Swift+2.0入门.pdf

操作说明Swift操作说明内容介绍 (4)功能特性 (4)气体整合（AI） (5)更换电池 (11)故障排除 (13)储存与保养 (14)检修 (14)文档历史 (15)规格 (16)Swift 操作说明本手册所用协定警告 本设备可能出现故障。

本设备可能会停止报告气体压力或者报告不准确的压力。

切勿冒险将自己的生命安危寄托于单一的信信息信息框包含实用建议。

警告介绍Shearwater Swift是一款先进的气体整合传感器，可测量潜水气瓶的气体压力，并将这一信息传输至兼容的潜水电脑。

请仔细阅读本手册，以发挥您的新传感器的最佳性能。

潜水运动存在风险，而不断学习是控制风险的最佳途径。

本手册提供了Shearwater Swift的安装和操作说明。

功能特性•兼容所有气体整合型Shearwater潜水电脑•随机传送间隔确保可靠地同时使用多个Swift传感器•先进的干扰规避系统保障了在使用多个传感器时的可靠性•尺寸小巧：76 x 34mm•可在调节器上进行简单的“无工具”安装和拆除•LED状态指示灯•额定深度达200msw•用户可自行更换的CR2电池气体整合（AI）Swift可与Shearwater潜水电脑连接，提供气体整合功能。

