英国走在正确但充满风险的道路上-论文

战略博弈：国际秩序调整拉开序幕——英国脱欧对世界的影响2021年6月23日，英国脱欧公投正式进展，最终结果以52%对48%决定了英国退出欧盟。

这一公投结果震动了整个世界，在公投之前，美国总统奥巴马、法国总理奥朗德等重要人物都表态希望英国留在欧盟。

据悉主张留欧的英国首相卡梅伦曾在计票结果留欧派领先时进展庆祝，但最终的结果显然出乎了这位年轻的首相的预料。

英国脱欧不仅仅是造成股市下跌、英镑贬值等等问题，这也是对欧盟的一次重大冲击，特别是对欧盟主导的欧洲一体化而言绝对是一次伤筋动骨的打击。

英国作为曾经的第一大国，曾经的“日不落帝国〞，其在欧盟中的地位绝不是后来参加的希腊、波罗的海三国等国家可以比拟的。

英国在欧盟前身——欧共体第一次扩大时成为欧共体成员国，可以说是欧盟的几大“元老〞，如今“元老〞带头脱欧，对欧盟而言简直是一刀插在了心脏上。

英国脱欧，首先一点就是严重的影响了欧洲一体化进程，英国虽然不是欧元区，但是伦敦作为欧洲第一大金融中心其地位是很高的，英国脱欧之后，需要重新签订大量的金融贸易协定，这对英国本身和欧洲的经济都会造成严重的影响。

特别是欧洲本身还深陷欧债危机、难民潮等问题之中的时候，此时英国的离去，对于欧盟来说是一个严重的挫折，甚至之后欧盟会不会因此解体也还有待观察。

其次，便是英国脱欧对于非欧盟国家的影响。

这其中，俄罗斯对于英国脱欧可以说是“喜大普奔〞，俄罗斯在乌克兰、叙利亚方向都面对着西方国家的战略进攻，虽然叙利亚政府军在俄罗斯的强力支援下还没有丧失政权，乌克兰东部也还是打打停停，但是总体上局势对俄罗斯是不利的。

我们必须要认识到一点就是战争就是烧钱，如今国际油价只有不到50美元，俄罗斯的经济形势是非常严峻的，因为俄罗斯的财政收入严重依赖石油和天然气出口，而欧盟自己也有欧债危机和难民潮没有解决，但是总体而言，欧洲国家财政收入依靠第三产业和高端制造业，相比之下俄罗斯面临的压力更大。

但是，英国脱欧对欧洲金融市场造成了巨大冲击，这对俄罗斯来时是求之不得的事情，金融市场的动乱使得欧洲各国政府不得不抽出手来整顿金融秩序，俄罗斯可以趁此得到喘息的时机，叙利亚和乌克兰内战的走向还未可知。

英国脱欧的看法政治论文范文英国脱欧政治论文篇一：《试论英国脱欧对全球经济的影响》摘要：欧盟的成立有利于欧洲的稳定，促进个成员国经济的发展，提高欧洲的国际地位，并对世界格局变化产生了重要影响。

自欧盟成立以来，不仅欧盟各成员国得到了快速的发展，同时也对全球经济起到了一定的促进作用。

英国作为欧盟成员之一，英国脱离欧盟预示着整个欧盟的政治、经济、外交格局将发生巨大变化，英国脱欧意味着欧盟解体，将对全球经济也会带来巨大影响。

本文就英国脱欧对全球经济的影响进行了相关的分析。

关键词：英国脱欧;全球经济;影响引言在北京时间20__年6月24日13时，英国脱欧派以1680万选票胜利：英国脱离欧盟。

这一结果公布超出了全世界的广泛预期。

作为欧盟成员之一的英国，脱欧结果的公布对国际金融市场带来了巨大的冲击，全球避险情绪不断上升。

在英国宣布脱欧这一结果后，外汇市场大幅度动荡、全球资本市场大幅度下滑，英国脱欧带来的影响到还在持续，使得全球经济面临着巨大的挑战。

面对英国脱欧影响的持续发酵，世界格局也将重新洗牌，面对这样的环境，我国如何应对是一个值得深入研究的话题，需要全面认识英国脱欧对全球经济带来的影响，从而有针对性的做出调整。

