor of one interested in applied science is 12trying to make something that has a concrete 13. He may try to solve a problem by singing the theories 14 science or experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16other objectives.Most of people who 17the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18or no training in science might not have made their inventions 19 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years20.1. A) cases B) reasons C) factors D) situations2. A) But B) And C) Besides D) Even3. A) else B) near C) extra D) similar4. A) generating B) effective C) motivating D) creative5. A) origins B) sources C) bases D) discoveries6. A) employed B) created C) operated D) controlled7. A) came B) arrived C) stemmed D) appeared8. A) less B) better C) more D) worse9. A) genuine B) practical C) pure D) clever10. A) happily B) occasionally C) reluctantly D) accurately11. A) now B) and C) all D) so12. A) seldom B) sometimes C) usually D) never13. A) plan B) use C) idea D) means14. A) of B) with C) to D) as15. A) single B) sole C) specialized D) specific16. A) few B) those C) many D) all17. A) proposed B) developed C) supplied D) offered18. A) little B) much C) some D) any19. A) as B) if C) because D) while20. A) ago B) past C) ahead D)beforeThe last tunnel across the English channel is reported to have been linked at the end of June, 1991. Thus, the long-expected Eurotunnel will soon be open 1public. Before long, one will be able to travel from London to Paris 2 3.5 hours.Until recently, the English Channel was3by the British as their last-ditch defence 4their enemies. It was not until after World War Ⅱ5the British began to 6the importance of an all-weather link 7the outside world. 8there is still a psychological 9that stands between the British public and a bridge 10this particular stretch of water. Some people think that it’s going to have 11disadvantages than advantages. For example, the British have 12to control the spread of rabies （狂犬病）. They are afraid that Eurotunnel will 13back this terrible disease. Some people 14that the opening of the tunnel will 15Britain into a smuggler’s paradise. Others 16that the vast construction of the tunnel will 17the quiet greenery of the Knet countryside.18all these objections, the desire 19 a closer link with the 20and the entire world is irresistible. Most people believe that the tunnel will be good for Britain.1. A) for B) into C) to D) towards2. A) in B) for C) with D) within3. A) considered B) organized C) served D) turned4. A) against B) towards C) around D) beyond5. A) that B) which C) when D) and6. A) confirm B) realize C) define D) restrict7. A) over B) through C) in D) with8. A) Therefore B) Moreover C) Besides D) Yet9. A) block B) lock C) jam D) tie10. A) above B) across C) on D) up11. A) rather B) much C) many D) more12. A) planned B) developed C) managed D) succeeded13. A) return B) come C) bring D) get14. A) afraid B) fear C) frighten D) threaten15. A) plunge B) put C) turn D) set16. A) argue B) quarrel C) inquire D) judge17. A) collapse B) destroy C) impact D) grind18.A) In addition to B) Despite C) Regardless D) But for19. A) of B) for C) concerning D) around20. A) land B) country C) continent D) peopleExercise 4How did music begin? Scholars differ about the 1of music. Early man probably 2 to use his voice for singing before he discovered how to make musical instruments. Very 3 he sang simple chants to go with his magic rites. (Through magic, primitive man thought he could bring rain, make the sun 4or help his crops grow.) Thus the first melodies were born.Man soon learned how to make musical instruments out of 5he found around him. He made rattles out of nuts and gourds. He blew into bones or reeds to make a 6sound.Hollow logs made excellent drums. These instruments heightened the 7man’s singing and marked the rhythm of his dances.When primitive men sang8groups, it is likely that not all the singers sang the melodies on the same 9. One singer perhaps sang his melody four or five steps higher than 10. If two or three singers 11this, several notes were sounded at the same time. Thus early man probably 12the beginnings of harmony, the sounding of several tones together.13 a very long time music was not written down. It was sung or 14from memory. One singer might teach a song or others, and they 15would sing it to their friends or teach it to their children. Of course, many changes 16into tunes this way. Man needed to find a way of writing his music down, so that it would be sung or played exactly as he had17 it. The method that man developed for writing music is called notation.Musical notation, like written language, is a 18of communication. It enables the composer to record his music in written symbols. Musicians can read these symbols and the composer’s ideas to 19in sound, thus 20them to the listener.1. A) source B) origin C) appearance D) background2. A) learned B) chose C) trained D) happened3. A) much B) hard C) likely D) well4. A) shine B) shining C) shone D) to shine5. A) samples B) patterns C) products D) things6. A) charming B) hissing C) whistling D) penetrating7. A) quality B) effect C) strength D) performance8. A) from B) by C) with D) in9. A) tune B) tone C) pitch D) rhythm10. A) other B) the other C) others D) the others11. A) did B) sang C) had D) made12. A) initiated B) experienced C) expected D) volunteered13. A) Before B) For C) Since D) Until14. A) played B) presented C) recorded D) recited15. A) in fact B) in case C) in general D) in turn16. A) crawled B) stole C) crept D) stamped17. A) devised B) composed C) imagined D) conceived18. A) means B) medium C) symbol D) signal19. A) image B) vision C) life D) reality20. A) producing B) interpreting C) transplanting D) communicatingExercise 5In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved around the earth. An 17% did not know which revolved around2. 3 I have no doubt that all of these people were4in school that the earth revolves around the sun; 5may even have written it 6 a test. But they never 7their incorrect mental models of planetary8because their everyday observation didn’t suppor t 9their teachers told them: People see the sun ―moving‖ 10the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary 11that is happening.Students can learn the right answers 12heart in class, and yet never combined them 13their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 14personal understanding of the world can 15side by side, each unaffected by the other.Outside of class, the student continues to use the 16model because it has always worked well17that circumstance. Unless professors address18errors in students’ personal models of the world, students are not 19to replace them with the 20one.1. A) excessive B) extra C) additional D) added2. A) what B) which C) that D) other3. A) Virtually B) Remarkably C) Ideally D) Preferably4. A) learned B) suggested C) taught D) advised5. A) those B) these C) who D) they6. A) on B) with C) under D) for7. A) formed B) altered C) believed D) thought8. A) operation B) position C) motion D) location9. A) how B) which C) that D) what10. A) around B) across C) on D) above11. A) since B) so C) while D) for12. A) to B) by C) in D) with13. A) with B) into C) to D) along14. A) adult’s B) teacher’s C) scientist’s D) student’s15. A) exist B) occur C) survive D) maintain16. A) private B) individual C) personal