潮州开元寺
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潮州开元寺天王殿大木构架建构特点分析0 前言潮州开元寺天王殿的平面格局保存了先秦的门塾制度,其大木构架同样精彩,极有可能仍旧保持有隋唐始建时的样式。
将它与山西五台山佛光寺大殿等几个现存的北方唐代木构架比较,其做法显然不同,反映了大量南方系统古建造的结构特征,有机地融合了井干、穿斗、抬梁等多种结构做法。
在现存的古建造中,其共性鲜亮,样式形制甚为特别,在中国乃至东亚建造体系中,都是一个十分重要的实例但它并不是孤例,而是现存采用该类组成方式的构架中,表现的最为充分和突出的一个,具有典型代表意义。
因为潮州开元寺天王殿的大木构架,在中国传统建造大木结构类型研究中所具有的独特性、典型性与重要性,受到学界研究的极大关注。
就藏匿发表的成绩及论著而言,国内已有吴国智、程建军、路秉杰、张十庆、孙大章等多位前辈学者做过特地研究或论及,而对其深感爱好的研究者或已有研究心得而未曾发表的专家学者更是大有人在。
笔者近年来较为关注粤东闽南地区的建造形制问题,对于此殿构架的问题也始终在关注思索。
1 构架特点因为进展滞后和尊古守旧的文化特点,与同时代政治经济文化更为发达的北方地区的建造相比,南方偏远地区的建造样式所反映出的历史信息往往更为古远。
在统观中国建造历史的视野下,南方建造的样式年月往往要早于它的建造年月,甚至会早于它的始建年月。
天王殿所使用的一些独特的做法,渊源深远,可为了解中国古代早期的木构建造供应线索。
潮州开元寺天王殿屋架外观为面阔十一开间的单檐歇山(厦两头)屋面。
因为收山为整一开间,并在梢间使用通高的承重夯土墙,厦头结构做法容易直接,梁架搭在夯土墙内,不必特殊做踩步金梁架,而且也没有像后世的普遍做法一样设置特地的转角梁架,仅靠纵横两个方向的梁枋交结,然后在相应的位置上,灵巧设立桐柱便实现了对角梁的支顶(图1)。
除两侧的厦头梁架及梢间夯土墙外,殿身中段按左右中轴对称的原则设4对、共8榀梁架。
若按宋代《营造法式》中表现的殿堂与厅堂结构特点论,就整体结构方式而言,表现出倾向厅堂式构架的特征,内柱上升、柱位灵巧、各榀梁架之间相对自立;但从各榀梁架内部考察,又不彻低是厅堂式构架的组合,还有诸如部分内柱同高、柱头止于大梁之下而不是随举高直抵檩底、构件按材栔逻辑层叠等类似殿堂式构架的做法。
精选5篇潮州开元寺优秀导游词开元寺位于广东省潮州市开元路。
前身为荔峰寺,唐代开元二十六年(738年)敕建开元寺,元代称“开元万寿禅寺”,明代成“开元镇国禅寺”,清代以后“开元镇国禅寺”与“开元寺”并称,加额“万寿宫”,俗称开元寺一直沿用至今.以下是为大家整理的精选5篇潮州开元寺优秀导游词,供大家参考学习。
潮州开元寺优秀导游词1开元寺位于潮州市区开元路中段。
开元寺的前身是创建于隋唐之际的荔峰寺。
唐朝开元二十六年(738年),唐玄宗为庆祝自己的生日,下令全国81州郡各选一大寺,以其年号为名,当时潮州就把“荔峰寺”改名为“开元寺”。
现在开元寺的占地面积约为1.7万平方米,是一座宫殿式四合院建筑。
整座寺院至今保留着唐朝的建筑格局,寺内的各主要建筑体现了宋、明、清各时代的建筑风格。
开元寺是广东四大名寺之一,是粤东地区规模最大的古刹,20___年7月被国务院确定为全国重点文物保护单位。
开元寺的主要建筑由南向北依次为金刚殿、天王殿、大雄宝殿、藏经楼。
在中轴线的东西两侧分别是地藏阁和观音阁。
金刚殿建于明朝,殿内供奉着两大金刚,他们是寺院的守护神,其中一位叫做密迹金刚。
密迹金刚就是这五百金刚卫队的卫队长,在密迹金刚对面的是那罗延天,传说他是印度的大力神。
潮州开元寺的两大金刚都是闭口端坐,手拿金刚圈。
天王殿是我国仅存的宋代单檐歇山顶建筑,在建筑上具有极高的价值。
据文献记载,日本奈良东大寺的大佛殿的建筑式样是南宋明州建筑师陈和卿带到日本的。
日本建筑史学界对这座建筑给予极高的评价,说它引起了日本建筑的第二次革命,为日本建筑界带来新的技术和结构风格。
大佛殿完工之后不久,陈和卿就去世了。
他临终时留下遗言,说大佛殿是参照中国某佛殿的式样而建,但他没有说出具体是参照哪一寺院的建筑而建。
为了寻找大佛殿的“根”,中、日两国建筑界的学者用了大量时间走遍了中国各地的各所寺院,但都一无所获。
直到1992年,同济大学教授陆秉杰来到潮州,经过他的实地验证,最终把“大佛殿”的根确定在潮州开元寺的天王殿。
潮州开元寺(原创)各位游客,欢迎来到潮州开元寺,它是是被评为广东四大名寺之一、粤东地区规模最大的古刹。
我先说一说开元寺的由来吧。
在唐朝开元二十六年,唐玄宗为庆祝自己的生日,下令全国81州郡各选一大寺,以其年号为名,当时潮州就把“荔峰寺”改名为“开元寺”。
所以叫开元寺的寺院还真不少呢,但是其地位都没有我们这里的重要,为什么敢这么说呢?大家随我一起去看看就知道了。
现在开元寺的占地面积约为1.7万平方米,是一座宫殿式四合院建筑。
整座寺院至今仍保留着唐朝的建筑格局,而各主要建筑则体现了宋、明、清各时代的建筑风格。
开元寺的主要建筑分布在寺院的中轴线上,由南向北依次为金刚殿、天王殿、大雄宝殿、藏经楼。
而在中轴线的东西两侧分别是地藏阁和观音阁。
我们现在看到的是金刚殿。
金刚殿建于明朝,殿内供奉着两大金刚,他们是寺院的守护神,在民间有个很亲切的名字:哼哈二将。
相传他们是古印度的大力神。
潮州开元寺两大金刚与其它寺院的金刚在造型上有所不同,其他寺院是一个张口一个闭口的,开元寺的金刚都是闭口端坐,手拿金钢圈。
好了,各位游客,在我们面前的是天王殿,这可是镇寺之宝哟。
既然是镇寺之宝,肯定有其特别之处,到底是什么呢?不急,听我慢慢说来。
首先说一说它的江湖地位吧。
它是我国仅存的宋代单檐歇顶建筑,更厉害的是它曾引起了日本建筑的第二次革命。
大家知道日本古建筑的代表作是什么吗?对了,是奈良东大寺,它可是参照我们这里的天王殿建成的。