一、英国脱欧产生的原因分析从经济利益角度出发，英国作为欧盟成员国之一，在欧盟预算里，英国缴纳的比例约为1/8，按照额度计算是继德法排在第三位的国家。

然而德法利用欧元区内的有利地位，通过欧元区内的差异性利率政策获得了巨大的经济利益，相比而言，英国处于欧元区外，没有得到与之付出对等的好处。

其次，从历史角度出发，英国一直与德法之间存在领土争议问题，英国曾经是欧洲的霸主地位，而随着德法两国的崛起，英国的霸主地位逐渐被动摇，以至于被甩至德法之后排名第三。

再加上民族矛盾、宗教冲突，直接导致欧盟内部出现裂痕，在这样的背景下，英国脱欧也随着产生[1]。

二、英国脱欧对全球经济的影响(一)英国经济增长迟滞在脱欧之前，英国还是欧盟成员之一，依然可以享受到欧盟所带来的福利。

英国公共风险管理的经验启示一、建立全面的风险管理体系英国在公共风险管理领域的经验启示之一是建立全面的风险管理体系。

英国政府建立了一套完善的风险管理政策和机制，确保各种类型的风险都能够得到有效管控和处理。

这包括对自然灾害、公共卫生危机、恐怖袭击等多种风险事件的应对措施，确保在发生风险事件时能够迅速作出应对和处理。

对其他国家的启示是，建立全面的风险管理体系非常重要。

只有当政府和相关部门有能力全面了解各种风险的可能性和影响，才能够采取有效的预防措施和应对措施。

其他国家可以借鉴英国的经验，建立起一套完善的风险管理体系，以提高对各种风险事件的应对能力。

二、强调公众参与和透明度英国在公共风险管理方面的经验启示是强调公众参与和透明度。

英国政府在处理各种风险事件时，非常重视公众的参与和信息透明度，致力于向公众提供及时、准确的信息，并听取公众的意见和建议。

这样一来，公众能够更加了解风险事件的发展状况和应对措施，增强对风险事件的认知和自我保护意识。

对其他国家来说，这是一个非常值得借鉴的经验。

在处理风险事件时，政府需要及时向公众传递信息，建立起公众参与的机制，确保公众能够积极参与应对风险事件的过程，同时也能够增强公众的风险意识和应对能力。

三、建立跨部门合作机制英国公共风险管理的经验启示还包括建立跨部门合作机制。

英国政府在处理各种风险事件时，通常会组建跨部门的应对团队，确保各个部门能够协同合作，共同应对风险事件，最大限度地减少风险带来的损失。

这种跨部门合作机制能够有效整合各种资源，提高应对风险事件的效率和效果。

四、强化预警和应急管理能力其他国家可以从中学习到的经验是，强化预警和应急管理能力非常关键。

政府需要通过各种手段建立起预警机制，提前发现风险事件的迹象，同时也需要建立起完善的应急管理体系，确保在发生风险事件时能够迅速作出应对和处理，将损失降到最低。

On the Rise and Fall of Great BritainID: 2010211926Name: Sherry / 张旸Score:Class: 5摘要：英国的兴衰史犹如抛弧线一般，从一个不起眼的岛国逐渐发展到崛起到达到顶峰最后又逐渐衰落并回到欧洲，回到开始的地方——大西洋上的岛国。

