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英语A级考试常用短语1.in reality (=in fact，really) 事实上2.beyond all reason 没有道理的3.by reason of (=because of) 由于，因为4.be out of touch with 与……没有联系或接触5.be true of 适合于……的;be true to 忠于……6.in sum 大体上，总之7.supply sb. with sth 向某人提供某物8.superior to 优于……，比……好9.in support of 以便支持10.it stands to reason that... 理所当然11.reason with (=argue) 劝说12.be strict with 对……严格要求13.be/go on strike 罢工14.subject...to (=cause...to experience) 使受……到15.subject (adj.) to 易受到……的16.submit....to 提交17.substitute...for 以……代替……18.suffer from 患……病;受……苦痛19.be suitable for (=fit) 合适……的20.in return (for) 作为报答;以报答(for)21.get rid of 摆脱，去掉，除去22.be in the right 正确的;in the wrong 错误的.23.be with in one's rights (to do) 有权(做)24.at time (=occasionally) 间或，时常25.at all times (=always) 始终，总是26.at a time 一次，每次;同时27.no top of 在……上面28.in total (=all have been added up) 总计29.be in touch with 与……有接触，有联系30.be sure of (=have no doubt; certain) 确信的31.for sure/certain (certainly, definitely) 肯定地，有把握地说32.make sure about 弄清，弄确实33.be surprised at 对……惊奇;take...by surprise 使……惊奇;to one's surprise 使某人惊奇34.suspect sb. of 疑心某犯有……35.be suspicious of (=not trusting) 对……有疑心36.by sympathetic to/towards 对……同情，赞同37.sympathize with sb. or sth. 对……表示同情38.be in sympathy with 赞同，同情39.for the sake of (=for the good or advantage of ) 为了……起见40.be for sale 待售41.on sale (=offered to be sold) 出售，上市42.be satisfied with 满意43.to...as 把……称做……44.refer...to... (=send，take) 送交，呈交45.with/in reference to (=concerning, about) 关于46.with/in regard to (=concerning) 有关，关于47.give one's regards to sb. 向……问候48.be qualified for在某种职业上合格49.call……in question 对……表不怀疑50.beyond (all) question (=without question) 毫无疑问。
A级常考句型归纳结构：1 倒装句如Not until yesterday did I know the truth.No sooner had I entered (过去完成时，必须的) the room than the telephone rang（一般过去时，填过去式，必须的）.So excited was his mother that she couldn’t speak/say a word.2 强调句如It is in Beijing that the agreement was signed.3 虚拟语气4 分词它们属于非谓语动词，在一个句子当中如果有谓语动词的情况下，排除并列句和主从句的可能性可以考虑分词。
区分好逻辑上的动宾（或者被动）关系和逻辑上的主谓（或者主动）关系。
如：分词作定语：The boy playing the violin over there is my brother.The women surveyed are all single.分词作状语:W alking along the street, I met Lee.Seen from the hilltop, the town looks beautiful.特殊的分词结构：独立主格With the travelling expenses rising a lot, we have to be careful in planning a trip.W eather permitting, we will go on picnic.The class being over, we can go home.It being Sunday, we can take a rest at home.5 The 比较级…, the 比较级…越。
越。
The more money I have, the happier I feel.The more time I have, the better I can do the job.6 两者当中较为。
A级常考的语法——虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语动词的特殊形式，与陈述语气恰恰相反，虚拟语气所表达的动作或状态不是事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、想象、要求、推测、假设或建议等。
语气的虚拟和陈述与否完全取决于说话人本身。
虚拟语气可以用于非真实条件句中，也用于名词性从句和同位语从句等句式中。
1.1 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1）非真实条件句英语的条件句分为真实条件和非真实条件两种。
真实条件属于陈述句式，而非真实条件属于虚拟句式。
真实与虚拟与否完全取决于说话人的意图。
E.g. If it is fine tomorrow, we'll go out.If it were fine tomorrow, we would go out.一般来说，非真实条件可分为三种情况：于过去、现在和将来事实相反的三种情况。
