An Analysis of Jane Eyre

Analysis of Jane Eyre1、Introduction1.1AuthorCharlotte Bronte was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Bronte sisters. Charlotte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire in 1816. The sisters took to literature and published poems under the names of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Charlotte then wrote her first novel, The Professor, which did not publish until after her death, and began Jane Eyre, which, appearing in 1847.Then followed by Shirley in 1849 and Villette in 1852. In 1854 she was married to her father’s curate, but after a short happy married life she died in 1855.Emily Bronte published Wuthering Heights in 1847, praised for the originality of the subject and its narrative style, but viewed with suspect because of violence and immorality a powerful. Anne Bronte was the author of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Agnes Grey. But she is not that famous compare to the other two sisters.1.2The novelThis novel has five distinct stages: Jane's childhood at Gateshead, where she is emotionally and physically abused by her aunt and cousins. Her education at Lowood School, where she makes friends with Helen but also suffers oppression. Her time as the governess of Thornfield,where she falls in love with Edward Rochester but make her mind to leave at last. Her time with the Rivers family during which she enjoy the time with her cousins and her cold clergyman cousin St John Rivers proposes to her. Finally, she backs to Thornfield and married to her Rochester.The first 30 years or so of Victoria's reign were the period of the Romantic Movement.But m en were widely considered to be naturally superior to women in th e period.And the strict social class attitude is important information the author want to express. And she is critical of this. She speaks out against class prejudice through the heroine in this novel. And finally, even the author didn’t emphasis, we can get that Jane become wealthy and she thinks they are equal, and then she married to Mr. Rochester.2、Analysis of Major Characters2.1 Jane EyreJane Eyre has an unfortunately life which the nature and society give her since she was born. She has no parents, no money, she is a little woman for the man’s point of view. What’s more, she is not beautiful. But she is emotionally rich, independent and self-esteem, courage and persistent. She refused to accept the unrespected views which the society gives her. She makes all the people know that even she is a little woman, but she can follow her mind, do what shewants and control her own fate. She is not beautiful, but she is worth to be loved and own love. From her, we see the image of today's new woman: self-esteem, self-respect, they have their own value and judgment to the society and everything through their experience.2.2 Mr. RochesterMr. Rochester is a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. He has politeness most of the time, but when he speaks with Jane, his attitude suddenly changes. He set aside the consideration of social class in order to marry Jane.Rochester has lived a troubled wife. Married to a wealthy but insane woman, Bertha Mason. It’s his recklessness of his adult life that makes him get into trouble in his later life. But he is a so good man to rescue his servants when Thornfield catch fire. He get blind and lost a hand for rescuing Bertha Mason .Finally Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman who he loved.2.3 Helen BurnsHelen is Jane’s pious best friend at Lowood. Helen is extremely intelligent, calm, and caring, but her most important aspect is her devout religious faith.Constantly victimized by the teacher Miss Scatcherd, Helen never seems to take offense at the way she’s treated and even tries to see things from Miss Scatcherd’s views. Jane is confused by Helen’s patient, loving response to mistreatment, but she’s also awed by Helen’s brilliance and knowledge.3、ConclusionMost good stories start with a structure list: introduction, rising action, conflict, climax, denouement, and conclusion. Great writers sometimes take the order and add some spice.Introduction:Jane is a poor orphan girl with nothing to help her in the world buta few bad relatives. Rising action: Jane falls in love with her new employer, Mr.Rochester, but can’t act on her feelings because they are separated by rank and fortune. Conflict: It turns out that Mr. Rochester is married already –to a madwoman. Climax: Jane runs away from Thornfield. Denouement: Jane hears Mr. Rochester’s voice from miles away and feels called back to him. Conclusion: Jane and Rochester get married and live happily ever after.。

An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Personality in Jane Eyre 对《简·爱》中人物简爱性格的分析摘要《简爱》是英国著名的作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特根据她的自身经历写的一部小说，也是她的成名作。

