广东财经大学613英语水平考试2020年考研专业课真题试卷

欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 1 页）广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2014年 考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. pragmatics2. diachronic linguistics3. allophones4. morpheme5. cohesion6. cognitive linguistics7. hyponymy 8. contrastive analysis9. American structuralism 10. Language Acquisition Device (LAD)二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.2. Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.3. [m] is a “bilabial lateral”, [j] a “palatal approximant”, and [h] a “glottal fricative”.4. Relevance is a matter of degree. The larger effect produced, the greater the relevance; the smaller effort cost, the greater the relevance.5. Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?2. Divide the following words into Roots, IA (inflectional affix) and/or DA (derivational affix).e.g. transformations: trans (DA)- form (Root) –ation (DA) -s (IA)1) unconscious2) earthquakes 3) misled 4) geese3. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more complicated examinations” by means of IC analysis.4. Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence: The kid broke a vase yesterday.5. Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following conversation?A: So you like icecream. What are your favourite flavours?B: Hamburger … fish and chips.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics?2. Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:Each language articulates or organises the world differently. Languages do not simply name existing categories; they articulate their own.1。

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2020年612-马克思主义基本原理概论(自命题)（1）名词解释（6题，每小题5分，共30分）1．马克思主义体系---------导论2．意识的能动性-----------第一章物质与意识3．矛盾分析法-------------第一章辩证法4．价值规律---------------第四章资本主义的本质及规律5．真理的客观性、绝对性和相对性----------第二章实践与认识-真理与价值6．资本主义意识形态-------第四章资本主义的本质及规律（2）辨析题（5题，每小题6分，共30分）1．哲学就是世界观。

2．任何量变都会引起质变。

3．在社会主义社会中，生产关系的公有化程度越高，越能促进生产力的发展。

4．剩余价值的产生，不在流通领域，与流通领域无关。

5．工人的工资是劳动的价值或价格。

（3）简答题（5题，每小题10分，共50分）1．简述人民群众推动历史发展的决定性作用的表现。

2．简述物质资料的生产方式是社会发展的决定力量。

3．简述社会意识的相对独立性。

4．简述如何正确把握科学社会主义一般原则。

5．简述马克思主义经典作家预见未来社会的方法论原则。

（4）论述题（2题，每小题20分，共40分）1．试述感性认识与理性认识辩证关系的原理及其理论、现实意义。

2．党的十九大报告把我国社会主要矛盾的表述修改为“人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾”。

结合矛盾的普遍性与特殊性辩证关系原理解读这一变化。

作为新时代青年，应担起什么样的使命与责任？广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2019年考试科目代码及名称：612-马克思主义基本原理概论(自命题)一、名词解释（6题，每小题5分，共30分）1.哲学的基本问题；（导论）2.联系的普遍性；（第一章联系与发展）3.矛盾的同一性；（第一章辩证法）4.真理标准的确定性与不确定性；（第二章真理与价值）5.社会存在；6.商品的二因素。