其位于动词的表现形式如下：从句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+ 主语+ 动词过去式（be动词用were) 主语+would/should/could/might +动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If+ 主语+ had+过去分词主语+would/should/could/might+have +过去分词与将来事实相反的假设（将来不太可能出现的情况）1.If+ 主语+ 动词过去式2.If+ 主语+ were to +动词原形3.If+ 主语+ should+动词原形主语+would/should/could/might +动词原形E.g. If I were you, I would take the job. （与现在事实相反）If you left your car outside at night, you would have it stolen. (将来不太可能出现的情况）If he had been ill, he would not have finished the work. （与过去事实相反）If he should/were to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem. （将来不太可能出现的情况）2）非真实条件句的特殊情况a.If 的省略当虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had, were, should时，可将它们提到句首而省略连词if，这时从句发生部分倒装。
A级考试常考词组及固定搭配（1）一、across1、表方位。
Let’s go to the restaurant get something to eat．让我们的。
2、表动作，穿越。
You must go then turn right．你必须先过桥，然后再往右拐。
二、age1、年龄。
最一般的表达。
在此不赘述。
2、衰老。
the aging people ＝the old people现代社会出现越来越严重的aging problem（人口老龄化问题）等。
三、all1、shake all over 浑身颤抖2、all of a sudden 突然地All of a sudden，．我突然想起了她的名字。
转自学易网www．studyez．com3、by all means 一定I’ll come by all means．我一定会来的。
4、all night long 整晚My present neighbor plays piano all night long．钢琴。
四、awfully非常地，相当地。
在例十分高。
awfully nervous 相当紧张；awfully cold 相当冷；awfully sorry 十分抱歉Tom looks awfully nervous．汤姆看上去相当紧张。
I am awfully sorry．I didn’t mean to hurt you．十分抱歉。
我不想伤害你的。
五、be bound to肯定，注定The movie starts in 5 bound to be a long line．电影还有5分钟就开始了?现在那里肯定排着长队。
六、be tired of厌烦。
当一个人感到厌烦的时候，也是最容易lose one’s temper（生气）的时候。
I’m tired of movies ．我已浪漫故事。
七、be worn out1、筋疲力尽，这个表达不太正式，多用于口语。
不定式的时态和语态：动名词的时态和语态：to do （还没有做的）doing （正在进行中或一直伴随的，表主动）done （已经做过了，表被动）having done \ having been done （已经做完，前后之间有前因后果的关系）一般现在时：表示经常和习惯的动作，常同often, sometimes, usually, always, twice a month, every week, on Sundays, as a rule, rarely等状语连用。
在由when, if, after, as soon as, the minute, the moment, the instant, the next time, whether, although, as, unless, even if, so long as, till, wherever 等引导的从句中，用一般时表将来时表示将来：只限于少数动词arrive, begin, close, open, come, go, end, leave, return, sail, start, stopOur ship sails for London the day after tomorrow一般过去时：该时态常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, then, just now, at that moment, last year…表示过去经常或反复发生的行为，可与every day, always, often, sometimes, usually 等连用一般将来时:will / shall+动词原形Shall只能用于第一人称多种形式：will dobe going to + 动词原形be to + 动词原形(义务、必要性)be about to + 动词原形过去将来时：would (should) + 动词原形was / were going to + 动词原形现在完成时：到现在已经完全完成的行为或一直持续到现在的行为或状态它强调现在已有一定的影响或结果形式：have / has + done常连用的词有：already, yet, lately, often, rarely, ever, just, recently, so far, up to now, up till now, since, up to the present, for the past 10 years, these few days, all my life…过去完成时：在过去某一时间以前或某动作之前已完成的动作一个动作或状态在过去某时刻开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，且仍有继续的下去的可能性形式：had + done常与表示一段时间的状语连用(过去的过去)将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻之前或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作形式：will (shall) have + done常与by the time + 句子或by the end of + 现在或未来的时间状语过去进行时：过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的情况的动作将来某一时间正在进行的动作常表示安排好的事可表示预料不久或势必要发生的动作或情况形式：will (shall) be + doing现在完成进行时：动作从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能继续下去形式：have (has) been + doing过去完成进行时：动作一直持续到过去某时刻并且还在进行形式：had been doing虚拟语气：需要“should + 动词原形”的虚拟语气表达建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句常见的这类词有：advise, argue, ask, command, decide, demand, request, require, suggest, urge, insist 等insist表示坚持某种看法，suggest表示暗示的时候，从句用陈述语气。