D) own17. A) in B) with C) on D) for18. A) general B) natural C) similar D) specific19. A) obliged B) likely C) probable D) partial20. A) perfect B) better C) reasonable D) correctExercise 6In Japan most people still feel that a woman’s place is in the home; and most women willingly accept their1role as wife, leaving the business of making a living 2their husbands.For those who 3want a career of their own, opportunities are limited, and working women usually have to 4for lower wages, fewer promotions, less responsible 5. In American, on the other hand, most women, 6wives and mothers, work most of their lives.But 7, few have had real careers. As in Japan most fields are 8by men and opportunities for women have been 9, salaries low, chances for advancement 10.American women work mainly because they 11; in these days of inflation and luxurious living, 12income per family is simply not enough to 13.So American women actually have two jobs; one nine to five position outside the home, and 14round-the-clock in-the-home job 15wife, housemaid, cook, and nurse. One of the main goals of the modern women’s liberation movement, which started 16was to eliminate sex discrimination in the work force, and to 17careers for women that were previously 18for men. And though there is still a long way to 19, a lot of progress has been 20.1. A) conservative B) traditional C) usual D) unhappy2. A) for B) to C) with D) away with3. A) very B) truly C) do D) indeed4. A) settle B) ask C) request D) search5. A) titles B) assignments C) status D) positions6. A) concerning B) containing C) including D) involving7. A) at present B) recently C) until recently D) not until recently8. A) owned B) led C) kept D) dominated9. A) restricted B) reduced C) bounded D) prohibited10. A) small B) rare C) inadequate D) scarce11. A) should B) like C) ought D) have to12. A) one B) only C) single D) the one13. A) live B) feed on C) live on D) support14. A) another B) other C) one D) the other15. A) such as B) as B) like D) acting16. A) in the early 1960s B) early in the 1960C) in early the 1960s D) in the early 196017. A) lead to B) offer C) open up D) set up18. A) preserved B) concerned C) observed D) reserved19. A) go B) strive C) travel D) pull through20. A) made B) covered C) taken D) completedExercise 7A major reason for 1in the animal world is territory. The male animal establishes an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his wife and their 2. Migrating birds, for example, dividing up the best territory 3the order of ― first come, first served.‖ The late arrivals may acquire 4territories. 5less food is available, or they are too close to the 6of the enemies of the species. If there is really 7food or the danger is very great, the animal will not 8.In this way, the member of species which are less fit 9have offspringWhen there is conflict 10territory, animal will 11use force, or 12 of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, 13that animals seem to use 14the minimum amount of force 15to drive away the intruder. There is 16killing.In the 17of those animals which are capable of doing each other great harm, 18is a system for the losing animal to show his willingness that he wishes to submit. When he shows this, the 19normally stops fighting. Animals ( especially birds), which can easily escape from conflict seem to have 20obstacle against killing, and equally no mechanism for submission. The losing bird simply flies away.1. A) fighting B) against C) conflict D) killing2. A) mates B) friends C) neighbors D) offspring3. A) in B) for C) about D) with4. A) smaller B) larger C) better D) worse5. A) so B) either C) but D) therefore6. A) caves B) houses C) habitats D) residence7. A) enough B) insufficient C) delicious D) ordinary8. A) compete B) eat C) breed D) mate9. A) may B) must C) will not D) should10.A) for B) with C) over D) to11. A) certainly B) commonly C) really D) practically12. A) a show B) an amount C) an act D) a comparison13. A) though B) however C) as a result D) as it is14. A) only B) largely C) mainly D) undoubtedly15. A) essential B) vital C) necessary D) compulsory16. A) usually much B) occasionally C) usually no D) inevitable17. A) case B) event C) manner D) way18. A) this B) that C) it D) there19. A) loser B) victor C) successor D) killer20. A) any B) some C) every D) no.Exercise 8In the next 40 years, the percentage of people in the United States over the age of 65 is expected to double. 1the needs of this part of the population is a 2to the ingenuity of America. To a 3degree, a society is judged by 4it cares for those who can no 5care for themselves.High technology 6the most startling advances in helping the elderly. In 7to the well-known artificial heart implantation, there are efforts underway to 8artificial lungs, livers, and bones. An electric ear is 9seventy-five percent effective. They will 10better medical care by 11minute doses of drugs into the body continuously.For the older people, even the simplest tasks can be difficult, 12impossible to perform. American business have responded 13their needs with a 14of inexpensive but useful 15.Companies have designed extra-efficient can openers that 16people whose hands have become 17weak to open cans easily. There are devices that allow people to pull on a pair of socks 18straining their backs. Combs with long handles and U-shaped back brushes are 19for those who can not reach as far as they could 20they were young.1. A) Seeing B) Meeting C) Facing D) Matching2. A) chance B) challenge C) call D) interference3. A) valuable B) comprehension C) considerate D) considerable4. A) how B) why C) what D) whom5. A) doubt B) sooner C) wonder D) longer6. A) protects B) profits C) proclaims D) promises7. A) relation B) contrast C) addition D) proportion8. A) discover B) promote C) assemble D) develop9. A) thus B) still C) already D) yet10. A) permit B) persist C) serve D) pursue11. A) removing B) releasing C) relieving D) replacing12. A) always B) usually C) eventually D) sometimes13. A) to B) at C) with D) on14. A) set B) variety C) series D) group15. A) production B) produce C) products D) sales16. A) enable B) make C) cause D) encourage17. A) so B) very C) too D) rather18. A) by B) without C) in D) for19. A) valuable B) ready C) near D) available20. A) if B) unless C) when D) sinExercise 9Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.1in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 2on both sides with many 3 businesses.Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 4, some shops offered 5. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.6in the 1950s, a change began to 7. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8too few parking places were 9shoppers.Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got 11the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 12as a collection of small new stores 13crowded city centers.14by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 15areas to outlying malls. And the growing 16of shopping centers led 17to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. 