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2020年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、Gap Filling 选词填空（从列表的单词中选择合适的词完成段落/非Cloze选择填空）（30题，每题1分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the gaps numbered 1 to 30 with appropriate words from the word list. There are more words than needed and each word can be used only ONCE. Write down the letters (A to T) representing the words after the numbers 1 to 30 for each passage on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe term “globalization” has been used to 1 describe the profound nature of changes affecting economies, cultures and societies worldwide from the late twentieth century 2 . Anthony Giddens has 3 globalization as “the intensification of worldwide social relations which link 4 localities in such a way that local happenings are 5 by events occurring many miles away and vice versa”.A central feature of the new, global economy which has 6 in the context of intensified relations is that it is 7 . That is to say, the productivity and competitiveness of firms in the new economic order depend on their ability to create, 8 and apply knowledge-based information. Alongside the centrality of information and knowledge, a further 9 feature is the nature of economicorganization which has emerged in late modernity. The central activities of production, consumption and 10 , as well as their components (capital, raw materials, management, information, technology, 11 ), are organized on a global 12 , either 13 or through a network of connections between different economic 14 . The importance of the information technology revolution from the 1970s onwards was that it provided the 15 or the material basis for this new economy.Passage TwoFreud’s The Interpretation of Dreams was published in 1900, a remarkable year that was 16 to change the world’s thinking profoundly. Its 17 reception was saddening – only 351 copies were 18 during the first ten years. Later, its value was 19 realized by scholars, and the book went eight 20 before the death of its author. Now, more than a hundred years has already passed, and it has been 21 into more than a dozen languages. Its influence is far 22 : it has profoundly changed the landscape not only in 23 , but also in literature, art, aesthetics, anthropology, philosophy, education, sociology and other 24 . It is reckoned as one of the three 25 books together with Darwin’s Origins of the Species and Copernicus’De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium.Before Freud, dreams were not seriously considered. It was 26 as superficial, insignificant and 27 . Freud worked as a 28 for many years, dealing with hysteria. He collected many cases and began to think seriously of the 29 between dreams and the psychological condition of patients. In this book, he 30 that dreams were the fulfillment of human wishes.二、Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15题，每题2分，共30分)Directions: The following passage contains 15 errors which are indicated by anumber after the line. In each indicated line there is only ONE error, and for each error, you just need to change ONE word to make it correct. Write down the correct word on the Answer Sheet.Around 1990 a number of architect around the worldbegan developing new architectural solutions to integrate tradition for new social demands and technological possibilities. The struggle between old and new initiate the birth of a new architecture style –the International Style. The international style stresses minimalism and functionalism, rejects all essential decorative elements and is ignorant to regional characteristics. The ideals of the style are also commonly sum up in four slogans: ornament is a crime, truth to materials, form follows function, and “machines for living.” This could be sound explained in light of the Western industrialization. With their rapid development, society was also changing and evolved rapidly. There was a great demand for constructing better and affordable buildings for factories, industries, commercial complexes, and residential purposes. Thus, the overdoing ornamentation of the buildings of the previous eras, that demanded high level of craftsmanship and was time-consuming, gave way in the simple designs.The international style first blossomed in western Europe, and than it began to flourish in the United States, and matured after World War II. Its became the dominant approach in the US for much decades. 1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________7.__________8.__________9.__________10.__________11.__________12.__________13.__________14.__________15.__________三、Sentence Completion 完成句子（根据提供的词，用合适的词的形式完成句子）（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the gaps with the proper forms of the given words. Write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Benjamin Franklin, an American who was at home wherever he went, gainedwide __________ in France and also became well known in England. (popular) 2. Although women have been __________ against unjustly, they had been patientuntil recently. (discrimination)3. As __________ in high places became widespread, the Roman Empire was considerably weakened. (corrupt)4. In response to the self-study problems, this college has evolved programs to meet the ever-__________ needs of its students. (expansion)5. Both animals and humans have been found to cope better with painful or __________ stimuli when they feel they can exercise some degree of control rather than being passive and helpless. (threat)6. Whereas some jobs may make heavier psychological demands than others, certain sorts of people, __________ of their occupation, seem to make heavy psychological demands on themselves – and , as a result, run a greater risk of heart disease. (regard)7. Friendships must be mutually productive. They must not be __________ to either person. (destroy)8. While global warming is __________ an important factor, it does not fully account for these extreme and unusual weather patterns. (doubt)9. Touch may communicate positive emotions mainly between intimates or others who have a _________ close relationship. (relation)10. Modelling is a better way to __________ children than punishment. (social)11. Negative events are more __________ to be reported than positive ones. (like)12. Reforms have brought about rapid __________ growth in China in recent years. (economy)13. Knowledge often results only after __________ investigation. (persist)14. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets andbest-sellers – unread, __________. (touch)15. Real beauty is a ___________ of external and internal beauty. (combine)四、Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answers for the questions numbered 1 to 30. Write down the letter of your choice for each question on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCate Siu is from Hong Kong, but she's a fan of Korean television shows and she keeps up with gossip about Korean celebrities on the Internet. Her favorite is a beautiful soap-opera star, Song Hye Kyo, whose bee-stung lips and feminine features she admires."Korean actresses have prominent and elegant noses," says Ms. Siu, a 25-year-old aspiring actress. "They look so pretty."So, when Ms. Siu decided she'd have a better shot at breaking into the entertainment business after improving her looks with a surgical makeover, she knew where she wanted to go. In April, she flew more than 1,000 miles to a clinic in Seoul for operations to raise the bridge of her nose, make her eyes appear larger, and sharpen her chin.Across Asia, Korea is cool. From fashion to music to film, the country of 48 million people is redefining style. And as notions of Korean beauty become popularized by the country's exploding cultural exports, women from around the region – and some men, too – are flocking to Seoul to have their faces remodeled."A lot of my patients bring a picture of a Korean star from a magazine and say, 'I want to look like that,'" says Chung Jong Pil, a surgeon who runs the Cinderella Plastic Surgery Clinic in a fashionable Seoul neighborhood.Dr. Chung estimates that just under ten percent of his customers come from overseas; the rest are locals. Most of the foreign visitors come from China, he says. Jung Dong Hak, a surgeon who specializes in rhinoplasty, or nose jobs, at another Seoul clinic, says roughly 15 percent of his patients are foreign. That number has beenrising in the past few years. "The increase has been very big since the Korean wave started," he says.1. Where is the article most probably published?A. in an academic journalB. in a science magazineC. in a bookD. in a newspaper2. What kind of lips does Cate Siu like?A. thickB. thinC. smallD. pink3. What kind of nose does Cate Siu want to have?A. tiny and roundedB. large and noticeableC. dark and thinD. flat and delicate4. The name of Chung Jong Pil's clinic derives from _________.A. a novelB. a fairytaleC. a poemD. an essay5. From Dr. Jung we can know that __________.A. most of his foreign customers are the ChineseB. more foreigners than locals take plastic surgery in KoreaC. more and more foreigners come to Korea for plastic surgeryD. most of his customers are localsPassage TwoFrom early adulthood to middle adulthood, people typically experience a strengthening sense of identity, confidence, and self-esteem. In later life, challenges arise. Income shrinks, work is often taken away, the body deteriorates, recall fades, energy wanes, family members and friends die or move away, and the great enemy, death, looms ever closer. It is not surprising that many presume the over-65 years to be the worst of times. But, they are not, as Ronald Inglehart discovered when heamassed interviewed conducted during the 1980s with representative samples of nearly 170,000 people from 16 nations. Older people report as much happiness and satisfaction with life as younger people do.If anything, positive feelings grow after midlife and negative feelings subside. Older adults increasingly use words that convey positive emotions. They attend less and less to negative information. For example, they are slower than younger adults to perceive negative faces. Their amygdale, a neural processing center for emotions, shows diminishing activity in response to negative events while maintaining its responsiveness to positive events. Moreover, the bad feelings we associate with negative events fade faster than do the good feelings we associate positive events. This contributes to most older people’s sense that life, on balance, has been mostly good. Given that growing older is an outcome of living (an outcome nearly all of us prefer to early dying), the positivity of later life is comforting.6. It is generally believed that __________.A. older adults have a stronger sense of identityB. older adults have fewer friendsC. there are many problems associated with older adulthoodD. there is a positive side of older adulthood7. It can be inferred from the passage that Ronald Inglehart is __________.A. a scholarB. an interviewerC. a scientistD. a reporter8. The level of happiness and satisfaction in old age __________.A. is a bout the same as younger people’sB. is obviously different from younger people’sC. is significantly lower than younger people’sD. is significantly higher than younger people’s9. The brain of older people tends to __________.A. notice negative events around them rather than positive onesB. ignore negative events and only notice positive onesC. more quickly forget the negative things that happen and remember the positiveonesD. more quickly forget the positive things that happen and remember the negative ones10. The research results mentioned in the text can contribute to a more __________ attitude toward older adulthood.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. dubiousD. uncertainPassage ThreeToday, in the hospital, surgeons and physicians have equal status. The studies of internal medicine and surgery seem supplementary to each other and are therefore treated equally. We may easily take it for granted that it was the same in the past. In fact, historically speaking, internal medicine and surgery had quite different histories, reputations and professions.In the middle ages, in order to become a physician, one must study in a university first in liberal arts for five years, then in medicine for four years. After the long study was finished, he had to pass strict exams to graduate. He then had to obtain a license in order to begin his practice. In other words, physicians should learn from the books.A true doctor was believed to treat patients with remedies, i.e., medicine, instead of giving physical intervention. Physicians were held in high regard.Surgeons were not ranked as high as physicians. Their profession was viewed as a “trade”(i.e. an occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor; craft), not as an “art”. Clerics used to help ill people, which was a natural calling of the Christian doctrine. But their help usually came in the form of religious prayer, and care for patients. They were forbidden to perform surgery because they were not to “spill blood”. Medical doctors, or physicians, looked down upon the profession as a “trade”beneath them and were unwilling to perform surgeries. The most suitable person for the performance of surgery was the barber, who often dealt with small cuts when they were giving a close shave. They were prepared with bandage and styptics (drugs used to stop bleeding). So when someone had an injury, or an ailment that required cutting, the barber was the most skilled person – he was a tradesman with the necessary skills.Thus the profession was often called the barber surgeon.11. It is a popular illusion that __________.A. surgeons and physician have equal statusB. surgeons and physician enjoyed equal statusC. the studies of internal medicine and surgery are treated equallyD. internal medicine and surgery had different reputations12. Which of the following statements about a physician in the middle ages is FALSE?A. A physician must study 9 years in a university.B. It was hard to become a physician.C. A physician was highly reputed.D. A physician was forbidden to operate on patients.13. What can be known about “clerics” in the past from the passage?A. They could perform surgery.B. It was their mission to help ill people.C. They helped physicians to cure diseases.D. They spilled blood when necessary.14. What can be known about barbers in the past from the passage?A. They were not held in high regard.B. They were respectable members of the society.C. They tried different types of work.D. They tried to become physicians.15. What might be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. The earnings of physicians and surgeons.B. The different lifestyles of physicians and surgeons.C. The different status of physicians and surgeons.D. The different contributions of physicians and surgeons.Passage FourA brush with death can actually improve a person’s outlook on life. That, at least, was one of the major findings of a study of some 200 people who come close to dying. Some had come through heart attack; some had fallen, come close to drowning; or survived a terrible car wreck, yet despite the variety of circumstances, they reported strikingly similar reactions to their experiences.Perhaps most surprisingly, many said they were less frightened of death now than they were before. Like most people, before their near-death incidents many had thought death would be painful, the ultimate horror—but they didn’t find it was.Surviving a nearly fatal experience also gave many people a sense of invulnerability（不会受伤害）that made them feel special and even religious. Several believed they had been saved because they were to fulfill some special mission in the remainder of their lives.Perhaps not so surprisingly, these survivors also reported an increased zest for life and a determination to enjoy life more.A few of the survivors did report negative reactions to their experience. A dozen said they felt more vulnerable, and some even felt a sense of helplessness and a loss of control over their lives. Some had become phobic about activities associated with the accident; for example, several said they could no longer swim for fear of drowning.Yet most of those interviewees said they came away with a strong sense of renewal or rebirth. In studying their reactions researchers have concluded that these people have come to understand the relationship of life and death better and more intimately than most of us, that they have come to understand how life is actually defined by death. Life is given meaning by the fact that it will end someday.16. What have you learned about the effects of near-death experiences on thesurvivors’ life?A. They differ due to the variety of circumstances.B. They vary greatly from person to person.C. They are mostly positive in terms of their outlook on life.D. They are neither positive nor negative.17. "Some had become phobic about activities..."( Line 3, Para. 5) How did they feelexactly?A. very clumsyB. very casualC. very curiousD. very fearful18. W hich of the titles below best expresses the idea of this passage?A. How to Improve a Person’s Outlook on Life.B. The Effects of Near-Death Experiences.C. Is Death Really Horrible?D. Near-Death Accidents and their Survivors.19. T he positive effect of near-death experience was that ______________.A. some people loved life better because they realized its new meaningB. some people got a sense of vulnerability and became religiousC. some people were no longer afraid of death just because they proved to bereligiousD. some people wanted to seek extreme happiness because they knew life was toolimited20. W hich effect of the near-death experience was the one that people had leastexpected?A. Some people felt more vulnerable.B. Some people did not worry too much about death any more.C. Some people paid more attention to the value of life.D. Some people tended to be too pessimistic about death.Passage FiveThe notion that the great apes, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, can imitate one another might seem unsurprising to anyone who has watched these animals playing at the zoo. But in scientific circles, the question of whether apes really do "ape" has become controversial.Consider a young chimpanzee watching his mother crack open a cola nut, as has been observed in the Tai Forest of Africa. In most cases, the youth will eventually takeup the practice himself. How does he learn this? Is it because he copies it from his mother, or does the skill originate solely from trial and error? If the young animal copies adult behavior, then chimpanzees must have the ability to develop cultural traits, i.e. knowledge or skills passed down from generation to generation, instead of by genetic inheritance. However, if the young learns how to crack the nut exclusively by trial and error, then chimpanzees must, in a sense, reinvent the method each time they deal with a nut, and hence, no real cumulative culture can ever develop.The clearest way to establish how chimpanzees learn is through laboratory experiments. A team of scientists at Goldsmith's College, University of London, used artificial fruits to determine whether chimpanzees imitate or not. In a typical experiment, one group of chimpanzees watched a complex technique for opening a fruit, while a second group observed a very different method. Then the researchers recorded the extent to which the chimpanzees had been influenced by the method they observed. They also conducted similar experiments with three-year-old children as subjects. The results demonstrate that six-year-old chimpanzees show imitative behavior markedly like that seen in the children, although the preciseness of their copying tends to be poorer. In another experiment, chimpanzees copied an entire sequence of actions they had witnessed, but did so only after trying some alternatives. This suggests that they tended to imitate what they had observed others doing at the expense of their own trial-and-error discoveries.In the researchers' view, these findings indicate that apes do ape and that this ability forms one strand in cultural transmission. In other words, learning from elders is crucial to growing up as a competent wild chimpanzee.21. The word "ape" (Line 3, Para. 1) in the quotation marks probably means ___________.A. play at the zooB. crack a nutC. imitateD. transmit22. If a chimpanzee cracks a nut solely by trial and error, it suggests that ___________.A. the skill is genetically inheritedB. the skill is learned from othersC. the skill is unique to humansD. the skill is unique to wild animals23. Results from the research mentioned in Para. 3 show that ___________.A. chimpanzees have little ability to imitate although they can open fruits skillfullyB. chimpanzees do imitate although their copying is less faithful than that of childrenC. chimpanzees can open artificial fruits only after observing how others do itD. chimpanzees imitate their elders in a manner different from how children do24. It can be concluded from the passage that ___________.A. chimpanzees in the laboratory are better imitators than those in the wildB. chimpanzees in the laboratory crack nuts differently from those in the wildC. cultural transmission happens at the expense of individual discoveriesD. cultural transmission exists both among wild chimpanzees and in human society25. The main purpose of the passage is ___________.A. to answer a scientific question by providing research findingsB. to explain the procedure of food gathering used by wild animalsC. to compare the differences between animal culture and human cultureD. to illustrate the methods of analyzing young animals' behaviorPassage SixMy friend Peter saunters over with his long-legged, deliberately slow gait, and gives me a pat on the cheek and a squeeze on the arm, which he administers as if he were bestowing a favor. He knows he’s a prize item in this room – a robust, single,intelligent male – and after making some desultory(散漫的) remarks, he proceeds to look around lazily, like a lion surveying his territory in the knowledge that he’s mast er of it. Lydia comes up to us, as usual humming with effusive excitement, her eyes shining as if there were no tomorrow. “Peter!” she exclaims, “you’re just the person I wanted to see! I had a phone call today from a TV station in Germany, and they want to do a show on which I think you should be a consultant. Oh, it would be so wonderful if it worked out! Maybe we could go to Berlin together...” The hum continues, a kind of bird song meant to attract males. But she’s making too much effort, and anyway, it’s the wrong song. Peter looks over her head, puts his hand on her shoulder, and says, “Ah, excuse me, I see somebody I know over there...”26. From the passage we can know Peter __________.A. has long legsB. pretends to be friendly to meC. has won a prizeD. is a playboy27. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A. there are few men in the roomB. there are many unmarried women in the roomC. most of the people in the room are womenD. single men are hard to find28. From the passage we can know Lydia __________.A. is good at singingB. is good at imitating birdsC. is hard-workingD. is too enthusiastic29. Peter’s response to Lydia indicates that __________.A. he has no interest in herB. he has no interest in the TV showC. he doesn’t believe what she tells himD. he doesn’t think he can be a consultant30. What is implied by the author in the passage?A. She enjoys the party whole-heartedly.B. She doesn’t care what is going on.C. She feels detached from her surroundings.D. She detests the people in the room.。