它在英国文学史上占有重要地位。

小说所写的是一位坚强独立的女性，她追求真爱，平等，是女性的楷模。

作者在其作品中成功的塑造了英国文学史中第一个对爱情，生活，社会以及宗教采取了独立自主积极进取态度和敢于斗争，敢于争取自由平等的女性形象—简·爱。

简·爱鲜明的性格特征给广大读者留下了深刻的印象。

这篇论文主要结合简·爱的生活经历，分析她正面和负面的双重性格特征，使人们更深地了解《简爱》及其现实意义。

旨在给生活在现代女性提出建议，即使现在女性地位有所改善，但由于保守的习俗根深蒂固，女性应该更勇敢，更锲而不舍的反抗那些不合理习俗。

关键词：夏洛蒂·勃朗特；简·爱；双重性格安阳师范学院人文管理学院本科毕业论文AbstractJane Eyre was written in 1846 by the famous British writer Charlotte Bronte, which was based on her own experiences. It is also her masterpiece. The novel enjoys a high appraisal in English literature. The novel depicts an independent and tough woman who pursues equality and true love. The author successfully portrayed a great female image—Jane Eyre. The bright characters of the heroine give readers a deep impression.This paper gives an analytical study of dual characters of Jane Eyre, so as to help people understand Jane Eyre deeper and comprehend its realistic significance more. The author of this thesis aims to gives advice to modern women, although women’s status is improved now, the conservative conventions is deep and ingrained root. Women should have the courage to fight against the conservative conventions.Key Words: Charlotte Bronte; Jane Eyre; dual CharactersContents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1. Introduction (1)1.1 Introduction to Charlotte Bronte (1)1.2 Introduction to Jane Eyre (1)2. An Analysis of the Personality of Jane Eyre (2)2.1 Jane Eyre’s Positive Personality (3)2.1.1 Jane Eyre’s Independence (3)2.1.2 Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Equali ty (4)2.1.3 Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Liberty (4)2.1.4 Her Pursuit of True Love (5)2.2 Jane Eyre’s Negative Personality (6)2.2.1 Jane Eyre’s Self-abasement (6)2.2.2 Jane Eyre’s Worship of Traditional Marriage (7)3. Causes of Jane Eyre’s Personality (8)3.1 Causes of Jane Eyre’s Positive Personality (8)3.1.1 Influence of Jane Eyre’s Sufferings (8)3.1.2 Influence of Social Background in Victorian Age (8)3.2 Causes of Jane Eyre’s Negative Personality (8)3.2.1 Influence of Jane Eyre’s Plain Appearance (9)3.2.2 Influence of Charlotte Bronte (9)4. Conclusion (10)Bibliography (11)Acknowledgments (12)1.Introduction1.1 Introduction to Charlotte BronteCharlotte Bronte (April 21, 1816~March 31, 1855) is an English writer, she is famous for her novel Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is written in 1847, Charlotte Bronte is sister of Anne Bronte and Emily Bronte. The three sisters are as famous for their tragic, short lives as for their novels. In the past 40 years Charlotte Bronte’s reputation has risen rapidly, and feminist criticism has done much to show that she was speaking up for oppressed women of every age. Another typical work of Charlotte is Shirley, Shirley described the workers’ movement in 19 century. Charlotte was born in the north of England, she is the daughter of an Anglican clergyman. The Anglican clergyman moved with his family to Haworth amid the Yorkshire moors in 1820. After their mother and two eldest children died, Charlotte was left with her sisters Emily and Anne and brother Branwell to take care of their father, their religious, strict aunt. Charlotte attended the Clergy Daughter’s Sc hool at Cowan Bridge in 1824. Because of the harsh conditions, she returned home next year. In 1831, She went to school at Roe Head, at there Charlotte Bronte worked as a teacher. However, she fell bad, suffered from melancholia, and gave up this post. Cha rlotte’s attempts to earn her living as a governess.The collection of poems, Poems by Currer, Ellis And Acton Bell(1846), which Charlotte Bronte wrote with her sisters, sold only two copies. By this time she had finished a novel, The Professor, but during her lifetime, it never found a publisher. Undeterred by this rejection, Charlotte began Jane Eyre, which appeared in 1847, Jane Eyre became an immediate success. Her works are all about some lonely and neglected young woman with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life.1.2 Introduction to Jane EyreJane Eyre has high appraisal in literature history. It is the typical work of Charlotte Bronte. This work narrates Jane Eyre’s life experiences.Jane Eyre is an orphan, when she was very little, she is ill-treated. But at last, she became anindependent woman. When she was born, she is unlucky. She was sent to her uncle’s family because she lost her parents. In the family, she was ill-treated. She is timid, little, ugly and is a “little thing”. She has no clear identity. The power presses her, strangles her personality. Although the reality is cruel, Jane Eyre is not destroyed by it. And, she learns how to live, she becomes strong. She struggles against the pressure in life and the cruel, she take her courage to struggle with the reality. She shows a completely new woman image. She is very brave, independent, calm and ration.This paper also presents Jane Eyre’s viewpoint about love. Jane Eyre is very poor, she has nothing but the power of individual spirit. She thinks love must be based on equality. Love needs equality. Jane Eyre denies the inequality of marriage. Jane Eyre pursues equality on social status, economy and personality. She believes in equality between men and women.2. A Detailed Analysis of the Personality of Jane EyreThe Industrial Revolution opened up a new world for lower-class women, offering them new factory jobs. But it did not do much good for the middle class. A single woman at this economic level still could not have a good job, there are only one job for these woman: governess. Jane Eyre is pretty attractive. Jane Eyre is a kind girl with soft heart who always brings love to people around her, she helps Helen Burns and Mr. Rochester when they are in trouble. Her self-respect is related to her life environment. She is plain but aspiring, her figure is small but her soul is huge. In Jane Eyre’s opinion, everyone is the same at God’s feet. Though there are differences in property, appearance and also status, all the human beings are equal in personality. Jane Eyre is exposed to a bad environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. Jane shows her determination in pursuing her self-esteem and independence at every stage of her life, both in struggling with social pressure and resisting the temptation of passion and love. And Jane is a straight person, she never flatters others, for example, she hates her aunt, so she told her the truth and when Mr. Rochester asked her if he is handsome, she answered “no”without any hesitation.Jane is tolerant, although her aunt hurt her deeply, she can forgive her aunt. She has sense and morality, when she knows Mr. Rochester was a married man, she leaves Mr. Rochester resolutely. Jane is strong and brave, she is very kind. Her idea of equality and self-respect impress us so much and let us feel the power inside her body. Under the pressure of life, Jane Eyre is hard-working. She is wisdom. Although Jane Eyre has little figure, she never gives in on her way. She is very loyal to her true love. She is the master of her own life. She deserves to be loved.Jane Eyre has the character of female consciousness. She is a small, plain-faced orphan-girl, but she is smart, independent and passionate. In the novel, Jane Eyre’s bright characters give readers a deep impression.On the one hand, Jane Eyre is calm and independent. On the other hand, she is self-abased and conventional.2.1 Jane Eyre’s Positive PersonalityJane is independent and brave. After she knows she has fallen in love with her host, whose condition differs from hers deeply, she thinks that people are equal spiritually. Her courage to love a rich gentleman is like a beggar hopes to be the king.2.1.1 Jane Eyre’s IndependenceBeing an orphan, she is poor and lonely in the world. She seems doomed to have a life of failure. Her aunt Reed and her cousins treat her cruelly as an alienation. They deepen her determination of rebellion. She realizes that she will never find a true sense of home, she will never find a true sense of community, she feels the need of belonging, to find “skin,” or at least “kindred spirits.”The “red-room” life deepens her courage in resisting her aunt’s unfair punishment, which foreshadows Jane’s independence or rebelliousness. The experience at Gatehead makes her realize that she needs equality and freedom. The unfortunate experience at Gatehead makes her realize it is not necessary to fear authority. As an orphan, she was sent into Gateshead Hall of her uncle Mr. Reed. However, after Mr. Reed’s death, her aunt, Mrs. Reed treats her cruelly. Jane suffers lots of abuse, her cousins also found pleasure in teasing and mocking her. Though living under this circumstance, Jane did not surrender. After a series of sharp conflicts with the families, Jane was sent to Lowood school, a school for orphans. Jane studied as a student for 8 years and worked as a teacher for 2 yearsthere. Later, she accepted a governess position at a manor called Thornfield, where she taught a lively French girl. She rarely gained love and warmth from the family and lived her childhood unhappily. In a word, Jane Eyre starts her life without parents, money and good family environment.2.1.2 Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of EqualityJane Eyre insists on pursuing equality throughout her whole life. She struggles to overcome oppression and achieve equality. Because of the class hierarchy, she has to fight against those who believe women are inferior to men. There are three people who threaten her, Mr. Brocklehurst, Edward Rochester, and St John Rivers, who want to keep Jane Eyre in a submissive position, make her unable to express her thoughts and feelings. In her quest for independence, she has to escape Brocklehurst, reject St John and comes to Rochester after ensuring that they may marry as equals. She spends at Moor House during this time. She doesn’t depend on Rochester for love, she can be financially independent. Finally, Rochester is bind, Jane becomes his wife. Women are supposed to be ordinary, they need to stay at home. If they want to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex, they are not allowed. After a long time, Jane becomes a maternal, independent, sensitive and artistic young women. Jane refused to marry to Rochester because she understands she must forfeit her independence in the unions and marry Rochester when she has attained financial independence to maintain a marriage of equality.2.1.3 Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of LibertyIn order to lead a life of independence, Jane Eyre worked at Thornfield Hall. She was looked down upon by the rich ladies of the society, but Jane never despised herself. She was proud of her work. Rochester was attracted to her qualify, strong personality, courage, and independence, he even fell in love with her. But Jane makes it clear to him, “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?” she cries, “You think wrong. I have as much soul as you—and full as much heart! And if god had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you through the medium of custom, conversation, nor even ofmortal flesh—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit ;just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at god’s feet—equal,--as we are!” (Charlotte Bronte, 2006:9). Equality is what she strives for, and in him she strives for. Without Rochester, her material life can’t be affected, but she can not part from Rochester in spirit and emotion. Jane loves Rochester, she feels they are kind by nature, Rochester is the first person to offer Jane lasting love. Rochester offers Jane a real home. Rochester is superior to Jane socially and economically. In Victorian period, men were considered to be naturally superior to women. Jane decides to leave Rochester after she knew Rochester has a mad wife, she doesn’t want to be his mistress, she doesn’t want to lose her dignity.In Victorian era women was arranged by wealth and class. Jane’s independence could have been considered a huge accomplishment. If Jane had stayed at Lowood, she could have never met Rochester. In a Marxist point of view Jane’s separation from her social structure, marked by her unique boldness, helps her succeed over the average woman in Victorian era. If Jane had stayed at Lowood, she would have never met her emotional success. She is searching for the strong bonds in family. Jane naturally could not be confined to a dull place. In a Marxist point of view, the average woman would be content with her position in life. She had food and a roof over her head. Before this, she had nothing. Jane’s idea of success led her to Rochester and the love she never had. Jane’s unique traits of boldness, courage, strong will all help her succeed in her time. But Charlotte Bronte wants to express the restrictions upon women during that time. By expressing these hardships she writes a work and defines the hardship of her social structure due to the economic base of its time. Although Victorian era has long since passed, Jane Eyre’s character traits have not. In each person, we can find strong will, courage, and boldness. Though her story, her traits still live on, and still lead to success.2.1.4 Her Pursuit of True LoveLove is the most beautiful thing in the world. There is no difference in front of true love. True love should not be measured by social status, fortune, age, rights. Most people like to pursue very romantic love. But I think, it is very important for a manand woman to have the same aim and find a perfect response. Shakespeare said, “The course of true love never did run smooth.” (Shakespeare,1996:31) Jane and Rochester find true love after a lot of sufferings.When Jane finds her falls in love with Mr. Rochester, who has wisdom and rich experience, she is not afraid. Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester have large social status disparity, but Jane dares to love Mr. Rochester. She believes everyone is equal. Mr. Rochester does not know whether Jane loves him, so he pretends to marry a rich woman. And the woman is very noble. When Jane hears this news, she is very angry. She pursues equality, not wealth; She pursues the equal combination of two hearts, not position. After she knows Mr. Rochester has a wife, she leaves Thornfield, but she finally goes back to Thornfield. At that time. Mr. Rochester has bad health and becomes blind, she still loves to accompany him.2.2 Jane Eyre’s Negative PersonalityOn the one hand, Jane Eyre is calm, rational, and independent. On the other hand, she is self-abased and conventional.2.2.1 Jane Eyre’s Self-abasementSelf-abasement is a normal psychology for every person. To some extent, it can make us have a clear judgment on ourselves. Self-abasement is not frightening. The vital thing is how we defeat it and walk out of its shadow. But Jane Eyre can not go out of this shadow, it surpasses the normal degree, it becomes a fixed factor in her character. It always perplexes her.Jane Eyre feels she is not good-looking, she feels tiny and low about her out-looking. It shows that she is self-contemptuous. In Thornfield, When Rochester shows her his love she shows self-contemptuous again. What makes her suspect Rochester’s love is her self-abased mood. When she faces Miss Ingram, Jane is hesitant. Miss Ingram is beautiful and wealthy. Jane Eyre compares herself with Miss Ingram, then makes a conclusion “He can not love me forever”. Jane is not brave enough, she pursues the equality. After Jane and Rochester fall in love with each other and get ready to got married, she unfortunately come to know that Rochester had got a legal wife, she seems to be the shadow following Rochester, and it leads toRochester’s moodiness all the time. At that time, the wedding is canceled. Rochester wants Jane to accompany him to the south of France, at France they would live as husband and wife, though they could not be married. Although Jane still loves Rochester, she refuses. She refuses to betray the God-given morals and principles she has always believed in—“I care for myself. Not having a friend more as being lonelier, the more wanting self-respect, as not having person help, our more” (Charlotte Bronte, 2006:11). Most of us think the sentences express Jane as the master of herself, and she is very independent. But I think, the action shows her inactive attitude towards her love. For the future, she is not confident. She loves Rochester but she is not brave enough. She is not brave to express her love, the love is not strong enough to let her fight against convention and secular vision. So, she chooses to flee from there.Knowing Rochester’s misfortune, Jane decides to stay with him forever. But Jane still chooses to leave when Rochester needed her most. So, we can see, Jane is not brave to fight for her love. She compromises to the traditional concept of marriage. Jane’s love is controlled by other things and other people.2.2.2 Jane Eyre’s Worship of Traditional MarriageJane resists to put her marriage on the religious. She can’t give up her deep love to Rochester, she can’t stand a marriage without love. Her love for Mr. Rochester has nothing to do with appearance, prosperity, social status and other such things, just for love. Her love needs courage to break traditional concepts. She dares to speak out her love for Mr. Rochester but gives up the love for personal quality.But Jane Eyre yields to traditional marriage which lets us feel disappointed. Jane thinks Bertha Mason represents the will of law. What she needs to do is to give up. She has no chance to strive for love. Because of her worship of traditional marriage, she has no courage to pursue her love. She decides to leave Rochester. At the end, she becomes the loyal defender of traditional marriage.3. Causes of Jane Eyre’s Personality3.1 Causes of Jane Eyre’s Positive PersonalityJane has a plain character, she is attractive. She is a kind girl with soft heart. She pursues equality and the equal combination of two hearts. She is poor but aspiring, small in figure but huge in soul.3.1.1 Influence of Jane Eyre’s SufferingsJane Eyre is an orphan, since early childhood, she feels deserted, exiled. The cruel treatment she receives from her cousins and her Aunt Reed makes her feel lonely. Being worried about not going to find a true sense of home, Jane feels the necessity of finding a home. Then, Jane is sent away to Lowood School, at there she wants to enrich herself with knowledge and learns practical skills for women in that age. In order to cover her shortage, Jane smartly endeavors to gain more aesthetic female accomplishment, which includes speaking French, playing the piano. In the end, Jane is almost versatile.3.1.2 Influence of Social Background in Victorian AgeIn Britain, Victorian time is a great era. Victorian spirit is still influencing Britain until now. The former British prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher has ever said that Victorian value is the value of British prosperous age. Because the prosperity of the society, the release of productive forces, those middle class has leisure time, so they can arrange their time. People are influenced by the leading ideological trend of utilitarianism, seeking the spirit of universal fraternity and democracy.In Britain, at that time, the only occupation for women was teaching as school mistresses or serving as governesses in private families. In Victorian time, the moral code for women was that they should remain ignorant. So, in the novel, young girls, who went out alone in the world and suffered various trials, temptation and miseries, had been popular in England for over a century. Charlotte Bronte and Jane Eyre challenged the traditional discrimination to women.3.2 Causes of Jane Eyre’s Negative PersonalityJane Eyre’s plain appearance and the author’s personal experience lead to JaneEyre’s negative Characters.3.2.1 Influence of Jane Eyre’s Plain AppearanceAppearance is very important for woman. When people evaluate a woman, appearance is very important. Jane Eyre is weak and short. In childhood, Jane Eyre is deeply self-abased for her appearance. When she sees her beautiful cousins, she thinks “I know that had I been a sanguine, brilliant, careless, exacting, handsome, romping, child-though equally dependent and friendless-Mrs.Reed would have endured my presence more complacently; her children would have entertained for me more of the cordiality of fellow-feeling; the servants would have been less prone to make me the scapegoat of the nursery.”(Charlotte Bronte, 2006:44) She thinks the reason why people do not like her is because her appearance. It makes her feel more self-abased. When Mrs.Read punishes her, she thinks it is very natural. She thinks Ingram is very beautiful. She feels self-abasement. She thinks she cannot complete with Ingram. She hides herself.3.2.2 Influence of Charlotte BronteJane Eyre has lots of similarities with Charlotte Bronte. Her experiences are the mirror of Charlotte Bronte. They have similar family background, similar boarding school experiences, similar feminism, similar vision of love and similar appearance. They are both normal, Jane is an orphan, Charlotte Bronte’s mother died when she was very young. They both live their life by working as a governess. In a word, Jane Eyre reflects Charlotte Bronte in many ways. She is eager to have a warm family even though she had experienced so many difficulties before that. She puts her experiences to Jane’s growth to make her strong and tough, letting her overcome hardship before she got her happiness. Jane Eyre’s life was Charlotte’s ideal life. Though there are a lot of sufferings, there are still a happy ending waiting for her, which is the reward of her determination.4. ConclusionJane Eyre is the famous work of Charlotte Bronte. Jane is such a great woman, for she dares to challenge people’s traditional opinions. Her so many beautiful personalities make her a charming woman. From a weak small orphan girl in lower class. Jane Eyre ultimately gains a happy life. It is seldom is British society as that time, especially she owns nothing, has a plain appearance. The success she has gained wholly decided by her hardworking and lasting pursuit.In Jane’s path of life, Jane dares to rebel and struggle for equality, freedom and happiness. When Jane knows Rochester has already got married, she is able to control herself better than many men who would n ever be able to. Jane does not want to be Rochester’s mistress. Although Jane gets heavy hit, but she leaves resolutely, poor, lonely and homeless. She thinks she can live by herself. She is not only realistic but also ideal, self-confident but shy before strangers. Charlotte Bronte gives Jane a character that full of contrasts, and Jane Eyre really has a complex character. She learns how to live because of her childhood’s environment. And Jane Eyre’s growing experience makes her wise and smart. She thinks self-respect is necessary. Jane Eyre denies the inequality of marriage. She pursues the equality between man and women. Though social condition influenced her, she has some negative characters—too devout, self-contemptuous. She is still a great woman. Although Jane Eyre is a girl with little figure, she is strong inside. She never gives in to pursue her true love.Bibliography[1] 廖素清.An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Personality of Independence[J].牡丹江教育学院学报，2007年第3期.27-31.[2] Zhu Qingying. Jane Eyre[M]. YiWei Press, 1989. 37-49[3] 赵丽君.The Character in British Fiction: A Critical History[M].上海外语教育出版社, 2008.[4] Charlotte, Bronte, Jane Eyre, 上海:上海世纪图书出版公司, 2003, 16—39[5] Liu Jiangyan, “An Analysis of the Development of Jane Eyre’s Characters”[J],《西江大学学报》1997,（1）:51—57.[6] Yang Xiaojing. “Jane Eyre: Contradictions in Women”[J],《安徽文学》, 20（4）:18—19.[7] 刘丽. 谈《简·爱》中的典型人物简爱[J] 辽宁高职学报, 1999,(1):2-3.[8] 陈小兆, 萧好章. 从“失乐园”到“复乐园”——《简爱》故事情节的“圣经”原型意象[J]. 井冈山师范学院学报[J], 2002,(4): 1-3.[9] 毛竹生. 简爱的出走与自我实现[J]. 济南教育学院学报, 2001,(6): 5-6.[10] 毛竹生. 简爱的成长之路及其心理机制[J]. 邯郸师专学报, 2001,(2):2-3[11] 梁晨. 宿命的选择——对《简爱》中爱与女性独立意识的重读[J].安徽文学(下半月),2011,(5): 21-40.[12] 赵竹轩.《简爱》的叙述语言与主人公的个性发展[J].,2011,(8): 32-43.[13] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特著，祝庆英译. 《简爱》[M].上海：上海译文出版社，1980235-394.AcknowledgmentsFirst of all, I would like to express my thanks to all those people who helped me during the writing of this paper. Without their help, this thesis would have been impossible.I am extremely grateful to my tutorXXX for her valuable direction and suggestion, for her constant encouragement and generosity in spending her precious time on my paper.Special thanks also goes to XXX where gives me the opportunity to study English. Therefore I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the respectful teachers who have taught me during my undergraduate study.Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my dear parents, for their encouragement and always supporting to finish this paper.。

四川教育学院本科学生毕业论文Title: An Analysis of the Concept of Jane Eyre’s Love 题目：简•爱的爱情系（院）：英语系专业名称：英语教育年级：09 级 2 班学生姓名闫春萍学号：__________________指导老师：王枫林职称：教授2010年月Table of contents1.Introduction (3)2.Jane Eyre’s Personality (5)2.1 Jane Eyre’s Adamancy (5)2.1.1. Jane Eyre’s Life at Her Aunt’s Home (5)2.1.2. Jane Eyre’s SchoolLife (5)2. 1. 3 Jane Eyre Looking for a Job in the Town (6)3. Jane Eyre’s Self-respect (6)3.1.Jane Eyre Meeting with Mr. Rochester (6)3.2. Jane Eyre Falling in Love with Mr. Rochester (8)3. 3. Jane Eyre Deviating from Mr. Rochester (9)3.4. Jane Eyre Refusing Mr. St. John River’s Courting (10)4.Con clusion (11)5.bibli ography (12)An Analysis of the Concept of Jane Eyre’s Love Grade:09 Class:2 Yan chunping Instructor:Wang FenglingAbstract:Jane Eyre is a piece of autobiographical fiction. It is Charlotte. Bronte’s first novel published in 1849. The novel creates a female image who is against social pressure with rebellion and independence. It is filled with love, passion and reason, and maintains its unique artistic charm. This thesis analyzes some major characters in the novel a nd takes a lot of examples to show the author’s meaning and reflect the theme. This kind of description makes the figure a real person with blood and flesh. It also reflects the author’s resistant spirit. The Heroine of Jane Eyre, a plain and little girl, lives under traditional pressure to pursue for independence and love loyalty. This thesis analyzes her personality. Under her adamancy and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love. Furthermore, the thesis tells us the Heroine’s love standpoint that the love should rely on the independent economy and should be equal in their spirit for both the lovers.Key Words:Love; self-respect; rebellion; women consciousness摘要:《简.爱》是一部自传体小说，它是夏洛蒂.勃朗特的第一部长篇小说。