A级语法考点归纳一．Subjunctive mood(虚拟语气)1．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法从句时态主句时态与现在事实相反be----were would (could, should, might)+dodo----did与过去事实相反had done would (could, should, might)+have done与将来事实相反 1.be—weredo---did2.should+do would (could, should, might)+do3.were to+doIf I were you, I would further my study abroad.If you had time, you should go to see the film Gone with the wind.If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such mistakes.If you became/ should become / were to become a millionaire, what would you do first?2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1)虚拟语气在表示建议、愿望、要求、命令这类词后宾语从句中的谓语动词用should + do , should 可以省去。
表建议：suggest, advice, recommend, propose表要求：ask, require, request, demand, petition表命令：order, command,表愿望：desireEg. He suggested that a library should be set up quickly.She demands that I should pay her immediately.He ordered the man should be released.The Queen desires that you should come at once.A级真题：The policeman demanded that she ______ her identity card.A. showB. showedC. would showD. had shown2) 虚拟语气在wish, would rather, would sooner后宾语从句中的用法。
词缀1．前缀含义例词ab- away from脱离abnormal反常的anti- opposite, against反，抗 anti-clockwise逆时针方向地，auto- self自动 autobiography自传，automobile汽车bi- two二，双bilingual双语，bicycle自行车bio- life生物的，生命的biology生物学co- together及……一起cooperation合作，co-education男女同校（教育）counter- against, opposite反，对应 counterattack反击，反攻；countermeasure对策de- away, down, negative向下，否定decrease减少，degrade使降级di- two二，双dialogue对话，dioxide二氧化物dis- away, negative否定，分开 disagree不一致，disappear消失en- in, make使……enrich使……富裕，enlarge扩大，enable使……能ex- former (and still living)前任 ex-president前总统，ex-girlfriend前女友out, away外 export出口，external外部的extra- outside, beyond在……外 extracurricular课外的，extraordinary非常的fore- before预先的，前foresee预见，forecast预测homo- same同样的 homosexual同性恋的hydro- water水hydroelectric水电的hyper- over, above在……上，超过hypermarket大型自选市场，hypersensitive过敏的il- not否定illegal非法的，illiterate文盲的im- not否定 impossible不可能的，impolite不客气的ir- not否定 irregular不规则的，irresponsible不负责任的inter- between, among在……间 international国际的，interpersonal人际关系的mal- bad, badly恶，不良 malnutrition营养不良，maltreat虐待micro- small微小的 microwave微波，microscope显微镜mini- small, little小 miniskirt超短裙，minibus面包型公共汽车mis- bad, badly错，坏misunderstand误解，misfortune不幸mono- one单一 monologue独白，monopoly独占，垄断out- out超过，外 outnumber数量上胜过，outweigh超过over- above, too much在上，过度overtime加班，overwork工作过度pre- before之前 predict预示，preview预习，prewar战前的re- again, back再，回 reform改革，革新；refresh提神，使精力恢复sub- under亚，次于subway地铁，submarine潜水艇，subconscious下意识的super- over, above超过superhuman 超人的，supermarket超级市场sur- above, over超过surpass超越，surcharge额外负荷tele- far away远距离的 telephone电话，television电视，telecommunication电信thermo- heat热thermometer温度计trans- across穿越 transport运输，transplant移植，transmission传播tri- three三triangle三角形，tricycle三轮车un- not否定unknown未知，unbelievable难以相信的the reversal of an action相反的动作 undress脱衣，uncover揭开，unearth发掘under- beneath低于，下underwear内衣，underpants内裤，underestimate低估uni- one单一uniform一致的，unilateral单方的vice- in place of代理的，副的 vice-president（大学）副校长，vice-chairman副主席2．