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13调速永磁同步电机在用户已经掌握RMxprt 基本使用的前提下，我们将一些过程简化，以便介绍一些更高级的使用。
有关RMxprt 的详细介绍请参考第一部分的章节。
13.1基本原理调速永磁同步电机的转子转速是通过调节输入电压的频率来控制的。
与标准的直流无刷电机不同，这种电机不需要位置传感器。
永磁同步电机的转子上安装永磁体（有内转子与外转子之分），定子上嵌有多相电枢绕组，其极数与转子相同。
永磁同步电机既可用作发电机，也可用作电动机。
当电机工作在电动状态时，定子多相绕组可由正弦交流电源供电或由直流电源经DC/AC 变换来供电。
当电机工作在发电状态时，定子多相绕组为负载提供交流电源。
13.1.1 定子绕组正弦交流电源供电永磁同步电机分析方法与三相凸极同步电机相同，电机既可工作在发电状态也可工作在电动状态，通常采用频域矢量图来分析电机的特性。
电机发电状态矢量图如图13.1a ，电机电动状态矢量图如图13.1b 。
发电机b. 电动机图13.1 同步电机相量图图13.1中，R 1、X d 、X q 分别为定子电枢的电阻、d 轴同步电抗和q 轴同步电抗。
aq1q ad 1d X X X X X X +=+=(13.1)上式中，X 1为电枢绕组漏电抗，X ad 和X aq 分别为d 轴电枢反应电抗和q 轴电枢反应电抗。
以输入电压U 为参考矢量， I 滞后U 的角度为φ， 称φ为功率因数角， 则电流矢量为：ϕ-∠=I I(13.2)令I 滞后E 0的角度为ψ。
则可得d 轴和q 轴的电流为：⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=ψψcos sin I I I q d I (13.3)所以：qd 1I I -=tan ψ (13.4)13.1.1.1 发电机模型在图13.1a ，OM 所代表的矢量可表示为：)j j (aq 11X X R OM +++=I U (13.5)OM 所代表的矢量可用来确定E 0的位置。
令U 滞后E 0的角度为θ，对于发电机称θ为功角，则角度ψ为θϕψ+=(13.6)对于给定的功角θ，我们有；⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-θθsin cos U U E I I X R R X 0q d q 11d (13.7)求得I d 和I q 为：⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--+-+=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡θθθθsin )cos (sin )cos (U X U E R U R U E X X X R 1I I d 0110q qd 21q d(17.8)功率角φ：θψϕ-=(13.9)输出电功率：ϕcos UI 3P 2=(13.10)输入机械功率：)(Fe Cua fw 21P P P P P +++= (13.11)式中P fw 、P Cua 、P Fe 分别为风摩损耗、电枢铜损和铁心损耗输入机械转矩：ω11P T =(13.12)ω为同步角速度rad/s13.1.1.2 电动机模型在图13.1， OM 所代表的矢量可表示为：)j j (aq 11X X R OM ++-=I U (13.5’)OM 所代表的矢量可用来确定E 0的位置。
系统安装和运行 软件操作说明中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所2009年4月安装和运行一、软件安装（一）安装要求1. 软件及其附件（1）电法工作站WEM2.5软件光盘；（2）免驱动USB接口加密锁；（3）软件操作说明。
2. 系统要求操作系统：Windows XPCPU:Intel Pentium 处理器内存：64M以上语言支持：简体中文（二）安装与卸载步骤1．安装（1）将本软件配套的光盘插入光盘驱动器；（2）打开光盘驱动器，在“电法工作站WEM2.5”目录中找到安装程序Setup.exe；（3）运行Setup.exe会进入电法工作站WEM2.5软件系统的自动安装过程； （4）请按照提示选择安装选项指导安装结束。
如果您不想改变安装软件的设置，只须按照提示点击“下一步”和“确定”按钮即可。
软件安装完成后，您可在“开始”菜单的“程序组”中找到“电法工作站WEM2.5”软件系统，在该程序组中有本软件系统的所有功能模块程序,但运行这些程序需要与软件配套的软件狗。
2．卸载电法勘探工作站软件提供了自动卸载的功能，使您可以方便地卸载本软件的所有文件、程序组、快捷方式和设置。
方法一：第一步、启动计算机并进入Windows XP；第二步、依次进入“开始/程序/电法勘探工作站（WEM2.5）”，选择“卸载电法勘探工作站”即自动卸载。
方法二：第一步、启动计算机并进入Windows XP；第二步、打开控制面板，双击"添加/删除程序"；第三步、在"目前安装的程序"属性页中选中 "电法勘探工作站"，然后点击"添加/删除"按钮，即可自动卸载。
二、系统运行电法工作站系统包括常规电阻率/激电法、阵列大地电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法、磁性源瞬变电磁法和幅相激电法五个方法子系统，各个子系统可以单所示。
独运行，系统主界面如图1-1所对应的图标，即可运行相应的子系统。
13调速永磁同步电机在用户已经掌握RMxprt 基本使用的前提下，我们将一些过程简化，以便介绍一些更高级的使用。
有关RMxprt 的详细介绍请参考第一部分的章节。
13.1基本原理调速永磁同步电机的转子转速是通过调节输入电压的频率来控制的。
与标准的直流无刷电机不同，这种电机不需要位置传感器。
永磁同步电机的转子上安装永磁体（有内转子与外转子之分），定子上嵌有多相电枢绕组，其极数与转子相同。
永磁同步电机既可用作发电机，也可用作电动机。
当电机工作在电动状态时，定子多相绕组可由正弦交流电源供电或由直流电源经DC/AC 变换来供电。
当电机工作在发电状态时，定子多相绕组为负载提供交流电源。
13.1.1 定子绕组正弦交流电源供电永磁同步电机分析方法与三相凸极同步电机相同，电机既可工作在发电状态也可工作在电动状态，通常采用频域矢量图来分析电机的特性。