18the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.In addition to providing the 19of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 20benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.1. A) As early as B) Early C) Early as D) Earlier2. A) built B) designed C) intended D) lined3. A) varied B) various C) sorted D) mixed up4. A) Apart from B) However C) In addition D) As well5. A) medical care B) food C) cosmetics D) serves6. A) Suddenly B) Abruptly C) Contrarily D) But7. A) be taking place B) take placeC) be taken place D) have taken place8. A) while B) yet C) though D) and then9. A) available for B) available to C) used by D) ready for10. A) over B) from C) out of D) outside11. A) when B) while C) since D) then12. A) started B) founded C) set up D) organized13. A) out of B) away from C) next to D) near14. A) Attracted B) Surprised C) Delighted D) Enjoyed15. A) inner B) central C) shopping D) downtown16. A) distinction B) fame C) popularity D) liking17. A) on B) in turn C) by turns D) further18. A) By B) During C) In D) Towards19. A) cheapness B) readiness C) convenience D) handiness20. A) because of B) and C) with D) providedExercise 10Yes, but what did we 1to do before there was television? How2we hear statements like this! Television hasn’t been with us all 3long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was4without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster （怪物）into our homes, we never 5it difficult to 6our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to 7 our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting 8. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that 9to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box（电视机）. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be 10 for this or that program. We have even 11sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, 12the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will 13– anything, providing it doesn’t 14with the program. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and 15 . If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a program, he is quickly 16.Whole generations are growing up 17to the TV. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost. The TV is a universal pacifier（抚慰者）. It is now standard 18 for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn’t 19that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of violence –20they are quiet.1. A) used B) use C) do D) have2. A) much B) likely C) often D) long3. A) that B) too C) these D) such4. A) alike B) like C) likely D) likened5. A) see B) took C) found D) had6. A) occupy B) take C) cost D) get7. A) amuse B) relax C) entertain D) treat8. A) incidents B) events C) games D) programs9. A) belongs B) is C) goes D) turns10. A) in time B) on time C) catch time D) timing11. A) given in B) given off C) given out D) given up12. A) changing B) exchanging C) communicating D) watching13. A) do B) function C) work out D) serve14. A) go B) trouble C) interfere D) annoy15. A) help B) attention C) success D) knowledge16. A) silent B) silenced C) silence D) quiet17. A) relying B) dependent C) addicted D) drawn18. A) thing B) practice C) matter D) action19. A) count B) matter C) bother D) hurt20. A) so long as B) until C) because D) whenExercise 11Increased 1increases the need for natural resources and also increases 2 produce. Making a new useful product 3 a waste product decreases our need for 4 resources. Recycling means using something over 5after it has been use once. This is supposed to be a popular practice within ten years.Have you ever seen a piece of 6paper? About 7of all the paper products made each year are made from waste paper. For example, recycled paper is usually used to make paper sacks. Recycling paper, 8newspapers,9the number of trees that must be cut each year to make newspapers.Each person 10 a lot of solid waste every day. In the United States, the 11 is eight kilograms of waste per person each day. 12the waste is garbage and trash. Finding places to dispose solid wastes is a 13problem.In many cities wastes are 14and the trash part is burned in incinerator(焚烧) plants. Air pollution15devices are used to prevent pollution. Heat produced in the burning may be used to 16electricity. Waste that is not combustible（易燃的）is taken to a 17 dump. One kind of dump for the disposal 18solid wastes is a sanitary landfill (废渣填埋池). This method 19 burying the wastes and covering soil over them. Parks, baseball fields, airports, and other 20may be built on completely filled landfills （垃圾掩埋场）.1. A) populace B) population C) populous D) people2. A) rubbish B) junk C) waste D) refuse3. A) out of B) in C) to D) for4. A) national B) natural C) artificial D) genuine5. A) once B) repeatedly C) again D) shortly6. A) recycling B) recycled C) recycle D) renewed7. A) one third B) one three C) third firsts D) first three8. A) namely B) such as C) for example D) etc.9. A) reduces B) drops C) slows D) loosens10. A) make B) produces C) gives D) turns11. A) common B) average C) total D) amount12. A) Mostly B) Almost C) Most of D) Totally13. A) imperative B) major C) great D) harsh14. A) turned B) assembled C) collected D) finished15. A) control B) controlling C) controlled D) management16. A) give B) generate C) send D) take17. A) near B) far C) distant D) front18. A) to B) with C) in D) of19. A) takes B) evolves C) involves D) revolves20. A) stories B) theaters C) developments D) schoolsExercise 12Shyness is the 1of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively 2with their own appearance and 3. Worrisome thoughts are constantly 4in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing 5clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must 6people adversely. A person’s self-concept is 7in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. 8,the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people, having 9self-esteem (尊重), are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing ―the right thing.‖ Shy people are very sensitive 10criticism; they feel it 11their inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments (恭维) because they believe they are 12of praise.A shy person may respond to a compliment with a 13like this one: ―You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.‖ It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, 14it is harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least 15? Fortunately, people can 16 shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes 17with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their 18. For example, most people would like to be ―A‖ students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves 19because they have difficulty in some areas. Peopl e’s expectations of themselves must be 20. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.1. A) base B) basis C) cause D) reason2. A) worried B) concerned C) surprised D) amused3. A) acts B) actions C) style D) deeds4. A) taking place B) ringing C) occurring D) striking5. A) magnificent B) appealing C) fun D) unattractive6. A) effect B) interfere C) affect D) turn7. A) reacted B) replied C) reflected D) responded8. A) In general B) Furthermore C) However D) Nevertheless9. A) high B) low C) medium D) no10. A) about B) against C) at D) for11. A) gives B) makes C) confirms D) generate12. A) worthy B) unworthy C) deserving D) aware13. A) word B) sentence C) statement D) announcement14. A) undertaking B) overdoing C) exercising D) trying15. A) dropped B) reduced C) abandoned D) abided16. A) get B) handle C) dispose D) overcome17. A) hand in hand B) next C) after D) short of18. A) advantages B) strengths C) flaws D) length19. A) low B) inferior C) bad D) disabled20. A) true B) real C) realistic D) genuine四级完形填空答案Exercise 11. 【分析】答案Bjust 表示―只是‖，作副词修饰lately。