在这起起伏伏的历程中，风云变化，一切都不可预测，万物瞬息变化。

到底是什么导致了它的起伏，是日益聚集的国家意识，是集中统一的王权，是暴力的革命，是生产力的大解放，还是战争？也许这一切都是，又或许它们只是冰山一角。

本文将从三个方面来论述英国兴衰的过程并探究其中的因果关系：英国的崛起，顶峰，到回到欧洲。

最后从文化中的创新和保守对制度的行与废产生的影响出发，总结全篇。

在英国的崛起过程中，本文强调国家意识的形成和统一国家在这个过程中的作用。

毫无疑问的是，英国的封建统治在一定程度上确实为其资本主义的发展创造了条件，起到了铺垫的作用。

其中，对商业贸易和海外殖民的扩张政策的鼓励尤为突出。

当然，因为本身的民族特点，它在崛起中始终保持着中立与欧洲内陆的外交政策。

这些在崛起到到达顶峰的转折过程中都不同程度上发挥着不可替代的作用。

在英国的顶峰时期，本文侧重于两个表现：“日不落帝国”和“世界工厂”。

“日不落帝国”是其殖民统治发展到顶峰的表现，也是它在政治上走出欧洲，站立世界的表现，当然也为后文介绍它的衰落做了一个铺垫。

“世界工厂”，毫无疑问，点明了它在经济上取得的巨大成就。

借此本文进一步探究了英国生产力发展的原因——资产阶级革命和工业革命。

在英国回到欧洲的现状里，本文侧重讲解由于帝国的衰落，殖民地的丧失以及固有文化的保守性而导致英国的衰落。

而它衰落的过程又无一不体现在两次世界大战中，之后英国便沦为二流国家。

这一切归因于文化中的创新与保守在制度行与废上作用。

Abstract：Britain's prosperity and decline history is just like throws the arc to some extent-----develops gradually from a commonplace island country to thecrest,and then gradually declines, finally returns to Europe, returns to the place - - Atlantic's island country,from which it starts. In this fluctuation's course, the wind and cloud changes, all may not predict that myriad things twinkling change.What has caused its fluctuation, is national consciousness which gathers day by day, or is the centralism unified royal power, or is the violence revolution, or is emancipation of productivity , or is it a war? Perhaps they all played a role, or perhaps they were only the tips of the iceberg.This article will elaborate the British prosperity and decline process from three aspects : Britain's rising, the crest, returning to Europe. Simultaneously, it will find out its deep causes behind the surface . At length , it will make a summary on the basis of the influence of its cultural conservatism and creativeness which affected whether the policy was applied or not .On the growth of Great Britain , the article emphasizes the fundamental function of the national consciousness and the unified country . Undoubtedly , Britain's feudal rule, to a certain extent,has created the condition for its capitalism's development and played an upholstery role. Among them, promotion of the development of trade and industry and the encouragement of overseas expansion are outstanding because of their great influence . Of course, foreign policy of preserving the balance of power in Europe is maintaining throughout of the growth owing to its national and cultural characteristics . All of those could not be replaced in the history due to their tremendous benefits on the development of Great Britain.On the prosperity, it attaches great importance to the two aspects :"the Sun-Never-Setting Empire" and "workshop of the world " . The former one indicated its top colonial rule in the world , as the same time , it showed that Britain had walked out of Europe and stood out in the world. Surely , it also foreshadowed the decline of Britain because of its empire . "workshop of the world " reflected its great achievement on the economy ,which led us to think over its causes :The English Bourgeois Revolution and The Industrial Revolution.On the Europe's present situation , this article stresses the explanation as a result of the empire decline, colony forfeit as well as the inherent cultural conservative nature on Britain's decline. But its decline manifests in two world wars, afterward Britain then degenerates into the second-class country. All in all , the cultural creativeness and conservatism plays great role in the application and the abandonment of policy .Key words: growth--prosperity--back to Europe creativeness--conservatismContentI Growth of England1.1The English Nation AwarenessThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made up of Great Britain , Northern Ireland , and a number of smaller islands around them . That is to say , U.K is a island country in the Atlantic ocean , with a population of about 56 million and a total area of some 240000 square kilometres . It is a very small country in the sense of its area and population. But just as this island country , it first stood in the forest of nations , leaving us a trail of questions to evaluate and think about the reason .As far as I am concerned , in the light of community and peoples , nation awareness takes the priority over other reasons and becomes one of its foundation of strong nation . It is the nation awareness that makes people unite as a whole and fight as an one , which , undoubtedly , will be of great benefit for nation power and country prosperity . I will explain it in the following parts .Dating back to ancient times , it was more like a history of being invaded and plundered. For instance, the Roman army, commanded by Julius Caesar , invades England in the first century B.C.. In the first century A.D., the Roman army invaded it for the second time. After that , invaders from Ireland and Scotland began to plunder and kill the weak and defenseless Britons in England . Finally came to Anglo-Saxons , who helped English fight against its enemy ,but refused to go and settled down finally . It was not an end of invasion . There came a new wave of invasion and colonization which produced lasting influence on parts of Britain . It was an invasion by the Danes from North Europe. What should be emphasized is that those invaded Britain not at the same time . They came stringing along for more than one hundred and fifty years, a few boatloads at a time . Each batch of invaders had a chieftain or king, so England at that time was divided into many kingdoms .Though warring and fighting , the number of kingdoms was gradually reduced and finally all England was united under one king .The reduction of kingdoms takes a very small part of wakening nation awareness . It was the Hundred Y ears' War between England and France that made a big difference of nation awareness . Briefly speaking , because of the appearance of Parliament , the England gradually developed into a strong nation and the bourgeoisie had gained more say on state affairs. Since trade was still the main source of wealth for the new-born bourgeoisie , it certainly desired to expand markets while the nobility was covetous of rich land on the Continent . During about the same time , France had also become a strong state. It also wanted t enlarge its spheres of