《简爱》论文英文参考文献《简爱》论文英文参考文献文章类型：参考文献英文参考文献本文是一篇参考文献，在文档中需要多次引用同一文献时，在第一次引用此文献时需要制作尾注，再次引用此文献时点“插入|交叉引用”，“引用类型”选“尾注”，引用内容为“尾注编号（带格式）”，然后选择相应的文献，插入即可。

简爱论文英文参考文献一：[1]谭炯。

An Analysis of the Feminism in Jane Eyre[J]. 读与写（教育教学刊），2014,11（07）：6.[2]王琳，卢芳，李思萌。

Strict Social Hierarchy in Victorian Age--The background of Jane Eyre[J]. 科技展望，2014,（17）：237.[3]赵艳梅。

An Interpretation of Jane Eyre's Feeling of Inferiority at Gateshead in Jane Eyre[J]. 海外英语，2015,（04）：237-239+250.[4]刘佳，JU Jing. The Reflection of Modern Females' Prominent Qualities in Jane Eyre[J]. 海外英语，2015,（06）：173-174.[5]吴娟娟。

“There is Always The Other Side”: Deconstruction of English Identity and Masculinity--Intertextuality between Wide Sargasso Sea and Jane Eyre[J]. 海外英语，2015,（09）：187-189.[6]吴学进，符章琼。

A Unity of Contradictions-An Analysis of Jane Eyre's Character[J]. 海外英语，2012,（03）：214-215+222.[7]张哲。

学校代码：10904学士学位论文《简爱》赏析姓名：学号：指导教师：学院：专业：完成日期：枣庄学院外国语学院学士学位论文Jane Appreciation摘要《简爱》是19世纪英国批判现实主义文学作家夏洛蒂勃朗特的代表作。

它成功地塑造了英国文学史中第一个对爱情、生活、社会以及宗教都采取了独立自主的积极进取态度和敢于斗争、敢于争取自由平等地位的女性形象。

从简爱中我学到了永远不要放弃对生活的希望，对爱情的执着。

《简爱》通过时代背景的对照，夏洛蒂•勃朗特本人与简•爱在个人经历、自身条件、心态的对照以及夏洛蒂•勃朗特生活中人物与小说中主要人物的对照，对《简•爱》这部具有浓厚自传色彩的作品进行分析, 从而进一步指出: 简•爱这个坚强独立、敢于反抗和追求平等地位的女性实际上是夏洛蒂•勃朗特本人真实的写照，《简•爱》这部作品也正是作者生活的写照。

本文主要从简爱的性格特点以及人的价值=尊严+爱进行分析。

通过简爱对爱情的执着来体现生活中的真善美。

关键词：希望，执着，平等，尊严，价值AbstractJane Eyre is a representative work of Charlotte Bronte who is an English critical realist writer of the 19th century.It successfully presents the first female character in the history of English literature who takes an independent and positive attitude towards love, life, society and religion and dares to struggle and strive for freedom and equality.I learn from Janenever give up hope for life,to love the persistent. This article through the background control, Charlotte Bront and Jane love in personal experience and their own conditions, attitude control and Charlotte Bront life characters and stories of the main characters in the control, the" Jane love" this strong autobiographical works for analysis, thus further pointed out: Jane love the strong and independent, daring to struggle and the pursuit of equal status of women is actually Charlotte Bront himself a true portrayal," Jane love" this work is the author of life. This paper is chiefly an analysis of Jane Eyre’s character trait and the equation that human value is equal to dignity plus love.It is by Jane to love the persistent to relect the true love.Key words:hope, persistent,equality,dignity,value目录摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION (1) (2)1.1.1WRITING BACKGROUND (2)1.1.2SOCIAL BACKGROUND (3)1.2A BOUT AUTHOR (7)CHAPTER TWO ANALYSIS JANE (9)2.1THE BEAUTY OF HUMAN NATURE OF J ANE (9)2.2T HE PERSISTENT OF PURSUIT OF LOVE (10)CHAPTER THREE CONLUSION (12)WORK CITES (14)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (14)Chapter one introductionJane Eyre is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published in London, England, in 1847 with the title Jane Eyre. An Autobiography under the pen name "Currer Bell". The Penguin edition describes it as an "influential feminist text" because of its in-depth exploration of a strong female character's feelings. The novel merges elements of three distinct genres. It has the form of a Bildungsroman, a story about a child's maturation, focusing on the emotions and experiences that accompany growth to adulthood. The novel also contains much social criticism, with a strong sense of morality at its core, and finally has the brooding and moody quality and Byronic character typical of Gothic fiction.It is a novel often considered ahead of its time due to its portrayal of the development of a thinking and passionate young woman who is both individualistic, desiring for a full life, while also highly moral. Jane evolves from her beginnings as a poor and plain woman without captivating charm to her mature stage as a compassionate and confident whole woman. As she matures, she comments much on the complexities of the human condition. Jane also has a deeply pious personal trust in God, but is also highly self-reliant. Although Jane suffers much, she is never portrayed as a damsel in distress who needs rescuing. For this reason, it is sometimes regarded as an important early feminist (or proto-feminist) novel.Jane Eyre is a poor but aspiring small in body but huge in soul obscure but self-respecting girl. After we close the covers of the book after having a long journey of the spirit Jane Eyre a marvelous figure has left us so much to recall and to think: We remember her goodness: for someone who lost arms and blinded in eyes for someone who despised her for her ordinariness and even for someone who had hurt her dee ply in the past. We remember her pursuit of justice. It’s like a companion with the goodness. But still a virtuous person should promote the goodness on one side and must check the badness on the other side. We remember her self-respect and the clear situa tion on equality. In her opinion everyone is the same at the God’s feet. Though there are differences in status、in property and also in appearance but all the humanbeing are equal in personality. We also remember her striving for life her toughness and her confidence.When we think of this girl what she gave us was not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply but a huge charm of her personality. Actually she wasn’t pretty and of course the ordinary appearance didn’t make others feel good of her even her own aunt felt disgusted with it. And some others even thought that she was easy to look down on and to tease so when Miss Ingram met Jane Eyre she seemed quite contemptuous for that she was obviously much more prettier than ‘the plain and ugly governess’. But as the little governess had said: ‘Do you think because I am poor obscure plain and little I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!’ This is the idea of equality in Jane Eyre’s mind. God hadn’t given her beauty and wealt h but instead God gave her a kind mind and a thinking brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impress us so much and let us feel the power inside her body.If you want to know the famous novel,you must first of it thoroughly understang the background.Through the background,we can have a better understanding of it.We can also the author.writing backgroundJane eyre by 1847 is an autobiography composition is very thick novels, though the story is fictional books, but the heroine and many other character of life, the environment, even many of life's details, are taken from the author and the surrounding people true experience. The author, charlotte Bronte 1816 was born in northern England a family pastor. Mother, age eight premature death was sent to charlotte a boarding school. There is bad living conditions, two of her sister died because of infected with lung disease and successively. So charlotte and sister Emily returned home to, in the desolate Yorkshire mountain spent his childhood. 15 years old when she entered the miss WuLe do school, a few years later when teachers in this school. Then she was a teacher, but because family cannot bear to a lady miss, broadly tutor discrimination and mean and give up the family teacher living way. Shewas going to school, so she self-governance in the support of your mother go to Italy with Emily study French and German. However, since no one came to attend school can't be done. But she is in Italian learning experience inspired her strong desire to express themselves in the literary creation, prompted her into the road."Jane eyre" write in 1846, is charlotte second novel. She borrowed a risen from poverty young woman struggles, to express his bosom, integrated su deeply touched when readers. Novels in 1847 autumn to the pseudonym of kohler bell, published in the next year they have immediately twice reprint. The author of an unknown technocrat, charlotte Bronte, thus enter the famous British novelist ranks.Jane eyre by unique not only lies in the novel of authenticity and strong artistic appeal, lies in the novel in shaping a unyielding secular pressure, independent, the positive enterprising female image. Novels in Jane eyre love story for rochester, vividily as the fire was the enthusiasm and sincere heart, strongly reveals her love. She wont convergence of the stupid and mocked them rdominating self-improvement and self-reliance, shows the personality and good ideal. She loved boldly love, but when she found herself loved ones and wife, and resolutely left her and places of reluctance. Novel expressed thought that women unwilling designated their status and social requirements at work that marriage equality, independent was extraordinary, England's literary is big to vibrate. The fictional novel describing the ending, legacy, obtained eyre back alone and helpless rochester side. This action although worth deliberate, but it show the author's ideal -- women in economic, social status and the independent family to the love of equality and faithful move.social backgroundFor from Jane eyre by analysis, to charlotte's purpose of writing, descriptions, we can see "she" (charlotte Bronte's or her autobiography the hero Jane) religious consciousness is distinctive (with the progress of the society at that time significance). It is not an accidental appear, can say is a society period the embodiment of the human spirit, a generation of reflect social thought. 18 th century, British capitalism development is rapid, along with the beginning of the industrial revolution, the factoryset up, the proletariat formed gradually, at the same time, the enclosures scale, a largenumber of farmers bankrupt, stray around the country, and the city is. Social composition and social life of the violent change, the traditional religious belief in the role of the masses were severely weakened. In the church of England corruption, moral corruption, crime, by increasing of the 1784 John Wesley (John Wesley1703-1791) established in Britain independent sectarian--Wesley religious, it belongs to the protestant reformation traditional, tries to save the crisis, Renaissance Christian faith. To adapt to the 18 th century Britain, the development of capitalism, this denominations accept and strengthen some neglected in the history of the protestant factions of the doctrine: think saved both with grace, also depends on the individual freedom of choice, all people have saved may, by the holy spirit, the reach of the love of god for others completely, obtain perfect Christ character, in theology, not baked in one over Emphasize the holy spirit has made people of faith and reform the power of the Christian life, religion is the core of man and god's personal contact. In the social view, pay great attention to the lower class, advocate social improvement. On the other hand, this sectarian ask believers pious read the bible, strict religious life, improve the moral level and innovation appearance, and strict church groups, insist on the bottom a mission. This sectarian in Britain by the support of the masses. Bronte sisters from the father of Jane eyre by analysis, the creation of charlotte's intentions descriptions, we can see "she" (charlotte Bronte's or her autobiography the hero Jane) religious consciousness is distinctive (with the progress of the society at that time significance). It is not an accidental appear, can say is a society period the embodiment of the human spirit, a generation of reflect social thought. 18 th century, British capitalism development is rapid, along with the beginning of the industrial revolution, the factory set up, the proletariat formed gradually, at the same time, the enclosures scale, a large number of farmers bankrupt, stray around the country, and the city is.Social composition and social life of the violent change, the traditional religious belief in the role of the masses were severely weakened. In the church of England corruption, moral corruption, crime, by increasing of the 1784 John Wesley (JohnWesley1703-1791) established in Britain independent sectarian--Wesley religious, it belongs to the protestant reformation traditional, tries to save the crisis, Renaissance Christian faith. To adapt to the 18 th century Britain, the development of capitalism, this denominations accept and strengthen some neglected in the history of the protestant factions of the doctrine: think saved both with grace, also depends on the individual freedom of choice, all people have saved may, by the holy spirit, the reach of the love of god for others completely, obtain perfect Christ character, in theology, not baked in one oven. Emphasize the holy spirit has made people of faith and reform the power of the Christian life, religion is the core of man and god's personal contact. In the social view, pay great attention to the lower class, advocate social improvement. On the other hand, this sectarian ask believers pious read the bible, strict religious life, improve the moral level and innovation appearance, and strict church groups, insist on the bottom a mission. This sectarian in Britain by the support of the masses. Bronte sisters father Patrick bront? Is this sectarian priests. Mrs Bronte's death, her sister Elizabeth comprised of aram will care of the child's life, she has a rigorous teaching style of pragmatic Wesley. With Wesley sect of the ties, in Bronte sisters had important influence upon. This paper in their own attitude, when emotions and feelings is shown. In another important aspects need to focus on is: show thought consciousness can be called Europe bourgeois revolution (especially the 1836 British charter reform movement) in the forefront of the symptoms, is just a penetration in Europe of culture important factors, the religious in go to. This in Russia, China pougatcheff uprising taiping revolution has similar effects. Patrick Bronte is the sectarian priests. Mrs Bronte's death, her sister Elizabeth comprised of aram will care of the child's life, she has a rigorous teaching style of pragmatic Wesley. With Wesley sect of the ties, in Bronte sisters had important influence upon. This paper in their own attitude, when emotions and feelings is shown. In another important aspects need to focus on is: show thought consciousness can be called Europe bourgeois revolution (especially the 1836 British charter reform movement) in the forefront of the symptoms, is just apenetration in Europe of culture important factors, the religious in go to. This in Russia, China pougatcheff uprising taiping revolution has similar effect s.1.2About authorCharlotte Brontë(April 21, 1816 – March 31, 1855) was an English novelist, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels have become enduring classics of English literature. Life and worksCharlotte Brontë was born at Thornton, in Yorkshire, England, the third of six children, to Patrick Brontë (formerly "Patrick Brunty"), an Irish Anglican clergyman, and his wife, Maria Branwell. In April 1820 the family moved to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate. Maria Branwell Brontë died of cancer on 15 September 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to the care of her sister Elizabeth Branwell. In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire (which she would describe as Lowood School in Jane Eyre). Its poor conditions, Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development, and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in 1825 soon after they were removed from the school.At home in Haworth Parsonage, Charlotte and the other surviving children —Branwell, Emily, and Anne —were influenced by their father's library of Walter Scott, Byron, Tales of the Genii and The Arabian Nights. They began chronicling the lives and struggles of the inhabitants of their imaginary kingdoms. Charlotte and Branwell wrote stories about their country — Angria — and Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about theirs — Gondal. The sagas were elaborate and convoluted (and still exist in part manuscripts) and provided them with an obsessive interest in childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood. Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head school in Mirfield from 1831 to 1832, where she met her lifelong friends and correspondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor. Charlotte returned as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839 she took up the first of many positions as governess to various families in Yorkshire, a careershe pursued until 1841. In 1842 she and Emily travelled to Brussels to enroll in a pensionnat run by Constantin Heger (1809–1896) and his wife Claire ZoëParent Heger (1804–1890). In return for board and tuition, Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. Their time at the pensionnat was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell, their aunt who joined the family after the death of their mother to look after the children, died of internal obstruction in October 1842. Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to take up a teaching post at the pensionnat. Her second stay at the pensionnat was not a happy one; she became lonely, homesick, and deeply attached to Constantin Heger. She finally returned to Haworth in January 1844 and later used her time at the pensionnat as the inspiration for some of The Professor and Villette. Portrait of Charlotte Brontë, 1873,Charlotte and her father were now left alone. In view of the enormous success of Jane Eyre, she was persuaded by her publisher to visit London occasionally, where she revealed her true identity and began to move in a more exalted social circle, becoming friends with Harriet Martineau, Elizabeth Gaskell, William Makepeace Thackeray and G. H. Lewes. However, she never left Haworth for more than a few weeks at a time as she did not want to leave her aging father's side.In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate. She died nine months later during her first pregnancy. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but there is a school of thought that suggests she may have died from her excessive vomiting caused by severe morning sickness in the early stages of pregnancy. There is also evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Bronte household's oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the family vault in The Church of St. Michael and All Angels, Haworth, West Yorkshire, England.Chapter two analysis JaneJane is a kind and simple girl, although she humble, small, not beautiful. But she has a ersistent heart.2. 1the beauty of human nature of JaneJane beliefs and actions show come out of power, deeply moved by generation after generation of readers heart. Jane, with her own thought and the personality of the rational knowledge, to their own value and emotional independent judgment, face life, shaping self, accept the challenge, obtain perfect and happy life.the life of JaneJane from the lost parents, lodged at aunt home and was not equal treatment. Aunt was later sent to reach lowood charity school, was cold the principal harmony. Hand over a friend Helen during, but dying of infectious diseases.After leaving school she to very well when the family estate damrong phidej teachers. And with actor rochester love each other, and wedding, but the mysterious man block. Male leading role, the first wife to come on stage, a madman. Jane leave. Along the way she beg nearly starved to death, were the priest st John's rescue, the latter for him to seek a rural teachers' professional. Jane uncle John Jane died, twenty thousand pounds heritage. Then st John's going to India missionary, before I leave to Jane to marry him but he frankly told her, he want to marry her not because love her, but he needs a well-bred assistant. Jane think should repay his kindness, but a significant factor in not promised him. That night, in st John's in wild waiting for Jane answer, in Jane eyre will make the decision, she seems to hear rochester in the distant place shout her name "Jane! Jane! Jane!" She decided to return to rochester side. When Jane back to grace, damrong phidej plantations, the whole park into ruins. Originally a few months ago, on a stormy night, crazy woman Bertha set fire to the whole manor, rochester in order to save her, was burned an arm and blind eyes, live alone in a few miles a farm. Jane to farm, to his own love out, they finally get married; Two years later, the rochester one eye be healed, he saw Jane for his first child was born.Jane’s characterJane character has obvious duality, namely Jane both her true, the good and the beautiful and rich strong rebellious characteristics, strong side; Also has a lack of confidence, always feel inferior, and of the pursuit of love and keep old conservative traditional marriage side. But it's also because this kind of dual character, in English literature character gallery, Jane this character image just appear more plump and is more authenticity. Agree with |comment.2.2The persistent of pursuit of loveJane exist in a parents... sponsor environment, since the childhood under age not the same treatment, aunt abandon, cousin contempt, cousin insults and beaten up...... This is a child of the dignity of ruthless trample, but that's because all this, change back to Jane. Love infinite confidence and strong and unyielding spirit, a victory over the inner personality strength.In front of rochester, she never because he's a status of teachers and beneath the family feel inferior, but think they are equal. Should not because she's servant, and not respected by others. It is because of her integrity, exalted, pure, have not been secular society heart pollution, making rochester to shock, and take her as a can and himself in the spirit of equality in conversation, and slowly deeply in love with her. His sincerity, let she moved, she accepted him.And when they get married of that day of, Jane. Love to know the rochester has a wife, she felt she had to leave, she speak thus, "I want to follow god by the law, issued by the world I will hold me awake and not in like this when the principle of crazy accept", "I want to firmly hold this position". This is Jane told rochester she must reason to leave, but speak from the heart, to a new level of consciousness to his stuff is Jane cheated, her self-esteem was mocked, because she loved rochester, ask which woman can take it was their most trust, the most intimate people cheat? Jane weathered, but also made a very rational decision. In such a very strong power to love surrounded under, in a beautiful, rich life temptation, she still to stand as a personal dignity, this is Jane most to have the spiritual glamour place.Novel design a very light-although the end of rochester estate ruin, he also became a a disabled, but we see, it is such a condition, make Jane no longer in dignity and conflicts between the love,while satisfying--her and rochester got married in the dignity, but also there is love.The novel tells us that our life is the best of the dignity of people with love, the ending of the novel to the heroine of the arrangement is a kind of life. Though I think so of final outcome too perfect, even the perfect itself marks snorkelling, but I still respect the author to the good life ideal-is dignity and love, after all in today's society, will people's value = dignity + love the way the pay of the formula can often help realize the money. People are crazy for money and position seems to be covered and love. In the poor and the rich choice between rich, in love and do not love to choose between not love. Few people will like Jane such as love for personality give up all, and any reservation.Jane eyre have show our is a change numerous for brief, is a kind of art, is a kind of pursuit of the whole heart pay feeling, is a simplified feelings regardless of the gain and loss, it is like a glass of ice water, and purify every reader of mind, also cause readers, especially the resonance of the female readers.Chapter three conlusionThis is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.I don’t know what other s feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especiallywhen I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily.” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know w hat you would get.” (By Forrest Gump’s mother, in the film “Forrest Gump”)What’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation? The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.Work citesa)Jian Tong, sites world classic literature appreciation ". Beijing: Peking University press, 2001.2.b)Yuan Shi Quan, the foreign literature in miniature ". Shanghai: Chinese big dictionary press, 2001.8.c)Fang Zhou, "world literature in speed reading manual". Beijing: China youth press, 1999d)Jin Zhi Hao, the fellow travelers: high school students customize masterpiece, excellent work ". Shanghai: Chinese big dictionary press, 2000.3.e)TaoDeZhen, "world literary classics selections of. Beijing: higher education press, 2002.f) Liang Kun, the foreign literary classics selections of. Beijing: Chinese people's university press, 2002.g)Tian Zhao Yao, the western literary appreciation ". Beijing: China broadh) “M onder British fiction", the HouWeiRui, Shanghai foreign language education press, 1985.i) “The wasteland of heather on short-Bronte sister spread ", ZhangYun the, the,theChina federation of press, 2002k) "Charlotte Bronte letters," charlotte Bronte, r.n., 1984.l) “And when the speaker is said-more narrative learn an introduction”, the ZhaoYiHeng, Chinese people's university press, 1998m) And the novel "rhetoric, (beauty) the jebusites, huaming (Beijing university press, 1987。

