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学术英语（社科）Unit7原文及翻译.doc
Introduction: Understanding the Impact of New Media on Journalism 1Journalism is undergoing a fundamental transformation, perhaps the most fundamental since the rise of the penny press of the mid-nineteenth century. In the twilight of the twentieth century and the dawn of the twenty-first, there is emerging a new form of journalism whose distinguishing qualitiesinclude ubiquitous news, global information access, instantaneous reporting, interactivity, multimedia content, and extreme content customization. In many ways this represents a potentially better form of journalism because it can reengage an increasingly distrusting and alienated audience. At the same time, it presents many threats to the most cherished values and standards of journalism. Authenticity of content, source verification, accuracy, and truth are all suspect in a medium where anyone with a computer and a modem can become a global publisher.2Although the easy answer is to point to the Internet, the reasons for the transformation of journalism are neither simple nor one-dimensional. Rather, a set of economic, regulatory, and cultural forces, driven by technological change, are converging to bring about a massive shift in the nature of journalism at the millennium.3The growth of a global economic system, made up of regional economies, all interrelated (witness the volatility in the world‟s financial markets in August 1998, when drops in Asian and Russian markets triggered drops in European and U.S. markets) and increasingly controlled by multinational corporate behemoths, has rewritten the financial basis for journalism and the media in general. Deregulation, as outlined in the U.S. Telecommunications Act of 1996 and简介：了解新媒体对新闻的影响1新闻业正在发生根本性的变革，或许最根本的变革是十九世纪中叶的便士报的崛起。
英语学术文章结构的12个不同部分
英语学术文章结构的12个不同部分1. Abstract标准摘要五句话，包含五个层次的内容：1.1 Introduction: 为什么要进行本项研究，现状中本项研究的缺失或者做了但是存在不足;1.2 Method：用什么方法做这个研究;1.3 Data：用什么样的数据来验证你的方法;1.4 Results：从研究中得出什么结论;1.5 Implication：得出的结论对研究领域和实践有什么意义(理论与实践意义)2. Introduction2.1 Research background：目的是证实该研究问题的重要性。
如这一类问题造成的损失很严重，因此研究这一问题很重要。
2.2 Research problem：在上述的这一大研究背景下，要做什么问题(或者方面)的研究;在上述的这一大研究背景下，这一研究可以在哪些方面解决现存的实际问题。
2.3 研究现状：别人已经做了哪些东西，别人已经做过什么，发现了什么样的问题?2.4 现存的研究有什么问题与不足：别人有什么没有做过?为什么别人没有做得更好?并说明这些研究不足会带来严重后果。
2.5 本研究的目标(objective)和研究范围(scope)：本研究弥补这些问题中(这些没做过或者做过没做好的问题中)的哪些不足，采用什么研究方法去弥补不足。
陈述本项研究的范围局限，并高度概括本论文研究结论。
2.6 文章结构：本论文的后续部分的基本内容架构。
3. Literature review目的：Literature review证明与说明两件事情：一是研究目标的设定是有意义的;二是你在本研究中采用的方法是可靠的、有效的。
包括三个层次的内容：3.1 对选题(你找到的研究问题)的justification。
即对做过没做好或者没做过的研究问题，在这个研究领域，针对research problem而言，让读者明白本项研究是有意义的;3.2 现存文献中对本文值得参考并可借鉴的东西(包括分析工具和成果);3.3 非相关或者相邻研究领域值得借鉴的东西，侧重于可借鉴的研究方法。
学术英语介绍
Assignments
Teamwork
The assignment, to be completed in a group of four or three, is to further your understanding of the text covered in class, to facilitate your actual use of target language in context, and to build cooperation with other learners.
Brief Introduction to Schedule
Assignments
Classroom Oral Presentations
You are supposed to deliver 3-minute presentations on the given topics related to the content of the text (Topics for presentation of Text A).