电机发电状态矢量图如图13.1a ，电机电动状态矢量图如图13.1b 。
发电机b. 电动机图13.1 同步电机相量图图13.1中，R 1、X d 、X q 分别为定子电枢的电阻、d 轴同步电抗和q 轴同步电抗。
aq1q ad 1d X X X X X X +=+=(13.1)上式中，X 1为电枢绕组漏电抗，X ad 和X aq 分别为d 轴电枢反应电抗和q 轴电枢反应电抗。
以输入电压U 为参考矢量， I 滞后U 的角度为φ， 称φ为功率因数角， 则电流矢量为：ϕ-∠=I I(13.2)令I 滞后E 0的角度为ψ。
则可得d 轴和q 轴的电流为：⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=ψψcos sin I I I q d I (13.3)所以：qd 1I I -=tan ψ (13.4)13.1.1.1 发电机模型在图13.1a ，OM 所代表的矢量可表示为：)j j (aq 11X X R OM +++=I U (13.5)OM 所代表的矢量可用来确定E 0的位置。
令U 滞后E 0的角度为θ，对于发电机称θ为功角，则角度ψ为θϕψ+=(13.6)对于给定的功角θ，我们有；⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-θθsin cos U U E I I X R R X 0q d q 11d (13.7)求得I d 和I q 为：⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--+-+=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡θθθθsin )cos (sin )cos (U X U E R U R U E X X X R 1I I d 0110q qd 21q d(17.8)功率角φ：θψϕ-=(13.9)输出电功率：ϕcos UI 3P 2=(13.10)输入机械功率：)(Fe Cua fw 21P P P P P +++= (13.11)式中P fw 、P Cua 、P Fe 分别为风摩损耗、电枢铜损和铁心损耗输入机械转矩：ω11P T =(13.12)ω为同步角速度rad/s13.1.1.2 电动机模型在图13.1， OM 所代表的矢量可表示为：)j j (aq 11X X R OM ++-=I U (13.5’)OM 所代表的矢量可用来确定E 0的位置。
声明感谢您购买QUICRUN（酷跑）系列有感无刷电子调速器！无刷动力系统功率强大，错误的使用可能造成人身伤害和设备损坏。
请您在使用设备前仔细阅读本说明书，并严格遵守规定的操作程序。
我们不承担因使用本产品而引起的任何责任，包括但不限于对附带损失或间接损失的赔偿责任；同时，我们不承担因擅自对产品进行修改所引起的任何责任。
我们有权在不经通知的情况下变更产品设计、外观、性能及使用要求。
产品特色↓体积小巧，便于安装于各种车架；↓自动识别有感无刷马达和无感无刷马达，对各种车用无刷马达具有良好的兼容性；↓使用顶级竞赛核心程序，具有一流的操控手感及丰富的调节选项，适应各种比赛场地和环境；↓性价比高，客户无需支付高昂的费用即可拥有一颗稳定可靠、操控性能极好的竞赛级电调；↓8档进角调整功能，显著提升马达输出功率，发挥出马达最大潜能；↓比例式刹车：4段最大刹车力度调节、8段拖刹力度调节、4段初始刹车力度调节；↓9档启动加速度（Punch）调整功能，适应不同特性的车型、轮胎及场地；↓多重保护功能：电池低压保护、过温保护、油门失控保护、堵转保护；↓可使用电调上的SET按键设置和更改电调参数，且有单键恢复出厂默认参数的功能；↓兼容便携式车用电调编程设定卡（显示屏为数码管LED），设定卡具有友好的人机界面，便于在赛场使用。
车用无刷电子调速器产品规格*备注1：此处的马达T数是指在电调0度进角条件下电机T数的极限值，当电调进角加大后马达T数也需要相应增加。
请留意马达及电调的温度，防止过温而造成设备损坏。
首次使用车用无刷电子调速器第一步：根据所使用的电机，按相应的图示接线并复查无误后，进入下一步。
第二步：设定油门行程。
强调：电调第一次使用或遥控器更改过油门“TRIM”微调、D/R、EPA等参数后，均需重设油门行程，不然可能会导致无法使用或误动作。
另外我们强烈建议同时开启遥控器的失控保护功能，将遥控器油门通道的无信号保护（“F/S”）功能设置为关闭输出方式或将保护值设置为中点位置，使得当接收机无法收到遥控器信号后，电机能够停止运转。
INSTALLATION MANUALThese instructions are designed to help you become familiar with and act as a generic guideline to installing your module. We provide custom instructions, specific to your make and model, upon request. (see below)Installation Steps:Example Pictures3 4Step 1. Make sure your engine is off and no key is in the ignition. Please make sure your vehicle is cool and never hot when working in the engine bay.Step2. Locate your vehicle’s Intake Air Temperature (IAT ) Sensor and /or Integrated Mass Air Flow (MAF ) /IA T sensor.Step3. Locate your vehicle’s two IA T functioning wires. Remember, you are always connecting to the IA T sensor which is only two wires whether or not it is integrated with the MAF. ( If your MAF sensor has5 or 6 wires, the module will only plug into 2 of them.)Step4. Connect