据说为了寻找大佛殿的“根”,中、日两国建筑界的学者用了大量时间走遍了中国各地的各所寺院,但都一无所获。
直到1992年,同济大学教授路秉(bǐng)杰来到潮州,经过他的实地验证,最终把“大佛殿”的根确定在潮州开元寺的天王殿。
这发现轰动了中日两国的建筑界和考古界!再来看一看天王殿在建筑上的特点吧。
大家都知道我国传统建筑是用柱子来承重的,现在请大家留意看一下这里的柱子与山墙。
这座建筑有32根柱子,这些柱子都是木石结合,下端为石柱,上端为木柱,整个屋顶的重量由两侧山墙承载,在柱子上端为层层叠叠的斗拱连接屋顶,从下往上望,这些复杂的斗拱好像一朵朵盛开的莲花,在民间把这种斗拱叫做“莲花托”。
潮州市开元寺导游词潮州市开元寺是一座历史上极为著名的古刹,也是潮州市最具代表性的建筑之一。
它位于潮州市古城区南门外,始建于唐朝,距今已经有1300多年的历史。
开元寺之所以著名,主要是因为它的建筑风格独特、历史文化底蕴丰富、艺术价值极高,是中国佛教艺术的珍宝之一。
下面我们将详细介绍一下潮州市开元寺的导游词。
【开头】各位游客朋友,大家好!我是潮州市博物馆的导游,今天我带大家来到开元寺,为大家讲解一下开元寺的历史、文化和建筑风格。
开元寺又称佛光寺,是潮州市最早的一座佛寺,久负盛名。
相信大家一定听过开元寺这个名字,下面就请大家跟我一起来了解一下吧。
【历史介绍】开元寺,是唐玄宗开元年间建立的,距今已有1300多年历史。
唐朝是中国历史上一个相当灿烂的时代,是佛教迎来了全盛时期。
唐玄宗时期,佛教兴起,寺庙遍布全国。
开元寺是唐朝时期在潮州兴建的一座大型佛寺,包含塔院、大雄宝殿、罗汉殿、天王殿、钟楼、鼓楼等部分,做工精良,规模庞大。
开元寺建成以来,历经风雨沧桑。
最初的开元寺已不复存在,现存的建筑大多是唐朝、南宋、明清、民国时期的遗存,经过历代修建和扩建,已经逐渐形成了一个大规模的佛教寺庙群落。
【文化介绍】开元寺的文化底蕴极为丰富,这里汇聚了佛教、中国古建筑、中国传统艺术等多个方面的文化元素。
首先,开元寺是佛教文化的瑰宝之一,它在佛教史上的地位非常重要,对于普及佛法、传播佛教文化都起到了积极的促进作用。
其次,开元寺的建筑风格非常独特,精美绝伦,蔚为壮观。
寺内各种建筑都采用了中国传统极具特色的建筑风格,如屋顶上起翘的“檐角”、石雕栏杆、观音像等,富有中国传统工艺美术的韵味和时代气息。
最后,开元寺还收藏了许多有关佛教文化艺术的文物和藏品,包括汉唐时期的佛像、石刻、壁画等,都是雕刻工艺、材料质量、艺术价值等方面的代表作。
【建筑介绍】寺内的建筑群落大致分为塔院、大雄宝殿、罗汉殿、天王殿、钟楼、鼓楼、东西配殿、南北厢房等部分。
Kaiyuan T emple[Introduction] –[Jingang Hall] –[Hall of Heavenly King] –[The Courtyard] –[Sakyamuni Hall] –[Scripture House] –[Pavilion of the God of Earth] –[Kwan-yin Pavilion][Introduction]Kaiyuan Temple is located on Kaiyuan Road, Chaozhou City. It is recorded that Kaiyuan Temple was formerly called Lifeng Temple, constructed during Sui and Tang dynasties. In the 26th year of Kaiyuan, Tang Dynasty (738 A.D.), to celebrate his birthday, emperor Xuanzong ordered that each of the 81 states and co unties in the country should choose a big temple to be named after his reign title, Kaiyuan, so Lifeng Temple in Chaozhou was renamed Kaiyuan Temple.Kaiyuan Temple is a quadrangle in palace style, currently covering an area of 17,000 square meters. As one of the four most famous temples in Guangdong Province and the largest of its kind in east Guangdong region, Kaiyuan Temple was listed as the key cultural relic protection units by the State Council in July, 2001.The main construction of Kaiyuan Temple is laid out along the axis line. There are from south to north the Jingang (Naroyan) Hall, Hall of Heavenly King, Daxiong Bao Dian (Mahavira Hall) and Scripture House. To the east and west of the axis line lie the Pavilion of Guardian Deity of Children (Ksitigarbha) and Kwan-yin Pavilion respectively.