历年英语四级完形填空真题及参考答案1. Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not __67__ from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, "mail order" catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier __68__ fax.E-commerce follows the same model __69__ in other business transactions; the difference __70__ in the details.To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists __71__ online ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, __72__ an item, arranges a form of payment, and __73__ an order. Instead of a physical catalog, e-commerce arranges for catalogs to be __74__ on the Internet. Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent __75__ a computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check, e-commerce __76__ one to send payment information electronically.In the decade __77__ 1993, e-commerce grew from an __78__ novelty (新奇事物) to a mainstream business influence. In 1993, few __79__ had a web page, and __80__ a handful allowed one to order products or services online. Ten years __81__, both large and small businesses had web pages, and most __82__ users with the opportunity to place an order. __83__, many banks added online access, __84__ online banking and bill paying became __85__. More importantly, the value of goods and services __86__ over the Internet grew dramatically after 1997.67.A) distract B) descend C) differ D) derive68.A) with B) via C) from D) off69.A) appeared B) used C) resorted D) served70.A) situates B) lies C) roots D) locates71.A) on B) of C) for D) to72.A) reflects B) detects C) protects D) selects73.A) sends in B) puts out C) stands for D) carries away74.A) visible B) responsible C) feasible D) sensible75.A) beside B) over C) beyond D) up76.A) appeals B) admits C) advocates D) allows77.A) after B) behind C) until D) toward78.A) optional B) invalid C) occasional D) insignificant79.A) communities B) corps C) corporations D) compounds80.A) largely B) slightly C) solely D) only81.A) lately B) later C) late D) latter82.A) offered B) convinced C) equipped D) provided83.A) Instead B) Nevertheless C) However D) Besides84.A) and B) or C) but D) though85.A) different B) flexible C) widespread D) productive86.A) acquired B) adapted C) practiced D) proceeded参考答案：67. B) differ68. B) via69. B) used70. B) lies71. B) of72. D) selects73. A) sends in74. A) visible75. C) beyond76. D) allows77. B) behind78. D) insignificant79. C) corporations80. D) only81. B) later82. D) provided83. D) besides84. A) and85. C) widespread86. A) acquired2. Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

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D.stan.in20.A.aimles.B.helples.C.unfocuse.D.undecidedWha.d.yo.loo.fo.i..potentia.date.Sincerity.Goo.looks.Character.Conversationa.ability.Aske.t.____1___.suc.qualities.mos.peo pl.pu.physica.attractivenes.nea.th.____2___.o.th.list.O.course.Intelligen.peopl.ar.no.greatl.concerne.____3___.suc.superficia.qualitie.a.goo.____4____.the.kno.tha.“beaut.i.onl.ski.____5____..A.least the.kno.that’.ho.the.____6___.feel.This intuition ____7____ looks matter little may be another example of our ____8____ real influences upon us, for there are many research studies ____9____ that appearance greatly determines initial attraction.Som.researcher.hav.matche.student.____10___.blin.date.t.se.wha.qualitie.le.t.liking.Immediatel.afte.th.dating.an.agai.thre.m ter.th.student.____11___.thei.date.an.speculate.abou.____12___.the.fel.a.the.did.Me.mor.tha.wome.____13___.thei.d ate’.physica.attractivenes.wa.important.But.____14___.th.date’.physica.attractivenes.actuall.predicte.th.women’.attracti o.____15___.thei.date.mor.tha.men.In another study, Elaine Hatfield ____16____ 752 university freshmen for a dance party.Fo.eac.person.th.researcher.secure..variet.o.____17___.an.aptitud.(能力.tes.scores.bu.the.actuall.matche.th.couple.____18___..Th.couple.evaluate.thei.date.afte.th.party.Ho.wel.di.th.personalit.an.aptitud.test.predic.attraction.No.wel.a.all.____19___.th.researcher.coul.see.onl.on.thin.____20___..ho.physicall.attractiv.th.p erso.was.Th.mor.attractiv..woman.th.mor.h.like.he.an.wante.t.dat.he.again.1.A.list.B.selec. C.rank.D.arrange2.A.top.B.middl.C.bottom.D.front3.A.t. B.at.C.i. D.with4.A.look.B.looks.C.lookin.D.lookings5.A.deep.B.thick.C.shallo.D.thin6.A.hav.to.B.ough.t.C.mus. D.should7.A.a. B.what.C.whic. .that8.A.accepting.B.admitting.C.refusin. D.denying9.A.indicate.B.t.indicate.C.indicating.D.indicated10.A.to.B.on.C.a. D.inmunicated12.A.wha. B.ho. C.why.D.that13.A.believed.B.suspected.C.con.rmed.D.argued14.A.t.th.contrary.B.i.additio.C.i.spit.o.that.D.similarly15.A.at.B.in.C.with.D.to16.A.recruited.B.enrolled.C.matched.D.dated17.A.personalit. B.appearanc. C.achievements.D.individuality18.A.interactivel.B.randomly.C.precisely.D.systematically19.A.A.lon.a.B.S.muc.s.tha. C.T.th.exten.that.D.S.fa.as20.A.predicted.B.mattered.C.valued.D.determined该Cloze来自1984年考研英语真题英译汉一篇短文: Electricit.i.suc..par.o.ou.everyda.live.an.s.muc.take.fo.gr ante.nowaday.tha.w.rarel.thin.twic.whe.w.switc.o.th.ligh.o.t ur.o.th.radio.A.night.road.ar.brightl.lit.enablin.peopl.an.traf e.i.advertisin.ha.becom.par.o.t bor-savin.device.ar.powere.b.electricity.Eve.whe.w.tur.of.th.be .drivin.ou.r efrigerators.heatin.ou.water.o.keepin.ou.room.air-conditioned.Ever.day.trains.trolley-buses.an.tram.tak.u.t.an.fro.work.W.rarel.bothe.t.conside.w h.o.ho.the.run---unti.somethin.goe.wrong.I.th.summe.o.1959.somethin.di.g.wron.wit.th.power-plan.tha.provide.Ne.Yor.wit.electricity.Fo..grea.man.hours.lif.cam.t..standstill.Train.refuse.t.mov.an.th.peopl.i.the.sa.i.t h.dark.powerles.t.d.anything.lift.stoppe.working.s.tha.eve.i. yo.wer.luck.enoug.no.t.b.trappe.betwee.tw.floors.yo.ha.th.u npleasan.tas.o.findin.you.wa.dow.hundred.o.flight.o.stairs. Famou.street.lik.Broadwa.an.Fift.Avenu.i.a.instan.becam.a. gloom.an.uninvitin.a.th.mos.remot.bac.streets.Peopl.wer.afr ai.t.leav.thei.houses.fo.althoug.th.polic.ha.bee.ordere.t.stan.b.i.cas.o.emergency.the.wer.jus.a.confuse.an.helples.a.anyo n.else.Meanwhile.simila.disorde.prevaile.i.th.home.Ne.Yor.ca.b .stiflin.i.th.summe.an.thi.yea.wa.n.exception.Cool.air-conditione.apartment.becam.furnaces.Foo.wen.ba.i.refriger ators.Cake.an.joint.o.mea.remaine.uncooke.i.coolin.ovens.P nde.fro.Mars.On.o.th.strang.thing.tha.occurre.durin.th.powe r-cu.wa.tha.som.fift.blin.peopl.lea.man.sighte.worker.home. Whe.th.light.cam.o.again.hardl..perso.i.th.cit.ca.hav.turne.o. .switc.withou.reflectin.ho.grea..servan.h.ha.a.hi.fingertips.PART III CLOZE31. [D] 句意为: 电是平常生活一部分, 目前, 我们已经习认为常, 以至于开灯或开电视时很少仔细考虑电问题。

