北京语言大学外国语言学及应用语言学考博真题导师分数线内部资料

北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心2008年博士生招生考试试卷（A卷）（刘润清）Directions: Answer any FOUR of the following questions, each bearing 25 points out of 100. Your answers will be evaluated in terms of both theircontent and Ian guage. Please write very clearly.I Define TEN of the followi ng terms and the n tran slate them into Chin ese.I.register 2. dialect 3. li nguistic pote ntial 4. critical period hypothesis5. displaceme nt6. duality of structure7. extrapositi on8. gradual adjective9. deducti on 10. idiolect 11. lateralizatio n 12. retrospect ion13. pho neme 14. right branching direct ion 15. rule-gover ned behavior16. speech syn thesis 17. behaviourism 18. null operator moveme nt19. story grammar 20. traditi onal grammarII.Read carefully the followi ng passage take n from Saussure ' Course in GeneralLinguistics and then discuss its importanee in exploring the nature of Ian guage.Lan guage is a system of sig ns that express ideas, and is therefore comparable to a system of writing, the alphabet of deaf-mutes, symbolic rites, polite formulas, military signals, etc. But it is the most importa nt of all these systems.A scie nce that studies the life of sig ns within society is con ceivable; it would be a part of social psychology and con seque ntly of gen eral psychology; I shall call it semiology. Semiologywould show what con stitutes sig ns, what laws gover n them. Since the scie nce does not yet exist, no one can say what it would be; but it has a right to existence, a place staked out in advance. Linguistics is only a part of the general science of semiology; the laws discovered by semiology will be applicable to linguistics, and the latter will circumscribe a well-defined area within the mass of an thropological facts.To determine the exact place of semiology is the task of the psychologist. The task of the lin guist is to find out what makes Ian guage a special system with in the mass of semiological data. This issue will be taken up again later; here I wish merely to call attention to one thing: if I have succeeded in assigning linguistics a place among the science, it is because I have related it to semiology.III.The following passage is taken from Halliday ' An Introduction to FunctionalGrammar. Read it carefully, expla in what every sentence mea ns and the n comme nt on his theory of Ian guage.The basic oppositi on, in grammars of the sec ond half of the twen tieth cen tury, is not that betwee n 'structuralist' and 'generative' as set out the public debates of the 1960s.There are manyvariables in the way grammars are written, and any clustering of these is bound to distort the picture; but the more fundamental opposition is between those that are primarily syntagmatic in orientation (by and large the formal grammars, with their roots in logic and philosophy) and those that are primarily paradigmatic (by and large the functional ones, with their roots in rhetoric and ethnography) The former interpret a language as a list of structures, among which, as a distinct second step, regular relationships may be established (hence the introduction of transformations); they tend to emphasize universal features of language, to take grammar (which they call syntax) as the foundation of language (hence the grammar is arbitrary), and so to be organized around the sentence. The later interpret a language as a network of relations, with structurescoming in as the realization of these relationships; they tend to emphasize variables among differentlanguages, to take semantics as the foundation (hence the grammar is natural) and so to be organized around the text, or discourse, There are many cross-currents, with insights borrowed from one to the other; but they are ideologically fairly different and it is often difficult to maintain a dialogue.IV.The following passage is take from Peter Barb's Word Play: What Happens When People Talk (1973). Read it carefully and then comment on linguistic relativity.Such a connection between language and thought is rooted in common-sense beliefs, but no one gave much attention to the matter before Wilhelm von Humboldt, the 19th century German philologist and diplomat. He statedthat the structure of a language expresses the inner life of its speakers: "Man lives with the world abut him, principally, indeed exclusively, as language presents it." In this century, the case for a close relationship between language and reality was stated by Edward Sapir: "Human beings d not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular Ianguage which has become the medium for their society. The fact of the matter is that the 'real world' is to a large extent built up on the language habits of the group. No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached."About 1932 one of Sapir's students at Yale, Benjamin Lee Whorf, drew on Sapir's ideas and began an intensive study of the language of the Hopi Indians of Arizona. Whorf's brilliant analysis of Hopi places common-sense beliefs about language and thought on a scientific basis -- and it also seemed to support the view that man is a prisoner of his language. Whorf concluded that language "is not merely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is itself the shaper of ideas. … we dissect nature along lines laid down by ourartive Ianguages."V.Please give the main content of Grice's Cooperative Principle with its four maxims explained and then discuss conversational implicatures of Group A (in which no maxim is violated), Group B (in which a maxim is violated), and Group C (in which a maxim is flouted by means ofa figure of speech).VI.The following is a passage by Chomsky. Read it carefully and then discuss th e difference between Chomsky's theory of linguistics and other approaches in linguistics.Generative grammar arose in the context of what is often called “the cognitive revolutionthe 1950s, and was an important factor in its development. Whether or not the term“ revol uappropriate, there was an important change of perspective: from the study of behavior and its products (such as texts), to the inner mechanisms that enter into thought and action. The cognitive perspective regards behavior and its products not as the object of inquiry, but as data that may provide evidence about the inner mechanisms of mind and the ways these mechanisms operate in executing actions and interpreting experience. The properties and patterns that were the focus of attention in structural linguistics find their place, but as phenomena to be explained along with innumerable others, in terms of the inner mechanisms that generate expressions. The approach is“ mentalistic, ” but in what should be an uncontroversial sense. It is concerned with “m of the world, ”which stand alongside its mechanical, chemical, optical, and other aspects. It undertakes to study a real object in the natural world —the brain, its states, and its functions —and thus to move the study of the mind toward eventual integration with the biological science.(Chomsky, N. 2000. New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind)VII.The following is taken from Bloomfield's Language about the famous story of Jack and Jill which is often quoted to illustrate Bloomfield's behaviorism inlinguistics. Read it carefully and discuss how Bloomfield explains the process of stimulus and response and point out where he is wrong.Suppose that Jack and Jill are walking down a lane. Jill is hungry. She sees an apple in a tree. She makes a noise with her larynx, tongue and lips. Jack vaults the fence, climbs the tree, take the apple, brings it to Jill, and places it in her hand. Jill eats the apple.This succession of events could be studies in many ways, but we, who are studying language, will naturally distinguish between the act of speech and the other occurrences, which we shall call practical events . Viewed in this way, the incident consists of three parts in order of time:A.Practical events preceding the act of speech.B.Speech.C.Practical events following the act of speech.We shall examine first the practical events: A and C. The events in A concern mainly the speaker, Jill. She was hungry; that is, some of her muscles were contracting, and some fluids were being secreted, especially in her stomach. Perhaps she was also thirsty; her tongue and throat were dry. The light-waves reflected from the red apple struck her eyes. She saw Jack by her side. Her past dealings with Jack should now enter into the picture; ket us suppose that they consisted in some ordinary relation, like that of brother and sister or that of husband and wife. All these events, which precede Jill's speech and concern her, we call the speaker's stimulus.We now turn to C, the practical events which came after Jill's speech. These concern mainly the hearer, Jack, and consist of his fetching the apple and giving it to Jill. The practical events which follow the speech and concern the hearer, we call the hearer's response. The events which follow the speech concern also Jill, and this in very important way: she gets the apple into hergrasp and eats it.。

