《英语语言学概论》复习纲要
1.复习的基本原则：第一，理解和吃透各章的重点内容。第二，以
各章的题目为统领，理解各章节下的具体内容。第三，动手书写
和记忆重要内容，部分语言学理论会应用到实际中。
2.各章节复习要点如下
Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics
1)Definitions of the following terms: language, linguistics,
arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, descriptive VS
prescriptive, synchronic VS diachronic, langue VS parole, competence VS performance
2)Study of the origin of language
3)What are the functions of language?
4)Which subjects are included in macrolinguistics?
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds
1)Definitions of the following terms: articulatory phonetics, acoustic
phonetics, auditory phonetics, phonetics, phonology, consonants, vowels, allophones, broad transcription VS narrow transcription
2)Analyze the complementary distribution, free variation with
examples
3)The classification of English consonants and English vowels and
the features involved in the classification
4)Understand some processes of phonology: nasalization,
dentalization, velarization
5)Differences between intonation and tone
Chapter 3 From morpheme to phrase
1)Definitions of the following terms: morpheme, morphology,
backformation, blending, class shift
2)Differences between root and stem, inflectional VS derivational
affix
3)Analyze the morphemes contained in English words, such as
internationalization, distempered, moonwalk, frienships
4)What are the characteristics of a word?
5)Understand the classification of English words: variable VS
invariable, grammatical VS lexical, closed-class VS open-class, particles, auxiliaries, determiners
6)Understand the processes of word formation with examples:
blending, abbreviation, acronym, backformation, class-shift Chapter 4 From word to Text
1)Definitions of the following terms: syntax, endocentric
VS exocentric construction, coordination VS subordination
2)Syntactic functions of English sentences: s ubject (agent
VS patient, grammatical VS logical), predicate, object
3)Categories in English: number, gender, agreement
Chapter 5 Meaning
1)Definitions of the following terms: semantics, the
referential theory, semantic triangle, synonymy, antonymy,
hyponymy
2)Understand synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy with
examples
3)Subclassification of antonymy
4)Componential analysis in practice: such as boy, girl,
woman, man, mother, father (entailment and polysemous) Chapter 6 Language and cognition
1)Definition of the following terms: psycholinguistics,
cognitive linguistics
2)Understand the three issues of psycholinguistics:
language acquisition, language comprehension, language production
3)Understand examples concerning construal
operations
4)Understand examples concerning categorization
(basic level, superordinate and subordinate levels)
5)Understand examples concerning metaphor (target
domain, source domain)
6)Understand examples concerning metonymy