专业英语四级（完形填空）模拟试卷42(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. CLOZEPART III CLOZE (15 MIN)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Britain is facing a【C1】______rise in its rat population【C2】______growing numbers of people leave fast food scraps in the street, an environment group warned. Keep Britain Tidy said the rodents were【C3】______their traditional haunts underground and were roaming the streets, enticed【C4】______discarded remnants of burgers, pizzas and crisps. “The rat population is【C5】______the rise and soon it’ll be as common to see a rodent on our street【C6】______it is to see a dog or a cat,” said group Director, Sue Nelson. The practice of dumping fast food litter and scraps on the street【C7】______in the trash—with young men the worst offenders—was behind the rise.【C8】______to the National Rodent Survey in 2001, Britain’s rat population has grown by nearly one quarter【C9】______1998 and is now【C10】______at 60 million, two million more than the【C11】______population. On【C12】______a rat can give 【C13】______every 24~28 days and just a single pair of rats can【C14】______a colony of 2,000 a year. Around 200 Britons a year【C15】______Weil’s Disease—an infection which can【C16】______kidney or liver【C17】______and eventually【C18】______and which is carried in rat’s urine. To【C19】______the issue, Keep Britain Tidy launched a cinema【C20】______entitled “How close do you want them to get?”The ad culminates in a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rats—echoing the nightmare scenario from James Herbert’s classic horror tale The Rats, in which mutant rodents begin to prey on humans.1．【C1】A．highB．sharpC．steepD．slight正确答案：B解析：固定搭配题A，C均不可与rise搭配。

Cloze (1)Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as 1 and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.Farmers can also call 2 the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of 3 trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport ; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and 4 strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is 5 , so most hunters are wealthy.It is 6 that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people 7 fox hunting, because they think it is brutal ( 残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is 8 for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation ( 冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents9 violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the 10 of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow.1. A. disturbing B. harmful C. unbearable D. unnecessary2. A. for B. in C. on D. up3. A. especially B. specially C. particularly D. distinctly4. A. follow B. conduct C. obey D. act5. A. difficult B. expensive C. great D. important6. A. reported B. said C. claimed D. estimated7. A. supporting B. enjoying C. opposing to D. appreciating8. A. normal B. rare C. little D. uncommon9. A. lead to B. result from C. create D. raise10. A. spread B. appearance C. direction D. trail（2）We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from 1 culture eat are disgusting or 2 . When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group became quite 3 when he saw someone pick up a butterfly and eat it. Many people 4 find it disgusting to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as 5 food.Some people in Africa think African termites() 6 a delicious meal. Many other peoplewould probably be sick if they had to eat termites, 7 one hundred grams of termites contain more than twice as 8 calories and almost twice as much protein as one hundred grams of ____9 hamburger. 10 , food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.1. A. other B. some C. another D. any other2. A. nice B. delicious C, nutritious D. nauseating3. A. sick B. hungry C. full D. nice4. A. may B. must C. can D. would5. A. fit B. terrible C. appropriate D. bad6. A. become B. make C. keep D. bring7. A. and B. as C. for D. but8. A. many B. much C. few D. little9. A. cooking B. cooked C. cook D. having cooked10. A. In fact B. Actually C. Honestly D. However(3)Long after the 1988 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher 1 an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour,divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in 2Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a 3match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then 4 the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. 5 , he found that errorswere more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, 6 , 17meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters.The researcher shows the optimum distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed, correct decisions 7 when the referees were moving ata .speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for 8 was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to 9 the standard of refereeing at the next WorldCup, it should encourage referees to keep their 10 on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep upwith the ball, the researcher argues.1. A. managed B. kept C. led D. organized2. A. shape B. charge C. order D. spot3. A. formal B. normal C. standard D. high4. A. watched B. enjoyed C. observed D. studied5. A. Unfortunately B. Surprisingly C. Excitingly D. Sadly6. A. at least B. on average C. at most D. at average7. A. grew B. existed C. raised D. came8. A. correction B. perfection C. errors D. greatness9. A. change B. improve C. adjust D. keep10. A. eyes B. attention C. minds D. carefulness(4) Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is favorable to learning . It is not uncommon for students to have easygoing and friendly relationships with their professors. The 1 professor isnot 2 a poor one and is still respected by students. Although students may be in a 3 position, some professors treat them as 4 . However, no matter how friendly professors would like to be, they still are in aposition of 5_____Professors may 6 social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but _in the classroomthey keep the instructor's role. A professor may have coffee one day with students but the next day 7 them tomeet a deadline for submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. The professor may give 8 attention outside of class to a student in 9 of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when itcomes to evaluating school work. Professors have several roles10 students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must realize that when ateacher's role changes, they must properly change their behavior and attitudes.1. A. professional B. casual C. temporary D. long-lasting2. A, probably B. likely C. possibly D. necessarily3. A. subordinate B. original C. inferior D. superior4. A. rivals B. equals C. competitors D. partners5. A. instructor B. height C. authority D. power6. A. establish B. connect C. communicate D. build up7. A. order B. hope C. suggest D. expect8. A. more B. extra C. spare D. much9. A. lack B. state C. demand D. need10. A. in relation to B. connecting with C. associating with D. with regard to(5)"Fingers were made before forks. " When a person gives up good manners, 1 knife and fork, and 2 into his food, someone is 3 to repeat that saying.The fork was an ancient agricultural tool, but for centuries no one 4 eating with it. 5 the eleventh century, when a young lady from Constantinpole brought her fork to Italy, did the custom reach Europe.By the fifteenth century the use of the fork was 6 in Italy. The English 7 was that Italians did not like to eat food touched with fingers, "seeing all men's fingers are not clean 8 " English travelers laughed at friends while 9 this ridiculous Italian custom.Anyone who used a fork to eat with was laughed at in England for the next hundred years. Men who used forks were thought to be 10 and women who used them were called show-offs and over-nice. Not until the late 1600's did using a fork become a common custom.1. A. sets with B. sets out C. puts away D. puts aside2. A. puts B. inserts C. dives D. thrusts3. A. constantly B. likely C. continuously D. usually4. A. thought