influence. Hence the conflict between these two countries along with the English king's desire to regain lost territory led to the Hundred Y ears' War.The result of the war deprived the English king of his possessions on the continent . But it wakened the nation awareness in the English people's mind . After losing their territory on the continent, the ruling Normans began to regard England as their home and think of themselves as belonging to the English nation.From then on , the English people did not take "England" just as a name of geography for granted , they knew they were different from those states in the continent . They were civilians of the same country . That meant a lot . That is to say , they were not separated as thousand but united as an one , no matter what they were going to pursue or what they were to confront with , they would be bound up together for their common interests and the future of their generations . As the saying of President Lincoln "united as we stand , divided as we fall ." . That is the magic of nation awareness --- Unity.1.2 Concentration of State PowerAs I have mentioned , in the Hundred Y ears' War , the nation awareness has been increased greatly , simultaneously , as the end of the Wars of theRoses came to the new age in English history . Simply speaking , the war has greatly reduced the power of nobles and destroyed many big feudal households , hence , the position of the Tudor Monarchy , which ascended the throne in the person of King Henry VII, was greatly strengthened . The advantages of this were the concentration of state power , which , in the other hand , was of benefit to the Growth of England . We can have a short look from its policies .●Promotion of the development of trade and industry●Foreign policy of preserving the balance of power in Europe●Encouragement of piracy●Encouragement of overseas expansionThose policies played a great role in the growth of England , not only in international market , but also in the accumulation of wealth . It helped to prepare the conditions for the establishment of the capitalist mode of production in England and need for capitalist development .T aken the two factors into consideration , the Tudor Monarchy served as the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in English history . It prepared soil for a centralized government and helped the increase of bourgeoisie .1.3 TransitionWith the awareness of nation and the concentration of power, the England has come to its new stage . At that stage, many adventures had happened , among which we should pay attention to three events related three aspects of its growth . That is the fast development of clothing industry,the discovery of New Lands and the Renaissance in England .●Development of clothingOwing to its warm moist climate and lush grasslands, the clothing industry has developed rapidly , under the ruling of the Tudor Monarchy . What shouldbe emphasized is that the clothing industry showed its capitalist nature -----Property right was separated from production and labour was divided into several parts . Its development encouraged other industries growth and renewed the national economy . The immediate industry was the sheep-farming industry ,which ,directly aroused the appearance of Enclosures .Tudor Monarchy did not forbid the action , on the contrary , in some degree , promoted the development of clothing industry and the Enclosures . It is the transition from attachment of mercantilism to industry. As a result , the accumulation of capital rapid . A new class , the capitalist class , was growing rapidly .●Discovery of New LandsWith the development of commodity production and international trade , England felt the impact resulting from the shortage of gold and silver , as well as the market. They desperately need to strength the links with Asia and else where .But the traditional routes from Europe to Asia were cut off because of the robbery started by the Mongols and the Turks who captured Constantinople in 1453. In order to solve the problem , during the 15th century and 16th century , many explorers flocked from Europe to Asia and America.The discovery of New Lands and adventurous voyages enlarged man's field of vision and broke the old traditional mentality, speeding up social and economic development . During this time , the England has increased its social stature around the world . It is the transition of the beginning of the world power and nation statures .●Renaissance in EnglandThe Renaissance was not started in the England firstly, and , to some degree , it came to England very late compared to European countries . It was during the Tudor Monarchy that Renaissance finally found its way to England and played a great role in the mental field of English . As a matter of fact, TudorMonarchy supported and witnessed the spreading of the Renaissance .The Renaissance was a great emancipation movement in the spiritual world. It attached great importance to the human happiness and power . From that on , people discovered their creative power and began to believe that man could make wonders through their own efforts. And they had the right to enjoy beauty in the life and strive to make it happier . It is the transition of humans knowledge and beliefs .1.4 ConflictGenerally speaking , the England has gradually grown and everything has been prepared for its prosperity but the feudalism . Even though the Tudor Monarchy seemed done much to its capitalism development, its descent chose an upright down road , which leaves us a trail of imagination of the future .II The Prosperity of EnglandAs we have discussed in the previous parts, the nation awareness ,the unity of a British kingdom and the polices during the Tudor Monarchy have prepared soil for the development of England , but its peak time is not coming yet , until the Industrial Revolution. Of course , there are more reasons contributing to its prosperity . In the following parts, we will continue discussing about some important events in the British history , together with analyses behind the surface .This part will be divided into three small parts---the English Bourgeois Revolution ,Industrial Revolution , the expansion of colonization .The English Bourgeois Revolution , politically , ended the feudalism and started the establishment of capital management . While the Industrial Revolution , basically , promoted the productivity , which absolutely has an entire impact on its society both politically and economically ,as long as culturally . The expansion of colonization , is the direct reason of being a sun-never-setting empire . Its influence will be discussed in the following part, owing to its immediate relationship with England decline .2.1 The English Bourgeois RevolutionIt broke out in the 17th century. On one hand , the Wars of the Roses , the Enclosures, the Reformation and the geographical discovery of the New World had greatly weakened the feudal noble class and sped up "primitive accumulation of capital". On the other hand , the relations between the Monarchy and the bourgeoisie became worse after the Elizabeth's reign .James I was capable , knowledge , vigorous and energetic but very despotic . His "Diving Right of Kings " was not good for the development of capitalism . He alienated himself from so many people that class contradictions became acute and complicated because of his behaviours and stubborn beliefs . But yet , he managed his reign . However , after his death , Charles I was not that lucky like his father , JameI. Charles I was incapable , stubborn , war-like , despotic and tyranny . During those years , economic conditions were deteriorating. Finally , the English Bourgeois Revolution broke out .The revolution was not soothing but complicated . Until the parliament declared the throne vacant and proclaimed Williarm and Mary t be joint sovereign . This is called Glorious Revolution . As a matter of fact , this marked the real beginning of the constitutional monarchy in the England . After that , the main concern in the kingdom was shifted from internal political struggle to economic problems and foreign expansion .2.2 the Industrial RevolutionStarting in the textile industry in the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution is an emancipation of productivity . It began after the Bourgeois Revolution ,partly because the Britain focused its effort on economic development . It means the invention and appliance of various machines in production and the changes which transformed Britain from a predominantly rural and agricultural country into a mainly urban and manufacturing one.As a matter of fact , the Industrial Revolution changed the whole England , ranging from the industrial transition to the social life and culture . But at thispart , we focus more on the production capacity . After the revolution , England was entitled as the "workshop of the world " . English products flooded the world market . At that time , no country was strong enough to match England in the 19th century . And this is what I called "Peak".2.3 the Sun-Never-Setting EmpireThe Industrial Revolution had greatly promoted its productivity . More factories had been built . More goods had been produced . But capital class found it hard to make them satisfied because of the shortage of market . What's more, with the application of machines , the higher unemployment gave birth to the viewpoint that Britain was overpopulated . So the expansion of colony was put on the table . As a result , England tried everything they could to expense its colony . It suppressed the revolt of the Canadians , started the Opium War against China in 1840,fought the Russians in the crimea War, and took over the control in India and so forth . At that time , England was named "the Sun-Never-Setting Empire". This is another evidence that England had reached its peak .2.4 Party's polityPolitically , England reached its peak because of being the first country of Party's polity . If we call America as the top powerful country in the world nowadays , then we could call Britian as a leader at that time .III Back to EuropeWe have discussed the growth and prosperity in the previous parts , and we will discus its decline in the following parts .Owing to its culture , Britain people are conservative. This character does no good when it comes to reforming and apply new theory . When the second industrial revolution took place, Britain was too addicted into its previous success and its glory , thus it did not catch the opportunity well . What's more , the sun-never-setting empire pulled its pace back due to the complexity of colonies and the extend of power control . Finally , it became a burden of itsdevelopment because Britain thought it could rely on the colonies and achieved what other countries did . T o some degree , it is true , but just in short terms.The War I and War II proved the decline of Britain. After that , Britain became the second-classed developed country , even nowadays .During its growth , Britain started to walk out of itself and the Europe ; at its peak, Britain dominated the world and became the leader of the world ; now, it came back to Europe and itself .IV Conclusion and ReflectionThroughout the Rise and Fall of Great Britain, there is a rule all over its history . The rule is conservatism and creativeness . When we view the history , we could find that during its growth and prosperity , it is the creativeness that lead its development . Its obvious application was the policies' establishment and abandonment . While during its decline , it is the conservatism that played the big picture . Similarly , we could find clues in the application of new theory .Studying the history will help us find our own way of developing and adjusting as we could learn lessons from it ,whether it is a success or failure . According to the rise and fall of Britain ,what we should do , as a developing country at the challenge and opportunity filling stage , is to catch the opportunity and encourage reforming and study new theory . On in this way can we pace with fast developing world and make a difference right now and in the future .Reference:An Outline Introduction to Britain and America 河南第二新华印刷厂印刷1995年11月第三版第1页到212页论文参考“英国兴衰的启示：制度创新的行与废”张玲玲/姜守明论文页数190～193页2006年2006月论文网/paper_22125841/ 《英国：从称霸世界到回归欧洲》刘成、刘金源和吴庆宏（三秦出版社，2005年5月版）。