从简爱分析夏洛特.勃朗宁An Analysis of Charlotte Bronte’s Feminismfrom Jane Eyre1. IntroductionWhen Jane Eyre was first published in 1847, it was an immediate popular and critical success. George Lewes, a famous Victorian literary critic declared it the best novel of the season. Although the story is fictional, the environment of the heroine as well as many other characters and even many of the details are from the experience of the author and people around. The author expresses her feelings through struggling experiences of a humble young woman, which deeply touches readers. In the 1930s, the contradiction of capitalism was still very sharp. In fact, the story of Jane Eyre is the result of the social development in the course of history- a common woman who is at the bottom of society and suffers social oppression wants to pursue freedom and equality. Her fate shows the strongest protest, which is the pursuit of economic and social rights in that era.Wang Wenhui writes the article Another Aspect of Jane Eyre’s Character-Comment on Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre from Angle of Feminism in which she analyzes the heroine Jane Eyre from her revolt and awakening of feminism, revealing the situation of contemporary British society and women. In the article The Androgynous New Image of Woman-An Analysis of Jane Eyre, Guo Xiaomei considers that Jane Eyre has feminine characteristics such as obedience, but she is more like a strong and brave man. In the article Feminism of Charlotte Bronte, Wang Juxiang summarizes the essence of Charlotte’s feminism as the independence, equality and true love.Western feminists consider Jane Eyre as victory of women against patriarchal oppression, celebrating Jane Eyre’s rebellious feminism. Joyce Carol Oats in the third edition of the novel Introduction says, “In 1847, before Jane Eyre was published, there were some rebellious female images in English literature, but it was unprecedented that Jane Eyre who was humble, ordinary, helpless and disadvantaged confronted consciously powerful patriarchal society.”This paper studies the heroine Jane Eyre to explore into Charlotte Bronte’s feminism. First of all, this paper analyzes the development of Jane’s feminism at three differ ent periods. Then, it givesa brief review of Charlotte’s life experiences and feminism at the time of Victoria. Finally, this paper points out the advancements and limitations of her feminism.Since Jane Eyre was published, it was given a strong sense of feminism. In the Victorian era of male supremacy, Charlotte’s advanced feminism challenged male authority .In this novel, Charlotte Bronte created a pure, thoughtful, self-esteem, stubborn character and gave Jane courage to pursue equality and happiness .Thus Jane Eyre is a representative of rebellious women in the Victorian era. Through the image of the heroine, the author expresses the awakening of feminism and advocates gender equality in love. She puts forward the idea that women should struggle for independence and maintain for human dignity.Many scholars have carried on researches about the heroine in a single aspect. This paper studies the author Charlotte Bronte’s feminism from a comprehensive perspective. The analysis and discussion about feminism not only help to raiseawareness of the whole society to attach great importance to women's issues on the realization of self-awareness and identity , but also means placing themselves in a favorable social status in order to build a society where men and women are equal.2. Analysis of Jane Eyre’s FeminismJane’s feminist consciousness changes widely at different times. Life experiences and surroundings at different periods have a great impact on her feminist consciousness.2.1 Childhood–Building Period of FeminismJane's childhood was not happy. As an orphan, Jane depended on others for a living and suffered the different treatments with her peers from an early age. She entered Gateshead as an orphan and received abuse and bullying from her aunt Mrs. Reed and cousin John. For example, she was often blamed, beaten or imprisoned. Her rebellious spirit can not cover the inferiority in the heart, but this inferiority led her continuous efforts to forge ahead, which promoted Jane’s confidence and self-reliance. 10 -year-old Jane showed a strong spirit of resistance to her own bitter experience. When she heard that her aunt told children to keep away from Jane, she shouted, “They are not fit to associate with me.”(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre,33) His cousin John hated her even more, trying to humiliate and beat Jane. Various oppressions did not vanish her personality but gave her endless power. The pain eventually surpassed her fear, she cursed, “Wicked and cruel boy! You are like a murderer -you are like a slave-driver- you are like the Roman emperors!”(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 7)Jane was kind but she was imprisoned in the Red Room that was dark and cold while her cousin Eliza who was capricious and selfish was respected. Georgiana was cruel and sinister, buteveryone condoned her. John did all day bad things all day but he was still his mother's own darling. She suffered disgrace and was censured by everyone. Little Jane signed with a little emotion, “Unjust!-unjust!” (Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 14)Her inner anger and protest broke out. Although depending on others, little Jane did not continue to be forbearing. She realized that the society was injustice and boldly resisted.John’s violent beatings, aunts’dislike and even all the servants’prejudice made Jane realize blind submission was useless, it would only get situation worse. She realized, “ a moment’s mutiny had already rendered me liable to strange penalties, and, like any other rebel slave, I felt resolved, in my desperation, to go all lengths.”(Charlot te Bronte, Jane Eyre, 9) She understood that only a bold revolt and adherence to the self could survive better. We briefly see commendable spirit of resistance. This stage of life seems to be a fertile ground for nurturing her rebellious spirit. She slowly begins to grow up. At this period, her feminist consciousness has started to take shape.Therefore, we can say that Jane’s feminist consciousness is shaped by her characters.2.2 Y outh–Developing Period of FeminismTo get rid of Jane Eyre, the aunt sent her to Lowood boarding school where Jane also experienced her unusual adolescence. She found that life here was not as wonderful as she had expected. She always suffered hunger and unfair punishment.Mr. Brocklehurst was in charge of the school and he was hypocrisy and greed. He considered the punishment as a way to save the people, forcing all girls cut their hair, treating them like a slave and leaving them cold and hungry .When Jane broke a stool, he let her stand on the stool for a half-hour and openlyinsulted her , calling her a liar. The action made Jane feel very disappointed and painful. She said ,“I had meant to be so good, and to do so much at Lowood: to make morefriends ,to earn respect, and win affection. Already I had made visible progress: I had reached the head of my class; Miss Miller had praised me warmly. I was well received by my fellow-pupils and treated as an equal by those of my own age.”(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 95) Obviously, Jane desired for love and respect. She believed that everyone had an independent mind and had the right to express their own thoughts and feelings .Once abused for no reason, she should not be submissive, but be rebellious.In Lowood, Jane met a friend, Helen Burns. Jane's character is different from Helen’s. She was a devout Christian and always restrained herself, believing in rendering good for evil. So she was submissive when beaten by teachers .We can say that Helen was a microcosm of the majority of women in United Kingdom. In patriarchal society of the nineteenth century in England, women, whether at home or in society, had no place, but were dependent on man. They tended to be tolerant and afraid to express their wishes. But Jane was different and could be regarded as an alien at the time. When she learned teachers in Lowood School were ferocious to Helen, she did not bear them in silence.And Jane extremely hated rude destruction of their principals and teachers. She said to Helen, “When we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard......so as to teach the person who struck us never to do it again.” (Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 75) Helen’s doctrine of endurance or her sympathy for her torturer is against Jane’s belief in fairness and self-respect.From then on, Jane starts to struggle against this unjust society with consciousness.2.3Adult–Mature Period of FeminismWhen Jane Eyre became an adult, she began her career as a governess for Adele in Thornfield .After the contact for a period of time, Jane Eyre was attracted by the owner of the manor. Rochester was friendly and treated people equally.This kind of love in that time of the United Kingdom can be said to be very bold and can not be accepted by the community. In the nineteenth century in England, the family status was very serious, marriage placed more emphasis on good match. Jane Eyre was a underprivileged tutor while Rochester was a rich aristocracy. They were two different people. The difference between family statuses separated them like a huge gap. But Jane was not bound by the secular concepts.Jane loved Rochester neither due to his enormous wealth nor prominent social status, but his soul.It was her honesty, nobility and purity attracted Rochester. As a result, he slowly fell in love with Jane. When Jane found that she lost her heart to Rochester, in the case of such a disparity in the status, she dared to love and believed that people were equal in spirit. Jane had the courage to pursue love and happiness. She boldly challenged the society. When she thought he was going to marry Miss Ingram and still left her at Thornfield , Jane was very angry , “Do you think I'm an automaton?-a machine without feelings ? I have as much soul as you-and full as much heart! we stand at God’s feet , equal-as we are.”(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 373)This passage was like a declaration of women’s independence. Sweet love did not destroy her dignitybut made her feminist consciousness more prominent.When Jane knew that Rochester’s wife was still alive, she chose to leave because of her self-esteem and personal morality. Finally, in the face of Rochester and St. John, Jane still chose true love-Rochester. Although Rochester had nothing at this time, Jane was willing to return to him. From this point, the noble character of Jane Eyre and her pursuit of true love are fully reflected.All those show that Jane’s feminism has been mature.3. Formation of Charlotte Bronte’s Feminism3.1 Influence of Personal Experience of Charlotte BronteCharlotte lived in the Victorian era when British society implemented the bourgeois democratic reforms but women were far from equal rights. The community generally believed that the only way to get out for women was to marry. And Charlotte had no property, no family status and no appearance, naturally excluded from secular rights.Bronte sisters were born in a poor pastor family. Their mother died of lung cancer when they were young, which made the whole family fall into a misfortune. After they lost her mother, children's childhood was like the deep winter without sunshine and joy. Fortunately, their father was knowledgeable. He taught them to read books, which paved the way for later literature life.Due to the miserable life, the Bronte sisters had to spend childhood in a charity school. Two sisters died of lung disease because the living conditions were very poor, which was a very heavy attack to Charlotte. Later, she moved this school into her novel Jane Eyre in memory of her sisters,shaping the figure of a cute little girl Helen Burns. Since then, Charlotte and Emily returned home and studied by themselveswith her brother Branwell and sister Anne.During this period, Charlotte had made great progress in academy. In 1835, Charlotte returned to Herod school to be a teacher. Since then, Charlotte and her sister traveled around as tutor. At that time, the social status of the tutor was low and salaries were meager. So they decided to give up starting their own schools. But in a patriarchal society, the situation that Charlotte sisters faced was very tough.Charlotte died young at 39 years old. We can say that she had been experiencing illnesses and life could be described bitter. She was fully aware that the women received inequality and injustice in aspects of employment, marriage and daily life. Facing the unfair reality, Charlotte was not silent but expressed injustice on behalf of women .Through shaping the figure of Jane Eyre; she affirmed women's own value and dignity, reflecting the strong feminist consciousness.3.2 Influence of Feminism in Victorian Era in BritainIn the Victorian era, despite of the implementation of the bourgeois democratic reform, measures taken by the government did not let women get equal rights. Even the charter movement did not raise the issue of gender equality. Women had no position in society and they were constrained in the family. Her reason for existence was to serve the husband, father, grandfather, brother, guardians, and other sorts of men. From social orthodox point of view, violating the model of angel in the home is a v iolation of a woman’s nature, which is considered as a monster who has no humanity. Therefore, it is easy to see that people view the value of women in a men-centered perspective.Charlotte lived in the United Kingdom during the reign of Queen Victoria when social upheaval as well as clash between theold and new values occurred. Most philosophers and thinkers believed that women were equal to men. Charlotte was a knowledgeable woman, and Enlightenment thought of liberty, equality, fraternity became her source of spiritual ideas. As a career woman, she loved reading and thought more. Self-reliant experience further strengthened her own thinking and understanding of women’s living conditions.Numerous utilitarian marriages led to unhappy couples. Women had to choose mates at themercy of the family, which was the harsh reality in the 19th century England .Charlotte Bronte herself was in such a confused situation. Her life experience and inner feelings prompted her enlightenment, inspiring her to choose and create a new female image Jane Eyre with real feminism.4. Analysis of Charlotte Bronte’s Feminism4.1 Advancements of Feminism4.1.1 Sense of Economic IndependenceThe sense of economic independence was clearly reflected at the beginning of novel. Jane had to rely on others for a living because her father did not leave her a penny. She had no qualification to read in his aunt’s home and could not live together with other children. She had to endure John Reed’s arbitrary, her sisters’arrogance and her aunt’s h atred as well as servants’bias. Later she worked hard as a school teacher with superior talent. She became self-reliant economically.Jane’s pursuit for the economic independence was strong and ran through the novel. Even when falling in love with Rochester, she could not eliminate restlessness produced by the economic gap and was reluctant to accept his gift. Jane and the author herself were typically very similar. Despite of low socialstatus as a tutor, she took a welcome step on the road of self-reliance. They were unable to tolerate such life as women married a good husband and became an angel in the house.Jane desired to participate in social work to change the position of women, which reflected feminism of Charlotte. Although Jane accepted Rochester’s proposal, she refused to accept his gift , saying, “ I only want an easy mind , sir; not crushed by crowded obligations. I shall continue to act as Adele’s governess; by that I shall earn my board and lodging, and thirty pounds a year besides. I shall furnish my own wardrobe out of that money, and you shall give me nothing but your regard” (Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 398) Jane was such an independent and self-reliant woman. She came out from the misery and knew the importance of economic independence. She earned the bread by honest labor. This wisdom still inspires women today to fight for an independent economic status .Only in this way can they obtain an independent personality.Obviously, the author intended to make Jane independent economically. Heritage arrangement was not superfluous but it reflected the author’ thought that it is most important for women to beindependent economically. She knew that if women were not economically independent, there is no full independence and equality in politics and marriage. After Jane received heritage, the author arranged her to marry Rochester who had gone bankrupt as a financially independent woman.4.1.2 Awakening of Female Self-consciousnessOne of the purposes of creating Jane was to arouse women's self- consciousness. Jane reflected her appearance and status at first, “I am poor, obscure, plain, and little. Although I do not lookbright, but always hoping to try to look good, as much as possible to get the goodwill of others. Sometimes I still regret that I'm not beautiful. I am eager to be tall and straight. I feel that my features are so irregular and distinct, which is really a misfortune.”(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 373)A desire for beauty was female nature so Jane was no exception .When she realized that there was a big distance between her own appearance and Ingram’s, Jane hoped to take advantages of her strengths and uniqueness to compensate for the lack of appearance. Her inner voice often warned, “You are not beautiful either, and perhaps Mr. Rochester approves you: at any rate, you have often felt as if he did.”(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 235)Like other women, Jane was eager to have a happy mood, men's care and love.4.1.3 Equal Love and Marriage ConceptCharlotte considered that true love did not depend on any external conditions. In contrast, it could break through obstacles of family status and property. Also it could transcend limitations in many aspects, such as age, status, experience, space and race. She advocated that love and marriage should be based on equality, rather than losing personality.Jane’s love declaration of independence to Rochester was shocking. “Do you think because I am poor ... I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you-and full as much heart! And if God had fitted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionality. nor even of mortal flesh: it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as ifboth had passes through the grave, and we stand at God’s feet , equal-as we are.”(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 373)This passage was the best expression of the concept of equality, the protest of the bourgeois patriarchal society and the resolute safeguard of the women’s dignity.This insight not only reflects the noble morality from the lower status of civilian women, but also shows rebellion and challenge against England’s utilitarian marriage.4.2 Limitations of FeminismWe appreciate advancements of Charlotte’s feminism, aiming to draw beneficial spiritual strength. Great as Charlotte, she is not perfect so her feminism is subject to the limitations of her life era. We must point out its limitations.4.2.1 Jane Eyre’s Inferiority, Fear and EvasionThe so-called inferiority is arising due to underestimate their own emotional experience in comparison with others. The formation of this inferiority is associated with her environment and personality.“poor, obscure, plain , and little.”(Charlotte Bronte,Jane Eyre, 373)All these were Jane’s evaluation of her appearance.At Thornfield, Jane’s strong sense of inferiority appeared. When Jane just heard there was a noble and beautiful rival, she wanted to kill off her own budding love without hesitation. She said to herself , “So , listen, then, Jane , to your sentence : Tomorrow ,place the glass before you, draw in chalk your own picture, faithfully, without softening one defect; omit no harsh line, smooth away no displeasing irregularity, writer under it, Portrait of a Governess, disconnected, poor, and plain. ”(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, 234) All these showed herinferiority, fear and even evasion.When the mad woman’s true identity was revealed, Jane’s second spiritual crisis happened. Choosing between being a mistress or giving up love, she reluctantly chose the latter. Her abandon belonged to a psychologically avoidance behavior which meant that people consciously avoided something unwilling to accept, or even disgust events, thus avoiding negative stimuli behavior. Avoidance behavior was a kind of escape behavior, which was characterized by mental inferiority. The founder of individual psychology Alfred Adler said that when an individual faced a question that he was unable to cope with, the inferiority emerged. Jane’s departure indicated she did not dareto face the reality and also could not control the gush of inferiority.4.2.2 The Barriers of Patriarchal TraditionAs a pioneer of liberal feminism in the 19th century, Charlotte created a self-conscious and independent heroine in her work Jane Eyre. Also the heroine had the courage to pursue love and marriage based on equality. All these characters were positive and progressive. However, the author still suffered from the limitations of the times and could not get rid of the negative impact of the patriarchal culture. The ultimate destination of Jane was to live with Rochester.Jane was a shadow of the writer Charlotte. Jane’s characters and behaviors reflected C harlotte’s views. The famous psychoanalytic literary critic Albert Mordell noted that literature was a personal voice on behalf of the author’s entire personality. His or her present and past, pleasure and pain were taken into the creative process. Charlotte was not opposed to acting as awife and mother. She later did so. Therefore, the return of Jane Eyre could be considered as illustration of Charlotte’s feminism. She was an exemplary of British bourgeois intellectuals in the 19th century. Charlotte was born in pastor family and received strict traditional education so her thoughts were affected by patriarchal culture.5. ConclusionIn summary, Charlotte Bronte’s feminism is discussed through analyzing the heroine Jane’s feminism. We can see that Charlott e’s feminism has more advancements than limitations.By shaping a new female image Jane who has a strong sense of independence and rebellious spirit, the author expressed the awakening of feminism. For instance, she put forward gender equality in love and marriage. Also she advocated women should fight for independence and human dignity. All these showed her concern and reflection on women's liberation. However, the social environment that Charlotte Bronte was exposed to led to inevitable limitations.At present, with the continuous development of the times as well as the rapid progress of science, the status of women has been greatly improved. The voice of gender equality also causes widespread concern in the community. Theoretically, they have equal rights with men to some extent, such as politics, economy, education, marriage and so on. In modern society, for women, marriage is no longer the only conceivable mode of existence. Many women are valued fully. They devote their talents and energy into business, which fully reflects their views of life. Love is needed as a basis for mutual independence and equality. However, a lot of phenomena show that there are many factors affecting gender equality. Thus, it is necessary to encouragewomen to seek independence and equality. Only in this way, can women and men live in the world harmoniously.Jane Eyre is an independent woman’s masterpiece. The heroine Jane Eyre is the mirror of Charlotte Bronte. Her feminism not only has obvious advancements in the Victorian England but also gives modern people a deep ponder in her fight for equality and freedom.Works Cited1. Charlotte, Bronte. Jane Eyre [M].Oxford: Oxford University Press , 19922. Elizabeth, Gaskell .The life of Charlotte Bronte [M].London:Routhledge/Thoemmes Press,18573. Joyce Carol Oats. Introduction of Jane Eyre[M].London: Bantam Books, 19834. Sally Shuttleworth, Charlotte Bronte and Victorian Psychology[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 19965.http://www.online_/doc/af13449183.html,/eliza beth_gaskell/charlotte_bronte6. 阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒,《自卑与超越》[M].黄光国,译.北京:作家出版社,19867. 郭笑梅，《双性同体的新女性——简爱形象新析》[J].四川外语学院学报,20018.康丹,《论夏洛蒂·勃朗特的妇女观——解读<简爱>中的自我意识和自卑心理》[J].湖北社会科学,20079.刘慧英，《走出男权传统的樊窝》,北京: 三联书店,199510.卢玉玲，《略论<简·爱>妇女观的局限性及其根源》[J].西安外国语大学报，199611.莫达尔,《爱与文学》[M].郑秋水,译.长沙:湖南文艺出版社，198712.朴明珠，《从女性主义视角解读<简·爱>》[J].前沿，201213.王文慧，《简·爱性格的另一面-以女权主义批评解读夏洛蒂·勃朗特的<简·爱>》[J].哈尔滨学院学报，200314.王菊香，《夏洛蒂·勃朗特的女权主义》[J].绥化师专学报，200315.夏洛蒂·勃朗特,《简·爱》[M].祝庆英,译.上海:上海译文出版社, 200116.夏洛蒂·勃朗特，《简·爱》[M].杨静远,译.北京:生活?读书?新知,三联书店,198417.张佐娟,《<简·爱>中的婚姻观》[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报，2000。