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2020年考试科目代码及名称：431-金融学综合(自命题)适用专业：025100 金融硕士［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（6题，每题5分，共30分）1.金融市场2.流动性3.一价定律4.贴现现金流量5.经营杠杆6.股东价值最大化二、判断题（10题，每题2分，共20分）1.财政和货币政策属于需求转换型政策。

（）2.欧洲货币市场的资金来源最初是石油美元。

（）3.固定汇率制度下，外汇储备和本国货币供应量的变化方向相同。

（）4.货币市场和资本市场的划分是以资金的用途为标准的。

（）5.资金盈余部门的一部分资金通过银行等金融中介机构流向资金短缺部门，称为直接金融转化机制。

（）6.有违约风险的公司债券风险溢价必须为负，违约风险越大，风险溢价越低。

（）7.凯恩斯强调了利率对交易性货币需求的影响。

（）8.弗里德曼认为货币的流通速度稳定可测。

（）9.中央银行具有发行的银行、银行的银行和政府的银行等三大职能。

（）10.通货膨胀有利于固定收入者而不利于可变收入者。

（）三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.简述资产证券化的作用。

2.票据市场具有哪些作用？3.简述特里芬难题的基本内容。

4.简述商业银行超额准备金率的影响因素。

5.公司金融中为什么要进行敏感性分析和场景分析？试分析两种分析法的区别。

四、计算题（2题，每题10分，共20分）1.某人刚大学毕业，打算在5年后买一套70平方米的房子，目前房价是3万/平方米，并预计房价将每年以10%的幅度上涨。

买房要求支付3成首付，市场利率一直保持为6%，请问该人每年年初需要存多少钱，才能在第5年末存够首付所需资金？2.A公司发展很快。

股利预期在接下来的3年里将以24%的速度增长，之后将以6%的速度稳定增长。

如果必要报酬率是11%，且公司刚刚支付的股利为每股1.90美元，那么股票现在的价格为多少？五、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.试联系实际比较一般性货币政策工具。

