静安区2023 学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷（满分140 分，完卷时间120 分钟）2023 年12 月考生注意：1. 完卷时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。
2. 本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共10 页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gallery. B. At the barber’s.C. In a restaurant.D. At the tailor’s.2. A. Fellow workers. B. Family members.C. Doctor and patient.D. Driver and passenger.3. A. Choosing psychology. B. Choosing economics.C. Neither is a good choice.D. Choosing a major of interest.4. A. She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B. She did not inform the man of her delay in advance.C. She wasn’t really caught in the traffic jam.D. She wasn’t always late for the appointment.5. A. It was lost and won’t be found.B. It was transferred to a different city.C. It was delivered to her hotel already.D. It was stolen during her trip.6. A. He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B. He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C. He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D. He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A. They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B. There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C. Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D. They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A. She has already been to the café.B. She is not interested in going to the café.C. She knows about the café but hasn’t visited it.D. She wants to go to the café right away.9. A. She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B. She expects the man to take mum to Brain’s new house.C. She expects the man to celebrate mum’s birthday together.D. She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10. A. The fantastic and high-quality camera.B. The need for better internet connectivity.C. Their favorite photography techniques.D. The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation , you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on thefollowing passage.11. A. Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B. Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C. Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D. Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12. A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B. Removing outdated black and white taxis.C. Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D. Making advertisements on old vehicles.13. A. Because customers are more friendly and richer.B. Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C. Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D. Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on thefollowing passage.14. A. Canceling all the gifts.B. Applying a ‘one-gift ’rule.C. Giving children less time to play.D. Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15. A. Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B. Buying a hand-made craft product.C. Giving something that won’t cost money.D. Giving an experience of something new.16. A. The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B. The importance of buying gifts for children.C. The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D. The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions 17 through 20 are based on thefollowing conversation.17. A. By trading physical items.B. By exchanging artistic creativity.C. By hosting art exhibitions.D. By making artistic advertisements.18. A. Painting and writing.B. Graphic design and photography.C. Music and album cover design.D. Video editing and project management.19. A. Members can benefit without efforts.B. Members can make money by providing artistic services.C. Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D. Members can have access to the creative exchange list.20. A. Competitive individualism.B. Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C. Individual fame in the art field.D. Material collaboration and exchange.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Japan’s robot revolution in senior careJapan’s artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry, with __21__ (specialize) robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers. Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots __22__ deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population __23__ (eye) by the government as a potential market for medical technology now. Disappointing government predictions show that by 2025, Japan’s first baby boomers will have turned 75 and about 7 million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia （痴呆）. The nation won’t be able to avoid a dementia crisis __24__ an additional 380,000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government __25__ (simplify) procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified. The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia, under __26__ Economic Partnership Agreement, was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery, and construction sectors.__27__ the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers, the target number offoreign graduates has still fallen flat, with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely 106 students last year, __28__ has slightly improved to 216 students this year. Another depressing reality is that 19 to 38 percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home, __29__ (cite) tough work conditions and long hours. Given the challenges, this is __30__ the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Sea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus, a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska’s southeastern __31__ near Disenchantment Bay. The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers, it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined , __32__ , as one that starts flowing at least 10 times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood, although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the __33__ of glacial surging.During Turner’s surges, the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly 3 feet a day to 65 feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea-level rise, and current climate change models don’t __34__ account for these movements. For example, Gree nland’s glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise. Since the early 2000s, Greenland __35__ from not having any effect on world sea levels, to increasing sea level by about 1 millimeter per year. Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting. The other half, however, is because glaciers in Greenland are, as a whole, moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier. Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes. When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier, it starts to move, partly because it’s lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it’s __36__ the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier, and how does the movement __37__ the glacier’s speed? Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus, some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University, __38__ onto the ice in August. They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters. They placed roughly 30instruments, burying them deeply into the glacier and __39__them on rock outcroppings （露岩）alongside the glacier. This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries. Those instruments will __40__ on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops, providing researchers with before and after data.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite. __41__, recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess returns would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts. They compute that, during the last 35 years, investing in the 10 percent of U.S. stocks analysts were most __42__ about would have yielded on average 3 percent a year. __43__, investing in the 10 percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising 15 percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this __44__ with the help of cognitive sciences and, in particular, using Kahneman and Tversky’s concept of representativeness. Decision makers, according to this view, __45__ the representative features of a group or a phenomenon. These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth —the explanation goes —analysts think that the firm may be the next Google. “Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth, which makes them __46__. The problem is that “Googles”are very __47__ in absolute terms. As a result, expectations become too optimistic, and future performance __48__. A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics（动态变化）of stock returns.In related work, the authors also show that the same model can __49__ booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at __50__ them into economic models. Kahneman and Tversky’s concept of “representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort. “In a classical example, we __51__ to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,” Prof. Gennaioli says. “However, only 10 percent of Irishmen are redheads. In our work, we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the __52__ of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe __53__ and behavior in different fields, not only in financial markets. One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups. In