宾语从句讲解

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宾语从句宾语从句——在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

1.语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。

根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:1)连接词+谓语。

连接词在从句中作主语。

常见的连接词有:who,what,which等。

如:Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?2)连接词+名词+谓语。

连接词在从句中作主语的定语。

常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much 等。

如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。

3)连接词+主语+谓语。

连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。

常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much,when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。

如:He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我如何处理这笔钱吗?4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。

连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。

常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。

如:Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

2.连接词1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

如:He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。

如:I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether:①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether。

如:Let me know whether he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。

②在介词之后用whether。

如:I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

③在不定式前用whether。

如:He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。

如:Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。

如:Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。

The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。

3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。

如:Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?3.时态1)当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.2)当主句为过去时的时候:①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country, but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<老人与海>.②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.3)如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.4.动词的宾语从句1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.2)运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that 宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语与从句前加it,这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.5、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.6、注意1)宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I don’t think he will come to my party. 而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?2)当that分句置于动词后面时,that可有可无,但在下面情况that不能省略:①宾语分句前置That George was really afraid, I can’t believe.②宾语分句被插入语分隔Everyone could see, I believe, that he was terrified.③两个宾语分句,第一个是wh-分句,第二个是that分句Everyone could see what was happening and that poor George was really scared.3)人称、时间、地点、动词、情态动词的变化①人称:I-he/she my-his/herWe-they our-theirMe/you-him/her mine-his/hersUs-them ours-theirsMyself-himself/herself②时间Now-then today-that dayLast night-the night before yesterday-the day before/the previous day Two days ago-two days before/earlier this evening-that eveningTomorrow-the next day/the following day③地点Here-there this place-that placeThese places-those places④动词Come-go bring-take⑤情态动词Can-could will-wouldMay-might shall-should本单元重点内容是由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句,下面就请leo老师为大家讲解。