[Jingang Hall]Jingang Hall was built in Ming Dynasty. There are two Jingangs in the hall and they are guardian spirits. They are called as “Heng”and “Ha”generals by the folk. One of them is Miji (traceless) Jingang. According to legend, Sakyamuni used to have an armed escort of 500 Jingangs when he went out to preach, and Miji Jingang served as the captain of the guard. Opposite of Miji Jingang is Naroyan, he is said to be themost powerful spirit in ancient India. The Jingang statues in Kaiyuan Temple are all sitting up with mouths shut and Jingang rings in hands.[Hall of Heavenly King]Built in Song Dynasty, the Hall of Heavenly King is the only existing Xieshan-styled-roof structure left over from the Song Dynasty and so is highly valued in architecture. This hall has three characteristics: Firstly, there are 32 pillars, all wood-stone combined, with wood of the upper part and stone of the lower end. The pillars in the front are somewhat different from those in the back. Secondly, there is no pillar at all in both the east and west gables, only brick walls to support the housetop. This is different from the traditional way of using pillars to bear the weight. Thirdly, there is a cascade of arches on the upper pillars to join the roof. Looked from below, the arches seem blooming lotus flowers, hence they’ve got the name of “Lotus Torus” among the folk.Inside the Hall of Heavenly King, there is a tablet plaque in the upper middle with characters: “Kaiyuan Country Pacifying Buddhist Temple”. And the two characters “Country Pacifying” cannot be freely used if without the permission by the court.Maitreya Buddha is in the middle of the Hall. He is said by Buddhist sutra to be the aftertime Buddha, the successor of nowtime Buddha Sakyamuni. The statue here is his incarnation characterized by his big belly, i.e. the “Big Belly Maitreya”.On the east and west sides are the four Heavenly Kings. The sculptures here differs from those in other temples: they all sit square, without one leg lift up as they generally do in other temples, because this is a “Country Pacifying Buddhist Temple”.Behind Maitreya Buddha is Weituo Bodhisattva facing Daxiong Bao Dian (Sakyamuni Hall). It is said that each of the four Heavenly Kings has eight generals; Weituo is the most important one for his protection of Buddhism among the thirty-two and receives the decrees from the Buddha directly.