Final Evaluation & Grading
Objectives
To expand by a large margin their vocabulary, especially those specialized terms in medical context
Objectives
To be able to prepare and deliver presentation with/without the aid of PPT on the topics related to medicine
学术英语writingintroduction
What belongs in the introductory section(s) of your paper?
A statement of the goal of the paper: why the study was undertaken, or why the paper was written. Do not repeat the abstract.
Structural Layout of Introduction
The first layer 1.1 Introducing the general research area including its background,
Frequently asked questions
What is an introduction for? Is it a summary?
An introduction is not a summary. A summary repeats the main ideas of an essay. An introduction introduces the reader to the topic of the
What is Introduction?
Introduction is the first section of a scientific paper, including the background information of the research, the nature and scope of the problem investigated.
An essay introduction does not need to do more than tell the reader the topic of the essay, describe how the body of the essay is organized, and explain the thesis that you argue for in the essay.
学术英语(人文社科类)Unit
Explore qualitative research methods, including interviews, observations, and case studies.
Quantitative Research
Learn about quantitative research , such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis.
Making Recommendations
Discover how to provide valuable recommendations based on your research findings.
Literature Review and Analysis in Academic Writing
1 Conducting a
Comprehensive
2 Analyzing and
Interpreting
3 Identifying
Research Gaps
Literature Review
Explore effective
Sources
Learn techniques for
Discover how to identify gaps in
research strategies to
critically analyzing
existing research and
locate, evaluate, and
scholarly sources and
学术英语(人文社科 类)Unit
学术英语(人文社科类)Unit: 用于人文社科类学术写作的英语。涵盖写作流程、 论文结构、文献综述、数据分析、学术词汇等多个主题。
Quantitative Research
Learn about quantitative research , such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis.
Making Recommendations
Discover how to provide valuable recommendations based on your research findings.
Literature Review and Analysis in Academic Writing
1 Conducting a
Comprehensive
2 Analyzing and
Interpreting
3 Identifying
Research Gaps
Literature Review
Explore effective
Sources
Learn techniques for
Discover how to identify gaps in
research strategies to
critically analyzing
existing research and
locate, evaluate, and
scholarly sources and
学术英语(人文社科 类)Unit
学术英语(人文社科类)Unit: 用于人文社科类学术写作的英语。涵盖写作流程、 论文结构、文献综述、数据分析、学术词汇等多个主题。
学术话题英语作文模板
学术话题英语作文模板英文回答：1. Introduction。
State the topic and provide a brief overview of the issue.Example:The topic of this essay is the importance of education in the modern world. Education is the foundation of a successful and prosperous society, and it is essential for individuals to have access to quality education in order to reach their full potential.2. Body Paragraphs。
Develop the main points of the essay, using evidence and examples to support your claims.Example:Body Paragraph 1: The first benefit of education isthat it provides individuals with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the modern economy. In today's globalized world, employers are looking for workers who have a strong foundation in math, science, and technology.A good education can also help individuals develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essentialfor success in any field.Body Paragraph 2: The second benefit of education is that it promotes social mobility. Education can help individuals break out of poverty and achieve a better life for themselves and their families. In many countries, education is the key to unlocking opportunities for higher-paying jobs and better healthcare.Body Paragraph 3: The third benefit of education isthat it fosters personal growth. Education can help individuals develop their minds and expand their horizons.It can teach them about different cultures, histories, and perspectives. A good education can also help individuals become more tolerant and understanding of others.3. Conclusion。
学术英语写作Unit 6.Introduction(课堂PPT)
6
Sample Analysis
Introduction