后缀-able/-ible capable of, suitable for能够 respectable值得尊敬的，possible可能的-ee one who (passive)人（动作的承受者）employee雇员，examinee考生，trainee学员-en make使……成为strengthen加强，lengthen使变长，broaden加宽-er one who, that which人 employer雇主，examiner主考人，trainer教练员-fold times倍数twofold两倍的，tenfold十倍的-free without没有ice-free不冻的，duty-free免关税的-ful having the quality of具有……性质 respectful恭敬的，successful成功的-hood state, quality表示身份，状况 manhood男子汉气概，childhood童年-ish having the quality of(negative) childish孩子气的，girlish女孩似的具有……性质（贬义）-ism state, quality, act; doctrine,system capitalism资本主义，communism 共产主义表示行为，社会信仰，学说-less without没有careless粗心的，useless无用的-like having the quality of有……性质的 childlike孩子般的，天真的；warlike好战的-proof against防……，耐…… waterproof防水的，fire-proof防火的-some having the quality of有……倾向的 tiresome使人疲劳的，troublesome令人讨厌的-ware product, goods产品，商品 software软件，glassware玻璃器皿A级冲刺-重点短语动词发表于：2010-06-17 20:22 | 分类：英语资料阅读：(0) 评论：(0) 重点短语动词所谓短语动词，就是动词加小品词构成的起动词作用的短语。
词缀1．前缀含义例词ab- away from脱离abnormal反常的anti- opposite, against反，抗 anti-clockwise逆时针方向地，auto- self自动 autobiography自传，automobile汽车bi- two二，双bilingual双语，bicycle自行车bio- life生物的，生命的biology生物学co- together与……一起cooperation合作，co-education男女同校（教育）counter- against, opposite反，对应 counterattack反击，反攻；countermeasure对策de- away, down, negative向下，否定decrease减少，degrade使降级di- two二，双dialogue对话，dioxide二氧化物dis- away, negative否定，分开 disagree不一致，disappear消失en- in, make使……enrich使……富裕，enlarge扩大，enable使……能ex- former (and still living)前任 ex-president前总统，ex-girlfriend前女友out, away外 export出口，external外部的extra- outside, beyond在……外 extracurricular课外的，extraordinary非常的fore- before预先的，前foresee预见，forecast预测homo- same同样的 homosexual同性恋的hydro- water水hydroelectric水电的hyper- over, above在……上，超过hypermarket大型自选市场，hypersensitive过敏的il- not否定illegal非法的，illiterate文盲的im- not否定 impossible不可能的，impolite不客气的ir- not否定 irregular不规则的，irresponsible不负责任的inter- between, among在……间 international国际的，interpersonal人际关系的mal- bad, badly恶，不良 malnutrition营养不良，maltreat虐待micro- small微小的 microwave微波，microscope显微镜mini- small, little小 miniskirt超短裙，minibus面包型公共汽车mis- bad, badly错，坏misunderstand误解，misfortune不幸mono- one单一 monologue独白，monopoly独占，垄断out- out超过，外 outnumber数量上胜过，outweigh超过over- above, too much在上，过度overtime加班，overwork工作过度pre- before之前 predict预示，preview预习，prewar战前的re- again, back再，回 reform改革，革新；refresh提神，使精力恢复sub- under亚，次于subway地铁，submarine潜水艇，subconscious下意识的super- over, above超过superhuman 超人的，supermarket超级市场sur- above, over超过surpass超越，surcharge额外负荷tele- far away远距离的 telephone电话，television电视，telecommunication电信thermo- heat热thermometer温度计trans- across穿越 transport运输，transplant移植，transmission传播tri- three三triangle三角形，tricycle三轮车un- not否定unknown未知，unbelievable难以相信的the reversal of an action相反的动作 undress脱衣，uncover揭开，unearth发掘under- beneath低于，下underwear内衣，underpants内裤，underestimate低估uni- one单一uniform一致的，unilateral单方的vice- in place of代理的，副的 vice-president（大学）副校长，vice-chairman副主席2．