your PRO EVOLUTION ECU Performance Module to your vehicle’s IA T sensor using the supplied Wire Taps . Each of your vehicle’s two IA T sensor wires should go into one of the “Through” Holes . Clamp each wire taps to secure the connection.Step5. Mount the module in a cool area away from magnetic surfaces and the engine using the Zip ties provided.You may not feel an immediate increase in performance. Please allow 3-5 driving cycles or up to 300 miles for the module to adapt. Contact us if you do not feel anydifference. We will assist in ensuring the module has been installed and is working properlyTerms and Conditions:+-* Our product does not fix problems with your vehicle. If your vehicle has a knock and or any other issues, it is recommended that you correct the problem before installing. This module is not intended for use on vehicles equipped with nitrous oxide or NOS. Use of this aftermarket product is at your own risk. By using this productyou agree to release us AUTO EVOLUTION, its owners, employees and affiliates from all liability and/or damages you incur by using this product, including, but not limited to: damage, traffic violations, warranty issues and theft. This product has been tested extensively and has been shown to be safe and not harmful to the longevity of the engine. However these are only current test results and not guarantees or implications. All tangible and intangible, physical and intellectual, rights, materials, property and information relevant to any AUTOSPEED product are reserved for the exclusive and sole use of PRO EVOLUTION ECU, , AUTOSPEED , and subsidiary companies. I understand that this manual was provided by a service representative that may or may not be a certified mechanic. PRO EVOLUTION ECU, AUTOSPEED , and subsidiary companies assume no responsibility for the information provided. The information provided is based solely off of the FACTORY SERVICE MANUAL for your vehicle. AUTO EVOLUTION does NOT verify the information prior to release, it is assumed Factory Service Manuals are correct.Frequently Asked QuestionsQ: Why didn’t my manual come with diagrams for my vehicle?A: Due to licensing regulations, we cannot provide diagrams with purchase. We can only providediagrams for support purposes, upon request, Remember, we are using FACTORY diagrams. You can request make and model specific diagrams for no additional cost at http// (See reverse side for details)Q: Does it matter which of the two black wires from the module I hook up to my vehicle’s sensor? A: No it does not. Just make sure you connect to the IAT sensor. Each wire from the module connects toone wire on your vehicle. One module wire will never connect to more than one vehicle sensor wire. Q: Do I have to