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中考英语阅读之猜测词义和推理判断讲解中考英语阅读理解常见的考题主要是四大类型，主旨大意、细节题、推断题、猜测词义。
本专题分为两节，本节进行猜测词义题和推理判断题的解析一、中考阅读理解目标要求表二、题型技巧精讲1.猜测词义题（指代题）猜测词义题是阅读理解部分常见的一个测试项目，主要用来测试考生对文章中出现的熟悉或不熟悉的词或词组的意义的理解能力。
当遇到不认识的而又是要测试的生词时，要通过上下文去进行猜测。
注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思，特别是后面有同位语、破折号或括号时，就更容易猜测了，因为同位语、破折号或括号就是注释。
其次，利用构词法来进行猜测。
常用的构词法有派生法，转化法以及合成法。
英语中有相当大一部分单词都是由上述三种构词法变来的，这些词的构成一般都有一定的规律，掌握一些常见的规律，对于猜测考试中遇到的生词大有帮助。
猜测词义题的提问形式主要有：(1) The underlined sentence “No one can live a completely isolated life” means ___________ in this passage.(2) What does the underlined word “raised” mean in Paragraph 2?典型例题Learners of English, especially self-taught learners may have troubles in understanding speeches by native speakers. The following ways might help improve their listening ability.First of all, do things step by step. It is not good to listen to something beyond your level. Better choose a suitable course and start the first book. Go on to the second book only after you are sure you understand the first one.Secondly, stick to one course of study. Don’t change books often. Never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more “fashionable”.Thirdly, listen to the English news program over the radio from time to time. Better go through the news stories in the Chinese-language newspaper first. That will make it easy for you to understand the English news on the radio.Fourthly, if you have time, listen to some English from the VOA or other listening materials of the same level as that of your textbook.1. “Beyond your level” means something __________.A. easy for youB. too difficult for youC. not too easy and not too difficult for youD. just all right for you2. In this passage, VOA stands for __________.A. a bookB. a magazineC. a textbookD. a radio program1. 【答案】B【讲解】“Beyond your level”的意思是“超出了你的水平”，也就是对你来说太难了，因此答案选择B项。
中考英语阅读词义猜测讲解教案中考英语阅读词义猜测讲解教案一、考点分析猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。
英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。
任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
所谓上下文(context), 正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。
据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
二、考察形式猜测词义的能力属于英语的基本能力之一。
具体到考试题型上，在单项选择、完型填空、首字母填空、阅读理解等题型上都会有体现，尤其是阅读类题目，对陌生单词意思的猜测和对熟词生义的理解都是会直接影响到对文章的理解。
阅读理解题型往往会以如下形式进行考察。
1.What does the word “…” refer to?2.The underlined word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______.3.By saying that“…”, the author means tha t ___.看到这样的题目，就知道，若是不能理解所指单词意思，那就是失分喽！三、猜词方法大突破前面一开始我们猜测了几个单词的意思，现在我们在有上下文语境的情况下，你猜的对不对。
On the way to the factory, Jack sang a pop song happily. Because it is the first day for himto work，When he was working, he talked with his comrade. Suddenly, the machine broke down because of his carelessness.Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss. His comrade told him, “Take it easy, you are a green hand.”Do you like a lady bird? It is not a kind of bird. It is a insect （昆虫）. It can fly. Its wingsare red. It is very small.Tom is a great man. Tom is treated as a big potato.Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice.【讲解】一个完全陌生的单词，或者一个熟悉的单词怎么都看不出啥意思？为什么？缺乏上下文的语境,一个单词，尤其是在文章中出现的单词，其前后句子或单词在意义上和语法上都会与其相联系。
课题：英语阅读理解之词义猜测一．教材内容分析本节课采用的猜测词义训练材料，均选自近几年全国各地高考英语试题以及2023年省质检中的阅读理解部分。
难度适中，针对性强，有助于鼓励学生学以致用，增强学生的信心，从而达到提高学生的猜测词义能力的效果。
二．学情分析本节课授课对象为高三学生，具备一定的语言积累。
但是，从平时训练可以看出，学生在做阅读理解题时存在一些问题，典型如对根据上下文推断生词词义感到困难，无从下手，这是学生做阅读理解的失分点，弱点，痛点，同时也是提分点和突破点。
三．教学设计思路本节课旨在利用实践与技巧的结合，通过教师自编的有关疫情的感悟文章(学生有过真实经历，更有代入感，便于理解），帮助学生感知英语阅读中的猜词技巧，指导学生解题思路。
随后通过真题演练，让学生在实际运用中掌握猜测词义的9种方法，从而实现教考衔接，助力学生提升自信。