of B. was allowed C. considered D. was willing to5. A. It was B. Until C. Not until D. It was in6. A. widespread B. general C. interested D. popular7. A. state B. comment C. explanation D. illustration8. A. that B. as C. alike D. this9. A. illustrating B. describing C. explaining D. talking to10. A. woman-liked B. womanlike C. woman-liking D. womenlike(6)How do superstitions begin? Today's most common superstitions 1 many generations. Take, for example, the superstition that it's bad luck to 2 a mirror. This superstition probably began in ancient times. Back then, people believed their 3 contained a part of their soul. So, when people broke a mirror, they also 4 their soul.Why 5 this bring seven years of bad luck? Well, Romans believed life renewed itself every seven years. So a broken soul would take seven years to 6Today most people don't know how or where superstitions 7 If you ask most Westerners why it's bad luck to break a mirror, they probably won't know. And they'll probably tell you that they don't really believe that the superstition is true. 8 many of them may still skeptically follow it.Other people follow superstitions without even thinking about it. For example, if I'm waiting for some good news, I may ask my friends to "cross their 9 " But I don't really believe that this will bring me any 10 luck.1. A. go back B. come back C. go through D. come through2. A. use B. break C. bring D. throw3. A. figures B. bodies C. shadows D. reflections4. A. wounded B. broke C. injured D. damaged5. A. should B. would C. could D. might6. A. heal B. mend C. overcome D. survive7. A. developed B. started C. originated D. discovered8. A. Though B. But C. And D. So9. A. arms B. legs C. feet D. fingers10. A. bad B. good C. additional D. special(7)The fitness industry has grown at an amazingly rapid rate in Western countries over the past twenty- five years, and shows no 1 of easing off. Improvements in living standards and 2 leisure time, together with an ever-increasing awareness of the importance of exercise in 3 physical and mental health, have all contributed to this growth. Just as 4 , people of all ages are becoming much more5 of their own bodies, and the desire to develop a6 and attractive shape has already____7 millions of people in Europe and the United States to alter their life styles, lose weight and exercise more regularly.Southeast Asia has clearly not 8 this phenomenon. In cities throughout the region, newspapers, magazines and television are filled with commercials 9 diet products and treatments10 you "miraculous weight loss", fitness equipment 'guaranteed' to make you look like a model,and "special deals" at fabulous ( 神化般地) gyms and fitness centres where "beautiful bodies" are created in minutes.1. A. sign B. signal C. mean D. scene2. A. qualification B. quantity C. quality D. quarantine3. A. increasing B. improving C. proceeding D. promoting4. A. easily B. interestingly C. importantly D. reasonably5. A. conscious B. conscientious C. informed D. intended6. A. slim B. thin C. lean D. fit7. A. affected B. pushed C. put D. led8. A. shaped B. escaped C. ran D. managed9. A. on B. with C. of D. for10. A. informing B. promising C. giving D. offering(8)Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. The " honor system" 1 that the student be honest in all areas of school work. 2 , cheating on tests, 3 others' ideas as original, and 4 homework done by someone else are all 5____Violation of the honor system can 6 a student's failing a course, have a record of the violation 7 in the student's school files, or even being 8 . from the university~ Students who cheat may lose the respect of other students, particularly those who study for exams and work 9 When leaving classroom while students are taking an exam an instructor may or may not say "I expect you all to obey the honor system. " 10 the words are not stated, the student is expected to work alone and not to share answers.1. A. commands B. declares C. announces D. demands2. A. Thus B. However C. In other words D. Because3. A. processing B. presenting C. proceeding D. pretending4. A. turning on B. turning to C. turning out D. turning in5. A. forbidden B. illegal C. permitted D. vanished6. A. result from B. result in C. result to D. result of7. A. stood B. contained C. included D. placed8. A. driven out B. driven away C. called out D. called away9. A. insistently B. informally C. independently D. indefinitely10. A. Because B. Even if C. In spite of D. But(9)Swapping music over the Internet is fun and easy. Better 1 , it's free, which means you don't have to pay for any 2 expensive music CDs. There's just one catch--it's also illegal!Several online file-sharing services make it easy for music lovers to swap their favorite____3 with one another. But this illegal sharing of music - a form of music piracy 4 toundermine the music industry. Industry experts estimate that US $ 4.3 billion in worldwide saleswas lost to music piracy last year.These lost profits could 5 record companies to stop producing the music of many popular artists. That would hurt both musicians and music fans ____6____Music executives are perplexed about how to fight music piracy. Their efforts to fight piracy using the law have had only 7 success.The music industry did win a legal victory 8 Napster, a famous music Web site. The courts ordered Napster to stop 9 ___ . copyrighted music from their site. 10 a number of other music- sharing networks have sprung up in its place.1. A. so B. and C. yet D. along2. A. less B. little C. much D. more3. A. tones B. tunes C. songs . melodies4. A. creates B. concerns C. worries D. threatens5. A. force B. ask C. make D. let6. A. likely B. alike C, of course D. though7. A. countable B. little C. limited D. common8. A. on B. to C. in D. against9. A. giving away B. giving up C. giving aside D. giving upon10. A. Further B. Therefore C, So. D. But(10)"A man's home is his castle, 1 the saying. In North America and northwestern Europe, people consider their homes as their private space. They enjoy company, 2 , but invitations are 3 , such as "come for dinner" or "come for coffee. " Hosts are not expected to entertain 4 their means. Guests, for their 5 , try not to inconvenience their hosts or 6 their welcome.Some people do enjoy surprise visits. But don't try it unless you know the people well and are sure it's OK.In Portugal and Brazil, it's altogether different. Portuguese and Brazilians are ready to 7 guests at a moment's 8 . They will always find room for more people at the table. When it comes to sharing a meal, the more the merrier. The host usually prepares more than enough food for everyone. If there isn't enough food, everyone 9 shares.It's easy to see how 10 can happen. A Brazilian might find western Europeans stingy(吝啬).And Americans can think Portuguese are generous hosts but pushy(进取心) guests.1. A. says B. tells C. goes D. comes2. A. of course B. though C. however D. for instance3. A. simple B. easy C. special D. specific4. A. beyond B. over C. on D. through5. A. way B. means C. part D. stay6. A. oversee B. overdo C. overstay D. over-react7. A. have B. meet C. visit D. serve8. A. mention B. notice C. meet D. invitation9. A. simply B. only C. easily D. just10. A. conflicts B. faults C. incidents D. misunderstandings(11)When a child begins school, learning to read is a primary goal. Once a person has learned