[The Courtyard]To the north of the Hall of Heavenly King is a courtyard, that is, the open area in front of Daxiong Bao Dian (Sakyamuni Hall). On the south of the courtyard are two bo-dhi trees. Bo-dhi tree is also called tree of wisdom, since bo-dhi means wisdom in Sanskrit. Legend has it that it was just under the bo-dhi tree that Sakyamuni attained his great awakening after practicing meditation for 7 days and nights, and became Buddha.On the west and east sides are 4 quadrate stone pagodas in Asoka style. On the north side of the courtyard are 2 stone sutra pillars. They have been proved to be the original in Tang Dynasty when the temple was founded and also the oldest stone sculptures in Chaozhou.[Sakyamuni Hall]To the north of the courtyard lies the kernel structure –Daxiong Bao Dian (Sakyamuni Hall). It was rebuilt in Guangxu reign period, Q ing Dynasty.In the middle of the Sakyamuni Hall is the statue of Sakyamuni, founder of Buddhism. We Chinese also call him Rulai Buddha.On the east side of Sakyamuni is Apothecary Buddha. It is said that people can eliminate their personal misfortune and illness if they piously recite his Buddhist name over and over again. On the west side is Amitabha, the hierarch of the Pure Land in the west. Most Buddhists in China hope to have their afterlife in the Pure Land.On the west and east sides of the Sakyamuni Hall are the 18 arhats. According to sutra, they will never have their afterlife and remain in the earthly world to preach for the Buddha.[Scripture House]To the north of Sakyamuni Hall is the Scripture House, keeping a lot of costful cultural relics of the temple collected for more than 1000 years. Among them the most precious is Dazangjing (Tripitaka) specially given to Kaiyuan Temple by Qianlong Emperor. It is an edition of the 13th year of Y ongzheng reign period, Qing Dynasty(1753A.D.). There are total 7246 volumes for each of the 10 sets of Dazangjing (Tripitaka) printed in four languages: Chinese, Manchu, Tibetan and Mongolian and granted to 10 big temples nationwide. The importance of Kaiyuan Temple in China’s Buddhist temples is obvious for the fact that it is one of the temples to have the storage of Dazangjing (Tripitaka).[Pavilion of the God of Earth]Here enshrined in this hall are the God of Earth and the ten Y amas who are said to be the rulers of the Hell. The one sitting in the middle is the God of Earth. Legend has it that, in order to rescue his mother from the Hell, he had made a vow that he would not become a Buddha until all people are saved from the Hell. On both sides are the 10 Yamas.