后缀-able/-ible capable of, suitable for能够respectable值得尊敬的，possible可能的-ee one who (passive)人（动作的承受者）employee雇员，examinee考生，trainee 学员-en make使……成为 strengthen加强，lengthen使变长，broaden加宽-er one who, that which人employer雇主，examiner主考人，trainer教练员-fold times倍数 twofold两倍的，tenfold十倍的-free without没有 ice-free不冻的，duty-free免关税的-ful having the quality of具有……性质respectful恭敬的，successful成功的-hood state, quality表示身份，状况manhood男子汉气概，childhood童年-ish having the quality of (negative) childish孩子气的，girlish女孩似的具有……性质（贬义）-ism state, quality, act; doctrine, system capitalism资本主义，communism 共产主义表示行为，社会信仰，学说-less without没有careless粗心的，useless无用的-like having the quality of有……性质的childlike孩子般的，天真的；warlike 好战的-proof against防……，耐……waterproof防水的，fire-proof防火的-some having the quality of有……倾向的tiresome使人疲劳的，troublesome令人讨厌的-ware product, goods产品，商品software软件，glassware玻璃器皿A级冲刺-重点短语动词发表于：2010-06-17 20:22 | 分类：英语资料阅读：(0) 评论：(0)重点短语动词所谓短语动词，就是动词加小品词构成的起动词作用的短语。
大学英语A级考试——写作专题短语词组：1. be worth doing 值得做…2. look forward to doing sth 期盼做…3. be surprised at 惊讶于…4. to one’s surprise 让某人惊奇的是…5. be happy with sth 对…感到满意6. insist on doing sth 坚持做…7. Beyond one’s ability 超出某人的能力范围8. Spend (时间）in doing sth 花费时间做…9. Keep one’s eyes fixed on sth 一直盯着…看10. succeed in doing sth 成功做成…11. cannot/couldn’t do anything but do…“不能做…只能做…”12. would rather do sth. than do sth.“情愿做…而不愿做另外一件事情”英语三级书信作文常用句型1. I am writing to you in the hope that you could do me a favor to improve the horrible situation.2. I would like some detailed information on/about….3. I would be grateful if you could let me have details of ….4. I am writing to request some necessary information about….5. I am greatly concerned about….6. My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. I wish I could repay it one day.7. Thank you very much for the kindness you showed me during….8. It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to extend an invitation to/invite you to….9. I will be expecting you, so do not disappoint me.10. I wish to apply for the position of… with your company.11. I graduated with a BA degree in…from…in….12. I am very excited and delighted over the good news that you are recruiting a….三级作文常考类型介绍信说明：你是大学教授王平，你的学生张刚即将毕业，毕业后拟到你的朋友Smith先生学校继续深造，攻读硕士学位。
大学英语A级语法大全公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-大学英语三级语法大全名词性从句概述名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.名词性wh-从句名词性wh-从句1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。
Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。
Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
名词性that-从句名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。
名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that…很明显……b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…从所周知……It has been decided that…已决定……c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……fact that…事实是……d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that…我突然想起……否定转移1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
(which / that在句中作宾语)关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why 和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