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2017年 考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试 适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I. Cloze 完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）Direction : There are 3 passages below. Read each of them and choose the proper word from the word list to fill in each of the blanks in the passages. Each word can be used only once.Passage 1Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost andgetting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is (1)_____to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from (2)____satellites can locate your car (3)_____at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your(4)_______on the earth to within about a hundred feet. At any (5)______time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite cont ains four “atomic clocks,” which (6)_____ at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio (7)___that can be detected bya receiver in a car’s computer. The car’s computer can then (8)___how far the satellite is by (9)____how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receivin g the satellite’s signal can be (10)_____into a distance.Passage 2More than 30 million cars and trucks nationwide are (1) with dangerously(2)____air bags, congressional officials say, a number that raises questions about whether the US (3)____industry can handle what could become the largest recall in history.Federal safety (4)____have recalled only 7.8 million vehicles over the defect in afew states, a limited action that (5)____said Thursday was vastly insufficient to(6)____what they deemed “a public safety threat”.Two senators demanded a much (7)____recall that would cover everyaffectedvehicle nationwide. (8)_____a recall of that magnitude ---- including best-selling models from Honda, Toyota, GM, Chrysler and six other companies (9)____ 2002 to 2007 ---- could prove far (10)_____than the industry has ever managed.Passage 3Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several (1) __ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural (2) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to (3) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (4) __ "English". They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is (5) __ to the others.These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain’s original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to (6) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more true of the (7) __ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the (8)__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather (9) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (10)__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and the Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few.II. Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15题，每题2分，共30分)Directions:The following passage contains 15 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on your answer sheet.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like (1) ____the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things aredone around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. (2)_____ Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique (3) _____personality or character of a particular company or organization,and include such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate (4) _____ ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can express (5) _____in the company’s mission statement and other communications,in the architectural style or interior decoration, by what people wearto work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given (6) _____ various employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of (7) _____a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really knowthe corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a (8)______ number of months, but you can get close to them through research (9)______and observation. Understanding culture is a two-steps process, (10) _____ starting with the research before the interview and ending (11)______ with observation at the interview. The bottom line is thatyou are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment-(12)______ and to be happy, success, and productive, you will want to (13)______be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you (14)______ can have voice, be respected, and have opportunities for (15)______ growth.III. Gap-filling 选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the following blanks with the correct words given according to the meanings of the sentences.1. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to ________ theimpact of the oil spill.A. minimizeB. belittleC. rejectD. reclaim2. T opics for conversation should be ________ to the experiences and interests of thestudents.A. satisfiedB. relevantC. concernedD. concentrated3. T hey said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to________.A. bring aboutB. pull throughC. carry onD. put up4. W e could tell that she was still ________ something and it was our job to find outwhat.A. cancelingB. shelteringC. concealingD. settling5. Y ou are legally ________ to take faulty goods back to the store where you boughtthem.A. assignedB. entitledC. acclaimedD. remained6. H is knowledge of English is ________ for the job, although he is not fluent in thelanguage.A. justifiedB. reliableC. adequateD. assured7. T he scientists have been ________ the necessary funds for their research program.A. desiredB. neglectedC. declinedD. denied8. T here is always a ________ that the legal system is designed to suit lawyers ratherthan to protect the public.A. confidenceB. faithC. deceptionD. suspicion9. A spokesman of Ministry of Agriculture said that a series of policies would beimplemented to ________ the development of agriculture.A. demoteB. promoteC. decreaseD. increase10. A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.A. favorableB. suitableC. properD. preferable11. The foreign company has been ________ running this factory for decades.A. enormouslyB. effectivelyC. infinitelyD. extremely12. I’m not sick; ________, I’m in the peak of health.A. to be honestB. on the contraryC. to my delightD. on all sides13. By a ________ of good luck, Gene, who had been buried in the rubble for morethan 26 hours, came out alive.A. strokeB. hitC. strikeD. blow14. A dvertising is an intensely ________ business.A. competitiveB. aggressiveC. adventurousD. lucrative15. She was _______ upset to find that she failed in the final examination.A. somehowB. somewayC. somewhatD. somewhereIV. Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions: In this section, there six reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then choose the correct answer.Passage 1 The Birth of Photography【1】Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.【2】Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.【3】A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbot's "calotype" was the first negative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.【4】The two processes produced very different results. The daguerreotype was a unique image that reproduced what was in front of the camera lens in minute, unselective detail and could not be duplicated. The calotype could be made in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.【5】One of the things that most impressed the original audience for photography was the idea of authenticity. Nature now seemed able to speak for itself, with a minimum of interference. The title Talbot chose for his book, The Pencil of Nature (the first part of which was published in 1844), reflected this feeling. Artists were fascinated by photography because it offered a way of examining the world in much greater detail. They were also afraid of it, because it seemed likely to make their own efforts unnecessary.【6】Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete—the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. It also made the whole business of making and owning images democratic. Portraiture, once a luxury for the privileged few, was suddenly well within the reach of many more people.【7】In the long term, photography's impact on the visual arts was far from simple. Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor. Even those artists who were most dependent on photography became reluctant to admit that they made use of it, in case thiscompromised their professional standing.【8】The rapid technical development of photography—the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment, and of new emulsions that coated photographic plates, film, and paper and enabled images to be made at much faster speeds—had some unanticipated consequences. Scientific experiments made by photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) and Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) demonstrated that the movements of both humans and animals differed widely from the way they had been traditionally represented in art. Artists, often reluctantly, were forced to accept the evidence provided by the camera. The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. The accidental effects obtained by candid photographers were soon being copied by artists such as the French painter Degas.1.What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth-century painting?A. Photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality.B. Most painters used the images of the camera obscura in preference to those of the daguerreotype.C. Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.D. Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.2. According to paragraphs 2 and 3 which of the following did the daguerreotype and the calotype have in common?A. They were equally useful for artists.B. They could be reproduced.C. They produced a permanent imageD. They were produced on treated paper.3. The word "authenticity" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA. improvement.B. practicality.C. genuineness.D. repetition.4.What point does the author make in paragraph 6?A. Paintings became less expensive because of competition with photography.B. Photography, unlike painting, was a type of portraiture that even ordinary people could afford.C. Every style of painting was influenced by the invention of photography.D. The daguerreotype was more popular than the calotype.5.It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that one effect that photography had on painting was that itA.provided painters with new insights into how humans and animals actually move.B.showed that representing movement could be as interesting as portrait art.C.increased the appeal of painted portraiture among the wealthy.D.influenced artists to improve techniques for painting faster.Passage 2 Early Settlements in the Southwest Asia【1】The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.【2】Pollen samples from freshwater lakes in Syria and elsewhere tell us forest cover expanded rapidly at the end of the Ice Age, for the southwestern Asian climate was still cooler and considerably wetter than today. Many areas were richer in animal and plant species than they are now, making them highly favorable for human occupation. About 9000 B.C., most human settlements lay in the area along the Mediterranean coast and in the Zagros Mountains of Iran and their foothills. Some local areas, like the Jordan River valley, the middle Euphrates valley, and some Zagros valleys, were more densely populated than elsewhere. Here more sedentary and more complex societies flourished. These people exploited the landscape intensively, foraging on hill slopes for wild cereal grasses and nuts, while hunting gazelle and other game on grassy lowlands and in river valleys. Their settlements contain exotic objects such as seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian (volcanic glass), all traded from afar. This considerable volume of intercommunity exchange brought a degree of social complexity in its wake.【3】Thanks to extremely fine-grained excavation and extensive use of flotation methods (through which seeds are recovered from soil samples), we know a great deal about the foraging practices of the inhabitants of Abu Hureyra in Syria's Euphrates valley. Abu Hureyra was founded about 9500B.C, a small village settlement of cramped pit dwellings (houses dug partially in the soil) with reed roofs supported by wooden uprights. For the next 1,500 years, its inhabitants enjoyed a somewhat warmer and damper climate than today, living in a well-wooded steppe area where wild cereal grasses were abundant. They subsisted off spring migrations of Persian gazelles from the south. With such a favorable location, about 300 to 400 people lived in a sizable, permanent settlement. They were no longer a series of small bands but lived in a large community with more elaborate social organization, probably grouped into clans of people of common descent.【4】The flotation samples from the excavations allowed botanists to study shifts in plant-collecting habits as if they were looking through a telescope at a changing landscape. Hundreds of tiny plant remains show how the inhabitants exploited nutharvests in nearby pistachio and oak forests. However, as the climate dried up, the forests retreated from the vicinity of the settlement. The inhabitants turned to wild cereal grasses instead, collecting them by the thousands, while the percentage of nuts in the diet fell. By 8200B.C., drought conditions were so severe that the people abandoned their long-established settlement, perhaps dispersing into smaller camps. 【5】Five centuries later, about 7700B.C., a new village rose on the mound. At first the inhabitants still hunted gazelle intensively. Then, about 7000 B.C., within the space of a few generations, they switched abruptly to herding domesticated goats and sheep and to growing einkorn, pulses, and other cereal grasses. Abu Hureyra grew rapidly until it covered nearly 30 acres. It was a close-knit community of rectangular, one-story mud-brick houses, joined by narrow lanes and courtyards, finally abandoned about 5000 B.C.. Many complex factors led to the adoption of the new economies, not only at Abu Hureyra, but at many other locations such as 'Ain Ghazal, also in Syria, where goat toe bones showing the telltale marks of abrasion caused by foot tethering (binding) testify to early herding of domestic stock.6. The word "momentous" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA. numerous.B. regular.C. very important.D. very positive.7. Major climatic changes occurred by the end of the Ice Age in all of the following geographic areas EXCEPTA. temperate regions of Asia.B. southwestern Asia.C. North America.D. Europe.8. Why does the author mention "seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian" in paragraph 2?A. To give examples of objects obtained through trade with other societies.B. To illustrate the kinds of objects that are preserved in a cool climate.C. To provide evidence that the organization of work was specialized.D. To give examples of the artistic ability of local populations.9. Paragraph 4 suggests that the people of Abu Hureyra abandoned their long-established settlement becauseA. the inhabitants had cleared all the trees from the forests.B. wild cereal grasses took over pistachio and oak forests.C. people wanted to explore new areas.D. lack of rain caused food shortages.10. According to paragraph 5, after 7000 B.C. the settlement of Abu Hureyra differed from earlier settlements at that location in all of the following EXCEPTA. the domestication of animals.B. the intensive hunting of gazelle.C. the size of the settlement.D. the design of the dwellings.Passage 3 Children and Advertising【1】Young children are trusting of commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes been accused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook. The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.【2】General concern about misleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use of exaggeration. Consumer protection groups and parents believe that children are largely ill-equipped to recognize such techniques and that often exaggeration is used at the expense of product information. Claims such as "the best" or "better than" can be subjective and misleading; even adults may be unsure as to their meaning. They represent the advertiser's opinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence, are difficult to verify. Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim. For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may be accompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast." However, research has shown that children often have difficulty understanding disclaimers: children may interpret the phrase "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast" to mean that the cereal is required as a necessary part of a balanced breakfast. The author George Comstock suggested that less than a quarter of children between the ages of six and eight years old understood standard disclaimers used in many toy advertisements and that disclaimers are more readily comprehended when presented in both audio and visual formats. Nevertheless, disclaimers are mainly presented in audio format only.【3】Fantasy is one of the more common techniques in advertising that could possibly mislead a young audience. Child-oriented advertisements are more likely to include magic and fantasy than advertisements aimed at adults. In a content analysis of Canadian television, the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for character toys featured fantasy play. Children have strong imaginations and the use of fantasy brings their ideas to life, but children may not be adept enough to realize that what they are viewing is unreal. Fantasy situations and settings are frequently used to attract children's attention, particularly in food advertising. Advertisements for breakfast cereals have, for many years, been found to be especially fond of fantasy techniques, with almost nine out of ten including such content. Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. Certainly, rational appeals in advertising aimed at children are limited, as most advertisements use emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.【4】The use of celebrities such as singers and movie stars is common in advertising. The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. In children's advertising, the "celebrities" are often animated figuresfrom popular cartoons. In the recent past, the role of celebrities in advertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of host selling. Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other. Host selling occurs, for example, when a children's show about a cartoon lion contains an ad in which the same lion promotes a breakfast cereal. The psychologist Dale Kunkel showed that the practice of host selling reduced children's ability to distinguish between advertising and program material. It was also found that older children responded more positively to products in host selling advertisements.【5】Regarding the appearance of celebrities in advertisements that do not involve host selling, the evidence is mixed. Researcher Charles Atkin found that children believe that the characters used to advertise breakfast cereals are knowledgeable about cereals, and children accept such characters as credible sources of nutritional information. This finding was even more marked for heavy viewers of television. In addition, children feel validated in their choice of a product when a celebrity endorses that product. A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that the presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children's perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as being a difficult judgment for children to make about advertised toys?A. How big the toys are?B. How much the toys cost?C. What the toys can do?D. How the toys are made?12. The word “verify” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. establish the truth of.B. approve of.C. understand.D. criticize.13. Cereal advertisements that include the statement “when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast” are trying to suggest thatA. the cereal is a desirable part of a healthful, balanced breakfast.B. the cereal contains equal amounts of all nutrients.C. cereal is a healthier breakfast than other foods are.D. the cereal is the most nutritious part of the breakfast meal.14. The word “adept”(Paragraph 3)in the passage is cl osest in meaning toA. responsible.B. skillful.C. patient.D. curious.15. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention a show about a cartoon lion in which an advertisement appears featuring the same lion character?A. To help explain what is meant by th e term "host selling” and why it can be misleading to children.B. To explain why the role of celebrities in advertising aimed at children has often been confused with host selling.C. To compare the effectiveness of using animated figures with the effectiveness of using celebrities in advertisements aimed at children.D. To indicate how Kunkel first became interested in studying the effects of host selling on children.Passage 4 Methods of Studying Infant Perception In the study of perceptual abilities of infants, a number of techniques are used to determine infants' responses to various stimuli. Because they cannot verbalize or fill out questionnaires, indirect techniques of naturalistic observation are used as the primary means of determining what infants can see, hear, feel, and so forth. Each of these methods compares an infant's state prior to the introduction of a stimulus with its state during or immediately following the stimulus. The difference between the two measures provides the researcher with an indication of the level and duration of the response to the stimulus. For example, if a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field of a neonate (newborn), repetitive following movements of the eye occur. The occurrence of these eye movements provides evidence that the moving pattern is perceived at some level by the newborn. Similarly, changes in the infant's general level of motor activity —turning the head, blinking the eyes, crying, and so forth — have been used by researchers as visual indicators of the infant's perceptual abilities.Such techniques, however, have limitations. First, the observation may be unreliable in that two or more observers may not agree that the particular response occurred, or to what degree it occurred. Second, responses are difficult to quantify. Often the rapid and diffuse movements of the infant make it difficult to get an accurate record of the number of responses. The third, and most potent, limitation is that it is not possible to be certain that the infant's response was due to the stimulus presented or to a change from no stimulus to a stimulus. The infant may be responding to aspects of the stimulus different than those identified by the investigator. Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to over-generalize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant.Observational assessment techniques have become much more sophisticated, reducing the limitations just presented. Film analysis of the infant's responses, heart and respiration rate monitors, and nonnutritive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception. Film analysis permits researchers to carefully study the infant's responses over and over and in slow motion. Precise measurements can be made of the length and frequency of the infant's attention between two stimuli. Heart and respiration monitors provide the investigator with the number of heartbeats or breaths taken when a new stimulus is presented. Numerical。