北京师范大学外国语言文学学院应用语言学考博指导与分析一、北京师范大学外国语言文学学院考博资讯北京师范大学外国语言文学学院的课程与教学论专业初试的两门专业课均用英文答题其余的见下文。

（一）考试科目及各方向导师：5.050211外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向01：应用语言学。

导师是罗少茜。

考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。

（2）2018普通语言学（100%）。

（3）3103应用语言学（100%）。

（二）复试分数线：1.复试原则与分数线：此分数线是各专业的最低复试/录取分数要求。

只适用于报考普通博士生、高校辅导员在职攻读思想政治教育专业博士学位研究生、高校思想政治理论课教师在职攻读马克思主义理论博士学位研究生的考生，不适用于少数民族高层次骨干人才攻读博士学位研究生和对口支援西部地区高等学校定向培养博士学位研究生。

未组织复试的导师，将在此分数线基础上，按照一定比例确定复试名单，并在4月中旬前组织复试，具体复试名单由报考院系通过院系网站或电话告知。

已经复试的导师，将在此分数线基础上，依据录取规则，按顺序录取。

专业代码及名称外国语业务课一业务课二总分050211外国语言学及应506060180用语言学2.复试方案：复试将对考生科研及实践经验、学术潜力、实践能力、综合素质等进行全面考查。