[Kwan-yin Pavilion]Here is the statue of Kwan-yin, the Goddess of Mercy. In this miserable earthly world, Kwan-yin is widely respected and has a large number of believers. From the statue here we can see Kwan-yin is a woman, kind and sedate, just like the image in other places of China.On both sides of the pavilion are 18 different statues of Kwan-yin. That in a Kwan-yin Pavilion her 18 different statues are on shrine is, perhaps, nowhere but Kaiyuan. This is another why Kaiyuan Temple is different from others.开元寺【概述】——【金刚殿】——【天王殿】——【中庭】——【大雄宝殿】——【藏经楼】——【地藏阁】——【观音阁】【概述】开元寺位于潮州市区开元路。
中国四大开元寺之一的潮州开元寺(收藏)中国四大开元寺之潮州开元寺(收藏)中国现存四大开元寺之一的潮州开元寺,是潮州古城的地标建筑之一,因其宏伟壮观,圣像庄严,文物众多,香火鼎盛,而驰名于海内外,被誉为“百万人家福地三千世界丛林”,是粤东第一古刹,也是全国仅存的四大开元寺之一。
在千余年的历史长河之中,这座千年古刹经历了怎样的兴衰沉浮?积淀下古城如何丰厚的历史文化?隐藏着多少鲜为人知的传说故事?细说开元寺的前世今生、探寻寺内的珍贵文物、揭秘僧人的生活、讲述潮州人与开元寺的不解情缘。
在潮州古城区开元路与牌坊街的交汇处,矗立着一口开元古井,井栏东面的石刻楷书“乾隆乙未年修”依稀可见。
相传这口井为当年开元寺僧人取水所用,任时光缓缓流去,井水清澈如初。
公元738年,崇信佛教的唐玄宗下诏以当时的年号“开元”为名,在全国各州郡敕建寺院。
于是,在远离都城长安的潮州就有了一座占地百亩的开元寺。
一千多年后的今天,这里依旧香火不断。
天下名寺多依山傍水,而潮州的开元寺却于闹市之中独得一分宁静清幽。
这正印证了丛林偈语:“胸中若得山林气,何妨门前车马喧。
”开元寺的前身叫做荔峰寺,因为寺院前边有一个小山丘,种了很多荔枝树,在开元年间,一个地主就把整个荔枝峰施给了寺院,创建了占地百亩的开元寺。
开元寺元代称“开元万寿禅寺”,明代称“开元镇国禅寺”,俗称开元寺一直沿用至今。
向来为历朝祝福君主、宣讲官府律令之所。
据记载,开元寺所在位置前为开元路,后为西马路,左为太平路,右为义安路。
原四至之内皆为寺地,占地100亩。
其四界有四口井为记,即开元古井、仙街头井、弥勒佛井、广源街井。
唐玄宗开元26年,也就是公元738年,唐玄宗下诏令,全国各个州郡要选一个地方,建龙兴跟开元两寺,所以当年不只是一个开元寺,而是有两个寺,一个叫做龙兴,皇帝是真龙天子,所以碰到历朝皇帝的忌日,叫做国忌,就到龙兴寺举行道场;遇到千秋,也就是皇帝的生日,就在开元寺做道场。
潮州开元寺导游词(最精简)概述—金刚殿—天王殿—中庭—大雄宝殿—藏经楼—地藏阁—观音阁[概述]开元寺位于潮州市区开元路中段。
据《潮州府志寺观》记载:其前身是隋唐之际的荔峰寺。
唐朝开元二十六年,唐玄宗为庆祝自己生日,下令全国81州郡各选一大寺,以其年号命名,当时潮州就把荔峰寺改名为开元寺。
开元寺占地面积1.7万平方米,是一座宫殿式四合院建筑。
至今保留着唐朝的建筑格局,寺内的各主要建筑体现了宋、明、清各时代的建筑风格。
开元寺是广东四大名寺之一,是粤东地区规模最大的古刹,2001年7月被国务院确定为全国重点文物保护单位。
开元寺主要建筑分布在它的中轴线上,由南向北依次为金刚殿、天王殿、大雄宝殿、藏经楼。
在中轴线东西两侧是地藏阁和观音阁。
[金刚殿]金刚殿建于明朝,殿内供奉着两大金刚,他们是寺院的守护神,其中一位叫密迹金刚。
传说,释迦牟尼外出传法时,常有五百金刚护卫,密迹金刚就是这五百金刚的卫队长,金刚殿空间有限,不能把五百金刚全摆出来,只能由卫队长来作代表。
在密迹金刚对面的是那罗延天,传说他是印度的大力神。
开元寺两大金刚与其他寺院的金刚在造型上有所不同。
一般寺院的密迹金刚是开口,手持金刚杵,那罗延天则是合口、持棒。
而开元寺的金刚都是闭口端坐,手拿金刚圈。
[天王殿]天王殿是我国仅存的歇山顶建筑,有极高价值。
据文献记载,日本东大寺的大佛殿建筑样式是南宋建筑师陈和卿带到日本的。
日本建筑学界对这座建筑给予高评,说它为日本建筑界带来新技术和结构风格。
大佛殿完工不久,陈和卿就去世了。
他留下遗言,说大佛殿是参照中国某佛殿的样式而建,但没有说出具体是参照哪一寺院。
为了寻找大佛殿的根,中日建筑界学者走遍了中国各地寺院都一无所获。
直到1992年,路秉杰教授来到潮州,经过他验证,最终把大佛殿的根确定在开元寺天王殿。
这一发现轰动了中日建筑界和考古界!天王殿在建筑上有三个特点:第一,整座建筑32根柱子都是木石结合,下端为石柱上端为木柱,前排柱子与后排柱子在样式上有所不同。
潮州最值得去的十个景点潮州,位于广东东部,东与福建省接壤,是国家历史文化名城、潮州文化的重要发源地,素有“岭海名邦”、“岭东首邑”等美誉。
潮州有众多属于自己的独特文化:潮绣、潮州戏、潮州木雕、潮州菜、潮州功夫茶、潮州民居等。
潮州旅游资源也极其丰富,有新旧潮州八景,潮州以其独特的魅力吸引着众多游客前来游玩。
推荐潮州十大旅游景点:1、潮州广济桥广济桥,即潮州广济桥,古称康济桥、丁侯桥、济川桥,俗称湘子桥,又称潮州湘子桥。
在潮州城东门外,全长518米,横卧在滚滚的韩江之上,东临笔架山,西接东门闹市,南眺凤凰洲,北仰金山,景色壮丽迷人。