On Analysis of Jane’s Love View（简析简的爱情观）摘要《简爱》是英国文学史上的一部经典传世之作，它成功地塑造了英国文学史中第一个对爱情、生活、社会以及宗教都采取了独立自主的积极进取态度和敢于斗争、敢于争取自由平等地位的女性形象。

简是一个意志坚强，追求独立，敢于反对封建礼教，敢于抵制封建宗教的压迫与束缚的女孩。

正是因为简的独特而高尚的性格特点深深的吸引了罗切斯特，而简爱上罗切斯特并不是因为他的财富，身份地位，而是他的才华。

简追求的是纯洁而特别的爱情，在简的眼里，爱情就是爱情，与金钱，身份，地位毫无关系。

即使自己是一个地位低下的家庭教师，而罗切斯特却是一个有身份，地位的贵族，但是简并没有因为这些因素放弃对罗切斯特的爱，爱了就爱了，后来一场大火毁了罗切斯特的一切，他不再是那个拥有一切的完美的人，而是一个落魄的残疾人，但是让我们钦佩的是简却选择了与罗切斯特同甘共苦。

就这样简谱写了一段美好的爱情，她向我们诠释了什么是真爱，她让我们明白了爱情的真谛。

关键词:简.爱，坚强，独立，反抗的精神，纯洁的爱ABSTRACTJane Eyre is a classic literature masterpieces in the history of English, as it shaped the history of English literature, as it the first taken on love, life, social and religious independent proactive attitude.It dare to struggle, fight for freedom and pursue the equality of status of the female .Jane is a girl who has strong will and pursue independence, she is a woman who against feudal ethics and resist the feudal oppression bravely. It is because of Jane’s special and noble character that attract s Robert’s deeply, while Jane falls in love with Robert not because of his wealth, and social status, but his talent. Jane pursues pure and special love, in Jane’s eyes, love is love, and it has nothing to do with wealth, social status which he has. Though she is a tutor with low status, while Robert is a man with noble status, Jane does not give up her love because of all of these elements. Later, a fire ruin everything of Robert, he lose most of his glamour which many girls are longing for, he is a disabled man with nothing, however, what makes our admire is that Jane choose to share ups and downs with Robert. In her life, Jane composes a beautiful love, which shows to us what true love is, and makes us know the true meaning of love.Keywords: Jane Eyre,Strong, independent, Rebellious spirit, pure love1.IntroductionJane Eyre is a classic literature masterpieces of Charlotte Bronte’s of the British in the 19th century. Jane Eyre is widely acknowledged that it is a biography of poetic portrayal of Charlotte Bronte “poetic portrayal”, which is an autobiographical work.It is a story which an orphaned of British woman who suffer from all kinds of hardships, constantly pursuit of freedom and dignity, adhere to herself, and ultimately get happiness.As we know, Jane pursues a noble love. In her eyes ,love itself is love, it has nothing with money, power and status. She is humble, but she can attract all thepeople with her own unique qualities. In the today's world, people are crazy about money and status seems rather drown love. In their most people would choose the rich rather than the poor Few people would choose true love and give up everything without any hesitation. Jane makes us believe, as a women who has an independent personality and self-esteem, self-love, self-reliance, even if she is a wild lily, she also have their own pride. Jane simple love set us an example to inspire modern people pursue the true love. So in Jane Eyre, love is pure and great.2. A brief introduction of the author and background.2.1 A brief introduction of the authorCharlotte Bronte(1816-1854) was born on April 21 1816, third of the six children of Patrick Bronte. The major event of her young life was the death of her mother in 1821, which created a lot of chaos. In 1824, Charlotte and her two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, were sent to the newly-opened Cowan Bridge Clergy Daughters' School. Conditions there were bad even by the standards of the time, and it was not long before both Maria and Elizabeth became ill enough to be sent home, where they both died of consumption in the spring of1825. Patrick brought Charlotte and her younger sister Emily, who had recently joined them at the school, back home as soon as the other girls became ill, but Charlotte in particular never forgot what the school had been like.Charlotte's next adventure was going to school in Brussels with Emily in 1842. Charlotte's time there was brief, less than two years, but it led to her eventual writing of Villette beginning in 1852.Back home, Charlotte lapsed into chronic unemployment and severe hypochondria, actually thinking she was going blind, just like her father was. In 1846 the three sisters published a book of Poems, and though sales were very slow, the reviews weregood and spurred on further literary endeavors. Charlotte's novel of this time, The Professor, was actually rather bad, suffering from a less-than believable main character. In August of 1846 Charlotte began work on Jane Eyre. Though it was published in 1847, Charlotte didn't tell her father about it until the next year, when the novel's success was plain. Jane Eyre is a classic literature masterpieces of Charlotte Bronte’s of the British in the 19th century.2.2 Background“Jane Eyre is a classical work produced in Victorian time by Charlotte Bronte. This novel has attracted widely attention and discussions for over 150 years after its publishment”. 张伯香.英美文学选读.[M] 外语教学与研究出版社1999年版. On the surface, Jane Eyre is a love story about a poor young woman Jane Eyre and a rich man Mr. Rochester. But when we read it carefully, we can find out much deeper connotation, and we can understand that this work is not only a simple love story, but also reflects some social situations. Especially was the problem of the relationship between women and the traditional morality in Victorian time. In this novel, Bronte expresses strong dissatisfaction for females’ unequal social status, and Jane Eyre was her own embodiment to resist the oppression of the social traditional morality and to break the ag e’s fetter. And this novel also reflects that at that time, women have been already realized they should struggle for their independence of spirit and equal rights on many aspects in the social life. This thesis according to expounding the females’ situati ons under the traditional morality in Victorian age and the analysis of heroine’s behavior and thinking which broke the traditional morality at that time in Jane Eyre, to find the appearance of feminine consciousness and the demands of women for having equal social status like men in society and getting independence of life and spirit. Jane Eyre is a famous work written by Charlotte Bronte, and this novel was published in 1847 and became an immediate success. This thesis will research the “unwomanly” character of the heroine under the Victorian traditional morality. ”胡珊珊Analysis of Jane Eyre Purpose and Significance of study[J]2010 第四期All ofJane’s behaviors showed her difference from traditional morality. In such a period, a little girl struggled for h er equal rights in her guardian’s family, a student made efforts to improve the living condition of school, a young governess pursued her real love and refused the proposal of the man she did not love. All of these behaviors disobeyed the traditional moral ity in Victorian age. She broke the model of “angel in the house” throughout her life. Her “unwomanly” character was also showed obviously.3. The love view of Jane from following perspectives3.1 The analysis of Jane’s Love View from Jane’s independent charactersWhen Jane was a litter girl, she was so unlucky and depended on others. she had no friend, whatever she did, she just do it by herself. So she built up independent character on everything from her young age. Mrs.Reed did not allow her children to associate with Jane, so, she had ever said：“They are not fit to associate with me” These words is the best illustrated fact that she is an independent girl in her inner world, including love. Jane pursues happiness, looking forward to get happiness and achieve the true love. In her inner world, she wishes that she can communicate with others’ sincerity, not rather than rely on others to love or belong to others. She has her own soul. She wants to control the master of her spirit, stick to her own personality dignity.When Mrs Fairfax knew that Jane and Rochester had fallen in love and prepared to get married, Mrs Fairfax thinks its unbelievable, she just says some words：“he has Do you belive him? Have you accept him? Mrs Fairfax looked at me bewildered I could have thought it He is a proud man all Rochesters were proud : and his father at least, liked money. After a later Mrs Fairfax repeated :‘Equality of position and fortune is often advisable in such cases, and there are twenty years of difference in yourages .He might almost be your father’”. 《简爱》p388-389 From Mrs Fairfax’s words, it is easy to know that Jane and Rochester is not match. Their love would not have a good result because of the difference of the position and status. But Jane give me a sur prise with her answer,she said: “No, indeed , he is nothing like my father! No one, who saw us together, would suppose it for an instant.” 《简爱》p390. From m Mrs Jane’s words, it is easy to know that Jane never care their positions, ages and status. In his eyes, she and Rochester, they are equal, they love each other so deeply. She believe that their love will be last forever.So, no matter what happened, Jane always live independently. Later, she met her cousin, St. John. St. John hopes that Jane should marry him, and help him to finish the religious career and god’s mission. Because there is no love between them. So Jane refuses St. John.She needs truly love,not mission. In England, religion always plays a very important role.But Jane was able to break the shackles of religion, and pursue the independent love and independent world. So we have to say, Jane was an independent girl. Unfortunately, everything is not always smooth sail. When Jane knew that Rochester had got married, At that moment, she said:“Mr Roc hester I must leave you, I must leave you. I must part with you for my whole life. I must begin a new existence among strange faces and strange scenes”.《简爱》p449 From Jane’s these words, we know that true love just belong to two people, it not contain the third person to share their love. Even though Jane loves Rochester so much.But at last, she would rather choose to give up. Because Jane pursue love which is a kind of independent love, not become someone else’s shadow. we can easily know from Jane’s leavin g that Jane advocates independence of love, pursue the independent personality dignity. “However, I could not help ask that only this step can prove that does Jane is a independent girl. I don’t think so, after all, female independence needs a great courag e, it is a long and complex course.” 张颖刘妍胡珊珊浅析《简爱》中的女性主义精神[J] 2011 第十期It needs more courage to give up loves. I think it is the most important step to gain free and independence. Jane’s independent love had become theclassical example of independent female. So I hope this world would appear many Janes. No matter she is rich or poor, I hope they can live strongly and independently.3.2 The analysis of Jane’s Love View form her Strong-willedJane was a weak and short girl, but she has a strong heart and soul. she has no mony, position, and status. But sha has extremely personal temperament and very rich emotional world. After the temper of life, she abandoned the natural weak of female and cowardice which belongs to many females. Then Jane developed the strong and independent personal characters gradually. When she was a young girl, she lived with her aunt. They treated Jane badly, they often brings force on her. But Jane never willing to accept any insult, instead struggling to them try her best. Even though the result are not satisfactory, but she never give up sticking to her own opinion. When Jane leaves her aunt’s home and comes into school, Mr. Brocklehursts said:“this girl, this child, the native of a Christian land, worse than many a little heathen who says its prayers to Brahma and kneels before Juggernaut -- this girl is --a big lairs!” 简爱P92 Facing the cold and cruel of Mr. Brocklehursts, Jane has no feeling of fear, instead Jane calmly accepted it. She developed the strong, self-esteem, and independent personal characters through a series of unlucky things. Which arouse her infinite courages and indomitable spirits. She did not lose hope. Instead, she becomes strong and independent to face the irregularly scheduled unlucky things. Even though she never lose personal pure characters.“ Jane clearly knew that she had no beautiful appearance and noble position and status, so she must study hard. She try her best to study all courses, including music,French and art. She clearly knew, as a person, you can have no beautiful appearance, many many money, noble position and status, but you can not have no personal ideas and personal dignity.李佳欣杨柳论<简爱>所诠释的独特女性人格魅力[J] 2012 第三期In her aunt’s home, in order to maintain her dignity, even she resisted aunt’s opinions or fight with her cousin. All of her actions are the best illustrated fact that she is an independent and strong girl in herinner world.After reading Jane Eyre, she choose to be resolute when suffering from maltreat and insult.I appreciated J ane’s strong and independent personal characters and self-esteem which shows in facing the noble and elegant person and upper class. All people loved the spirits of self-esteem and strong of Jane when she fell into love. All people admired her courage of leaving Mr Rochester because she was unwilling to be a love puppet. All people appreciated her brave personal character, in order to find truly love, she climbed the hills and went across the rivers to find Mr Rochester. Which find in who dare to could put themself in danger in order to find truly love. At Thornfield, she was not feel Self-abasement because of she profession on the contrary, she thinks they are equal. Mr Rochester was infatuated with her and love her deeply from his inner heart. Mr Rochester rather likes Jane’s elf-esteem, independent and strong personal characters.“Her character attracts so many reader, so many women regard her as an example ” 张颖刘妍胡珊珊自卑：简爱鲜明的人格特征.[J] 2011 第十期In other words, there is no Jane’s elf-esteem, independent and strong personal characters, there is no the pure and special love between Jane and Rochester.3.3 The analysis of Jane’s Love View from Rebellious spirit of Jane The Rebellious spirit of Jane is natural. When Jane was a litter girl, she lives with her aunt who was very hate her, so they treat badly to her, even screw and beat her. So rebellion came naturally to her heart, when facing unfair treatment which comes from her cousin and her aunt.“After so many unfair treatment She never feel scare and intend to retreat. Instead, she chooses to resist”.谭蒙革.简爱女性独立形象分析.[J] 2011年. 第5期Jane had ever said：“I was conscious that a moment’s mutiny had already rendered me liable to strange penalties, and , like any other rebel slave, I felt resolved, in my desperation, to go all lengths.” 刘丽一个时代的女性呐喊与追求[J] 2009 第十期From these words, we know that the revolt has become mainstream in her character, a person want to get freedom, firstly, he must have awareness ofresistance. “After the end of each resistance, my mind had a sense of satisfaction before never appear, a sense of victory began to expand, rising, as if an invisible shackles broke free, finally struggling to slightly have always dreamed of freedom hall.” 刘丽一个时代的女性呐喊与追求[J] 2009 第十期This time I remembered, the real world is a vast field, where people are encouraged to break the resistance. And Jane is such a person. Jane’s consciousness of resistance grow with increasing age when she was a child. She resist injustice and oppression of her aunt and cousins, in schools, in order to prove that she was not a lair,she debated openly with schoolmaster. When she knows Rochester had married, she refused to Rochester’s request without any hesitation. W hen St John wants to possess Jane through the guise of religion, she openly refused St. John’s on behalf of the British religious faction. Jane did these simply searching freedom, for pursuing true love, she oppose religious bondage and control without hesitation.Jane is not a gentlewomen from the aesthetic standards of social lady, but the readers and Mr Rochester love her because of her spirit revolt and the constant pursuit of freedom and equality.“The charm is a very rich vocabulary, a woman was praised the charm, it is apparently much more abundant than simply admire her beauty.”《浅析<简爱>主人公的性格魅力》However，the indomitable character of Jane, the goodness, the pursuit of freedom, the pursuit of true love character of Jane made her become an attractive and charm woman.4. The analysis of Jane’s special and pure love view4.1Love itself is love, it is not relate to religionIn Victorian period of England, critical realism had been on the stage of history, but religion still played a very important role. However, Jane was able to break the traditional ideas of feudalism. She thinks that religion is faith, and it is elusive. As shethought the psalm in the Bible is very boring. She once had such a conversation with headmaster Mr. Brocklehurst before she went to school. From her words, we can draw a conclusion that Jane was against to religion, which can be proved that Jane was not under the influence of England religion. It also can say she dares to struggle change with religion and the word. Later, Jane met her cousin that she never met before, St. John who is a typical representative of traditional literati, with religion as his life career, and live to accomplish the mission of god to live. When he need assistant, Jane appears. So an idea strikes to his mind, namely, he wants Jane to stay with his as a helper, and help him to complete the mission of god. When St.John told this idea to Jane, Jane hesitates because of her kindness. Jane is respect St. John, so she did not want to hurt him. But she also cannot marry to him, she did not want such a result because she did not love John. So Jane was determined to be his helper instead of his wife, but St. John said, ：“A part of me you must become”P605.《简爱》Actually St John just wants to possess Jane through the guise of religion so that he has ignoring other’s feeling, and ignored Jane’s idea about love. Jane once said to John.“ I scorn your idea of love, I scorn the counterfeit sentiment you offer：yes St John, and I scorn you when you offer it ”. Finally, Jane refuses John’s request without hesitation and starts to look for her true lo ve. “Because the different opinion of Love I think Jane has refused not only the John's request, but also refused the repression of the feudal moral. Jane, with a thin body and lower identity, in order to seek her own love, she is willing to struggle with feudalism.”于秋谭.简论女性意识在简爱中的体现.[J] 文学评论.2002年第4期. No matter how many difficulties and obstacles she must face, it can not stop her confidence and courage to pursue true love. It's enough to see that how noble and pure the Jane’s love view is, nothing can sto p her to find the pace of love in her heart.4.2 Love itself is love, it is not related to money, power and status. In Jane Eyre, the authors suggests that the basis of marriage is love, not material,money and so on. The failure of the first marriage of Rochester had proved that marriage was not base on material,money and status. And a true love is not depend on any external factors, which are not subject.It just say that Jane get married for love, not because of the material and other factors betray her love. As we all known, Jane is in pursuit of a noble love. In her eyes, love itself is love, it have nothing to do with money, power, and status. In her eyes, love is in each other's heart and it is soul communication. Even though Jane just was a ordinary tutor, but she never give up her love. She thought everyone is equal, everyone has rights to get the true love. When Jane and Rochester decided to get married, Rochester brings Jane to the town, to bought gold and silver jewelry, but it is not make Jane happy, on the contrary, Jane hate these. “Oh sir1—never mind jewels !I don’t like to hear them spoken of. Jewels for Jane Eyre sounds unnatural and strange: I would rather not have them”.From her words , We knows that Jane was not like other woman, who likes to wear jewelry.P381《简爱》Since I had read Jane Eyre,I also dumped for Jane. Like her in high position than her in front of the so-called high society people show the kind of supercilious attitude . Like her in the face of love showed that self-esteem self-improvement of the spirit, I can not help but sigh in the distance she progressed fort he age two hundreds, How many girls have the courage to say not to a beloved and rich man? Jane can be! In her eyes constantly with a kind of independent personality grandeur and noble!Do you think, I am a poor obscure, plain and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! I have as much as you and full as much heat! Each time reading Jane Eyre, I will shock by these words. This is a strong sense of self-release, a sad overarching overcome all overriding intertwined with love force. Form her behaviors and words can show everyone has right to pursue one of their own love. She was not beautiful, humble, but attracting all the people with their own unique qualities. Female and male is equal, only an independent and self-release that did she could get respect, love,and happiness. Rochester would not love Jane if she had not noblepersonality. Jane Eyre is the idol of women generation in that period, her shadow is released into the atmosphere around us, so many people regarded her as a criterion, we all can live the confident and magnanimous, we all can find our true happiness along the fate are given clues.In the today's world, people are crazy about money and status. Choosing rich between the poor and the rich, choosing not love between love and not love. Few people would choose true love and give up everything without any hesitation. Maybe when people have nothing but money, they will go to the pursuit of “true love”. Maybe simplify getting back to basics. Perfusing some truth and warmth in the pursuing true love.It should be regarded as a beautiful life. Please spun off from the hustle and bustle of the glitz of the secular, stop and carefully read of Jane Eyre, and communicating with the soul of Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is a fairy tale, she makes us believe, as a women who has an independent personality and self-esteem, self-love, self-reliance, even if she is a wild lily, she also have their own pride. Jane slightly love set us an example to inspire modern people pursue the true love.5. ConclusionThe appears of Jane Eyre was a sensation the literary world of the 19th century, with its irresistible beauty it has attracted thousands of readers, it has an irrepressible urge to drive people to pick up this book, along with deeply moved,and soul thrilled. Jane Eyre shows to us a simple love which is a return to nature, without taking into account the feelings of the pros and cons .It is like as a glass of ice water which can clean the mind of every reader.Through research and analysis of Jane Eyre, I learned that she is a strong, independent, girls and she dare to pursue the true love. Her special and noble concept of love set an example for us, in her eyes, love is the exchange of two hearts and souls, love is not controlled by external factors. Her love encourage us to pursue freedom, equality, rue love bravely. And at the same time she was able to help us to understand the true meaning of love.AcknowledgementMy greatest debt, both intellectual and personal, is to my supervisor Song fengli and Lu yuna With their inspiration and encouragement, they has led me into this amazing scientific field. Without they instruction, my career would have been radically different; and this work would obviously have not appeared. Mrs. Song has supported with sage advice, heartfelt encouragement and has recommended me some papers and dissertations which has saved me considerable amount of time and effort in doing such a job. I am deeply indebted to Mrs. Song for her enlightening instructions, critical comments, and especially his kindness and patience in examination my work in detail.I am also grateful to all the teachers in English department. Thanks to my dear classmates and roommates for their sincere help and friendship during my stay at Xing Yi Normal University for Nationalities.My heartfelt thanks go to my families for their persistent support and encouragement through the years.References1、夏洛蒂.勃朗特.简爱. [M] 世界图书出版公司 2008 年版.2、张伯香.英美文学选读.[M] 外语教学与研究出版社1999年版.3、谭蒙革.简爱女性独立形象分析.[J] 2011年. 第5期4、刘丽一个时代的女性呐喊与追求 [J] 2009 第十期5、张颖刘妍胡珊珊自卑：简爱鲜明的人格特征.[J] 2011 第十期6、于秋谭.简论女性意识在简爱中的体现.[J] 文学评论.2002年第4期7、胡珊珊Analysis of Jane Eyre Purpose and Significance of study [J]2010 第四期8、李佳欣杨柳论<简爱>所诠释的独特女性人格魅力 [J] 2012 第三期9、张颖刘妍胡珊珊浅析《简爱》中的女性主义精神 [J] 2011 第十期。