复试形式为面试，考生需参加两个小组的面试。

实践组（复试一组）：重点考察考生实践经验及实践能力、实践案例分析。

考生进场后，自我陈述3分钟左右，然后回答案例问题，考官提问。

科研组（复试二组）：重点考察考生科研经验及科研能力、研究选题计划、综合素质。

考生进场后，陈述研究选题计划3分钟后，考官提问。

复试满分值为200分，每小组满分各为100分。

每小组及格分为60分，一组或两组成绩不及格者不予录取。

每小组由5位复试教师组成。

考生在每个小组的复试成绩，为该组考官所给的5个成绩按照“去掉一个最高分、去掉一个最低分、其余分数加总再除以3”的方法得出。

2013年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解I. Briefly explain the following terms. (50 points, 5 points each)1. affix【答案】An affix refers to the collective term for the type of morpheme that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or the stem), which has three subtypes: prefix, such as un-, mini-, para-; suffix, -ish, -al, -tion; and infix, abso-bloomingly-lutely, un-fucking-believable. All the affixes are the bound morphemes.The affixes that attach to verbs and do not change the category are usually inflectional affixes. For example, -s in reads, looks and listens; -ed in excited, interested and consisted; -ing in studying, making and sitting. They are just grammatical markers and do not change the category of words.2. inflection【答案】Inflection is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes, such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and case, which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached. For example, the past form of the verb work is realized by the addition of the inflectional suffix: “-ed”; the plural form of the noun child is realized by theinflectional suffix: “-ren”.3. mood【答案】The mood is the variation in the conjugation of a verb to express the manner or form. It includes three types, namely, imperative mood, indicative mood and subjunctive mood.4. modality【答案】In linguistics, modality is what allows speakers to attach expressions of belief, attitude and obligation to statements. In standard formal approaches to modality, an utterance expressing modality can always roughly be paraphrased to fit the template.5. interlanguage【答案】Interlanguage refers to the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It’s a language system between the target language and the learner’s native language, and imperfect compared with the target language, but not mere translation from the learner’s native language. For example, when a Chinese student is learning English, he may make errors like “to touch the society”.6. language transfer【答案】Native language plays an important role in the process of second language acquisition. When the native language influences the acquisition of the target language, language transfer happens. For example, the students’learned knowledge and skills in the native language can be transferred to the second language. When the two languages are similar in structure, then the native language facilitates the target language learning, and we call it a positive transfer; when the two languages are different in structure, then the native language interferes with the target language learning, and we call it a negative transfer.7. speech act【答案】Speech act is a central concept in Speech Act Theory, according to which, we are performing various kinds of acts when we are speaking. Actions performed through utterances are generally called speech acts.8. verbal behavior【答案】The verbal behavior is the behavior under the control of consequences mediated by other people (who can interchangeably function as speaker and listener)-was best understood in a functional analysis.9. co-operative principles【答案】The four maxims of the co-operative principle are as follows:Quantity. (1) Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange). (2) Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.Quality. Try to make your contribution one that is true. (1) Do not say what you believe to be false. (2) Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.Relation. Be relevant.Manner. Be perspicuous. (1) Avoid obscurity of expression. (2) Avoid ambiguity.(3) Be brief. (4) Be orderly.In the utterance given, it is probable that the speaker is particularly careful about the maxim of Quality, which rules that do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.10. vernacular【答案】A vernacular is the native language or native dialect of a specific population, as opposed to a language of wider communication that is a second language or foreign language to the population, such as a national language, standard language, or lingua franca.II. Read the following passage and then answer questions. (40 points)1. What does “French made me absent the way he was absent” (1.6-7) mean?(5 points)2. What is “a French immersion summer programme” (1, 8)? (5 points)3. What are formative experiences (1.9)? (5 points)4. What is “a French-medium school” (1.9-10)? (5 points)5. What does Kaplan mean when she says “there was a French beyond the everyday” (1. 13-14)? (5 points)6. What does “the new community and culture” (1.15-16) refer to? What ismeant by “a complete self-identification” (1.15) with it? (5 points)7. What does Kaplan’s success story illustrate? (10 points)【答案】1. Learning French is connected with her father. Although her father has passedaway, she could always feel him when studying French.2. Kaplan fully devoted herself for a whole summer to learning French.3. One is to study a year abroad in a French-medium school in Switzerland atthe age of 15 in high school; the other is an academic year abroad in Bordeaux three years later, while she was a French literature undergraduate.4. In Switzerland, French is a connected language for students when they are learning.5. She was always as intense for French culture as it was for the French language. She felt French was everywhere and French could express her bottom of heart.6. “The new community and culture” refers to the sphere of Frenchknowledge, French culture, French thinking patterns, etc. She found French was her part of body, at that time she finally felt that she was complete and she knew what she was.7. ①The interests are very important during the process of study.②Work hard, think actively and innovatively.(答案仅供参考，考生只要言之成理即可酌情给分。