unplug my vehicle’s battery?A: No. With the many new types of vehicle security systems, unplugging your battery could cause issueswhich can only be solved by the dealership. Q ：Do I have to use High Octane Gasoline?A: No you do not, regular grade gasoline is fine. The module will adapt accordingly. We do howeverrecommend 89 and up for maximum performance. Q ：What does this module do?A: Our Performance Module works by sending a modified signal through a factory sensor, which islocated in your engine compartment, called the Intake Air T emperature (IAT) sensor. This sensor is linked directly to the Engine Control Module (ECM). The ECM controls fuel timing, fuel injection, pulse widths, and more. The signal sent from your Performance Module alters your ECM reading, making it reprogram itself for a better overall engine tune. The module is 100% safe and never bypasses or exceeds factory specifications / limitations.Q: Is it safe? What about emissions testing and servicing at the dealership?A: Our Performance Modules “piggy back” onto an existing sensor. It is EXTREMEL Y safe to usebecause the ECM has factory safeguards which keep it from going beyond your vehicle’s factory–safe capabilities. This means that it is 100% SAFE for your engine! If you ever decide to sell your vehicle or take it in for servicing, remove our module and the ECM will revert back to its original setting. There are absolutely NO permanent affects, NO footprints, and NO Damage to your engine! Q: The product is not working out for me. What steps do I need to take to return it?A: Please go to and submit a returns request. Please note that modules1 2returned after 15 days will acquire a $15 Restocking Fee and modules returned after 30 days will be exchanged for a new module in accordance with the lifetime guarantee. Q: What is the Lifetime Guarantee?A: The Lifetime guarantee begins after the 30 days trial period for the original vehicle the module waspurchased for. The Lifetime Guarantee is an exchange only program which allows you to send back the original module for a new module free of charge. Please ship the module back along with a note including a reason for the exchange. Once we receive the original module, we will send you a new one within 1-2 weeks.How much does it cost?Performance chip tuning and ECU remaps cost from 200￡+V AT. Depending on the work involved remapping your cars ECU chip, the cost for your vehicle may be higher. For a specific quote to chip tune your car ECU, we recommend you contact us directly.How much power will I get?Non turbo petrol engines can achieve up to 10% in power. Turbo petrol engines can achieve up to 15% in power and turbo diesels can achieve up to 30% in power from one of our ECU remaps. But, unless you’re