四．教学目标：1.语言能力：Students can master some important words and skills.2.思维品质：Students can learn to infer the logical clues.3.学习能力：Students can apply the strategies in practice4.文化意识:Build up confidence when encountering unfamiliar words as well as the exam itself.五．教学重难点重点：How to help students master the strategies of words guessing .难点1.How to apply the strategies in practice.2.Develop students’ thinking pattern by thinking reversely.六．教学方法Task based method; Group cooperation; Individual thinking七．所属环境及教学模式教学环境：多媒体教学环境教学模式：主题式教学模式八．课前准备制作课件；筛选 2017--2022 年高考全国各地英语试题中阅读理解中的猜测词义题目。
中考英语阅读词义猜测讲解教案教学目标:1.学会运用上下文的暗示和提示来猜测词义。
2.能够有效提取关键信息，抓住文章的重点。
3.培养学生的判断能力和推理能力。
教学准备：1.预先准备一些与阅读材料相关的生词和词义猜测题。
2.准备一些需要学生进行词义猜测的阅读材料。
教学步骤:引入活动：1.通过展示一段有趣的阅读材料(如漫画、故事等)，引起学生的兴趣，激发学生的阅读欲望。
2.请学生读一段短文，并找出其中的生词，并让学生说出他们猜测的词义，然后讨论词义猜测的方法。
阅读活动：1.给学生分发一篇短文，并告诉学生这篇文章包含一些他们可能不熟悉的生词。
2.要求学生通读一遍短文，尝试根据上下文猜测生词的意思，并在文章中划出重要的信息。
3.学生们用他们自己的词解释生词，并解释他们是如何猜测词义的。
讨论和总结：1.请学生分享他们的词义猜测经验和策略，引导学生总结他们在猜测生词意思时的一些常用方法，如利用上下文暗示、前后文关系、词根、前缀、后缀等等。
2.让学生互相交流他们在猜测词义时遇到的困难，老师做一些相关的解答和说明。
拓展练习：1.给学生分发其他一些词义猜测的练习题，让学生根据上下文猜测词义，并解释他们的答案。
巩固活动：1.安排学生进行小组活动，让他们阅读一段较长的短文，并在小组内进行讨论，互相分享并猜测生词的意思。
2.鼓励学生发挥想象力，提出自己的观点，并尝试给出合理的解释。
评估活动:1.让学生在一段给定的短文中划出他们猜测的关键词，并写出他们的猜测及解释。
教学反思:在教学过程中，教师应结合学生的实际情况进行适当的调整，帮助学生更好地理解并掌握词义猜测的技巧。
此外，教师还可以通过使用更有趣、具体的文章内容，激发学生的学习兴趣，并加强他们的词义猜测能力。
Reading comprehension - the skills of guessing words一、Teaching time二、Teaching aims1.To get the students to solve problems.2.To enable the students to master five ways of guessing the meaning of words.3.To cultivate the students’ positive emotions and build their self-confidence.4.To improve the students’ ability of perceiving word guessing skills in reading.三、Teaching important points1. Master the important skills of guessing unknown words in reading.2. Improve the students’ overall reading ability.3. Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.四、Teaching difficulties1. How to train the students’ ability of guessing new words effectively.2. How to enable the students to have a good command of reading materials.五、The analysis of the teaching materials and studentsIn the lesson, the teaching material is all about the five important skills of guessing unknown or difficult words in reading. The students will have an overall conception of the five guessing skills. And this period lays emphasis on the practice of some useful guessing strategies in reading comprehension. Students are encouraged to answer some detailed questions based on the reading text. The Structure of the text is not complex, so it will be not very difficult for students to finish it.六、Teaching methodsDeductive method, Observation method, Asking and answering activity七、Teaching aidsmultimedia, a projector, the blackboard八、Teaching hourOne class hour九、Teaching proceduresStep1 Warming up1.Lead in the topic by asking the question: “ Can you guess the meaning of the two phrases? ”(the teacher presents the phrases on the screen: a fat cat/ when pigs fly )2.Try again to guess the meaning of the two phrases in sentence comprehension.1). Lucy married a man who owns a big company and has millions of dollars. Heis really a fat cat.2). Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a universitywhen pigs fly.3.Introduce some requirements of English reading in College EntranceExamination and present today’s teaching topic - the skills of guessing word meaning in reading.4.List some common ways to raise questions in guessing word meaning.