下面我分科来介绍：1. 政治肖大大的书是肯定要买的，肖大大出的书我都买了。

因为我是理科生，所以，我配着徐涛的视频看肖大大的精讲精练，把重点画下来，然后做1000题。

我把1000题做了四遍左右，第一遍我是看完视频和书做题，错了就会在书上把知识点画下来，把错的题也标下来，后面再做不会再看书了，每一遍都把错题标出来，最后一遍就做高频题和易错题。

因为我感觉今年肖大大的四套卷和八套卷的选择题过于简单，可以最后再找一下别的老师的卷子练一下。

当然我的政治考得不是很好，建议学弟学妹们可以看看70＋的大神们的政治经验贴。

2. 日语今年我的初试分考的不是很好，主要就是日语拉分，因为今年的日语也就初级上的难度，但是我的重点主要放在初级下，所以导致我才考了74。

考北语的同学很多今年都考了90＋，至少也都80＋，所以学弟学妹们一定要好好重视日语，北语的日语一般不出很难，重点就是初级上下两册，我准备初试的时候，没有练很多题，学弟学妹们如果想考北语可以做一下N3的练习题或者二外日语真题及强化练习题详解（名字就是这个）。

还有一定要早练作文，虽然二外的题型每年都不固定，但是练了肯定没有坏处。

北语去年和今年的日语都过于简单，也不排除明年会加大难度。

（如果觉得自己日语基础不是很好的话，建议报个一对一辅导班，听之前的学姐说，新祥旭一对一辅导班还是非常不错的）。

3. 基础英语北语的基础英语主要考单选，阅读，翻译（英汉，汉英都有），写作，而且难度一直很大我的建议是可以买一份娜姐的资料，她的资料里有十年的真题（语言学＋基础英语），单选，阅读，翻译的练习题，真题很重要，有了真题你就会知道北语的侧重点是什么，主要考什么知识点，当然基础英语主要是练。

我每天都会做阅读，20个单选，翻译坚持每天练，汉译英和英译汉各一段，我用的书是散文108篇，我还想提一个笨方法，我背过108篇里的很多文章，匆匆，盼头，野草，论读书等等，我觉得背文章可以让我记住一些表达，但是一定要在以后练翻译的时候尽力用上，这样好的表达才可以变成你自己的。

北京大学语言学及应用语言学专业考博考试内容考试重点备考指导一、北京大学中文系博士招生人数及报考统计年份招生方式及人数公开招考报名人数报录比复试分数线2013年公开招考(44人256人6:1外语>=45专业课>=60(2015年2014年公开招考(43人244人6:12015年公开招考(38人176人4:1育明考博辅导中心张老师解析:1、北大中文系共有8个博士招生专业:文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界文学、中国语言文学(中国民间文学,各专业之间报录比差别还是比较大的。

2、2016年北京大学中文系内地计划招生人数为38人。

3、北大中文系考博历年缺考率平均在30%左右。

(北京大学中文系考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩:七七二六、七八、五三七二、北大中文系语言学及应用语言学专业考博考试内容分析(育明考博辅导中心专业招生人数初审复审内容050102语言学及应用语言学2013年1人2014年5人2015年3人申请—考核制1、学术水平的考查:笔试(100分:语言学专业及基础面试(100分2、思想政治素质和品德的考核:政治态度、思想表现、学习(工作态度,道德品质、遵纪守法等方面。

育明考博辅导中心张老师解析:1、北京大学中文系语言学及应用语言学专业考博的报录比平均在6:1左右(竞争较激烈。

2、本专业有2个研究方向:01.理论语言学(含对外汉语教学02.语音学。

3、同等学力申请者加试政治课(哲学。

4、2016年北京大学实行“申请—考核制”,没有提供雅思、托福等英语成绩等级证明的同学,需要参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”;俄语、日语、法语、德语要求:北京大学组织的博士生外语考试过及格线。