interested in top end speed only, it’s the torque improvements you should be really interested in. Why? Because it’s torque that gives you the acceleration, overtaking ability, push in the back when you put your foot down. To find out more, contact AutoSpeed today. You can call us free from a land line on 08000 515 415.Is ECU remapping safe?Yes it is. AutoSpeed will only remap your ECU software chip within the safe parameters of your engine. Furthermore, we offer a lifetime guarantee on the stability of your ECU chip tune as evidence to how safe we consider our remapping services to be.Will remapping affect my warranty?Chip tuning and ECU remapping will affect your car’s warranty if your car’s warranty excludes any modification to your vehicle during the warranty period. If such a clause does not exist within your car’s warranty then perhaps it might come down to the garage or warranty provider proving that the modification had a direct causal link with the issue at hand that is giving rise to the warranty claim. However, as ECU remapping is not detectible by garage diagnostic systems, whether or not you tell your garage about your ECU remap they will not be aware any modification to your ECU’s software has been made.Doss chip tuning affect reliability?No it does not. When your ECU is remapped professionally, its chip is tuned within the safe parameters of your car’s engine. As a result when your car is tuned by AutoSpeed, the ECU remap will not affect your car’s reliability.Is chip tuning reversible?Yes it is. Though why you would want to revert your car back to its factory map after havingexperienced one of our ECU remaps on your car we could not explain. However, AutoSpeed always retains both a copy of your car’s factory ECU map as well as your car’s chip tuned map. So, if ever your local garage erases your ECU map we will have a back up for you, they won’t but we will! My car is not on your list, can you chip tune it?If you cannot find you car on our list then contact us. Chances are it can be tuned but we may not have yet updated our list. We’d rather you contact us directly to see if your car can be chip tuned reliably than assume your car cannot be remapped. If you are phoning from a land line you can call us free of charge on 08000 515 415Can you remap petrol and diesel cars?Yes we can. Turbo diesels respond best to chip tuning as they can safely gain up to 30% in power and torque. Turbo petrols also response extremely well to ECU remapping and can gain up to 20% in power and torque. Naturally aspirated engines whether they are petrol or diesel do not experience such high power gains but they do benefit from enhanced throttle response and engine smoothness.Do you remap vans and commercial vehicles?Yes we