to read,the 1 changes. Reading becomes a means of reaching other goals. Because individual interests and tastes 2 so much, no single goal can be prescribed for everyone; Some individuals read only for entertainment. Others read to 3 on current events through newspapers and magazines. Men and women in some professions read only what 4 to their work.5 the purpose of reading matches6 the purpose of good schooling. It prepares people for the society. More than that, it introduces them to the civilization7 they are a part. In a8 ,reading has the same goal as the highest achievements of human thought to seek answers to9 basic questions about the nature of the world, about human society, and about life. Reading with such questions 10 the mind and helps it grow.1. A. reason B. purpose C. idea D. thought2. A. differ B. are C. change D. vary3. A. keep up B. come up C. give up D. look up4. A. relates B. concludes C. connects D. includes5. A. In common B. For good C. To relate D. At best6. A. to B. with C. on D. through7. A. that B. what C. of which D. where8. A. sense B. mood C. way D. word9. A. many B. the most C. more D. a more10.A. exercises B. functions C. changes D. discovers(12)Chicago residents love their city almost with a passion. And why 1 they?There's a lot to love 2 this energetic city. Tall buildings and stylish storefronts 3 busy streets. A wonderful 4 of restaurants provides plenty of opportunities 5 eating out. The city boasts 29 miles (46.7 km) of lakeshore and sparkling water.What can you do in Chicago? 6 the sun while watching a baseball game at Wrigley Field. Listen to music under the stars. Day and night, you'll find more than enough to 7 you in Chicago.Begin enjoying the city in the Loop. Elevated train tracks 8 a "loop" around the heart of downtown, giving the area its 9 . In 1882, Chicago built the world's first skyscraper here. It 10 a towering 10 stories into the sky! While that building is long gone, many others have taken its place.1. A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not2. A. about B. to C. on D. of3. A. twist B. line C. stand D. set4. A. variety B. chain C. name D. fame5. A. to B. on C. of D. for6. A. Turn to B. Suck in C. Soak up D. get into7. A. enjoy B. recreate C. wonder D. entertain8. A. circle B. form C. like D. make9. A. fame B. city C. name D. call10. A. flew B. jumped C. raised D. rose(13)Advertisements often make us feel dissatisfied with what we already own. They. 1 a desire in us for the 2 products. We end up wasting a lot of time and money on things we don't really need.Is the bathroom cluttered(被弄糟) with all sorts of soaps, lotions and hair products? We may only need just one or two. 3 hi-tech products, some are 4 tools. But we spend a lot of time learning to use them.then, when a newer model comes along, we're 5 to buy it, too.Is the closet bulging? Today's 6 fashions can be terrible money wasters. Yesterday's fashions are terrible 7 wasters. We can eliminate both problems if we choose 8 that doesn't go quickly out of style.But we need new ways of thinking, too. First, it's important to tell the difference between needs and wants. When we shop, we should ask ourselves : "Do I need this?" If the 9 answer is no, ask :"Why do I want this? Is it because 10 else has one?" That's sometimes a very hard question!1.( ) A. make B. find C. create D. come to( )2. A. oldest B. newest C. greatest D. best( )3. A. Some B. In C. Since D. As for( )4. A. easy B. useful C. technical D. reasonable( )5. A. tempted B. excited C. destined D. frightened( )6. A. old B. new C. hot D. cold( )7. A. money B. space C. time D. resource( ) 8. A. clothes B. cloth C. clothing D. clothings( ) 9. A. true B. wrong C. cheerful D. honest( ) 10. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. each one(14)Every human being has unique fingerprints on his finger skin and the fingerprints are unchangeable.Scientists have discovered that no 1 similar pattern is passed 2 from parents to children, thoughnobody knows the reason.A person's fingerprints do not change with growth and are not 3 by burns, cuts and otherinjuries to the 4 part of the skin. It will be replaced 5 by a new one that has the 6 prints.It is only when the inner skin is injured that the prints will be 7 . Some criminals make use of this fact toget rid of their own fingerprints but this is a dangerous step to 8___Fingerprints can be made very easily with. printer's ink,, They can be recorded easily. With special methods, identification can be 9 successfully within a short time, So fingerprints have often been used as a method toprove who a person is 10 his appearance has been changed by age or accident.( )1. A,.same B. true C. exact D. easy( )2. A. to B. on C. over D. along( )3. A. impacted B. connected C. influenced D. affected( )4. A. outside B. outgoing C. outer D. out( )5, A. in time B. on time C. by time D. with time( )6. A. exact B. familiar C. likely D.same( )7.A.desttoyed B. hurt C. changed D damaged( )8 A. make B. take C. use D. do( )9.A. charge B. achieved C. directed D. told( )10.A. though B. in addition to C except D. even if(15) ,15Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than auniform ,whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms sopopular in the United States?Among the argument for uniform one of first is that in the eyes of most people they look more 1 thancivilian(老百姓) clothes: People have become conditioned to expect 2___ quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more 3 than one who appear incivilian clothes. Faith in the 4 of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What 5 way is there fora nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many 6 benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They aretax-deductible(可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments _ 7 _ uniform is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of 8 experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any 9type is general stuck with it, without Change, 10 retirement, when people look alike, they 11 tothink, speak, and act similarly, on the job 12Uniforms also give 13 to some practical problems, though they are 14 , often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also 15 to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.1. A. beautiful B. comfortable C. professional D. durable2. A. high B. superior C. uncommon D. perfect3. A. love B. welcome C. friendship D. trust4. A. ability B. skill C. capacity D. efficacy5. A. easier B. harder C. greater D. better6. A. unexpectable B. surprising C. unbelievable D. practical7. A. for B. to C. against D. with8. A. individuality B. feature C. speciality D. particularity9. A. special B. particular C. especial D. distinct10. A. when B. unless C. before D. until11.A. begin B. have C. tend D. need12. A. at least B. at best C. at length D. at most13. A. chance B. rise C. birth D. opportunity14. A. abnormal B. unusual C. extraordinary D. long-lasting15. A. hard B. inconvenient C. expensive D. difficult(16)College students fall into three categories: the grinds, the goof-offs; and the well-adjusted. The grinds are easily 1 They live at school, so they spend all their waking hours in 2 of an education. You know them: they answer every question, they do every assignment, and they 3 after class to discuss the lecture with the teacher. When not in class, they are in the library, and