(students need to infer the meaning of new words and phrases from the context.) Sep2 PresentationPresent the five skills of word guessing in reading comprehension to the students. Meanwhile, do some practice after each explanation.1.DefinitionGuess the meaning of the underlined word.It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.Explain the conception and key words of the definition method, then, do some practice.Eg: A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.2.SimilarityGuess the meaning of the underlined word.He is a serious person who always does everything conscientiously.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful．Explain the conception and key words of the similarity method, then, do some practice.Eg: He strayed because of the darkness, and didn’t know where he was.3.ContrastGuess the meaning of the underlined word.Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.Explain the conception and key words of the contrast method, then, do some practice.Eg: Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.4.Cause and effect /5. Common sense(the procedures are the same to the above.)Step3 practiceStudents do the practice first and the teacher checks answers and makes some comments about the students’ performance.Eg: [典例1]（2018 •全国I , C片段）In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.Which of the following best explains “dominant”underlined in paragraph 2? plex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. Step4 SummaryMake a summary about today’s lesson and the skills of guessing new words in reading comprehension.Step5 HomeworkReview the skills learned today and do some practice more.十、Blackboard designThe skills of guessing word meaning in reading comprehensionSkills: 1.definition 4.cause and effect2.Similarity mon sense3.Contrast。
中考英语词义猜测题解题技巧教学设计Teaching design of solving skills of guessing word meaning in senior high school entrance examination中考英语词义猜测题解题技巧教学设计前言：小泰温馨提醒，英语作为在许多国际组织或者会议上都是必需语言，几乎所有学校选择英语作为其主要或唯一的外语必修课。
英语教学涉及多种专业理论知识，包括语言学、第二语言习得、词汇学、句法学、文体学、语料库理论、认知心理学等内容。
本教案根据英语课程标准的要求和针对教学对象是初中生群体的特点，将教学诸要素有序安排，确定合适的教学方案的设想和计划、并以启迪发展学生智力为根本目的。
便于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。
词义猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
其常见的提问方式有：1.the word “…” means ___ in chinese.2.which of the following is the closest in meaningto ____?3.the word “…” could best be re placed by ______.4.in para2, the underlined word/ sentence “…” means/ refers to _____.解答这类题目的常见技巧：1.通过语境猜测词义。
通过文章主题和上下文的逻辑关系，来推测出生词或句子的含义。
要求词不离句，句不离篇。
从对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述中，推断出词义来。
2.根据定义猜测词义。
定义的形式通常有：用一个句子或段落给生词定义，使用破折号、冒号后面的内容或引号、括号中的内容对生词加以解释或定义。
3.通过经验及生活常识猜测词义。
在阅读文章的基础上利用自己对日常生活的理解和判断来完成对单词的猜测。
阅读理解之词义猜测教学设计
By Wu Jinlong Cizao Middle School
Class 4, Senior 3
（一）综合分析
1．学生分析
我校学生英语基础比较薄弱，经过一学期多的复习，已基本完成福建省高考要求的八个模块学习。
对于中等以上的学生来说，基本能应对高考的阅读任务，但是在阅读习惯的培养及做题技巧的掌握比较不足，比如在阅读文章时边阅读边边默读，碰到生词心理恐惧，不知所措，这些因素都制约着他们对文章的理解以及答题的速度。
鉴于此，教师有必要在课堂上引导他们掌握一些必要的解题技巧，本节课通过技巧的讲解与实践的结合方式，引导学生掌握和运用高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测技巧。
2．题型分析
根据《2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（福建省）英语科考试大纲》要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。
考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；
３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；
５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。
将在本节课主要指导学生如何在阅读过程中进行词义猜测。
3．材料分析
本节课采用的猜测词义训练材料均选自全国各地高考英语试题中的阅读理解部分。
难度适中，针对性强，有助于鼓励学生学以致用，增强学生的信心，从而达到提高学生的猜测词义能力的效果。
阅读理解之猜测词义题解题指导一、考查内容英语阅读理解中，经常出现一定数量的生词，并且每年中考总会有猜测词义的题目，其特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的意思进行猜测，其目的在于考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语含义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。