AI代表“Air Integration”（气体整合）。

指的是使用无线传感器测量潜水气瓶的气体压力，并将这一信息传输至潜水电脑以进行显示和记录的系统。

数据传输使用低频（38kHz）无线电通信。

潜水电脑内置的接收器接受这一数据并将其格式转为显示信息。

通信从传感器发送至电脑，无需电脑响应。

可设定两（或更多）个潜水电脑接收相同的单个或多个传感器的传输。

尽管这一功能英文原名的字面含义为“空气”整合，其他混合气体同样可以用于这一系统。

使用氧含量超过22%的混合气体时，请确保您接受过使用此类混合气体的恰当培训，并遵循恰当的清洁和材料兼容性指南。

Swift传感器采用氧气兼容材料制成。

关于无线压力测量传感器的说明自备式呼吸器的组件在欧盟传感器的安装在使用AI系统之前，您需要在潜水气瓶调节器一级头的HP（高压）端口上安装一个或多个传感器。

Quick-Start GuideV1.0.12July. 2017ContentsSAFETY INSTRUCTIONS (3)PRODUCT OVERVIEW (4)1.R EFERENCE F RAME (4)2.B UTTONS &I NDICATOR L IGHTS (5)3.E XTENSION D ESCRIPTION (6)HARDWARE INSTALLATION (7)1.S UCTION C UP (D EFAULT) (7)2.L ASER (9)3.3D P RINTING (11)4.S WIFT G RIPPER (15)5.S WIFT U NIVERSAL H OLDER (17)6.S EEED G ROVE M ODULES (19)7.O PEN MV M ODULE (22)OFFLINE LEARNING MODE (28)SOFTWARE: UARM STUDIO (WIN/MAC) (30)1.D OWNLOAD U A RM S TUDIO (30)2.D EVICE C ONNECTION (30)3.D RAWING/L ASER E NGRAVING (31)4.3D P RINTING (32)5.T EACH &P LAY:L EARNING M ODE (35)6.B LOCKLY:V ISUAL P ROGRAMMING (37)FOR DEVELOPERS (39)1.C OMMUNICATION P ROTOCOL (39)UARM COMMUNITY (47)RELEASE NOTE (48)Safety Instructions1.Please don’t put your hands between the arms when uArm is moving.2.Please use the official power supply for safety reasons.3.Please clear a space for uArm, in case of knocking down anything.Origin (0,0,0)Product Overview 1.Reference Frame2. Buttons & Indicator LightsCaution: By default, the user defined button is for switching between Bluetooth and USB mode. Please ensure the button is UP while communicating with uArm via USB.3.Extension DescriptionHardware Installation1. Suction Cup (Default)PreparationStep 1:Install the suction to the end-effector and lock the nut tightlyNote: Similarly, if you want to uninstall suction cup, unlock the nut.Step 2: Plug the wire of 4th axis motor, suction tube and limited switch2. LaserPreparation (Required Parts: Laser head, Thumb nut)Step 1: Install the laser head and lock the nuts tightlyStep 2: Plug in the board of laser to the end-effector(Please pay attention to the direction)Caution: If the laser could not engrave the paper, please open the uarm studio and start the laser engraving, then focus adjust the lens of laser slowly. Please do not touch the light of laser duringthe engraving.3. 3D PrintingStep 1: Install the 3D printing extruder and locked the nut tightlyStep 2: Install the 3D printing feeding systemCaution: Please ensure the connection is correct. Or the computer wont recognize the uarm.（Connect the motor with the extension board with the 4-color cable）（Feed the PLA material we offered into the feeding system）Step 3: Install the PTFE tubeFeeding the filamentInstalling the tubeStep 4:Keep feeding the material until it’s 60mm out of the other side of PTFE tube.Step 5: Install the tube to the extruderStep 6: Stick the masking tape on the table4. Swift GripperPreparationStep 1:Unscrew suction cup with the hex bar wrench.Step 2: Fix the gripper and lock the nut tightlyStep 3: Plug the 4th axis motor and gripper5. Swift Universal HolderPreparationStep 1 : Unscrew suction cup with the hex bar wrench.Step 2: Fix the gripper and lock the nut tightly Step 3:Plug in the 4th axis motor6. Seeed Grove ModulesSeeed Grove modules is a series of different sensors which helps us to extend the function of uArm to a completely new level. We are offering two parts to help you to connect the uArm with Grove much more easily.Grove Extension Grove mounting block Caution:Grove extension for the uArm end-effector is just designed for(Step 1,2)●PIR Motion Sensor●Mini Fan Module●Electromagnet Module●Ultrasonic Ranger●Other Digital or Analog modules.For the IIC module like: (Step 3)●T emperature Sensor●LCD RGB Backlight Module●Color Sensor●Gesture Sensor●Other Digital or Analog modules.Step 1 : Plug in the Grove breakout and fix the grove module to themounting block.Step 2 : Wiring.Step 3 : For the IIC modules7. OpenMV Module（the firmware should be 3.1.9 or later）PreparationStep 1 : Download the latest OpenMV IDEClick here(Download the latest OpenMV IDE from: https://openmv.io/pages/download and plug in the OpenMV camera to the computer and click Connect in the left of picture)Step 2 : Upgrade the latest firmware to OpenMV by OpenMV IDEClick hereStep 3 : Run the helloworld.py and focus the lens in the right windowClick hereNote: After IDE get the video, then rotate the lens to finish focusing(to see the objects 20cm away) then tight the screw.Step 4 : Get the tracking.py code and save it to the OpenMVY ou could find the tracking.py from: https:///uArm-Developer/OpenMV-Examples Note: The file system of OpenMV 2.4.1 is not very stable, and make sure the file has been stored into the module. Here is our steps:(1) Open the disk of OpenMV, and drag the tracking.py file into the disk and renamed it main.py;(2) If the code has been stored successfully, power on the module, the blue light turns on.Step 5 : Unplug the OpenMV module and wiring the moduleCaution: Please ensure the connection is correct. Or the computer wont recognize the uarm.Step 6 : Install the camera module to the end-effector Note: Please pay attention to the assembling direction of OpenMV, or the arm will move to the opposite direction. And make sure the OpenMV is disconnected with you PC or the IDE will controlthe OpenMV.Step 7 : Keep the table clean and non-reflective and get something with a lotof details like a pcb with resistorsStep 8 : Put the object in front of uArm Swift Pro about 25cm awayStep 9 : Connect the USB port and power port of uArm, press