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2018年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题)适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、Cloze 完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）Passage OneDear Miss Brown,Thank you for your letter of 5 October, concerning faulty goods purchased in our store in Basingstoke.I am very sorry indeed that you were not satisfied with the celebration chocolates that you bought from our store. I can 1 ┄┄your disappointment when you discovered that the chocolates were not as shown on the 2 ┄┄and were, in 3 ┄┄, all the same shape.Our company is always trying to improve the 4 ┄┄of its merchandise, and we are very unhappy when one of our products does not 5 ┄┄satisfaction.The manufacturers of our chocolates have 6 ┄┄guidelines for production, which should 7 ┄┄instances such as this from happening. Obviously our checking and packing procedures were not 8 ┄┄, and we will discuss this with the manufacturers. In the 9 ┄┄, I regret the disappointment you were 10 ┄┄. As a gesture of goodwill, I have pleasure in refunding the 11 ┄┄of the chocolates, and enclose a gift voucher that you can 12 ┄┄in our Basingstoke branch.Thank you for bringing this matter to our 13 ┄┄. I hope any future purchases you may 14 ┄┄at our stores will be up to our 15 ┄┄high standards.Yours sincerely,A N FergusonA N FergusonCustomer Relations1. A. know B. distinguish C. understand D. recognise2. A. packaging B. layer C. parcel D. envelope3. A. point B. fact C. honesty D. detail4. A. worth B. goodness C. quality D. grade5. A. meet B. supply C. present D. give6. A. straight B. pure C. immediate D. clear7. A. prevent B. avoid C. forbid D. contain8. A. followed B. admitted C. confirmed D. engaged9. A. while B. meantime C. period D. space10. A. brought B. caused C. effected D. produced11. A. cost B. money C. amount D. bill12. A. employ B. operate C. apply D. use13. A. view B. attention C. sight D. regard14. A. move B. have C. make D. do15. A. ordinary B. usual C. common D. natural Passage TwoDuring the last year, we announced the significant expansion of our plastic sheeting plant in Malaysia, which, together with the acquisition of the Indonesian factory, will approximately double the Group’s manufacturing 16…. The cost of this development is within 17… and will be approximately $5.6m, of which $2.7m was incurred during the previous year. It is on schedule to 18…… increasing volumes from October this year. Following the 19…… of plastic tubing manufacture from Germany to Thailand, we have effectively doubled the capacity of this facility at an 20…………cost of $12m. The project is set to cost less than the original 21……… and is on target for increased production by June next year. In February, we announced our 22……… to sell our factory in Ireland. This decision is in line with the Group’s strategy of 23…… on our core categories of branded products. In June, we announced investment in a new state-of-the-art UK manufacturing facility for specialist plastic components. This facility will be 24……by the middle of next year and will increase the Group’s capacity to manufacture products efficiently in-house. At the same time it will 25… about 200 new jobs in an area of high unemployment. The factory is to cost approximately $24m, towards which government 26…of up to $4m are already available. Sadly, as part of this move, we announced the 27… of our Blackburn facility, which is due to take place in the early part of next year.As part of our commitment to effective external communications with all our stakeholders, in October we 28… the corporate website, which is now providingup-to-date information on the Group, and we look forward to receiving 29…from users of the site. Existing product websites are now in the 30…of being redesigned as part of the global rebranding strategy.16 A output B yield C total D mass17 A budget B income C account D fund18 A forward B transfer C advance D deliver19 A replacement B rearranging C relocation D redistribution20. A aimed B imagined C accepted D expected21. A guess B judgment C estimate D conviction22 A focus B object C intention D purpose23 A concentrating B planning C attending D directing24 A running B implementing C executing D organizing25 A appoint B result C employ D create26 A scholarships B grants C allocations D gifts27 A finish B closure C ending D conclusion28 A dispatched B prompted C launched D effected29 A attitude B approach C outlook D feedback30 A practice B progress C process D procedure二、Proofreading and error correction 改错题(15题，每题2分，共30分)Market Research1. Market research involves in collecting and sorting facts and opinions from specific groups2. of people. The purpose of research can vary from discover the popularity of a political3. party to assessing whether is a product needs changing or replacing. Most work in4. consumer research involves interviewers employing by market research agencies, but5. certain industrial and social research is carried out by any specialist agencies. Interviews6. may be with individuals or groups and can last anything as from a few minutes to an houror7. more. In some interviews, people may be asked to examine or try out products after8. giving up their opinion. Successful interviewers tend to like meeting people and should not9. only be shy of addressing strangers. Interviewers are usually expected to work10. unsupervised, organizing their own workload. Self-discipline is absolutely essential, and11. as are motivation and energy. There are no specific age limits for such a work, though12. many agencies prefer to employ older applicants with experience of meeting people.13. Market research agencies which frequently organize training, where trainees learn how to14. recognize socio-economic groups and practice approaching to the public. For information15. on market research training and qualifications, contract the Market Research Association.三、Gap-filling 选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）It isn't just the beer that 1 to beer bellies. It could also be the extra calories，fat and unhealthy eating choices that may come with 2 drinking.A recent study found that men consume an 3 433 calories (equivalent to a McDonald's double cheeseburger) on days they drink a moderate amount of alcohol. About 61% of the caloric 4 comes from the alcohol itself. Men also report eating higher amounts of saturated fats and meat，and less fruit and milk, on those days than on days when they aren't drinking, the study showed.Women fared a bit better，taking in an extra 300 calories on moderate-drinking days，from the alcohol and eating fattier foods. But women's increase in calories from additional eating wasn't statistically significant，the study said.'Men and women 5 less healthily on days they drank alcohol, 'said Rosalind Breslow, an epidemiologist with the federal National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and lead author of the study. 'Poorer food choices on drinking days have public-health 6，' she said.The findings dovetail with controlled lab studies in which 7 generally eat more food after consuming alcohol. Researchers suggest that alcohol may enhance 'the short-term rewarding effects' of consuming food，according to a 2010 report in the journal Physiology & Behavior that reviewed previous studies on alcohol，appetite and obesity.But other studies have pointed to a different trend. Moderate drinkers gain less 8 weight over time than either heavy drinkers or people who abstain from alcohol, particularly women，this research has shown. Moderate drinking is 9 having about two drinks a day for men and one for women.'People who gain the least weight are moderate drinkers，regardless of [alcoholic] beverage choice，' said Eric Rimm, an associate professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard Medical School and chairman of the 2010 review of alcohol in the federal dietary 10. The weight-gain difference is modest，and 'starting to drink is not a weight-loss diet，' he said.The various research efforts form part of a long-standing 11 about how alcohol affects people's appetites，weight and overall health. Researchers say there aren't simple answers，and suggest that individuals' metabolism, drinking patterns and gender may play a role.Alcohol is 'a real wild card when it comes to weight management, ' said Karen Miller-Kovach，chief scientific officer of Weight Watchers International. At seven calories per gram, alcohol is closer to fat than to carbohydrate or protein in caloric content, she said. Alcohol tends to lower restraint，she notes，causing a person to become more 12 with what they're eating.Research bolstering the role of moderate drinking in helping to control weight gain was published in 2004 in the journal Obesity Research. That study followed nearly 50，000 women over eight years. An earlier study，published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994，followed more than 7，000 people for 10 years and found that moderate drinkers gained less weight than nondrinkers. Studies comparing changes in waist circumference among different groups have yielded similar results.Dr. Rimm said it isn't clear why moderate drinking may be 13 against typical weight gain，but it could have to do with metabolic 14. After people drink alcohol，their heart rate increases so they burn more calories in the following hour.'It's a modest amount，' he said. 'But if you take an individual that eats 100 calories instead of a glass of wine，the person drinking the glass of wine will have a 15 increase in the amount of calories burned.'A：indulgent B：participantsC：debate D：consideredE：contributes F：contestG：guidelines H：protectiveI：moderate J：indexK：implications L：considerateM：additional N：experiencedO：owes P：increaseQ：decrease R：ateS：weight T：adjustmentsU：great V：slight四、Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Passage OneI don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about thatanymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.1. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D) She finds space research more important.2. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.A) the very fact that she is a womanB) her involvement in gender politicsC) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistD) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society3. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. andpost-doctoral research?A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C) People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.4. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.B) Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.D) More female students are pursuing science than before.5. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.Passage TwoI’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.6. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.A) no one can be both creative and criticalB) they cannot be regarded as equally importantC) they are in constant conflict with each otherD) one cannot use them at the same time7. What prevents people from writing on is ________.A) putting their ideas in raw form B) attempting to edit as they writeC) ignoring grammatical soundness D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts8. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?A) To organize one’s thoughts logically.B) To choose an appropriate topic.C) To get one’s ideas down.D) To collect raw materials.9. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.A) it overstresses the role of the creative mindB) it takes too much time to edit afterwardsC) it may bring about too much criticismD) it does not help them to think clearly10. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?A) It refines his writing into better shape.B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.C) It saves the writing time available to him.D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.Passage threeOne aspect of business life which many managers are unhappy with is the need to attend meetings. Research indicates that managers will spend between a third and a half of their working lives in meetings. Although most managers would agree that it is hard to think of an alternative to meetings, as a means of considering information and making collective decisions, their length and frequency can cause problems with the workload of even the best-organized executives.Meetings work best if they take place only when necessary and not as a matter of routine. One example of this is the discussion of personal or career matters between members of staff and their line and personnel managers. Another is during the early stages of a project when the team managing needs to learn to understand and trust one another.Once it has been decided that a meeting is necessary, decisions need to be taken about who will attend and about the location and length of the meeting. People should only be invited to attend if they are directly involved in the matters under discussion and the agenda should be distributed well in advance. An agenda is vital because it acts as a road map to keep discussion focused and within the time limited allocated. This is also the responsibility of the person chairing the meeting, who should encourage those who say little to speak and stop those who have a great deal to say from talking too much.At the end of a well organized meeting, people will feel that the meeting has been a success and be pleased they were invited. They will know not only what decisions were made but also the reasons for these decisions. Unfortunately, at the end of a badly organized meeting those present will leave feeling that they have wasted their time and that nothing worthwhile has been achieved.Much together has been given over the years to ways of keeping meeting short. One man who has no intention of spending half his working life in meeting is Roland Winterson, chief executive of a large manufacturing company. He believes that meetings should be short, sharp and infrequent. “I try to hold no more than two or three meetings a week, attended by a maximum of three people for no longer than half an hour,” he says. “They are clearly aimed at achieving a specific objective, such as making a decision or planning a strategy, and are based on careful preparation. Idraw up the agenda for every meeting and circulate it in advance; those attending are expected to study it carefully and should be prepared to both ask and answer questions. Managers are best employed carrying out tasks directly connected with their jobs not attending endless meetings. In business, time is money and spending it in needless meetings that don’t achieve anything can be very costly. Executives should follow the example of lawyers and put a cost on each hour of their time and then decide whether attending a long meeting really is the best way to spend their time.”11. What do most managers think about meetings?A. Meetings take up most of their working life.B. Meetings allow them to monitor decision-making.C. Meetings prevent them from establishing a routine.D. Meetings are the only way they know of achieving certain objectives.12. According to the writer, an example of a valuable meeting is one whichA. allows colleagues to achieve a better working relationship.B. requires managers to discuss staffing needs with personnel.C. selects a suitable group of people to work together as a team.D. encourages staff to present ideas on improvements in management.13. According to the writer the agenda is important because itA. is seen by everybody before the meeting.B. helps to give direction to the discussions.C. contains items of interest to all those present.D. shows who should speak at each stage of the meeting.14. The writer says that people leaving a well organized meeting will understandA. the reason for their invitation to attend.B. how the decisions taken were relevant to them.C. the importance of proposals under discussion.D. why certain courses of action were agreed upon.15. What does Roland Winterson say about the meetings that he organizes?A. He aims to hold them on a regular basis.B. He ensures they have a definite purpose.C. He requires his managers to draw up the agenda.D. He uses them to make decisions about strategy.Passage fourWorking an eight-hour day is a luxury for most professional people. Nowadays, the only way to guarantee an eight-hour working day is to have the kind of job where you clock on and off. Those professionals who have managed to limit their hours to what was, 20 years ago, the average do not wish to identify themselves. “I can quite easily achieve my work within a normal day, but I don’t like to draw attention to it,”says one sales manager. “People looked at me when I left at 5 o’clock. Now, I put paperwork in my bag. People assume I’m doing extra hours at home.”But more typical is Mark, who works as an account manager. He says, “My contract says I work from 9 until 5 with extra hours as necessary. It sounds as if the extra hours are exceptional. In fact, my job would be enough not only for me, but also for someone else part-time. The idea of an eight-hour day makes me laugh!” He says he has thought about going freelance but realizes that this doesn’t guarantee better working hours.Professors Cary Cooper, occupational psychologist at the University of Manchester, is the author of the annual Quality of Working Life survey. The most recent survey found that 77% of managers in Britain work more than their contracted hours, and that this is having a damaging effect on their health, relationships and productivity. Professor Cooper is critical of the long-hours culture. He says that while bosses believe long hours lead to greater efficiency, there is no evidence to support this. “In fact, the evidence shows that long hours make you ill.”There are, he says, steps that can be taken. One is to accept that the in-tray will never be empty. “There are always things to do. You just have to make the rule that on certain days you go home early.” Prioritizing work and doing essential tasks first helps, he says. He also thinks it’s time to criticize bad employers and unreasonable terms of employment. “By all means, show commitment where necessary but whenexpectations are too high, people have to begin saying openly that they have a life outside of work.”Personal development coach Mo Shapiro agrees that communication is important. Staff need to talk to managers about the working practices within a company. Both parties should feel that the expectations are realistic and allow them to have responsibilities and interests outside work. She recognizes, however, that in many organizations the response might well be, “If you want more interests outside work, then find another job.”She believes that senior staff have a duty to set an example. “I recently worked for a firm of solicitors where the partners started at 7.30am. What kind of message is that to send to the staff?” She believes there is no shame in working sensible hours –in fact quite the reserve. “Some people might be in at 7.30am but will be doing very little. You can work really hard from 9 to 5 and achieve the same. If you find it difficult to achieve an eight-hour day, there is, as a last resort, the old trick of leaving your jacket on your chair and your computers switched on, even after you have left the building.”16. What does the writer say in the first paragraph about people who work an eight-hour day?A. They are reluctant to admit to this.B. They are disliked by their colleagues.C. They are limited to certain professions.D. They often catch up on work in the evenings.17. What does Mark say about his work?A. His main concern is job security.B. Too much of his time at work is wasted.C. The terms of his contract are misleading.D. He objects to being given other people’s work.18. What does Cary Cooper say about recent trends in the workplace?A. He believes that a long working day is counter-productive.B. He has doubts about the results of the Quality of Working Life survey.C. He says that employers should accept the link between working hours and safety.D. He argues that further research is needed into the relationship between work and health.19. How does Cary Cooper think people should deal with the requirements of the workplace?A. Obtain help in negotiating terms of employment.B. Let people know when demands are unreasonable.C. Delegate the less important work to other staff.D. Accept that the modern workplace is a competitive place.20. What does Mo Shapiro see as a problem for employees today?A. They lack the communication skills that modern business requires.B. Many employers would not regard requests for shorter hours favorably.C. Most employers do not want to be responsible for the professional development of staff.D. They have difficulties adapting to the rapid changes occurring in working practices..Passage Five“The organizational weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to deal with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic.” Andrew Bidden wrote recently in Boston Business Review. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders must be the subject of a specialized body of wisdom, or possibly both. Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to businesses havehistorically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.The organizational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is true – that people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are a business’s most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit.Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest “management solution”. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with “management solutions”does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: Leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leader’s problems have certainly been solved already by someone else. There is an organization called KITE which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a “moderator”, an independently selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This encourages a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being discovered.21. What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?A. It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B. The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C. They find it difficult to attract staff with sufficient expertise.。