外语考试后中文系根据研究生院提供的建议分数线确定外语及格线。

掌握少数民族语言的少数民族申请者的外语成绩要求可适当降低。

5、复试总成绩计算方法:外语成绩20%+学科笔试成绩30%+面试成绩50%。

北京外国语大学英语语言文学考博真题导师分数线内部资料一、专业的设置、导师及招生计划学科、专业名称研究方向研究领域指导教师招生人数050201英语语言文学英语国家文学研究(001英语学院）19-20世纪美国小说/女性主义金莉1-2英美小说/西方文论张在新1-2英国现代小说/西方文论马海良1-219-20世纪英美诗歌研究张剑1-2英语文学与跨文化研究陶家俊1-2现当代西方批评理论美国小说与叙事理论王丽亚1-2美国小说研究潘志明1-2奥斯汀小说研究；耿力平1-2芒罗小说研究；英语国家文学研究（018外国文学所）现代西方文论赵国新1-2英语国家语言研究（001英语学院）认知语言学蓝纯1-2应用语言学（001英语学院）外语教育周燕1-2英语国家研究(001英语学院)美国研究孙有中1-2跨文化传播研究欧洲研究王展鹏1-2美国政治研究谢韬1-2美国研究李莉文1-2国际经济彭龙1-2美国政治与外交李永辉1-2国际关系李英桃1-2二、初试考试内容学科、专业名称研究方向研究领域初试考试科目外国语专业科目一专业科目二050201英语语言文学英语国家文学研究(001英语学院）19-20世纪美国小说/女性主义二外(俄语、法语、德语、日语、西班牙语任选一种）英美文学基础美国文学史与作品分析英美小说/西方文论文论与作品解读英国现代小说/西方文论小说与文论19-20世纪英美诗歌研究文学理论与诗歌作品分析英语文学与跨文化研究英语小说与跨文化研究（复试时加试“西方批评理论”）现当代西方批评理论西方批评理论（复试时加试“英语小说与跨文化研究”）美国小说与叙事理论叙事理论美国小说研究美国文学史与作品分析奥斯汀小说研究；奥斯汀小说及英国18世纪社会解读（复试时加试叙事理论）；芒罗小说研究；芒罗小说及加拿大社会解读（复试时加试叙事理论）英语国家文学研究（018外国文学所）现代西方文论二外(俄语、法语、德语、日语、西班牙语任选一种）英美文学基础西方古典文论与现代文论英语国家语言研究（001英语学院）认知语言学二外(俄语、法语、德语、日语、西班牙语任选一种）普通语言学认知语言学/认知诗学应用语言学（001英语学院）外语教育二外(俄语、法语、德语、日语、西班牙语任选一种）应用语言学（英语学院）外语教育英语国家研究(001英语学院)美国研究二外(俄语、法语、德语、日语、西班牙语任选一种）美国通史美国思想史跨文化传播研究中西思想文化史跨文化传播研究理论欧洲研究政治学理论（含英国政治）欧洲一体化的理论与实践美国政治研究美国总统研究美国国会研究美国研究美国通史美国政治经济国际经济英语货币金融学国际经济美国政治与外交国际关系史美国政治与外交国际关系近现代国际关系史当代国际关系理论与实践三、部分科目参考书目研究方向参考书目20世纪加拿大女性小说研究（英语学院耿力平教授）1、W.J.Keith,《加拿大英语文学史》，北京大学出版社，2009年2、Northrop Frye,The Bush Garden:Essays on the Canadian Imagination .(任一版本)3、Margaret Atwood,Survival:A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature .(任一版本)4、Gérard Genette ，Narrative Discourse:An Essay in Method (Cornell UP,1980).5、E.M.Forster,Aspects of the Novel (London:Arnold,1927).6、Virginia Woolf ，The Common Reader ,First Series and the Second Series (Hogarth Press 的任一版本).现代西方文论（外国文学所赵国新教授）1、Terry Eagleton ，Literary Theory ：An Introduction ，Oxford ：Basil Blackwell ，1983.2、Lois Tyson ，Critical Theory Today ：A User-Friendly Guide ，2nd Edition ，New York and London ：Routledge ，2006.3、张中载、王逢振、赵国新编：《二十世纪西方文论选读》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002年。

北京语言大学2010-2011年语言学及应用语言学专业真题（初试）北京语言大学2010年语言学及应用语言学初试真题语言学概论（150分）一、填空题（10分）1.对语言进行一个很断面的研究而不是从历史的角度，叫（）语言学2.语言能生成长度无限的句子是因为组合有（）性3.语素属于语言中的语（）4.一个语法范畴包含的语法意义至少有（）个5.基本词汇中那些构词力强的词叫（）词二、名词解释（20分）1.双向聚合群2.音质音位3.聚合规则4.谱系分类5.词语的替换三、判断对错，错误的请说明理由（10分）1.元音是呼出的气流不受到任何阻碍形成的音2.taller和worker都是以词尾er作为语法手段的3.闭音节是以元音收尾的音节四、分析题（30分）1.用语流音变的知识分析说明“啊”的音变情况2.分析六个“儿化词”，说明“儿”的不同情况信儿、米儿、花儿、盖儿、尖儿、头儿3.分析They were making teaching plan when I called them yesterday.一句中的语法范畴，用的是什么语法手段4.说明汉语基本句法结构并指出汉语句法结构构成的语法手段5.用层次分析法分析我奶奶刚刚从超市买回来一箱啤酒。