the power button and open a serial monitor (for example Arduino IDE).Step 10 : Adjust the settings (newline & 115200 baud) and then send the M2500 command which will switch the main UART port from USB to the portof OpenMV.Step 11 : Move the object slowly, and the arm will follow it.Offline Learning ModeUse buttons on the base to “teach” uArm by hand.ssssssssTeach:1.Start learning mode. Press the once, and the status indicator truns green.2.Teach the robot manually. Press the once to turn on the end-effector, again to turn off. (If is down end-effector is gripper, or it is pump. Please remember to keep the button up after learning or it will turn on the Bluetooth. Page 5)3.Finish the learning process. Press once, and the status indicator turns off.PLAY:1.One-time playback: Press once, or Loop playback: press & hold for 2 seconds.2.The status indicator starts flashing green slowly.3.Press once to stop playing.Software: uArm Studio (Win/Mac)1.Download uArm Studio from:/#/en/support/* Windows(Win7/8 or before) users will be reminded to install driver. Simply follow the instructions to install.2.Device Connection1）Plug in the power cable.2）Press down the power button.3）Connect uArm to your computer via USB.Status of device connection is displayed on homepage.More info is displayed in “Setting”.3.Drawing/Laser Engraving1)Design a pattern.Insert text/shape Insert an image(“outline” or “black & white”.)2)Click the play button to continue.3)Adjust Zero Point⚠️ IMPORTANT:Please adjust zero point before drawing/engraving.Ensure the pen/laser is TOUCHING the platform.For laser engraving, you can also adjust the speed of engraving.4)Start drawing/engraving!4.3D PrintingPreparation1)Download CuraForuArm2)Double-click .dmg/.exe file to install.3)Enter the 3D Printing section in Studio, and CuraForuArm window willpop up automatically. If not, click the “Open Cura” button.CuraForuArm Interface1)Import an .stl file, edit the size/position of the model.2)Select “uArm Swift Pro” as the printer, and choose the related profile.It is recommended to keep the default settings unchanged.3)Open Printer Monitor.IMPORTANT: Please adjust zero point before printing.Ensure the hot end is JUST TOUCHING the platform.Then click “Save Zero”.(The zero point of each arm is not the same, please adjust the zero point following the step 3) before printing.)4)Start printing!The 3D extruder will automatically heat up to 200℃ to print.uArm will remain still during the pre-heating section.Please don’t touch the metal part of the extruder for safety reason.5.Teach & Play: Learning ModeWhat is Teach & Play?Teach uArm by hand, and then replay the recording anytime.How?1)Make a recording•Click the “New Recording” button to start “teaching”, OR,•Use the buttons on the base (usage of the buttons is the same as that under “Offline Learning Mode”).2)Save your recording3)Replay the recording in different speed and timesWhat makes “Teach & Play” different from “Offline Learning Mode”?1)No time limit while “teaching” with uArm Studio.2)You may save, export your recordings and import recordings madeby others.3)You may apply your recording in Blockly (visual programminginterface, which is explained up next).6.Blockly: Visual ProgrammingWhat is Blockly?Blockly in uArm Studio is a visual programming interface specially designed for controlling uArm.Getting StartedThree “missions” are prepared to get you through Blockly quickly.Please try them out!What can you do with Blockly?1)Control uArm’s basic movements2)Change events (i.e. how you trigger commands)3)Apply recorded movements4)Dig deeper into programming (functions, variables, etc.)For Developersmunication Protocol1) Introduction:•u Arm gCode is an important part of the uArm software.•Based on the standard gCode protocol, we add a new protocol head in front of the gCode so that it can be more easily to use and debug. •What’s more, it is designed to be compatible with the standard gCode. (We offer the code of decode the standard gCode)2) Example:•Sending command from PC“#25 G0 X180 Y0 Z150 F5000”//move to [180,0,150] with the speed 5000mm/min•Reply from uArm “$25 ok”3) Commands(TBD).Command can be divided into two parts:Command with underline: it’s the new added protocol head.•The command from PC starts with ‘#’, while the command from uArm starts with’$’.•And the data following the symbol decided by the PC, and the reply from the uArm should have the same data which indicates it finish the command. (In the example above, PC sends the command with ‘#25’ and uArm replies the command with ’$25’)Command without the underline: it’s the standard gCode.Caution1.There should be blank space between each parameter;2.The letters in the command should be capitalized;d. Different modes for uArm Swift ProSince different types of the end-effectors have different length and height, so we designed the command M2400, which could help us to fit the uArm into different situations easily. With this command, there is no need to concern about how to adjust the parameters for different situations.Currently we offer 4 kinds of mode:M2400 V0 : Normal mode (end-effector tools: suction)M2400 V1 : Laser mode (end-effector tools: laser)M2400 V2 : 3D printing mode (end-effector tools: extruder)M2400 V3 : Universal holder mode (end-effector tools: universal holder)For the gripper, there is no special mode since gripper has the fingers and can rotate horizontally.uArm CommunityUFACTORY Official ForumuArm User Facebook GroupAsk for HelpRelease Note。