湘子桥是国家重点文物保护单位,也是世界上第一座启闭式桥梁,与赵州桥、洛阳桥、芦沟桥并称中国四大古桥。
2、潮州古城潮州古城位于广东省潮州市内,是广东省第一批获得"国家历史文化名城"荣誉称号的两座城市之一,是中国优秀旅游城市,曾经是"十相留声"之地,素有"海滨邹鲁"、"岭海名邦"之美誉!潮州有驰名中外的"潮州八景",有"三山一水绕城廓"的自然景观,更有以潮州方言、潮剧、潮州音乐、潮州工艺、潮州菜和潮州工夫茶等为代表的自成体系、独具一格的旅游文化。
3、牌坊街潮州牌坊街位于古城中心,是集非物质文化遗产、传统工艺、特色小吃等为一体的文化古街。
牌坊街特色建筑是中西合璧的骑楼,矗立的22座中式明清石牌坊与两侧南洋风味的骑楼互为映衬,明末清初引入具有南洋建筑风格的骑楼建筑,形成中西合璧的独特侨乡风貌。
牌坊街骑楼的店铺主要围绕潮州非物质文化遗产:潮绣、手拉壶、陶瓷、工夫茶等,以及潮式美食:潮州三宝、牛肉火锅、粿条、甘草水果……在潮州,去一趟牌坊街,就可以了解到潮州古城的前世今生。
4、韩文公祠韩文公祠是中国现存最早纪念唐代文学家韩愈的祠庙。
位于城区东面的韩江东岸、笔架山中峰"双旌石"下。
潮州开元寺——岭南名胜中英文导游(12)(2011-01-22 13:46:28)转载▼分类:新聊斋/朝花夕拾/旅游餐饮标签:开元寺岭南名胜中英文导游旅游岭南名胜中英文导游(12)潮州开元寺Kaiyuan Temple[简介]开元寺位于潮州市区开元路。
据记载:开元寺的前身是创建于隋唐之际的荔峰寺。
唐朝开元二十六年(738年),唐玄宗为庆祝自己的生日,下令全国81州郡各选一大寺,以其年号为名,潮州就把“荔峰寺”改名为“开元寺”。
现在开元寺的占地面积约为1、7万平方米,是一座宫殿式四合院建筑。
开元寺是广东四大名寺之一,是粤东地区规模最大的古刹,2001年7月被国务院定位全国重点文物保护单位。
开元寺的主要建筑分布在寺院的中轴线上,由南北依次为金刚殿、天王殿、大雄宝殿、藏经殿。
在中轴线的东西两侧分别是地藏阁和观音阁。
[Introduction]Kaiyuan Temple is located on Kaiyuan Road ,Chaozhou city .It is recorded that Kaiyuan Temple are formerly called Lifeng Temple ,constructed during Sui and Tang dynasties .In the 26th year of Kaiyuan , Tang dynasty (738 A. D.) ,to celebrate his birthday ,emperor Xuanzong ordered that each of the 81states and counties in the country should choose a big temple to be named after his reign title ,Kaiyuan ,so Lifeng Temple in Chaozhou was renamed Kaiyuan Temple.Kaiyuan temple is a quadrangle in palace style, currently covering an area of 17,000 square meters .as one of the four most famous temples in Guangzhou province and the largest of its kind in east Guangdong reign, Kaiyuan temple was listed as the sky cultural relic protection units by the state council in July, 2001.The main construction of Kaiyuan temple is laid out along the axis line. There are from south to north the Jingang(Saroyan) hall ,hall of heavenly king, Daxiong Bao Dian (mahavira hall) and scripture house .To the east and west of the axis line lie the pavilion of guardian deity of children (ksitigarbha) and kwan-yin pavilion respectively .[金刚殿]金刚殿建于明朝,殿内供奉着两大金刚,他们是寺院的守护神,民间称之为“哼哈二将”。
其中一位叫做密迹金刚。
传说,释迦牟尼佛外出传法时,常有五百金刚随行护卫,密令金刚就是这五百金刚卫队的队长,密令金刚对面的是那罗延天,传说他是古印度的大力神。
开元寺的金刚都是闭口端坐,手拿金刚圈。
[Jingang Hall]Jingang Hall was built in Ming dynasty .There are tow Jingangs in the hall and they are it’s guardian spirits .They called as “Heng” and “Ha” generals by the folk. One of them is Miji (traceless) Jingang .According to legend, Sakyamuni used to have an armed escort of 500 Jingangs when he went out to preach, and Miji Jingang served as the captain of the guard .Opposite of Miji Jingang is Naroyan, he is said to be the most powerful spirit in ancient India .The jingang statues in Kaiyuan temple are all sitting up with months shut and Jing gang rings in hands.[天王殿]天王殿建于宋朝,是我国仅存的宋代单檐歇山顶建筑,在建筑上具有极高的价值。