这个句子中有几个语素，几个词，几个词组6.归并音位的原则五、简答题（30分）1.汉语也有表示“复数”的概念，通过哪些手段表达2.举例说明分化歧义常用的变换手段3.词根和根词的异同4.语言中舌面前辅音的来源以及与舌根音的互补分布的差异性5.词与语素的区别与联系6.语言发展演变的特点以及原因六、描写题（20分）1.语境对词义的影响和作用2.阐述|a|的音位变体和出现的条件七、论述题（30分）1.文字产生的原因以及为什么文字是最重要的辅助性交际工具。

2.以workers为例，分析词根词缀词尾三者的异同3.什么是语法范畴？英语中语法范畴有哪些？用哪些语法手段来表示？现代汉语部分（75分）一、写出下列音节中的韵母分别属于四呼中的哪一类型（5分）1.（y）ang2.（c）i3.（d）ong4.（y）uan5.（j）iong二、用严式音标为下列词语注音（6分）1.扁舟2.打扮3.唱啊4.伙伴儿5.老朋友三、用严式音标为下列语素注音，并回答问题（6分）1.菊2.阅3.远问题一：写出音位/y/的音位变体，并标明出现的条件.问题二：列举出音位归并的原则。

北大考博辅导：北京大学外国语言学及应用语言学考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，在2018-2019年外国语言学及应用语言学专业考研学校排名中，排名第一的是广东外语外贸大学，排名第二的是北京外国语大学，排名第三的是北京大学。

作为北京大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，外国语学院的外国语言学及应用语言学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第三。

下面是启道考博整理的关于北京大学俄语语言文学考博相关内容。

一、专业介绍外国语言学及应用语言学专业外国语言文学一级学科下设的一个二级学科。

本学科以形式语言学的基本假设为理论指导，以音系学、句法学、形式语义学和语言习得为主要教学和研究内容，同时从事应用语言学具体领域的教学与研究。

本专业是国内唯一能够覆盖形式语言学四大基础理论领域(音系学、句法学、形式语义学和语言习得)的外国语言学及应用语言学专业。

本专业培养从事外国语言学及应用语言学研究、高校教学或口、笔译的硕士研究生。

他们必须牢固掌握本学科的基础理论与系统专门知识，较深入地了解国外语言学、应用语言学、外语教育学及翻译的理论、源流与最新发展趋势。

北京大学外国语学院的外国语言学及应用语言学专业在博士招生方面，划分为4个研究方向：050211外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：01.理论语言学；02.社会语言学；03.现代外语教育；04.文体学研究此专业实行申请考核制。

二、考试内容北京大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+专业面试构成。

其中，综合考核内容为:1、外国语学院将组织专家组对申请人的申请材料进行初审，初审结果将于2019年3月公布。

2、对通过初审的申请者采取笔试与面试相结合的方式进行复试，主要考核考生学科背景知识、专业素质、思维能力、创新能力等；3、复试考核时间：2019年3月，包括笔试和面试。

4、笔试、面试各占50%，任意一项不合格不予录取。

目　录2011年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2012年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2013年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2014年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2015年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2011年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解I. Briefly explain the following terms. (20 points)1．perlocutionary act【答案】According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act illocutionary act perlocutionary act. A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance. Thus, by saying “Morning!” the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relations with the hearer.2．minimal pair【答案】Minimal pairs are the two words which are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string. For example, the English words bear and pear constitute a minimal pair as they differ in meaning and in their initial phonemes /b/ and /p/.3．distinctive feature【答案】The distinctive feature refers to a property which distinguishes one phoneme from another. For example, “voicing” is a distinctive feature, since it plays an important role in distinguishing obstruents in English.4．linguistic variable【答案】Linguistic variable are those where the meaning remain constant but form varies like cat and pussy have the same social meaning but different form. So far pronunciation is concerned house [h] and with [h] has same social meaning with different pronunciation. Here variables are just the tools to analyze the language to set social dimensional society.5．lingua franca【答案】It is a language that is used for communication between different groups of people, each speaking a different language. The lingua franca couldbe an internationally used language of communication (e. g. English), it could be the native language of one of the groups, or it could be a language which is not spoken natively by any of the groups but has a simplified sentence structure and vocabulary and is often a mixture of two or more languages.II. Answer the following questions. (30 points)1．Why do we say linguistics is a science? (10 points)【答案】Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It tries to answer the basic questions “What is language?” and “How does language work?” Linguistics studies not any particular language, e.g. English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, but it studies languages in general.It is a scientific study because it is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. In order to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system, what the linguist has to do first is to collect and observe language facts, which arc found to display some similarities, and generalizations are made about them; then he formulates some hypotheses about the language structure. But the hypotheses thus formed have to be checked repeatedly against the observed facts to fully prove their validity. In linguistics, as in any other discipline, data and theory stand in a dialectical complementation; that is, a theory without the support of data can hardly claim validity, and data without being explained by some theory remain a muddled mass of things.（此题考查语言学作为一门学科其科学性，此题开放性试题，从其研究内容及方法角度作答即可。