Swift编程初学者教程第一章：介绍Swift编程语言1.1 Swift的起源和发展1.2 Swift的特点和优势1.3 Swift与其他编程语言的比较第二章：环境搭建和基础知识2.1 安装Xcode开发环境2.2 Xcode的界面介绍2.3 编写第一个Swift程序2.4 变量和常量的声明和使用2.5 数据类型和类型推断2.6 基本运算符和表达式第三章：控制流程和函数3.1 条件语句：if、switch3.2 循环语句：for、while、repeat-while3.3 控制流程语句：break、continue、fallthrough、return、throw3.4 函数的定义和调用3.5 函数的参数和返回值3.6 函数的重载和内嵌函数第四章：集合类型和容器4.1 数组：定义、访问、遍历、增删改查 4.2 字典：定义、访问、遍历、增删改查 4.3 集合：定义、遍历、增删查找、操作符 4.4 元组：定义、访问、比较、解构第五章：面向对象编程5.1 类和对象的定义5.2 属性和方法的声明和使用5.3 继承和多态的实现5.4 类型和实例方法的区别5.5 访问控制：public、internal、private5.6 扩展和协议的应用第六章：错误处理和异常6.1 错误类型的定义和处理方式6.2 异常处理机制：try、catch、throw 6.3 自定义错误类型和错误处理函数 6.4 异常传递和捕获的注意事项第七章：可选类型和强制解包7.1 可选类型的概念和使用场景7.2 对可选类型的赋值和判空处理7.3 强制解包的概念和用法7.4 可选绑定和隐式解析可选类型7.5 可选链式调用和可选映射第八章：面向协议编程8.1 协议的定义和实现8.2 协议的继承和实现8.3 协议的扩展和默认实现8.4 类型的遵循和协议的组合8.5 协议的应用和优势第九章：并发编程和多线程9.1 多线程的概念和应用场景9.2 线程的创建和销毁9.3 线程的同步和互斥9.4 GCD的使用和常见操作9.5 多线程编程的注意事项第十章：应用开发实例10.1 界面布局和交互设计原则10.2 使用Storyboards创建界面10.3 控件的使用和事件的处理10.4 数据的存储和读取10.5 应用发布和调试技巧本教程通过多个章节的组合，详细介绍了Swift编程语言的基础知识和高级特性。