1.Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2.PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerization of lactide. 3.It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4.However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
5.One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6.For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7
Sample Analysis
Introduction
1.Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2.PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerization of lactide. 3.It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4.However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
5.One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6.For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7
英语学术写作
英语学术写作英语的学术的提纲以及要点都是同学们关心的问题，那么怎样的写法才符合的标准呢？XX英语学术写作XX格式Tiｔle(标题)XXAbstract（摘要）Ｋｅywordｓ(关键词)XXTable oｆ coｎｔents（）XXＮomeｎclaｔuｒｅ(术语表）Intｒodｕcｔiｏｎ(引言)Mｅthｏd（方法)Rｅsｕｌtｓ（结果）XXDiscusｓiｏn（讨论)Ｃoｎclusｉoｎ(结论）Acknowledgemｅnt(致谢）Refeｒeｎce(）Appｅndix（附录）XX其中Tｉtｌe，Ａbｓtraｃｔ,Iｎtrodｕctｉｏn,Ｍetｈoｄ，Rｅsult,Discu ｓｓｉｏn，Conｃluｓiｏn，Refereｎｃe等八项内容是必不可少的（其他内容根据具体需要而定）。
在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Tｉｔｌe，Aｂsｔr ａct和Ｉｎｔｒodｕcｔiｏｎ部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。
也就是说，一篇研究赢得读者的多少,在很大程度上取决于Tiｔle，Aｂstracｔ和Iｎtｒoduction写得好坏。
因此这三项内容将**分章详细加以讲述。
学术的正文一般包括Meｔhod，Result，Dｉｓcｕｓsioｎ三个部分。
这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法,研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件,并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。
Conｃｌusioｎ是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论.它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题的价值,同时提出以后的研究方向.XX标题的写法标题是全文内容的缩影。
读者通过标题便能够预测的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。
因此，为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者，的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。
本章主要探讨英语学术标题的语言特点及写法。
6.1 标题的长度标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等XX１) Ｆire ResistanｔＳteeｌs for Ｃonstrucｔiｏn：Deｓｉｇn，Ｐroｐeｒties and Ｍicrｏcｈemiｓtry9 6 １2２) Daｍping Capacｉty oｆ Shape Mery Ａlloy 6 ５１ 03）Ｍicroelecｔrｏc Assembｌy and Packａｇing Technoｌogy：Ba ｒriｅrs and Neｅｄs 8 ５ 0 ３XX１4) Sｏlid Oxide Ｆuel Cell：A Sｕrvey６ 40 25） Progress oｎ Fｕel Cell and Iｔs Mateｒialｓ7 4 1 2XX6） puｔｅr S**ｌation aｎｄ Expｅｒｉｍental Study ｏｎColｄ Sh ｕt Duringｌｄ Filｌｉnｇ 11 5 2 ４XX英语科技中,标题不宜过长,大多为81２个单词左右。
学术英语写作-introduction
（The writer reports on the latest discovery of ILs.）
03
PART
Unresolved question
Unresolved question
GAP
7.Nevertheless, IL “greenness” is often challenged, mainly due to their poor biodegradability, biocompatibility, and sustainability.
（The writer illustrates ILs’ application area.）
Literature review
6.Recently, it was found that ILs have the ability to dissolve and increase the processability of renewable natural biopolymers that can find applications in the biomedical area.7
（The writer gives details about the components of EDSs and reports their advantages.）
The present paper 10.Recently, Dai and co-workers have reported a large number of stable natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) based on natural compounds, particularly primary metabolites, such as organic acids, amino acids, and sugars.10,11
英语学术论文写作教程-Unit 2
英语学术论文写作教程
Unit 2 Introduction
Overview
A good beginning is half done, so is a research paper. One is to arouse the readers’ interest, and the other is to offer adequate information to prepare readers for understanding the paper and evaluating the worth of the study. In terms of structure, a well-organized Introduction presents a funnel shape, or in other words, it begins with stating general research scope and then narrows down to the research focus. In order to write an effective Introduction, Swales & Feak (2012) proposes a widely used discourse pattern, known as the Create-a-Research-Space (or CARS) model.
Information Convention
❶With the rapid development of chemical industry, heavy metals in environment increase rapidly and go beyond the normal range, which has seriously polluted the soil. ❷ Such soil contamination leads to deterioration of environmental quality and does harm to human’s health. ❸ So, it is important to control soil pollution caused by heavy metals.