北京语言大学英语语言文学考博真题导师分数线内部资料一、专业的设置及考试科目二、导师简介宁一中，北京大学博士，美国加州大学（尔湾）博士后。

曾在英国剑桥大学、美国耶鲁大学等从事研究。

北京语言大学教授，博士生导师，外国语学院院长，英语语言文学科、专业名称及研究方向指导教师人数考试科目备注050201英语语言文学301英美文学宁一中①1022二外日语或1023二外俄语或1024二外法语或1025二外德语或1026二外西班牙语②2032英美文学史③3078当代西方文论王雅华①1024二外法语或1022二外日语或1023二外俄语或1025二外德语或1026二外西班牙语②2032英美文学史③3079西方文学理论与文学批评实践02翻译理论与实践张威①1022二外日语或1024二外法语或1025二外德语或1026二外西班牙语②2033语言运用与翻译实践技能③3080翻译理论阐释※翻译理论阐释分口译、笔译两类，考生可根据自己情况选择其一。

学学科带头人，校学术委员会副主任，享受国务院特殊津贴。

中国外国文学学会常务理事，中国英语文学常务理事，中国英语教学研究会常务理事，中国叙事学会常务理事。

中国外语教学委员会英语分会委员（2007-2013），北京市高校教学协作委员会委员。

研究兴趣为英语文学，叙事学，比较文学，翻译。

出版专著3部，编著、译著10余部。

在《外国文学评论》、《外国文学研究》、《文艺研究》、《外语教学与研究》、《国外文学》、《外国文学》等刊物发表论文30余篇。

王雅华，女，文学博士，北京语言大学教授外语学院教授，英美文学方向博士研究生导师。

主要研究领域及讲授研究生课程：英国戏剧、现当代英国小说及诗学、西方文学批评理论与实践。

出版了专著（英文）：《走向虚无-----赛缪尔·贝克特小说的自我探索与形式实验》（北京语言大学出版社，2005），《不断延伸的思想图像：贝克特的美学思想与创作实践》（北京大学出版社出版，2013）；在国家权威核心期刊发表过论文《大世界与小世界的对立：评塞缪尔·贝克特的长篇小说〈莫菲〉》，《从认知危机到语言表征危机：评塞缪尔·贝克特的长篇小说，〈瓦特〉》，《理性与非理性的对话：塞缪尔·贝克特〈莫洛伊〉之双重文本解读》，《作者之死与游戏的终结：塞缪尔·贝克特的〈马洛纳之死〉之后结构主义解读》，《难以命名、异延、意义之迷团：塞缪尔·贝克特小说<难以命名者>之解构主义阐释》，《超越女性话语，走向‘无我’境界：艾丽斯·默多克小说的美学追求，兼论〈在网下〉》，《理论小说极其对后现代诗学的影响》，《世界是‘我’的表象：解析贝克特〈徒劳无益〉中的写实主义》等……；参与撰写和编著文学、英语语言及教学方面书籍和教材5种；参与一项国家社科基金项目（项目组主要成员），独立主持了一项国家社科基金项目（已结项）。