苹果Swift编程语言入门教程【中文版】 目录 1 简介 2 Swift入门 3 简单值 4 控制流 5 函数与闭包 6 对象与类 7 枚举与结构 1 简介 Swift是供iOS和OS X应用编程的新编程语言，基于C和Objective-C，而却没有C的一些兼容约束。

Swift采用了安全的编程模式和添加现代的功能来是的编程更加简单、灵活和有趣。

界面则基于广受人民群众爱戴的Cocoa和Cocoa Touch框架，展示了软件开发的新方向。

Swift已经存在了多年。

Apple基于已有的编译器、调试器、框架作为其基础架构。

通过ARC(Automatic Reference Counting，自动引用计数)来简化内存管理。

我们的框架栈则一直基于Cocoa。

Objective-C进化支持了块、collection literal和模块，允许现代语言的框架无需深入即可使用。

(by gashero)感谢这些基础工作，才使得可以在Apple软件开发中引入新的编程语言。

Objective-C开发者会感到Swift的似曾相识。

Swift采用了Objective-C的命名参数和动态对象模型。

提供了对Cocoa框架和mix-and-match的互操作性。

基于这些基础，Swift引入了很多新功能和结合面向过程和面向对象的功能。

Swift对新的程序员也是友好的。

他是工业级品质的系统编程语言，却又像脚本语言一样的友好。

他支持playground，允许程序员实验一段Swift代码功能并立即看到结果，而无需麻烦的构建和运行一个应用。

Swift集成了现代编程语言思想，以及Apple工程文化的智慧。

编译器是按照性能优化的，而语言是为开发优化的，无需互相折中。

(by gashero)可以从"Hello, world"开始学起并过渡到整个系统。

所有这些使得Swift成为Apple软件开发者创新的源泉。

Swift是编写iOS和OSX应用的梦幻方式，并且会持续推进新功能的引入。

Swift用户使用手册目录第一部分Swift软件菜单介绍一．软件注册 (3)二．软件界面整体介绍 (3)三．工具条说明 (3)1．通用工具条 (4)2．数据处理工具条 (4)3．模型诊断分析工具条 (5)4．直线分析工具条 (6)5．特征综合分析工具条 (7)6．典型曲线拟合分析工具条 (8)7．压力计算工具条 (8)8．短期分析工具条 (8)9．脉冲试井 (9)四．功能菜单说明 (9)1．【文件】菜单选项 (9)2．【数据准备】菜单选项 (9)3．【模型诊断】菜单选项 (11)4．【常规分析】菜单选项 (11)5．【模拟分析】菜单选项 (12)6．【特种分析】菜单选项 (13)7．【试井设计】菜单选项 (16)8．【报告输出】菜单选项 (16)9．【设置】菜单选项 (18)10．【帮助】菜单选项 (17)第二部分swift软件使用说明前言 (19)一．基础信息输入 (19)1．新建文件 (19)2．接收基础信息 (19)1) 测试基础信息的接收 (19)2) 储层、流体性质参数 (21)二．数据接收与处理 (23)1．数据导入、接收 (23)2．数据预处理 (33)三．解释段选择及模型诊断 (38)四．模型选择 (41)五．模型分析 (47)1. 常规分析 (48)1) 直线分析 (48)2) 特征综合分析 (50)2. 模拟分析 (51)1) 图版拟合 (51)2) 自动拟合---模拟检验 (52)3. 特种分析 (55)1) 压力计算 (55)2) 剖面分析 (60)3) 储量计算 (60)4) 短期分析 (60)5) 多井分析 (64)6) 考虑tp的多井分析 (65)7) 脉冲试井 (65)六．试井设计 (70)七．报告输出 (72)1) 报告附加信息录入 (72)2) 报告设置 (73)3) 报告预览 (74)4) 报告输出 (74)5) 数据上报 (74)第一部分Swift软件菜单介绍一．软件注册本软件为绿色软件，安装时可以直接把软件拷贝到系统任意目录。

Swift语言入门实例教程汇报人：日期:CATALOGUE目录•Swift语言简介•Swift语言基本语法•Swift语言高级特性•Swift语言与iOS开发实例教程•Swift语言性能优化•Swift语言展望与未来趋势Swift语言简介Swift语言背景介绍Swift语言的特点和优势Swift广泛应用于开发iOS和macOS应用程序，包括但不限于以下几个方面移动应用开发：使用Swift来编写iOS应用程序，包括iPhone、iPad和Apple Watch等设备的原生应用程序。

桌面应用开发：使用Swift来创建macOS桌面应用程序，包括Finder、系统工具和其他系统级的应用程序。

服务器端开发：虽然Swift在服务器端的应用相对较少，但随着跨平台开发的兴起，使用Swift进行服务器端开发也逐渐变得流行。

游戏开发：使用Swift来创建游戏引擎和游戏逻辑，特别是在Unity等跨平台游戏引擎中，Swift被广泛使用。

Swift语言的应用场景Swift语言基本语法总结词详细描述变量和常量数据类型总结词数据类型是用来定义变量或常量的取值范围和格式。

详细描述Swift有多种数据类型，包括整数类型（如Int、Int8等）、浮点数类型（如Float、Double等）、布尔类型（Bool）、字符类型（Char）、字符串类型（String）等。