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2020年考试科目代码及名称：804-英语写作与翻译(自命题)适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］Part I Writing （100分）（1）Summary Writing (1题，共40分)Write a summary based on the following text. Your summary must be in a continuous paragraph and contain 120—150 words.The term “cyberspace”(网际空间) was coined by William Gibson, ascience-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators.”His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient. Cyberspace has become a popular term, symbolic of the computing devices, networks, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant American retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company, and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit. The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing.Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worry much about threats because the network was affiliated with America’smilitary. As hackers turned up, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, reckons that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security.But the task is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billion—a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria.There is, therefore, an urgent need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks. One idea is to encourage internet-service providers, or the companies that manage internet connections, to shoulder more responsibility for identifying and helping to clean up computers infected with malicious software. Another is to find ways to ensure that software developers produce code with fewer flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes to exploit.An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority to security is that cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of new devices in our daily lives, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful.（2）Essay Writing (1题，60分)There is a debate in the foreign studies circle over the disciplinary attribute of English major in recent years. Do you agree with those scholars who insist that English is merely a tool of communication, or do you agree with those who regard it more as a carrier of cultural values?Write an essay of 400—600 words on your opinion of English as a foreign language.Part II Translation(50分)（1）English-Chinese Translation (25分)The day passed, and the night following, and the next, and next; till, almost without their being aware, five days had slipped by in absolute seclusion, not a sight or sound of a human being disturbing their peacefulness, such as it was. The changes of the weather were their only events, the birds of the forest their only company. Bytacit consent they hardly once spoke of any incident of the past subsequent to their wedding-day. The gloomy intervening time seemed to sink into chaos, over which the present and prior times closed as if it never had been. Whenever he suggested that they should leave their shelter, and go forwards towards Southampton or London, she showed a strange unwillingness to move.“Why should we put an end to all that’s sweet and lovely!”she deprecated. “What must come will come.” And, looking through the gap of the curtains: “All is trouble outside there; inside here content.”He peeped out also. It was quite true; within was affection, union, error forgiven: outside was the inexorable.（2）Chinese-English Translation (25分)制度创新激发了亿万人的创造力，也改变了亿万人的命运。