《简爱》语句修辞倒装功能分析和其译文关照张焰明【摘要】The language of Jane Eyre is beautiful, for which one of the reasons is its use of rhetorical inversion. Rhetorical inversion is invested with the functions of emphasis, liaison, structural balance, vivid description, emotional expression and service to poem rhymes. An analysis of certain typical examples of the novel shows the importance of their demonstration in TL. TL is required to achieve the same position or same order as the rhetorical inversion of SL, and if impossible, the translator is supposed to make proper adaptations in order to foreground the semantic intention of the original author.%《简·爱》语言优美,修辞倒装是其原因之一。

修辞倒装具有强调、承上启下、平衡结构、描写生动、抒发感情、诗歌押韵等功能。

通过这些功能分析该小说的一些典型例句可以看出译文对其关照的意义。

译文与原文的修辞倒装应尽量同位或同序,如不可能,译者应采取相应的变通手段,以突出作者的语义意图。

【期刊名称】《山西农业大学学报（社会科学版）》【年(卷),期】2012(011)010【总页数】5页(P1040-1044)【关键词】《简·爱》;修辞倒装;功能;关照;同位或同序;变通;语义意图【作者】张焰明【作者单位】韩山师范学院外语系,广东潮洲524041【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.9世界精典名著《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）除其故事跌荡起伏、思想内容深刻之外，语言也独具一格。