猜测词义题常见的设问方式有：1. The underlined word “…” refers to/means _____.2. The expression “…” is closest to _____.二、解题技巧猜测词义题主要运用阅读技巧中根据上下文所给的语境猜测生词的技巧。
在寻找相关信息时，考生可从如下几方面入手：句子结构、逻辑关系、构词法和常识。
其中把握信息之间的逻辑关系是最重要的。
这就需要考生在平时的学习过程中，掌握基本语法知识，特别是从句的作用和意义、连词表达的逻辑关系，还要多读书学习常识、了解外国文化、开阔视野。
下面具体谈谈做好这类题的方法和技巧：1. 根据上下文语境猜测词义一个单词或词组的确切含义与其所处的上下文及语境联系密切，所以我们可以借助上下文语境进行合乎逻辑的推测。
例：2013年浙江湖州卷What is the first thing you want to do when you see someone yawn (打哈欠)? You want to yawn, too! Yawning is contagious.The underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 1 means ________.A. helpful to our healthB. passing from one person to anotherC. hard to understandD. getting in one trouble after another【解析】 B。
contagious乍看起来像是一个完完全全的生词，但通过上文我们得知“别人打哈欠的时候，你的第一反应也是想打哈欠”。
The Teaching Design ofReading strategy—How to deal with contextual vocabulary 1）The analysis of the studentsMy target students are Junior 3 students who have acquired the number of the vocabulary the Curriculum requires. However, most of them lack some reading skills and strategies such as the inference ability of words. Thus, it’s important to guide them to better develop the reading skills and strategies, which are very helpful for them in senior high school entrance examination.2）The analysis and integration of the reading comprehension in ZhongkaoIn recent years, the testing of reading comprehension has been more and more concentered on testing critical thinking. When dealing with inference questions, students are required to infer the meaning of words through word formation or context such as contextual vocabulary, logical relationship and common sense.3）Teaching and learning objectivesAt the end of this lesson, students are expected toi)be familiar with some rules of inference of words’ meaningii)apply the skills and strategies acquired to solve the problems properlyiii)analyze the skills and strategies in the contextiv)try to design some similar questions from the given materials and have a self-assessment v)have their confidence in reading comprehension4）Focal pointsStudents can master the strategies of contextual vocabulary5）Difficult pointsStudents can analyze the skills and strategies they acquired and try to design some similar questions from the given materials6）Teaching methods:Situational teaching approach, group work7）Teaching aids:Blackboard, multimedia, pad and mind map。
高考英语阅读理解-词义猜测教学目标：1. 帮助学生掌握词义猜测的技巧和方法；2. 提高学生阅读理解能力，尤其是对未知词汇的推断能力；3. 通过实例分析，让学生能够灵活运用词义猜测技巧，提高阅读速度和准确率。
教学内容：1. 词义猜测的定义和重要性；2. 词义猜测的技巧和方法；3. 实例分析与练习。
教学过程：一、导入（5分钟）1. 向学生介绍词义猜测在阅读理解中的重要性；2. 引导学生思考在日常生活中如何进行词义猜测；3. 提问：同学们认为在阅读英语文章时，遇到生词应该怎么处理？二、词义猜测技巧讲解（10分钟）1. 讲解词义猜测的定义和作用；2. 介绍常用的词义猜测技巧，如上下文线索、词根词缀、常识推理等；3. 通过具体例子演示技巧的应用。
三、实例分析与练习（10分钟）1. 提供一段含有生词的英语文章；2. 引导学生运用词义猜测技巧，推断生词的含义；3. 讨论并解释学生的推断结果，对比正确答案；4. 让学生进行类似的练习，巩固所学技巧。
四、总结与拓展（5分钟）1. 总结词义猜测的重要性和技巧；2. 强调学生在阅读过程中要善于利用上下文线索和常识推理；3. 鼓励学生在日常生活中多阅读英语材料，提高词义猜测能力。
五、作业布置（5分钟）1. 让学生选择一篇英语文章进行阅读，遇到生词时尝试运用词义猜测技巧；2. 让学生总结自己在阅读过程中遇到的生词和推断方法，以及在课后进行反思和总结。
教学评价：1. 课后收集学生的作业，评估其对词义猜测技巧的应用情况；2. 在下一节课开始时，让学生分享自己的阅读心得和词义猜测经验；3. 观察学生在课堂上的参与度和讨论情况，了解其对词义猜测的理解和运用程度。
六、阅读理解与词义猜测（5分钟）教学内容：1. 阅读理解与词义猜测的关系；2. 如何在阅读理解中运用词义猜测技巧；3. 词义猜测对阅读理解的影响。
教学过程：1. 引导学生回顾上节课所学的词义猜测技巧；2. 讲解阅读理解与词义猜测之间的联系；3. 通过具体例子演示如何在阅读理解中运用词义猜测技巧；4. 讨论词义猜测对阅读理解的影响。
专题三阅读理解——词义猜测题词义猜测题是中考阅读中常考的一个类型，要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的词汇泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇（词组）均为生难词汇，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词（词组）的技巧。