广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2013年考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1.macrolinguistics2.blending3.diphthong4.aspect5.reference6.cooperative principle7.Indo-European family8.taboo9.CALL10.corpus linguistics二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.（）Halliday’s linguistic potential is similar to the notions of parole and performance.2.（）Descriptive linguists are concerned with how language work,not with how they can be improved.3.（）The word“hour”contains a diphthong and a pure vowel.4.（）The concept“competence”originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.5.（）All words contain a root morpheme.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.What are the major design features of language?2.What are the methods for the addition of new words in the English language?3.Exemplify the relationship between phone,phoneme and allophone.4.Distinguish the two possible meanings of“more beautiful flowers”by means of IC analysis.5.What is the difference between meaning,concept,connotation and denotation?四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.How do you understand the saying that language is symbolic?2.In what way can corpus data contribute to lexical studies?广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2014年考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1.pragmatics2.diachronic linguistics3.allophones4.morpheme5.cohesion6.cognitive linguistics7.hyponymy8.contrastive analysis9.American nguage Acquisition Device(LAD)二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.The Cooperative Principle,an important pragmatic principle proposed by P.Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.2.Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure,distribution,and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.3.[m]is a“bilabial lateral”,[j]a“palatal approximant”,and[h]a“glottal fricative”.4.Relevance is a matter of degree.The larger effect produced,the greater the relevance;the smaller effort cost,the greater the relevance.5.Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents,i.e.,a word or a group of words,which serves as a definable centre or head.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?2.Divide the following words into Roots,IA(inflectional affix)and/or DA (derivational affix).e.g.transformations:trans(DA)-form(Root)–ation(DA) -s(IA)1)unconscious2)earthquakes3)misled4)geese3.Distinguish the two possible meanings of“more complicated examinations”by means of IC analysis.4.Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence: The kid broke a vase yesterday.5.Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following conversation?A:So you like icecream.What are your favourite flavours?B:Hamburger…fish and chips.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics?2.Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:Each language articulates or organises the world nguages do not simply name existing categories;they articulate their own.。