do. AutoSpeed can chip tune cars, bikes, vans and commercial vehicles. The principal behind all of these different forms of transport remains the same. That is, we will remap the software on your vehicle’s ECU via the diagnostic socket [OBD port] where possible and if it is necessary to remove the ECU from your vehicle in order to remap it, then we can provide that service for you as well.RETURNS AND QUESTIONS:PLEASE DO NOT FILE A PAYPAL/CREDIT CARD CLAIM.CALL US AT 800 0415 515 (AM-8:00AM-5:00PM Eastern), AND WE WILL RETURN YOUR CALL WITHIN 24 HOURS. FILING A PAYPAL CLAIM WILL DELAY THE REFUND/SUPPORT PROCESS AS WE NEED TO W AIT FOR THEIR DECISION (USUALLY TAKES 45 DAYS) BEFORE WE CAN ISSUE A REFUND OR OFFER SUPPORT. WE WILL WORK WITH YOU TO RESOLVE ALL ISSUES, INCLUDING RETURNS/REFUNDS. WE ARE A SMALL COMPANY (WHICH GUARANTEES QUALITY HANDMADE PRODUCTS). WE ENJOY WORKING ONE-ON-ONE WITH ALL OF OUR CUSTOMERS, AND WILL RESOLVE ANY ISSUES!You can also email us at a u t o s p e e d .u k @h o t m a i l .c o mThank you for buying from a U.K. Based Company!。
什么是MotorCAD？MotorCAD是用于电机热设计的计算机辅助软件包，采用热路的方法对电机进行热分析和方案优化设计，是全球唯一一款基于热路分析的电机热设计软件。
MotorCAD可以给设计者提供快速的计算方法和精确的计算结果，不仅可以进行参数化计算，而且还能寻找对散热影响最大的变量，可参数化几何结构、物理属性等变量，功能非常强大。
MotorCAD使用方便、简单易懂，即使是非专业人员也可以很快掌握，非常适用于工程实际。
MotorCAD电机库类型：无刷永磁电机、无刷永磁外转子电机、感应电机、开关磁阻电机、直流电机、同步电机、爪极电机、单相感应电机。
MotorCAD的热分析方法目前，电机热设计领域的主要方法包括经验法、数值方法（如FEA、CFD）、热路模型，MotorCAD采用热路计算方法。
经验法经验法一般是基于简单的估算、同比例的放大缩小、测试数据等，其优点是无需计算工具、计算速度快；但是其缺点也十分明显，精算精度差，特别是在设计新型电机的情况下，往往无经验数据可参考，并且经验法无法进行参数化设计，无法知道变量的权重大小。
数值计算方法数值计算法主要包括FEA和CFD两种算法，数值计算方法具有精度高、可参数化计算、后处理强大等特点，但是FEA和CFD软件学习困难、对计算机要求高、计算时间长，参数化计算需要大量的存储空间和很长的计算时间，计算效率低下。
热路计算法目前电机热设计的一个趋势是采用集总热路的计算方法，可对多种电机的稳态和瞬态热分布进行计算，最新的MotorCAD具有优秀的人机交互界面，操作简单，易于掌握，是电机热设计非常有效的工具。
第一章软件界面MotorCAD 提供8中电机类型，永磁无刷电机、感应电机、开关磁阻电机、无刷永磁外转子电机、永磁电机、同步电机、爪极电机、单相感应电机等。
图1.1 电机类型选择图1.2 操作界面软件界面主要包括工具栏菜单及操作界面，操作界面如图1.2红线部分所示，包括几何设置、绕组设置、数据输入、温度计算、数据输出、瞬态计算、热路编辑、参数化计算和脚本编辑等。
版本：V21C1.关于手册和AC_系列产品的特点介绍恭喜并感谢您选择使用本系列驱动器所提供的业界一流的电机驱动控制！本手册将为您提供有关驱动器的安装、调试和操作的必要信息，适用于对驱动器进行设计、安装、调试、使用和维护的工程技术人员。
本手册中包含驱动器的快速启动指南、基本技术参数、机械与电气安装、配线、驱动控制参数、典型行业应用宏设置、保养与维护等内容，及其相关操作方法与注意事项。
为了确保您能够正确使用本系列驱动器，充分发挥产品的卓越性能并确保使用者和设备的安全，在开始对驱动器进行操作之前请您务必详细认真地阅读本手册。
同时，读者应该具备电气、布线、电气元件和电气原理图符号等基础知识。
请您注意：不正确的使用可能会造成驱动器运行异常、发生故障，甚至发生设备损坏、人身伤亡等事故！本手册为随机发送的附件，请妥善保管，驱动器若装在机械或传动设备中，请确保本手册能随成套机机设备交到最终用户手中，以便其在驱动器运行过程中随时可获得产品相关特性与信息。
由于我们始终致力于取得产品和相关资料的不断进步与完善，因此，本公司提供的资料如有变动，恕不另行通知。
最新变动和更多内容，请您直接联系我司当地代表处，或访问我们的网站，或微信公众号（二维码位于本手册的封面）。
为让您快速了解并最大化发挥驱动器优势，现将其性能、功能方面的主要特色点介绍如下：◎1.在带有突破性的直接转矩控制技术的支撑下，在全调速范围内的转矩响应、转矩精度等方面具有比肩行业标杆的出色表现，这一特性特别有助于包含异步、同步电机等各类开环驱动控制的应用中提高系统的可靠性、或节省编码器和减速机投资、或降低维护难度与成本。
◎2.出于对节能减排和用户能源成本节省的响应和追求，在电机驱动与控制、电力电子能量变换技术的探索中，实现了将单位能源有效利用率方面推到更高的发展水平，从而使其具有更好的节能节电效果。
尤其是在驱动高效异步电机、永磁同步电机、同步磁阻电机等新型电机的节能应用中。