根据实际需求选择合适的数据类型可以提高代码的可读性和效率。

运算符总结词详细描述总结词流程控制语句用于控制程序的执行流程。

详细描述Swift支持多种流程控制语句，包括条件语句（if-else）、循环语句（for-in、while、do-while等）和开关语句（switch）。

这些语句可以根据程序中的条件或状态来选择性地执行代码块，从而实现复杂的逻辑控制。

流程控制语句Swift语言高级特性枚举结构体枚举和结构体Swift中的泛型允许我们编写灵活的代码，可以处理任何类型的值。

Swift编程语言入门与实践指南Chapter 1: Introduction to Swift Programming LanguageSwift is a modern, powerful, and intuitive programming language developed by Apple for building iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS applications. It is designed with a focus on safety, performance, and readability, making it an ideal choice for both beginners and experienced developers. In this chapter, we will explore the basic concepts of Swift programming and discuss its key features.1.1 Evolution of SwiftSwift was first introduced by Apple in 2014 as a successor to the Objective-C language. It aimed to address the limitations of Objective-C and provide a more efficient and easy-to-use language for developing Apple applications. Since its launch, Swift has undergone several updates, introducing new features and improvements to enhance the development experience.1.2 Benefits of SwiftSwift offers a plethora of benefits, making it a preferred choice for iOS app development. Some of the key advantages include:- Readability: Swift code is clean, concise, and easy to read, allowing developers to quickly understand and modify code.- Safety: Swift eliminates common programming errors by providing features like type inference, optionals, and automatic memory management.- Performance: Swift is built with performance in mind, offering fast execution and low memory footprint.- Interoperability: Swift is compatible with Objective-C, enabling developers to use existing libraries and frameworks alongside Swift code.- Community Support: Swift has a large and active community that provides abundant resources, tools, and libraries for developers.Chapter 2: Basic Syntax and Data Types2.1 Variables and ConstantsIn Swift, variables are declared using the "var" keyword, while constants are declared using the "let" keyword. Variables can be assigned different values, whereas constants have a fixed value that cannot be changed once defined.2.2 Data TypesSwift provides a wide range of data types, including integers, floating-point numbers, strings, booleans, arrays, dictionaries, and more. Each data type is optimized for performance and comes with a set of built-in methods and properties.2.3 Control FlowControl flow statements like if-else, switch, for-in loops, and while loops allow developers to control the execution flow of their programs. These statements can be used to make decisions, iterate over collections, or perform repetitive tasks.Chapter 3: Object-Oriented Programming in Swift3.1 Classes and ObjectsSwift supports object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts such as classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism. Classes are used to define blueprints for creating objects, while objects are instances of a class with their own set of properties and behaviors.3.2 Inheritance and PolymorphismInheritance allows developers to create hierarchies of classes, where a subclass inherits properties and methods from its superclass. Polymorphism enables objects of different types to be treated as instances of a common superclass, providing flexibility and extensibility to the codebase.3.3 Abstraction and EncapsulationAbstraction and encapsulation are fundamental principles of OOP. Abstraction allows developers to hide complex implementation details and provide a simplified interface. Encapsulation ensures that data andbehavior are bundled together within a class, promoting data integrity and code reusability.Chapter 4: Advanced Concepts in Swift4.1 GenericsGenerics in Swift enable developers to write flexible and reusable functions and types. They allow for the creation of code that can work with different types, providing type safety and eliminating code duplication.4.2 Optionals and Error HandlingOptionals are a powerful feature in Swift that allows for the representation of both a value and the absence of a value. Error handling mechanisms, such as try-catch blocks, facilitate graceful handling of errors and prevent program crashes.4.3 ConcurrencyConcurrency is crucial for building responsive and efficient applications. Swift offers several mechanisms, such as asynchronous programming with closures, Grand Central Dispatch, and operation queues, to handle concurrent tasks effectively.Chapter 5: Practical Application of Swift5.1 iOS App DevelopmentSwift is the preferred language for iOS app development, with its ability to build high-performance, visually appealing, and user-friendly applications. Developers can leverage the iOS SDK and various frameworks to create innovative apps for iPhones, iPads, and Apple Watches.5.2 Server-Side DevelopmentSwift is not limited to iOS app development; it can also be used for server-side development. Libraries like Vapor and Kitura provide extensive support for building powerful and scalable backend systems using Swift.5.3 Swift Package ManagerSwift Package Manager is a command-line tool that simplifies the management of dependencies in Swift projects. It allows developers to easily integrate third-party libraries and frameworks into their codebase, enhancing productivity and code quality.In conclusion, Swift is a versatile programming language that offers a wide range of features, making it suitable for various application development scenarios. With its intuitive syntax, safety features, and powerful frameworks, Swift empowers developers to build reliable, efficient, and feature-rich applications across multiple Apple platforms.。