考研真题：广东财经大学2022年[英语写作与翻译]考试真题Part I Writing （100分）（1）Summary Writing. (1题，共40分)Directions: Please read the following passage, and write a summary around 120-150 English words without copying the complete sentences from the text.Not long ago, I took in one of the conversations you’re not supposed to have. It turned on whether Vladimir Nabokov, author of Lolita, really desired underage girls. The usual arguments came out: Nabokov was a master of personae, and Humbert Humbert a game to him. Kinbote, analogous narrator of Pale Fire, didn’t make you think Nabokov loved boys. The late novels were Nabokov’s allegories of the seductions of aestheticism, which transfigures the forbidden into the beautiful; or moral paintings of our acceptance of crime, when crime is presented alluringly. So love of the wrong subject becomes a metaphor for art, ethics, personality, and so forth.I was reluctant to say that I felt these explanations were inadequate and even in bad faith. The trouble with Lolita is plainly its ability to describe what a sexual twelve-year-old looks like. What her dress is like when it brushes her knees, what her toes are like with painted nails, how the color sits on the plump bow of her lips—the phrase for these is that it is “too real”; that’s the scandal. It continues to be the scandal fifty years after publication, and it will be a scandal whenever adult acknowledges the capacity upend his vision and see a child, protected larval stage of the organism, as a sexual object. The girl is still a child, only now she is a sex child. Yet this makes me feel Nabokov was not a pedophile but something he is not credited with being—a social critic.You, too, see it, or should. The trend of these fifty years has been to make us see sexual youth where it doesn’t exist, and ignore it as it does. Adults project the sex of children in lust, or examine children sexually with magnifying glasses to make sure they don’t appeal to us. But these lenses became burning glasses. The hips of Betty Grable melted and disappeared. The breasts of Marilyn Monroe ran off and were replaced with silicone. The geography of fashion created new erogenous zones—pelvic midriff, rear cleavage—for dieters starving off their secondary sex characteristics, and for young teens, in the convergence of the exerciser and the pubescent child. The waif and pixie became ideal. Mama and daughter look the same again before the bedroom mirror—not dressed up in Mama’s pearls and heels this time, but in children’s wear. The dream belongs to sixteen, or to those who can starve themselves to sixteen.The critic Philip Fisher used to note that Lolita, tightly plotted as it is, repeats one scene twice. Humbert spies a lit window far opposite. Because he longs to see a nymphet, he sees one. The wave of arousal returns, its tide dampening him up to his knees. As he nears the climax, the form is refocused as an adult woman or man. Disgusting! But this is the simple inversion of a characteristic experience of our time. A man will see a distant form, in low-cut top and low-slung jeans, and think he is on the trail of eroticism; draw near, and identify a child. Revolting! The defenses against it continue the problem. The more a whole nation inspects the sex characteristics of children to make sure it is not becoming aroused by childishness, and slyly hunts around to make sure its most untrustworthy members are not being so aroused, the more it risks creating a sexual fascination with the child. However you gaze, to accept the fantasy or to assure yourself you see nothing, you join in an abomination.（2）Essay Writing (1题，60分)Cyber-violence has become a new form of violence in our real world. The cyber mob will abuse language, pictures and other media to injure one’s reputation or image, even initiate man-hunting. Please write an essay on cyber-violence, with English words around 500 words.Part II Translation(50分)（1）English-Chinese Translation (25分)I was introduced to George, a Cotswold mason(石匠). He is in his seventies but still at it. When I met him he was engaged in the almost lost art of dry-walling, pulling down some ramshackle old walls and converting their materials into smooth solid rampart. He was a little man, with a dusty puckered face and an immense upper lip so that he looked like a wise old monkey; and he has spent all his long life among stones. There were bits of stone all over him. He handled the stones about him, some of which he showed to us, at once easily and lovingly, as women handle their babies. He was like a being that had been created out of stone, a quarry gnome. He was a pious man, this old George, and when he was not talking about stone walls, he talked in a very quiet evangelical strain about his religious beliefs, which were old and simple. Being a real craftsman, knowing that he could do something better than you or I could do it, he obviously enjoyed his work, which was not so much toil exchanged for so many shillings but the full expression of himself, his sign that he was old George the mason and still at it. Bad walls, not of his building, were coming down, and good walls were going up. The stones in them fitted squarely and smoothly and were a delight to the eye and a great contentment to the mind, so weary of shoddy and rubbish. I have never in my life done anything so thoroughly and truly as that old mason did his building.（2）Chinese-English Translation (25分)“一年之计在于春”，光读这平仄已让人心觉希望。