f not in the library, they are in the book-store buying a 4 book for extra-credit reading. The next group is the goof-offs. They are those in school to party heartedly. You won't see them in class or in the library-- they're too busy. shooting pool in the students union or drinking, in a bar. 5 the book-store, well, the goof-offs haven't found it yet because they haven't bought their books. Academic life is 6 to the goof-offs because it helps to keep' the balance. Between the grinds and the goof-offs are the well- adjusted'. They study and get passing 7 , but they know how to party, too. They might skip a party to work 8 finals, but they are known to party instead of studying for a test that only 9 for 25 percent. The well-adjusted know life is short, so they take college 10 but know the importance of fun as well. On our campus the well-adjusted out number the grind and goof-offs( )1.A.seen B. discovered C recognized D. determined( )2.A. pursuit B. search C. trace D. look( )3.A hesitate B. halt C. stay D. dwell( )4.A.300-pages B. 300 pages C.300 page's D. 300-page( )5.A.As for B. of C In case D. With regard( )6.A.pointless B. critical C. legitimate D. important( )7.A.levels B. credits C. degrees D. scales( )8.A. out B. for C. in D. about( )9.A. takes B. counts C. holds D. estimates( )10A. severely B. truly C. sincerely D. seriously(17)One of the major political issues in the 2004 presidential election is framing up to be outsourcing-- the movement of jobs and sometimes entire companies to other countries in search of cheaper labor.Outsourcing is not a new issue. It has been occurring since the 1970s when thousands of manufacturing jobs were slowly moving 1 Mexico, Taiwan, China and Korea where workers, making anything from tennisshoes to clothing, work longer hours for less pay.While cheap labor is the 2 cause for outsourcing, low shipping and communication costs3 companies can produce goods overseas and then ship them back to the United States without4 tax.But recent trends have shown that manufacturing jobs are not the only jobs being outsourced."Any worker whose job does not 5 daily face-to-face 6 is now in jeopardy(fq) of being replaced by a lower-paid, 7 skilled worker thousands of miles away," said Paul Craig Roberts, an economist with the Institute for Political Economy who worked for President Reagan in the 1980s.This means that high paying jobs once 8 safe, such as software engineers, data processors, phone bankers and software designers, are now at risk of being outsource.As Goldman Sachs Asia official Ken Courtis explains, outsourcing makes economic 9 : We pay hundreds of thousands of dollars a year to hire a good engineer. You can hire ten engineers for 10 price in India. ( )1. A. from B. to C. around D. along( )2. A. primary B. prime C. prior D. primitive( )3. A. contribute B. attribute C. constitute D . institute( )4. A. magnificent B. significant C. grand D. splendid( )5. A. acquire B. inquire C. require D. request( )6. A. intercession B. intercourse C. interference D. interaction( )7. A. fairly B. equally C. inferior D. superior( )8. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. having thought( )9. A. conscious B. sense C. feeling D. flavor( )10. A. that B. which C. this D. its(18)Bob Jeffrey, the head of J. Waiter Thompson, one of the largest U.S. ad firms, 1 the media industry in 2004 when he 2 that ad spending on TV networks 3 drop by half over the next five years. "I think it's a 4 conclusion that network TV will 5 if it continues to 6 on the same model, Jeffrey told the Reuters news agency.Thompson helped its biggest U.S. client, Ford Motor Co. 7 its product in the popular Fox show "American Idol. " Winners receive a Ford Focus car along with their recording contract."American Idol" also 8 soda and wireless service. Ever notice that the three judges sit behind large red cups emblazoned ( 被。

大学英语六级-cloze 专项训练Cloze 5 (10 minutes)CET 6 2014/6-1For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income, US government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government. Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local governments and often have___ 36___such as tax-free interest. Some may even be___37___. Corporate bonds are a bit more risky.Two questions often___38___first-time corporate bond investors. The first is “If I purchase a corporate bond, do I have to hold it until the maturit y date?” The answer is no. Bonds are bought and sold daily on___39___securities exchanges. However, if you decide to sell your bond before its maturity date, you’re not guaranteed to get the face value of the bond. For example, if your bond does not have___40___ that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a___ 41___, i.e., a price less than the bond's face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i. e ., a price above its face value. Bond prices generally___42___inversely (相反地) with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond prices fall, and vice versa (反之亦然）. Thus, like all investments, bonds have a degree of risk.The second question is “ H ow can I___43___the investment risk of a particular bond issue?”Standard & Poor's and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And___44___, the higher the market risk of a bond, the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the ___45___ return is high enough.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。

Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience.The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps 1 the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, 2 reading material and giving out 3 .The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and 4 what to write.Very often the student leaves the lecture 5 notes which do not catch the main points and 6 become hard even for the 7 to understand.Most institutions provide courses which 8 new students to develop the skills they need to be 9 listeners and note-takers. 10 these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which 11 learners to practice these skills 12 .In all cases it is important to 13 the problem 14 actually starting your studies.It is important to 15 that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills 16 in college study.One way of 17 these difficulties is to attend the language and study- skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the 18 year.Another basic 19 is to find a study partner 20 it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.1.A.extending B.illustrating C.performing D.conducting2.A.attributing B.contributing C.distributingD.explaining3.A.assignments rmation C.content D.definition4.A.suspects B.understands C.wonders D.convinces5.A.without B.with C.on D.except6.A.what B.those C.as D.which7.A.teachers B.classmates C.partners D.students8.A.prevent B.require C.assist D.forbid9.A.effective B.passive C.relative D.expressive10.A.Because B.Though C.Whether D.If11.A.enable B.stimulate C.advocate D.prevent12.A.independently B.repeatedlyC.logicallyD.generally13.A.evaluate B.acquaint C.tackle D.formulate14.A.before B.after C.while D.for15.A.predict B.acknowledgeC.argueD.ignore16.A.to require B.required C.requiring D.are required17.A.preventing B.withstandingC.sustainingD.overcoming18.A.average B.ordinary C.normal D.academic19.A.statement B.strategy C.situation D.suggestion20.A.in that B.for which C.with whom D.such as。