北语语言学真题导言：北语语言学真题是指北京语言大学语言学专业的历年真题集合。

北语语言学专业是指在北京语言大学学习语言学理论和实践，培养掌握语言学基本理论知识和技能，能够独立从事语言学研究、语言教学和语言规划等相关工作的高级专门人才。

第一部分：概述北语语言学真题是准备参加北语语言学专业考试的学生所需的重要学习资料。

这些真题主要包括历年来北语语言学专业考试的笔试部分，是考生了解考试形式、了解自己的备考情况、熟悉考试内容和提高解题能力的重要依据。

第二部分：考试内容北语语言学真题的考试内容涵盖了语言学的各个方面，包括语言学基础知识、语音学、语法学、语义学、语用学、语言学研究方法等内容。

考试形式主要是选择题和简答题。

选择题侧重考察考生对语言学概念和理论的理解和运用能力，而简答题则更多地强调考生对语言学知识的综合应用和分析能力。

第三部分：考试建议为了能够顺利通过北语语言学专业考试，考生可以参考下面的几点考试建议：1. 建立扎实的语言学基础知识。

考生应该系统地学习语言学基本理论和固定概念，掌握基本概念的定义和运用。

2. 注意积累实际案例和语言材料。

语言学的研究是基于真实语言情境的，考生应该积累不同语言现象的实际案例和语料，并进行分析和归纳。

3. 注重解题方法和技巧的训练。

考生应该熟悉各类题型的解题方法和技巧，例如学会分析选择题的陈述和干扰项，掌握简答题的开题方法和组织结构。

4. 进行模拟考试和答题训练。

考生可以使用北语语言学真题进行模拟考试，提高自己的考试答题速度和应对能力。

5. 注重知识的综合应用和扩展。

语言学是一门综合性的学科，考生应该注重学科知识的整合和综合应用，要善于把不同部分的知识联系起来，形成自己的知识网络。

第四部分：总结北语语言学真题是北语语言学专业考试的重要学习资料，助力考生了解考试内容和形式，提升解题能力和备考效果。

通过系统学习和练习真题，考生可以对语言学的各个领域有全面了解，并在考试中取得好成绩。

1/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 1北京语言大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

专业代码、名称及研究方向招生人数考试科目050102语言学及应用语言学6501理论语言学02社会语言学与语言应用03第二语言习得研究04语言测试05对外汉语教学06语言地理学07语言病理学08语言信息处理09计算语言学10计算机辅助语言学习1101思想政治理论2201英语一3714现代汉语和古代汉语4818语言学概论2/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：2考研政治每年平均分在4，50分，不是很高，政治取得高分除了靠记忆力还要有一定的技巧，今天我就考研政治中的一些答题技巧，来和同学们分享一下。

选择题分值为50分。

其中单选题16道，满分16分;多选题17道，满分34分。

选择题由于考查范围广，涉及的知识点零散，这种题型很需要考生对教材和大纲有系统而熟练的掌握。

选择题中，多选题的难度较大，它是拉开政治分数的一个题型之一。

单项选择题政治单选是属于必得的高分题型。

而应对单选这种题型，考生在记忆相关概念时一定要明晰，不能模棱两可，尤其是容易混淆的概念，一定要注意区分。

而最能帮助考生区分的方法是适度的习题训练，通过练习来加强记忆和理解。

在得分方面，单选题总分值在16分，考生最好拿12分以上的分数。

解答单项选择题要掌握一定的技巧，掌握技巧的前提是形成正确的解题思路。

第一步是读懂题，审好题，准确把握题干的规定性。

即题干所要求回答的是什么问题，在什么范围、方面、角度和条件下回答这一问题;第二步是鉴别和判断选择题肢项。

题肢选项分两类，一类是不符合题意的应排除掉。

2019北京语言大学—外国语言学及应用语言学—良心分享先注明：我报考的学校是北京语言大学，专业是外国语言学及应用语言学。

题型：（记得不大准确了，但是应该差不多）语言学题型1.名词解释十个共50分pragmaticsallophoneblendinggovernmentthemeIC analysisthe referential theoryhyponymyperlocutionary actlinguistic competence2.一篇英译汉，一篇汉译英，共50分3.论述题三个，共50分1）functions of language，并举例子15分2）syntactic relations 并举例子15分3）the relations of language and culture及怎么看待Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis20分基础英语题型1.单选10个，10分。

纯单词考察，并不涉及语法2.阅读理解4篇，40分。

前三篇ABCD选正确选项最后一篇判断对错，yes/no/not given（一定要细心！细心！细心！认真读题）3.一篇英译汉，一篇汉译英，60分汉译英——快乐的死4.作文40分，350-400字how do you understand \"we are same but different\" when you study literature and linguistics.基础英语就照着专八来就行，前期华研，后期星火，还有专八真题，北语有一年出过专八真题。

翻译也看一下散文108篇，单词就先背专八，再背gre。

日语题型1.选择10分（记得量词考的比较多，就是13课课后那些）2.单词10分（很简单，你就想想“本”都考了，能不简单）3.文法20分（还可以，难度不大）4.阅读20分。

选择题，简答题（自我感觉很简单）5. 翻译20 分日译汉汉译日（初级上内容，简单，记得有一个是“小李周末在公园划了船”）6. 作文20分将来の夢（打不出来“将”，你们知道就好）标日初级上下册要弄懂，这次没有考中级知识点。