围绕英国现代运河兴衰及经验教训的作文《运河的兴衰史》哎呀妈呀，说起英国那些老运河，我可是有一大堆故事要讲！这些运河啊，就像咱们中国的长城一样，历史悠久，见证了无数的变迁。

但是呢，它们也经历了不少风风雨雨，有的甚至因为种种原因而消失不见了。

今天，我就来给大家讲讲英国的运河是怎么从兴盛到衰败，再到重获新生的故事。

话说在工业革命那会儿，英国可真是热闹非凡，到处都是机器轰鸣的声音。

人们为了运输货物，开始修建了许多运河。

这些运河就像是一条条大动脉，把各地的资源和市场紧密地连接起来。

一时间，英国的经济就像开了挂一样，飞速发展。

好景不长。

随着科技的进步和交通方式的改变，传统的运河运输逐渐失去了优势。

人们开始更多地依赖铁路和公路，不再需要那么长的水路。

这样一来，许多原本繁忙的运河变得冷清了起来，甚至有的运河因为长期无人问津而慢慢干涸了。

不过呢，这并没有让英国人放弃对运河的热爱。

他们开始反思，为什么自己的运河会落得如此田地？是不是可以借鉴其他国家的经验，让运河重新焕发生机？于是，他们开始着手修复那些已经干涸的运河，同时引进新的技术和理念，让运河变得更加智能和环保。