a recent experimental paper, Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence, and in particular the __54__ of women to compete in traditionally male subjects, such as mathematics. A slight prevalence of __55__ male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women, driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41. A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. Meanwhile42. A. curious B. controversial C. concerned D. optimistic43. A. In brief B. By contrast C. In addition D. Without doubt44. A. engagement B. concentration C. puzzle D. definition45. A. memorize B. prioritize C. modernize D. fertilize46. A. representative B. argumentative C. executive D. sensitive47. A. harsh B. adaptable C. crucial D. rare48. A. cheers B. disappoints C. stabilizes D. improves49. A. account for B. count on C. suffer from D. hold up50. A. pouring B. admitting C. integrating D. tempting51. A. pretend B. afford C. offer D. tend52. A. effects B. delights C. intervals D. codes53. A. companions B. scales C. expectations D. findings54. A. necessity55. A. equivalent B. involvementB. exceptionalC. perseveranceC. mysteriousD. reluctanceD. distressingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother’s support was vital for some important decisions, such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents ’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were bare, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs （面包屑）that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be nurtured, Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists（法西斯主义者）first came into power in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her movement. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori’s values had always been about human respect, and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools ’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81.56. The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was .A. her family’s supportive influence on her educationB. her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC. her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD. her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men57. What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A. Providing standardized, one-size-fits-all learning materials.B. Encouraging strict discipline and control over children’s actions.C. Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D. Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58. Montessori decided to leave Italy in 1934 because .A. she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB. she wanted to avoid the Fascist’s influence on her workC. she was offered a better job in a different countryD. she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59. Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A. Observant and innovative.B. Traditional and emotional.C. Progressive and dependent.D. Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit. In addition to improving the well-being of workers, cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions. But those benefits would depend on a number of factors, experts emphasize, including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions. A November 2021 survey of 2,000 employees and 500 business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week, the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691 million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated, experts said, if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling, particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage, experts said. According to a 2006 paper, if the United States adopted European work standards, the country would consume about 20 percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity. For example, if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day, that would help lower consumption — less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt’s possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways, such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they’re time-stressed. Meanwhile, some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities, such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment, we focus on the tangible, but actually, in a way, the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,” experts said.60. What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A. The well-being of employees.B. The conservation of energy.C. Commuting and travel.D. The European work standard.61. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible” inthe last paragraph?A. People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B. People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C. People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D. People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62. The passage is mainly written to .A. highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB. provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC. analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD. illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized, and has evolved on at least 15 separate occasions.There are more than 200 species of ant in the Americas that farm fungi（真菌）for food, but this trait evolved just once sometime between 45 million and 65 million years ago. Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria: the ants plant the fungus, care for it, harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast, while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants, none were regarded as true agriculture. But in 2016, Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich, Germany, discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bark of trees. As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domatia that the ants nest in. The ants defecate （排便）at designated absorptive places in these domatia, providing nutrients for the plant. In return, as well as shelter, the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked. “They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,” says Chomicki, who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK. “It’s definitely widespread.”The team identified 37 examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes（附生植物）.By looking at the family trees of the ant species, the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when. Fifteen is a conservative estimate, says Campbell. All the systems evolved relatively recently, around 1 million to 3 million years ago, she says.Whether the 37 examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used. Not all of the species get food from the plants, but they do rely on them for shelter, which is crucial for ants living in trees, says Campbell. So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63. According to biologists, why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A. Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B. Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C. Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D. Because it is less common than previously thought.64. What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A. They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B. They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C. They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D. They never identified any ant species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65. Which of the following statements is supported by the team’s findings according to the passage?A. Ants ’ cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B. The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C. True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D. Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least 15 distinct occasions.66. What is the passage mainly about?A. The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B. The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C. The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D. The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you? Would it be a good thing? And if you did have one, would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving licence all feature your face. __67__ You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word ‘doppelgänger’ refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not identical twins, as a doppelgänger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. __68__So, let’s get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There’s said to be a one in 135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double wasn’t always a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. __69__ In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!__70__ The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor. It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However, as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience, you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitivecheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders ’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling （翻腾运动）ability.It’s a very common thing for gymnasts,so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance. Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women.Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。