分析2018-2022年近五年深圳中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份体裁题目类型考察频次细节理解推理判断词句猜测主旨大意2018年说明文记叙文记叙文说明文13 2 2 22019年说明文记叙文·夹叙夹议文说明文11 5 1 32020年说明文记叙文·夹叙夹议文说明文8 7 2 32021年记叙文记叙文说明文7 6 1 12022年说明文记叙文说明文7 6 1 1考情分析角度解读解题技巧常见设问方式：What might/does the underlined word/phrase/expression “...” mean in Chinese? The underlined word “...” in paragraph...means...According to the ...paragraph,what does the word “...” mean in Chinese?In Paragraph ... ,the underlined word “...” means ...What does the underlined word “...” (in paragraph...) mean ?The underlined word “...” means ... in Chinese.解题步骤：词义（词组）猜测题通过上下文语境猜测词义仔细阅读生词前后的语句，分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案通过定义或释义猜测词义如果生词后内容对所猜生词加以解释或定义，考生可以通过理解这些呢绒猜测生词含义通过近义词/反义词猜测词义在文章中，有时作者为了表达同一类事物的不同种类，或者为了说明相反的两件事或两类人，会使用一些近义或反义的词语来进行对比，这时我们可以利用已知单词来推测未知生词的词义。
中考英语阅读词义猜测讲解教案一、考点分析猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。
英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。
任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。
所谓上下文(context), 正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。
据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
二、考察形式猜测词义的能力属于英语的基本能力之一。
具体到考试题型上，在单项选择、完型填空、首字母填空、阅读理解等题型上都会有体现，尤其是阅读类题目，对陌生单词意思的猜测和对熟词生义的理解都是会直接影响到对文章的理解。
阅读理解题型往往会以如下形式进行考察。
1.What does the word “…” refer to?2.The underlined word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______.3.By saying that“…”, the author means tha t ___.看到这样的题目，就知道，若是不能理解所指单词意思，那就是失分喽！三、猜词方法大突破前面一开始我们猜测了几个单词的意思，现在我们在有上下文语境的情况下，你猜的对不对。
⏹On the way to the factory, Jack sang a pop song happily. Because it is the first day for himto work，When he was working, he talked with his comrade. Suddenly, the machine broke down because of his carelessness. Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss. His comrade told him, “Take it easy, you are a green hand.”⏹Do you like a lady bird? It is not a kind of bird. It is a insect（昆虫）. It can fly. Its wingsare red. It is very small.⏹Tom is a great man. Tom is treated as a big potato.⏹Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice.【讲解】一个完全陌生的单词，或者一个熟悉的单词怎么都看不出啥意思？为什么？缺乏上下文的语境,一个单词，尤其是在文章中出现的单词，其前后句子或单词在意义上和语法上都会与其相联系。
如上面几句，第一句，第二句，第三句都是相当于对单词的解释，第四句就是因果关系，根据我们的日常生活逻辑，喝水多了，自然就要上厕所。
所以这些就是帮助我们判断词义的重要线索。
下面我们来看看，英语的句子，在语法关系上，在句型结构上，有没有帮助我们的技巧。
1、定义释义法：通过定义,定语从句,词组,同位语从句来体现. 其表现形式为:用that is, in other words, or ,mean, be called, refer to,或连系动词to be等定义或重述形式来解释生词.如:1）Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.2）Jane is indecisive, that is, she can’t make up her mind.3）It will be very hard but also very brittle— that is, it will break easily.4）A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.2、对比法：句中多半有unlike, but, although, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, rather than等信息词. 另外,分号也可以表示转折,对比的意义.1）Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.2).Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it was hoarse, (沙哑的)3).Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. (肮脏的).【讲解】在含有though , but 等含有转折词的句子中, 主从句某些词构成对比关系. 即可看出soft and sweet 和hoarse 及clean 和grubby 意义相对.4).If you agree, write "yes"; if you dissent, write "no".【讲解】根据对比关系的yes 和no,不难看出agree 和dissent是反义词.5).He has been in office for only a few months. However，he has achieved more than any of his predecessors. (前任者)【讲解】用however 来提示下文要表达意想不到的结果.3、因果法：文章借助关联词because, as, since, for, so, thus, as the result, therefore等表示前因后果.有时利用动词lead to, cause, result in, result from, bring about等表达因果关系.1）The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.2）The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was pe rmanent. So the player could never play the sport again.3）The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.4.根据同等关系猜词：在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或同一范畴和词语来表达其思想。
如果有一生词在这一系列的同一范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词语的一段特征和语义范围推断出生词的词义范围。