就这样，英国的运河慢慢地又开始恢复了往日的繁华。

它们不仅成为了城市景观的一部分，还成为了人们休闲娱乐的好去处。

有时候，我走在运河边，看着那些古老的船只在水面上缓缓行驶，心里就感觉特别踏实。

当然了，英国的运河也不是一帆风顺的。

它们也曾遇到过各种困难和挑战，比如环境污染、水资源短缺等等。

但正是这些困难，让它们变得更加坚韧和智慧。

每当我看到那些努力工作的运河工人，我就深深地感到敬佩。

他们用自己的双手和智慧，为这座城市的发展做出了巨大的贡献。

总的来说，英国的运河虽然经历了很多波折，但它们最终还是成功地走出了困境，成为了英国文化的重要组成部分。

我想，这也是我们每个人都应该学习的吧——无论遇到什么困难，都要勇敢地去面对，去克服，最后一定能够取得成功。

好了，今天的分享就到这里啦。

围绕英国现代运河兴衰及经验教训的作文哎呀，说起英国的运河啊，那可是一段传奇的历史。

你知道吗，早在公元前43年，罗马人就已经开始修建运河了。

不过真正让英国运河闻名于世的，还得感谢工业革命时期的那些伟人。

那时候，英国的运河可谓是举世无双。

从伦敦到伯明翰，从曼彻斯特到利物浦，运河贯穿了整个国家。

这些运河不仅方便了人们的出行，还促进了商品的流通，推动了经济的发展。

可惜好景不长，随着时代的变迁，这些运河逐渐失去了往日的辉煌。

为啥会这样呢？原因可多了。

随着火车、汽车等现代交通工具的出现，人们对于运河的需求逐渐减少。

运河的维护成本越来越高，而收益却越来越低。

环境污染问题也让越来越多的人望而却步。

还有一些人认为，现代社会已经不需要这些古老的运河了。

我们也不能否认运河的一些优点。

比如说，它们曾经是人们出行的主要方式之一，也是城市文化的重要组成部分。

而且，现在的一些运河也被改造成了旅游景点，吸引了很多游客前来观光。

但是，总的来说，英国的现代运河已经走到了尽头。

它们曾经的辉煌已经成为了历史，而现在我们需要做的，就是从中吸取教训，为未来的发展提供借鉴。

我们要认识到科技的重要性。

在那个时代，正是科技的进步才让运河得以建设和发展。

所以，我们不能忽视科技的作用，要不断地提高自己的科技水平。

我们要注重环境保护。

现在的社会已经意识到了环境问题的严重性，所以我们不能再像过去那样肆意破坏环境。

相反，我们应该努力保护好我们的家园。

我们要学会适应变化。

这个世界在不断地变化着，我们不能一味地坚持过去的做法。

只有不断地学习新知识、接受新观念，才能跟上时代的步伐。

哎呀，说了这么多，感觉自己都快变成一个哲学家了。

不过话说回来，这些道理其实都是相通的。

无论是古代还是现代，我们都应该牢记这些教训，为自己的未来打下坚实的基础。

英国公共风险管理的经验启示英国是世界上最先进的公共风险管理国家之一，其经验对于其他国家具有很强的借鉴意义。

以下是英国公共风险管理经验的几点启示。

第一，有效的政府领导是实现公共风险管理的基础。

英国政府从中央到地方都非常重视公共风险管理工作，建立了完善的机构和组织体系，为公共风险管理提供了坚实的基础。

此外，英国政府还制定了一系列法律和政策措施，以加强对公共风险的监测、评估和应对等方面的管理。

第二，科学技术是提高公共风险管理能力的重要手段。

英国政府在公共风险管理方面广泛应用现代科学技术，如卫星遥感、气象预报、地球物理勘探等，大大提高了风险识别和评估的精度和准确度。

此外，应用先进的信息技术手段，如数据挖掘、机器学习等，也为公共风险管理提供了强大的支撑。

第三，强化公众参与和沟通是有效管理公共风险的重要途径。

英国政府非常注重公众参与和沟通，在制定政策和应对措施时，广泛征求公众意见和建议，并及时向公众提供信息和解释，以确保公众对政策和措施的理解和支持。

这样可以有效提高公众在应对公共风险中的参与度和配合度，增强应对风险的效果。

第四，加强跨部门、跨层级协作是提高公共风险管理能力的必要条件。

英国政府在公共风险管理方面注重协同工作，强化不同部门之间、不同层级之间的协作和沟通，打破部门之间的壁垒，实现共同应对风险的目标。

在应对突发事件时，政府各部门之间的协调和配合得到了充分体现。

第五，不断总结经验和提高管理能力是实现公共风险管理的关键。

英国政府在公共风险管理方面不断总结经验和提高管理能力，建立了完善的管理体系和风险管理标准，使风险管理工作得到了有力的保障。

此外，英国政府还积极参与国际合作和交流，借鉴吸收其他国家的经验和做法，不断提高自身的管理水平。

综上所述，英国公共风险管理的经验对于其他国家具有很强的借鉴意义。

有效的政府领导、科学技术支撑、公众参与和沟通、跨部门、跨层级协作、不断总结经验和提高管理能力，是有效管理公共风险的关键。

英国学者对本次金融危机有哪些反思对整个金融系统而言，预测风险远比评估任何一项专门的金融工具或是贷款要困难得多。

因为，没有一个独立机构可以判断出一系列互相有联系的不平衡是怎样被汇总到一起的，再加上人们的从众心理以及对金融和政策领袖们的盲目崇拜，这就形成了一个危险局面。

个体的风险由于其微小而可能被察觉，但整个系统的风险由于是十分巨大的，反而被漠视。

⊙国家统计局刘冰黄峰去年7月下旬，英国社会科学院（BRITISH ACADEMY）Tim Besley教授和Peter Hennessy教授联名给女王陛下写了一封信，对本次金融危机做了简明扼要的解释。

由于这是写给女王陛下的信，某种程度上也反映了部分英国学者对本次金融危机的认识，从经济思想层面看，这是有意义的；从决策参考层面看，也是有启发价值的。

借此，将这封信的主要内容翻译介绍出来，也作为人们了解发达经济体想法的一种尝试。

在给女王的信中，教授们写道：去年（2008年）11月您访问伦敦政治经济学院时，曾正式提出疑问：“为何没有人注意到经济危机严重到如此地步？”就此提问，英国社会科学院于2009年6月17日特意举办了研讨会进行商谈，来自政府、学院、商业及经济管理部门的各界专家参加讨论并提出各自观点，现将各位与会专家的观点整理出来供您参考，希望可以解答您的问题。