Unit 2 Introduction
Overview
A good beginning is half done, so is a research paper. One is to arouse the readers’ interest, and the other is to offer adequate information to prepare readers for understanding the paper and evaluating the worth of the study. In terms of structure, a well-organized Introduction presents a funnel shape, or in other words, it begins with stating general research scope and then narrows down to the research focus. In order to write an effective Introduction, Swales & Feak (2012) proposes a widely used discourse pattern, known as the Create-a-Research-Space (or CARS) model.
Information Convention
❶With the rapid development of chemical industry, heavy metals in environment increase rapidly and go beyond the normal range, which has seriously polluted the soil. ❷ Such soil contamination leads to deterioration of environmental quality and does harm to human’s health. ❸ So, it is important to control soil pollution caused by heavy metals.
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❖ I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
❖Teach students the most useful language study skills (reading, writing,speaking and listening);
❖Emphasize critical thinking and inquiry in academic subjects like math, science, physics or English literature;
❖Help students learn about their chosen destination or academic concern and what to expect when they get there.
References
《学术英语（理工）》（Academic English for Science and Engineering) 主编: 蔡基刚 外语教学与研究出版社
❖ The physiological theory centers upon how our body, specifically our brains, function during the REM phase of sleep. Proponents of this theory believe that we dream to exercise the synapses, or pathways, between brain cells, and that dreaming takes over where the active and awake brain leaves off. When awake, our brains constantly transmit and receive messages, which course through our billions of brain cells to their appropriate destinations, and keep our bodies in perpetual motion. Dreams replace thng Purposes
Teaching Purposes
To get students to know some basic knowledge and grasp some skills in academic activities
To help learners think, present and hence communicate in an academic way
❖ 教育部在《大学英语课程教学要求》（２００７） 中明确规定：较高要求的英语教学要注重培养学 生的学术听力和学术阅读能力，要求学生“能基 本听懂用英语讲授的专业课程”，“能阅读所学 专业的综述性文献”；更高要求的英语教学要求 学生“能听懂用英语讲授的专业课程和英语讲 座”，“能在国际会议和专业交流中宣读论文并 参加讨论”，“能比较顺利地阅读所学专业的英 语文献和资料”，“能用英语撰写所学专业的简 短的报告和论文”。
❖ EAP courses are intended to raise students' general English levels in academic field which can help them with their further study or work.
❖In common with most language teaching, EAP instruction teaches vocabulary, grammar and the four skills (reading, writing, speaking and listening), but usually tries to tie these to the specific study needs of students; for example, a writing lesson would focus on writing essays rather than, say, business letters. Similarly, the vocabulary chosen for study tends to be based on academic texts. In addition, EAP practitioners often find that, either directly or indirectly, they are teaching study skills and often having to tackle differences in educational culture, such as differing attitudes to plagiarism.
❖Writing ( choosing topic; literature review; academic
❖Listening ( listen to academic lectures) ❖Speaking (discussion, presentation) ❖Communication (seminars, international
Teaching Contents
listening
reading
communication
Teaching contents
speaking
writing
Contents
❖Reading (skimming and scanning; guessing word meaning; identifying the structure of the text; taking notes; summarizing; reading critically)
❖What would you expect for the two articles to be of your interest?
❖ I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
《学术英语（社科）》（Academic English for Social Sciences) 主编：季佩英 张颖 外语教学与研究出版社
Journal of English for Academic Purposes （The Journal of English for Academic Purposes provides a forum for the dissemination of information and views which enables practitioners of and researchers in EAP.) Editors: L. Hamp-Lyons, P. Thompson
English for Academic Purposes
School of Foreign Languages, CSU
Course Introduction
1
What is EAP
2
Teaching Purposes
3
Course Content
4
Assessment
What is EAP
❖English for academic purposes (EAP) entails training students, usually in a higher education setting, to use language appropriately for study. It is a challenging and multi-faceted area within the wider field of English language learning and teaching (ELT), and is one of the most common forms of English for specific purposes (ESP).
Assessment
Attendance Class Performance
Term Paper
Final score (3 credits)
Example: Reading
❖Read the following materials, list as many differences as you can between the following two articles about dream, one in the form of a speech and the other an essay.