天王殿在建筑上有三个特点:第一,整座建筑有32根柱子,这些柱子都是木石结合,下端为石柱,上端为木柱,前排柱子与后排柱子式样有所不同。
第二,天王殿东西两侧的山墙没有用石柱而是用砖砌,整个屋顶的重量由两侧山墙承载,这和我国传统的用柱来承载屋顶的重量的做法有所不同。
第三,在柱子上端为层叠的斗拱连接屋顶,从下往上望,这些斗拱好像盛开的莲花,在民间把这些斗拱叫做“莲花托”。
在天王殿内正上方一块牌匾上面写着“开元镇国禅寺”六个子,“镇国”两字不是一般寺庙可用的。
开元寺之所以可以用“镇国”两字,是因为得到了朝廷的批准。
在天王殿正中间供奉是的是弥勒佛。
据佛经说,弥勒佛是未来世的佛祖,是现在世佛租释迦牟尼在未来世的接班人。
开元寺天王殿供奉的是弥勒佛的化身像,即“大肚弥勒佛”。
[Hall of Heavenly King]Built in Song Dynasty, the Hall of Heavenly King in the only existing Xieshan -styled-roof structure left over from the Song Dynasty and so is highly valued in architecture. This hall has three characteristics: Firstly, there are 32 pillars, all wood-stone combined, with wood of the upper part and stone of the lower end. The pillars in the front are somewhat different from those in the back. Secondly, there is no pillars at all in both the east and west gables, only brick walls tosupport the housetop. This is different from the traditional way of using pillars to bear the weight. Thirdly, there is a cascade of arches on the upper pillars to join the roof. Looked from below, the arches seem blooming lotus flowers; hence they’ve got the name of “Lotus Torus” among the folk.Inside the Hall of Heavenly King, there’s a tablet plaque in the upper middle with characters: “Kaiyuan Country Pacifying Buddhist Temple”. And the two characters” Country Pacifying” cannot be freely used if without the permission by the court.Maitreya Buddha is in the middle of the Hall. He is said by Buddhist sutra to be the aftertime Buddha, the successor of now time Buddha Sakyamuni. The statue here is his inca rnation characterized by his big belly, i.e. the “Big Belly Maitreya”.On the east and west sides are the four Heavenly Kings. The sculptures here differs from those in other temples: they all sit square, without one leg lift up as they generally do in othe r temples, because this is a “Country Pacifying Buddhist Temple”.Behind Maitreya Buddha is Weiyou Bodhisattva facing Daxiong Bao Dian (Mahavira Hall). It is said that each of the four Heavenly Kings has eight generals; Weituo is the most important one for his protection of Buddhism among the thirty-two and receives the decrees from the Buddha directly.[中庭]在天王殿北面是开元寺的中庭,即大雄宝殿前的广场。