事实上有很多人预测到了此次危机。

然而，却没有人能够预测到危机发生的具体形式、开始时间及其猛烈程度。

在这种情况下，不仅仅要预测到问题的实质，还要预测到发生的时间。

而且还要找到处理危机的行动意愿并确保政府作为权力部门做出正确判断并及时采取行动解决问题。

曾有许多警告指出金融市场及全球经济的不平衡。

例如，国际清算银行曾反复强调金融市场没有正确反映出风险的真正大小。

我们英国的银行在两年一次的金融稳定报告中也曾就此做出警告。

风险管理一直被认为是金融市场中非常重要的一部分。

我们英国的一家主要银行，现在已是一家国有银行，就以拥有4000个风险管理师而闻名。

英国公共风险管理的经验启示
一、政府应该高效地响应危机
如果政府不能及时做出应对反应，就很难保护公民的安全。

英国政府在应对2017年曼彻斯特恐怖袭击事件中表现出色，政府相关部门快速协作，迅速关闭受影响区域同时及时发布信息，告知民众避开该区域。

这次事件引起了全国乃至全球对英国人民的同情和支持。

二、强调预防
预防比治疗更为重要。

英国在预防公共风险方面做得非常出色。

例如，英国政府在爆发禽流感和猪流感时通过对动物和食品的检测来减少疫情的发生。

在健康方面，英国政府鼓励公民采取健康生活方式，减少因不健康生活方式引起的健康问题。

三、灾后重建
当公共风险事件发生时，对灾后重建的管理和规划十分重要。

英国政府在重建方面有丰富的经验。

例如，英国政府在伦敦地铁连环爆炸事件后，全面评估英国的反恐措施并加强边境安保。

此外，英国政府提出了“重建和谐”的理念，这一理念强调在重建过程中促进社会团结和社区合作。

总之，英国在公共风险管理方面有着良好的经验和实践。

政府应该及时响应危机，注重预防，认真规划灾后重建等，以减少公共风险对社会的影响。

围绕英国现代运河兴衰及经验教训的作文英国的运河，曾经是这个国家的骄傲。

它们像一条条巨龙，蜿蜒在这片土地上，为人们的生活带来了极大的便利。

随着时代的发展，这些运河逐渐失去了往日的辉煌，甚至有些已经湮没在历史的长河中。

那么，英国现代运河的兴衰究竟是如何的呢？我们又可以从中学到哪些经验教训呢？让我们回到那个充满浪漫与激情的时代。

在18世纪，英国的运河网络达到了巅峰。

那时的人们相信，只要有了运河，就能让整个国家变得更加繁荣昌盛。

于是，他们投入了大量的人力、物力和财力，修建了一条条运河，连接了英国的南北东西。

这些运河成为了货物运输的重要通道，也成为了人们休闲娱乐的好去处。

那时候的运河，无疑是英国的一张名片。

好景不长。

随着工业革命的到来，铁路逐渐取代了运河的地位。

铁路的出现，使得货物的运输更加快捷、方便，而且成本更低。

这使得运河的优势逐渐被削弱，最终导致了运河的衰落。

而那些曾经辉煌一时的运河，如今也只剩下了一些残垣断壁，让人感慨万分。

那么，英国现代运河的兴衰究竟给我们留下了哪些宝贵的经验教训呢？我们要认识到科技的发展是不可阻挡的。

在那个时代，人们还沉浸在运河带来的美好幻想中，没有意识到科技的进步将会改变一切。

事实证明，只有紧跟时代的步伐，才能在这个竞争激烈的社会中立足。

因此，我们应该时刻保持警惕，关注科技的发展动态，以便及时调整自己的发展方向。

我们要学会适应变化。

正如前面所说，随着工业革命的到来，运河的优势逐渐被削弱。

面对这种变化，有些人选择坚持原有的方式，结果只能是越来越落后；而有些人则选择改变自己，适应新的形势，最终取得了成功。

因此，我们应该学会在面对变化时，勇敢地做出调整，以适应新的环境。

我们要珍惜历史。

虽然现在的运河已经不再辉煌，但它们曾经为我们的国家做出了巨大的贡献。

我们应该尊重历史，从中汲取经验教训，以便更好地发展未来。

英国现代运河的兴衰给我们留下了深刻的教训。

我们应该时刻保持警惕，关注科技的发展动态；学会适应变化，勇敢地做出调整；珍惜历史，从中汲取经验教训。