/intensive-english-for-academic
❖Unit 1 Choosing a Topic ❖Unit 2 Searching for Information ❖Unit 3 Listening to Lectures ❖Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review ❖Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay ❖Unit 6 Making an Oral Presentation
❖ I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
❖Teach students the most useful language study skills (reading, writing,speaking and listening);
❖Emphasize critical thinking and inquiry in academic subjects like math, science, physics or English literature;
❖Help students learn about their chosen destination or academic concern and what to expect when they get there.
References
《学术英语（理工）》（Academic English for Science and Engineering) 主编: 蔡基刚 外语教学与研究出版社
❖ The physiological theory centers upon how our body, specifically our brains, function during the REM phase of sleep. Proponents of this theory believe that we dream to exercise the synapses, or pathways, between brain cells, and that dreaming takes over where the active and awake brain leaves off. When awake, our brains constantly transmit and receive messages, which course through our billions of brain cells to their appropriate destinations, and keep our bodies in perpetual motion. Dreams replace thng Purposes
Teaching Purposes
To get students to know some basic knowledge and grasp some skills in academic activities
To help learners think, present and hence communicate in an academic way
❖ 教育部在《大学英语课程教学要求》（２００７） 中明确规定：较高要求的英语教学要注重培养学 生的学术听力和学术阅读能力，要求学生“能基 本听懂用英语讲授的专业课程”，“能阅读所学 专业的综述性文献”；更高要求的英语教学要求 学生“能听懂用英语讲授的专业课程和英语讲 座”，“能在国际会议和专业交流中宣读论文并 参加讨论”，“能比较顺利地阅读所学专业的英 语文献和资料”，“能用英语撰写所学专业的简 短的报告和论文”。
❖ EAP courses are intended to raise students' general English levels in academic field which can help them with their further study or work.
❖In common with most language teaching, EAP instruction teaches vocabulary, grammar and the four skills (reading, writing, speaking and listening), but usually tries to tie these to the specific study needs of students; for example, a writing lesson would focus on writing essays rather than, say, business letters. Similarly, the vocabulary chosen for study tends to be based on academic texts. In addition, EAP practitioners often find that, either directly or indirectly, they are teaching study skills and often having to tackle differences in educational culture, such as differing attitudes to plagiarism.
❖Writing ( choosing topic; literature review; academic
❖Listening ( listen to academic lectures) ❖Speaking (discussion, presentation) ❖Communication (seminars, international
Teaching Contents
listening
reading
communication
Teaching contents
speaking
writing
Contents
❖Reading (skimming and scanning; guessing word meaning; identifying the structure of the text; taking notes; summarizing; reading critically)
❖What would you expect for the two articles to be of your interest?
❖ I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
《学术英语（社科）》（Academic English for Social Sciences) 主编：季佩英 张颖 外语教学与研究出版社
Journal of English for Academic Purposes （The Journal of English for Academic Purposes provides a forum for the dissemination of information and views which enables practitioners of and researchers in EAP.) Editors: L. Hamp-Lyons, P. Thompson
English for Academic Purposes
School of Foreign Languages, CSU
Course Introduction
1
What is EAP
2
Teaching Purposes
3
Course Content
4
Assessment
What is EAP
❖English for academic purposes (EAP) entails training students, usually in a higher education setting, to use language appropriately for study. It is a challenging and multi-faceted area within the wider field of English language learning and teaching (ELT), and is one of the most common forms of English for specific purposes (ESP).
Assessment
Attendance Class Performance
Term Paper
Final score (3 credits)
Example: Reading
❖Read the following materials, list as many differences as you can between the following two articles about dream, one in the form of a speech and the other an essay.
/intensive-english-for-academic
❖Unit 1 Choosing a Topic ❖Unit 2 Searching for Information ❖Unit 3 Listening to Lectures ❖Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review ❖Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay ❖Unit 6 Making an Oral Presentation
❖ I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.