Swift编程初学者指南第一章：简介在计算机编程领域，Swift是一种兼具强大性能与易用性的编程语言。

本指南旨在帮助初学者快速入门Swift编程，并提供一些实用的技巧和建议。

第二章：Swift语言基础2.1 语法和语义Swift采用了现代化的语法和强大的类型推断功能，使得代码的编写更为简洁和易读。

本节将介绍Swift的基本语法和符号，比如变量声明、条件语句、循环语句等。

2.2 数据类型和运算符Swift支持多种基本数据类型，包括整型、浮点型、布尔型、字符型等，同时还提供了丰富的运算符来进行数学运算、逻辑运算等。

本节将详细介绍Swift支持的数据类型和运算符，以及它们的使用方法。

2.3 函数和闭包函数是Swift的核心概念之一，它可以重复使用代码块，提高代码的复用性和可维护性。

闭包则是一种特殊的函数，可以在代码中以简洁的方式处理一些逻辑。

本节将介绍如何定义和调用函数，以及使用闭包来简化代码。

第三章：面向对象编程3.1 类和对象面向对象编程是一种常用的编程范式，它将数据和操作封装在对象中，提高代码的可扩展性和可维护性。

本节将介绍Swift中如何定义类和创建对象，以及类和对象的相关概念和用法。

3.2 继承与多态继承和多态是面向对象编程的两个重要特性，它们可以帮助开发者更好地组织代码和提高代码的复用性。

本节将详细介绍Swift中的继承和多态的概念和用法，并给出一些实际应用的例子。

3.3 重载与扩展重载和扩展是Swift中的两个重要特性，它们可以使开发者以多种方式对同一个方法进行定义和调用，从而提供更大的灵活性。

本节将详细介绍Swift中的重载和扩展，以及它们的使用场景和示例。

第四章：应用程序开发4.1 iOS应用程序开发Swift最初是为开发iOS应用程序而设计的，因此在iOS应用程序开发方面有着得天独厚的优势。

本节将介绍如何使用Swift开发iOS应用程序，包括UI设计、控件使用、界面跳转等。

4.2 macOS应用程序开发除了iOS应用程序，Swift也可以用于开发macOS应用程序。

第2章Swift初见Swift语言是苹果公司在既有开源语言的基础之上，兼收并蓄了自家语言及框架的优点，推出的一门同时注重编译效率与开发效率的，适用于iOS和OS X应用开发的全新编程语言。

它易学易用，简单高效，具有如下特点。

上手简单，入门容易。

没有C语言的兼容性限制，没有Objective-C语言的古怪语法，几乎拥有现代高级编程语言的所有特征。

有人说它像AS3，也有人说它像Python。

兼容旧程序。

以成熟且备受宠爱的Cocoa 和Cocoa Touch 框架为支撑，提供了无缝接入现有Cocoa 框架以及与Objective-C 混编的能力。

支持Playground。

允许程序员调试Swift 代码并立即看到结果，无须反复编译运行程序。

Swift经过了数年的酝酿，苹果公司通过改进现有的编译器、调试器和框架结构奠定了Swift 的基础，并通过Automatic Reference Counting（ARC）简化了内存管理。

2.1 Hello World通常来说，编程语言教程中的第一个程序应该在屏幕上打印“Hello, World”。

在Swift 中，可以用一行代码实现：println("Hello, World")如果你写过 C 或者Objective-C 代码，那么应该很熟悉这种形式。

在Swift中，你将看到许多其他高级编程语言特征的影子。

在Swift 中，这行代码就是一个完整的程序。

你不需要为了输入输出或者进行字符串处理导入一个单独的库。

也不需要main函数，因为全局作用域中的代码会被自动当作程序的入口点。

println即为Swift的全局函数之一。

同样不需要在每个语句结尾写上分号，因为Swift语法以高效细腻著称，从不建议程序员编写多余的字符。

第2章 Swift 初见29 本章会通过一系列编程实例来让你对 Swift 有初步了解，如果你有什么不理解的地方也不用担心，本章介绍的任何内容都会在后面的章节中进行详细讲解。