如：1).But the captain's courage, perseverance, and powerful will mastered every man on board, andwe went to work again. (意志)这一段文字中，反映的是船长的积极进取的精神面貌，是船长的勇气、毅力和意志征服大家，才使他们又重新投入排水战斗。
2).In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, church, battle site, theatre and public halls. (建筑物)从这一连串词不难看出mansion的词义.5.根据生活经验和常识：1）In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.嫁妆2)"I don't have any family," said the boy, "I am an orphan." 孤儿3) Soon the wind had piled snow into drifts.雪堆【讲解】其实很多生词或熟词僻义都可以根据经验和常识来推测出来，尤其是英英字典，全都是用语言来解释单词，反过来也可以根据句子来猜测词义，让学生养成动脑子的好习惯。
6、根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等，如下列举一些常见的词缀。
1. adj. +ly =adv.Cheap—cheaply cruel—cruellyfirm—firmly strange—strangely2. en+adj.=v.sure—ensure able—enable1.n.+en=v.fright—frighten height—heighten strength—strengthen2.adj+ize=v.familiar—familiarize 使通俗modern—modernize 现代化real—realize special—specialize 以...为专业5.n.+y=adj.mud—muddy rain—rainy shadow—shadowy 阴暗的storm—stormy wind—windy6.adj+en=v. 使具有；使成为black—blacken bright—brightensharp—sharpen weak—weaken7. n.+some=adj.quarrel—quarrelsome trouble—troublesometire—tiresome worry—worrisome8.n.+y=adj.Air—airy anger—angry hill—hilly luck—lucky9.n.+ly=adj.Love—lovely hour—hourlyquarter—quarterly year—yearly10.n.+ous=adj. 充满...的danger—dangerous courage—courageous fame—famous11.n.+al=adj.center—central education—educational industry—industrial12.v.+al=n.arrive—arrival refuse—refusaldismiss—dismissal remove—removal练习一、单项选择练习1. He is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.teB. on timeC.Pleased2. Tom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near．A. a birdB.an animalC.the sun3.The boy wants to ride a brown pony.A.dogB.catC.Horse4. The children are looking at a large, hairy(毛的) ape at the zoo．A.a kind of monkeyB.a kind of snakeC.a kind of bird5. The fresh trout is very cheap, but I don’t kn ow how to cook it．A.fishB.fruitC.Apple6.The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on．A.a glassB.a cakeC.a small plate7. We seldom see a sparrow in the sky because the air is not so clean now as used to be．A.a kind of dogB.a kind of planeC.a kind of bird答案：ABCAA CC二、综合语境练习1、Fast food is a kind of food that is quick and convenient. You can buy fast food anywhere. Fast food is usually not very expensive. That is because it is usually made with cheaper ingredients, such as high-fat meat and sugar, but no healthy ingredients, such as fresh fruit and vegetables.Eating fast food once in a while is not going to cause a problem. If you eat too much fast food over a long time, however, it can bring some health problems. For example, you could become overweight or too large.Many fast food restaurants are revamping their menus. They want to make their fast food healthier. For example, some restaurants have stopped selling food made with unhealthy ingredients. They are starting to sell food with fruit and vegetables. If you have fast food more than once a week, try to make a healthier choice. Most fast food restaurants and other restaurants put information about their food online. Have a look at this information; then you can make healthier choices when eating out.1. What does the und erlined word “ingredient” mean in the first paragraph?A. 价格B. 调料C.因素D.成分2. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “overweight” ?A. TallB. FatC. ThinD. Short3. The underlined word “revamping” can best be replaced by “ _________”.A.changingB. choosingC. sellingD. creating答案：DBA2、Weekends are short. They are only two days out of a seven-day week. In order to make your weekend seem longer, you need to plan it better. Here are some ideas:Wake up at your usual time. The biggest mistake is to think that the weekend is great for a sleep-in. Go to bed earlier if you are tired on Friday night.Nobody wants to do the chores(家务杂事) , but they have to be done. So the earlier you do them at the weekend, the better. Set aside(留出) a time, say 7:00am to 9:00am on Saturday morning to do them. You’ll feel great when they are done and this clears the way for the rest of the weekend.After doing the chores, plan to do things. Weekends feel longer if you get out and enjoy them. Think about what you, your family and your friends like to do together. Plan a sports activity , for example, playing football in the park. You can also plan to go to a museum, a zoo, or a park. Visiting the circus will be fun, too. There, you can see interesting shows with trained animals.Weekends are a good time to relax and enjoy. Please cherish them!1. The underlined words “sleep-in” means .A.睡在屋里B. 睡得早C. 睡懒觉D. 睡得少2. The underlined word “circus” means “ _______” in Chinese.A. 马戏团B.电影院C.农场D. 市场3. What does the underlined word “cherish” mean in Chinese?A. 珍惜B. 保存C.浪费D.失去答案：CAA3、People have been making tasty pizza for a very long time. In old times, people cooked large pieces of bread on flat stones(平滑的石头). Later, in Italy, people cooked these flat pieces of bread with herbs(香草) and called it focaccia bread. When people from Europe came to the New World, they got to know tomatoes. Then they took tomatoes back to their home countries. People didn’t want to eat tomatoes at first, because they thought this delicious red fruit was poisonous!The Italians were the first to put tomatoes on their bread. In the late 1800s, an Italian baker named Raffaele Esposito made a dish for the king（国王）of Italy. He wanted to have the colors of the Italian flag in his dish, so he put red tomatoes, white cheese and green basil on some focaccia bread. The king liked it very much. The dish was called pizza. It is said that the world’s first pizzeria opened in 1830.However, pizza did not become popular until World War II. Today, pizza is one of the tastiest and most popular kinds of food in the world!1.If we say something is “poisonous”, we will mean it ____________.A.can kill people or animalsB. can burn people or animalsC. is very beautiful and tastyD. is beautiful but not tasty2. From the second paragraph, we know that “basil” is something___________.A. to paint withB. to write withC. to eatD. to drink3. A “pizzeria” is probably a “___________”.A. factoryB. hospitalC. restaurantD. supermarket答案：ACC强化练习ASometimes people come into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neighbor, teacher, long-lost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment they will affect (影响) your life in some serious way.Sometimes things happen to you. At the time they may seem terrible, painful (痛苦的) and unfair. But later you realize that without getting over those difficulties you would have never realized your further ability and strength. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.The people you meet affect your life, and the successes and failure (失败) you experience, create who you are. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones.Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked to before, and really listen. You should set your sights high, hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself.You can make your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it.68. The underlined word "poignant" in the passage means " ".A. 平淡的B. 明显的C. 深刻的D. 艰苦的解析：【文章大意】有些人可能会走进你的生活，也可能会改变你的生活，这个人也许是你的同学、你的朋友，也许是为陌生人。