摘要《简·爱》是现实主义时期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被认为是一位卓越的女作家。

因为她在小说中描述的是与传统不同的女主人公简·爱的勇于追求自由、平等和独立精神。

它也是作者的自传体小说。

通过对简·爱的性格进行剖析，证明了简·爱是一个标准的女权主义者。

简·爱这个人物形象，博得读者的爱怜，在英国文学史上是位具有代表性的人物，不仅表现在外表的朴实无华，而且表现在她性格上的独特魅力。

简·爱因其性格中所具有的强烈反抗意识而特别地引人注目。

她坚持自己的原则去不断反抗不公平的社会。

她用尽全力去追求自由，平等，独立和真爱。

经过坚持不懈的努力她最终获得自尊，自由和真爱。

关键词：女权, 反叛, 独立, 平等, 真爱ABSTRACTJane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist. Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine’s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence. It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree. This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality. Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character’s outsta nding and alien thoughts. The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character. She always insists on her principle to rebel and fights bravely against the unjust world. She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love. By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.KEY WORDS: feminist, rebel, independence, equality, true loveContentsIntroduction (9)Chapter One The D evelopment of Jane Eyre’s Resistance (10)1.1 Outburst period at Gateshead (10)1.2 Jane’s resistance at Lowood Institution (11)1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor House (13)Chapter Two Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Independence and Freedom (14)2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedom (14)2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve herindependence (14)2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of it (15)Chapter Three Jane Eyre’s Attitude Towards Love (18)3.1True love should be based on equality and mutual understanding (18)3.2The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love (19)Conclusion (23)Acknowledgements (24)Bibliography (25)IntroductionCharlotte Bronte, an English writer, is a great critical realist in the 19th century. She writes lots of works in her life. She sets to work on a new novel,Jane Eyre, which is published in August, 1847. Jane Eyre is her masterpiece which is a world famous novel. Jane Eyre has been translated into many languages and is always high in reading popularity. Jane Eyre, a plain, timid, weak and pale girl who appears to be a heroine, exists in numerous people’s minds. It seem s to be a strange phenomenon. How can she arouse the eminent attention of the readers throughout the world? Because Jane Eyre stands for an idealized woman in the 19th century. Charlotte Bronte aims at awakening women's consciousness and courage to equal rights and freedom. Jane Eyre cuts a completely new woman image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for the recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. Jane strives with all difficulties to gain women’s liberation and to pursue freedom, equality and true love. The analysis of Jane’s personalities and her attitudes toward love has shown partly Jane’s love — a kind of direct, enthusiastic and faithful love. The story of the independent-minded Jane and her love affair with Mr. Rochester opens up new dimension for women. She is a typical character of awakening bourgeois intellectual women. The heroine Jane moves most readers as a kind and unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position. The profound meaning of Jane’s personalities makes this novel an extremely important work lists in the history of world literature as well as in the English literature.Chapter One The D evelopment of Jane Eyre’s Resistance1.1 Outburst period at GatesheadJane Eyre seems to be pale, thin and weak. She is like a piece of dust, nobody pays attention to her. At any time she may disappear. She was born an orphan, with an unfortunate family and long time repressive feeling; she builds up her resistant emotion. Under this background, everyone looks down upon her. Jane asks herself “why was I always suffering, always browbeaten, always abused, for ever condemned.” (Bronte, 2002:13) Her reason says “unjust!-unjust!” (Bronte, 2002:14) A first angry voice bursts out from her deep heart. When John beats her again, she attacks him viciously. She shouts at him, “Wicked and cruel boy! You are like a murderer —you are like a slav e-driver—you are like the Roman emperors!" (Bronte, 2002:7) When Mrs. Reed tells Mr. Brocklehurst that Jane has a bad character and a deceitful disposition, she defends that “I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you; but I declare I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world except John Reed; and this book about the liar, you may give it to your girl, Georgiana, for it is she who tells lies, and not I." (Bronte, 2002:48) However, Jane is a brave soldier who dares to face up all kinds of injustice and fights against them. Before she leaves Gateshead, she rebukes her aunt’s cruelty, “How dare I, Mrs. Reed? How dare I? Because it is the truth. You think I have no feelings and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness; but I cannot live so: and you have no pity. I shall remember how you thrust me back—roughly and violently thrust me back—into the red- room, and locked me up there, to my dying day; though I was in agony; though I cried out, while suffocating with distress, ‘Have mercy! Have mercy, Aunt Reed!’And that punishment you made me suffer because your wicked boy struck me—knocked me down for nothing. I will tell anybody who asks me questions, this exact tale. People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard-hearted. You are deceitful!” (Bronte, 2002:49) Jane suffers various violent treatments by her aunt and cousins; she tries her best to be a good girl but only results in failure in Mrs. Reed’seyes.Jane resists and resists, but finally breaks out and speaks all her anger; Jane’s courage frightens Mrs. Reed, for she knows Jane is right. In those days at Gateshead Hall, Jane's strong, brave and unbending characteristics are expressed step by step. Her every behavior shows her great indignation. Isolation, poverty, discrimination and oppression cause her to revolt against the unfair society in her own way. Jane is driven away from and escapes from Reed’s house partly because of fearless courage. Jane fights not only for just treatment, but also for equality. This is the first step of the development of Jane Eyre’s rebellious character.1.2 Jane’s resistance at Lowood InstitutionLowood Institution is a charity school for poor clergymen’s da ughters. Jane lives here for eight years. Her rebellious sprits become mature. In fact it is a hell for poor girls. The school is like a prison dominated by cold, implacable cruelty and Brocklehurst. Children here are not supplied with enough food, clothes and good treatment of disease. Many of them die of illness. They have no love and sympathy at all, living in hunger and cold. Children must pray for God and thank for oppressors. Helen, a clever, intelligent and beautiful girl receives curse and beat, finally loses her young life. She believes in God. She says to Jane, “I am sure there is a future state; I believe God is good; I can resign my immortal part to Him without any misgiving. God is my father; God is my friend: I love Him; I believe He loves me.”(Bronte, 2002:121) Just because of these ideas, Helen has n’t a little rebel against that kind of cruel treatment.However Jane is not like Helen. She always tries to rebel, though she is still a child. She tells Helen: “A great deal: you are good to those who are good to you. It is all I ever desire to be. If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse. When we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard; I am sure we should—so hard as to teach the person who struck us never to do it again." (Bronte,2002:82) This rhythmic and forceful speech embodies the deep bourgeois oppression of the lower women and Jane’s rebellious spirit. To achieve independence as an equal human, Jane never yields to fate and background. She does as she says. Her attitude towards her cousins, her aunt and Mr. Brocklehurst all proves it.Another woman, Miss Temple, is also admired and deeply loved by Jane. Miss Temple’s learning stimulates Jane’s longing for intelligence and Miss Temple’s kindness stirs up her enthusiasm for ideal life. So when Miss Temple leaves Lowood, Jane can’t put up with dullness and isolation there. She thinks that now she is left in her natural element, and begins to feel the stirring of old emotions. Jane looks forward to a new life and a free sky. No matter what will happen in the future, she will face it bravely. The rebellious fury is burnt again. Then Jane makes an advertisement and gets a governess profession at Thornfield. In this period, Jane’s rebellious spirit is up to a new standard and catches a more profound meaning. Her fighting is not only against a person, but against the social convention.1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor HouseAt Thornfield, Jane, as a grown-up, changes her harshness into a refined woman with good education, delicacy of feeling and gentleness of manners. At Thornfield she gets along well with everyone. Jane is mild to everyone. Adele, a girl without talent is carefully taught by Jane and made safe and happy. In such a wild world, she forgets her pain and her misery. Furthermore, she learns to be tolerant to others’ shortcomings. Hearing that Mrs. Reed is dying, she comes back soon to Gateshead. Although she once has told Mrs. Reed that she never wants to see her again, she forgets and forgives her. Jane’s delicate feeling is best revealed when she meets Rochester, who is hurt. She gives him a hand in a polite way. In spite of his rude rejection, she says, “I can not think of leaving you, sir, at so late an hour, in this solitary lane, till I see you are fit to mount your horses.” (Bronte, 2002:173)When Jane falls in love with Rochester, she is awaken and still keeps her resistance; she makes her every effort to rebel against social prejudice and customs, struggling for independence and true love. She dares to say “no” to anyone, includingher master, Mr. Rochester who is domineering and arrogant. When she talks with Mr. Rochester, she doesn’t avoid saying what she thinks whether Mr. Rochester is happy or not. On the wedding between Jane and Rochester, Jane is told that Rochester has married before. Bertha Mason, a mad woman is his wife who has been living in Thornfield. At the bad news, Jane knows if she lives with him, she will fall into the category of mistress and lose her respect. The dream of freedom, happiness and the independence which she was looking forward to would become fancies. The strength of reason is power over emotion. Jane leaves Thornfield resolutely to meet unknown fate in the future. When she almost starves to death, St. John helps her. Jane’s sp irit of revolt is obviously expressed by her refusal of St. John’s offer of marriage .Jane never changes her will to follow St. John. She thinks, “If I join St. John, I abandon half myself, if I go to India, I go to premature death”, “if I do make the sacrifice he urges, I will make it absolutely: I will throw all on the altar—heart, vitals, the entire victim.”(Bronte, 2002:642) Jane says to St. John, “I scorn your idea of love.”(Bronte, 2002:649) Jane dares to rebel against St. John’s offer because she th inks they are equal. She has the right to rebel against him. This period is the perfection of Jane Eyre’s rebelli ons.Chapter Two Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Independence andFreedom2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedomIndependence is the outstanding quality throughout the whole process of the novel. Jane Eyre is not pretty and her character is unique. She is maltreated by her cousins and aunt. One day, when Jane takes John’s book to read, he beat s her once more. John says that Jane has no business to take his books; “Y ou have no business to take our books; you are a dependant, mama says, you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen’s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mama’s expense”. (Bronte, 2002:7) When she fights against him severely, she is sent to Red Room.In the Red Room, she is frightened, but she keeps a clear mind that she realizes she needs to be saved from her blind fear of authority and be self-reliant. Her mind is in tumult, and all her heart in insurrection, her reason says “unjust! I never compromise to them. I shall be independent.” (Bronte, 2002:14) She hates Gateshead, hates everyone there. She hates Mrs. Reed who is a bad, hard-hearted woman. She treats her with miserable cruelty. Gateshead is a shelter for her, which teaches her a lot of things. Only when she is independent, can she be respected by others.After all, she is a little girl, it is hard for her to be economically independent. Therefore, she decides to be independent, self-sufficient in her mind. The Reeds are really mean to her and she thinks they suck. Of course, the feeling is mutual. Therefore, she is spared from the Reeds and is sent to a low budget orphan school called Lowood Institution.2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve herindependenceAt Lowood Institution, under the hypocritical Evangelicalism of the headmaster, Mr. Brocklehurst, she suffers further privation in the austere environment. Thecondition there is disgusting, but Jane does n’t submit to it. She gain s her strength from her teacher and her fellow students to achieve her independence. Maria Temple, an independent woman, is the headmaster of the Institution. She is a responsible teacher, and kind to the students, even the low students. Consequently, she gains respect and popularity from the people around her. From Maria Temple, Jane learns that independence is a very important thing for everyone.In our modern society, it seems to be more important to be independent. Jane learns the importance of duty and self-control through the friendship with Helen. At the beginning, Jane has much sympathy for Helen. Because Helen does n’t dare to fight against the person who insults her. When Helen is to be flogged and to be asked to stand in the middle of a room that full of people. Jane thinks that Helen should turn against others when she is bullied; she should resist against Miss Scatcherd, and dislike Miss Scatcherd. From these we can see that Jane is not obedient to anyone if someone bullies her, she will do the same thing to others. As known to all, it is not violence that best overcomes hatred, nor vengeance that most certainly heals injury. And Jane learns these from Helen. Jane is deeply moved by Helen’s actions and words. “Yet it would be your duty to bear it, if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what your fate to be required to bear”. (Bronte, 2002:79) Then through the friendship with Helen, she learns to be self-control in a certain degree. “It is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself, than to commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will extend to all connected with you; and besides, the Bible bids us return good for evil”. (Bronte, 2002:79) Jane stays at Lowood for 8 years. She attempts to do well in all aspects. She makes rapid progress both in study and work. She becomes stronger than before in her heart. The idea of breaking out the conservative puritan life does not occur to her. She longs for a new form of life. So she gets a job by herself.2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of itIn order to lead a life of independence, Jane works as a governess at Thornfield Hall. She is looks down upon by the rich ladies of the fashionable society, but she never despises herself, she never feels herself inferior. She is satisfied with, and even proud of her honest, independent work. She loves Rochester who is in a large possession of fortune and in a high social position, but she never thinks of relying on these things. Once she immediately answers Rochester’s question about what else she needs, by saying, “Your regard: and if I give mine in return, that debt will be quit.”(Bronte, 2002:424) This kind of independence is irrevocable out of her pure soul which hasn’t been contaminated by the earthy care at all and represented the pur e uprightness. When the happiness reaches the highest point where she is about to be the dreamy person’s wife, Jane ke eps a clear mind, protecting her independence and her personality. She refuses all the precious gifts that could have been owned as a fiancee and reminded Rochester again and again of the responsibility she should continue to fulfill as a governess.As Rochester’s bri de, she continues to be Adele’s governess; when Rochester intends to give her a lot of jewelry and beautiful clothes, she refuses. Generally, beautiful clothes and jewelries are the favorite things to women. Jane thinks that real love is not based on money and jewelry. Her love does n’t mix with other strange ideas. In her opinion, self-respect, independence and equal rights are the fundamental elements of one’s love. She does n’t want to be the slave of money, and she d oes n’t want to rely on others. They fall in deep love with each other. Rochester does n’t want Jane to go on working，he wishes Jane belongs to him and considers Jane as his property．Jane refuses his suggestion without any hesitation．In her opinion，if she loses her job, she must depend on Rochester to live，thus independence says goodbye to her. She doesn’t want to be a thing of Rochester. At last, she decides to preserve her independence.With the news coming that Rochester’s wife is still alive, Jane is driven back to her original status. It means that Jane is just a lover to him. By this time, there are two roads in front of her: One is to be the lover of Rochester. The other is away from Rochester to begin a new life. Actually, it’s very sad for Jane to leave the place sheliked, and the man she deeply loved. However, Jane is the unique! She is determined to leave Thornfield without any hesitation. As we know that nothing can succeed in confining her before her resistant spirit .The powerful shout of the born independent spirit from her heart remains her independence. The natural strength of independence overwhelms her, “still indomitable was the reply—I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, and the more unsustained I can be, the more I will respect myself.” (Bronte, 2002:467) With Jane and Rochester’s suffering the readers’ compassion is also aroused besides the feeling of pity. There is no defying that the blood of independence is going through Jane’s whole body from the day she was born. Fleeing from calamity solitarily, she does not hesitate all prices to maintain her own personality, dignity, and rebellions and independence is portrayed more perfect, and richer. Nowadays, as to women, we can’t depend on men completely. We should earn money through our efforts, we must be independent, never be subsidiary to others.In order to get dignity, freedom and independence, she runs away. At the prerequisite of maintaining her own character she does n’t take the jewelry and clothes which Rochester gives her. Jane arrives at the desolate crossroads of whitcross and is reduced to begging for food. Fortunately, the Rivers siblings helped her. At Moor House, Jane learns the pleasure of self-sufficiency. She lives a happy life there. She develops great affection for the ladies, Diana and Mary, and they are really nice to her. Jane becomes spiritually stronger and more confident through the friendship with Diana and Mary. She does n’t want to live there for a long time. She intend s to find a job to support herself, so St. John finds a job for her to teach at the local school. While teaching, she gains more social respect, and her students make progress quickly. Furthermore, the students and their parents like her very much. She is very happy and satisfied with her own conditions. As a teacher, her students’ progress and popularity are the best gifts to her.Chapter Three Jane Eyre’s Attitude Towards Love3.1True love should be based on equality and mutual understandingFrom the strong ego and independent personality, Jane seeks for love which should be based on mutual understanding, equality, respect and attraction. Jane is a governess, who has the profession with very low social position. Nearly no one looks up on it at that time. Being born of second class, Jane is sensitive about her position in society. She hopes that she can live with the same self-esteem as everyone in the upper class. She works very hard to be a good lady to reach the norm which is required by the upper class. Then she is eager to be admitted by the man who she loves, i.e. Rochester. Generally speaking, people are often satisfied with beloved one’s compliment. As for Jane, things are the same. Rochester is one of the members of the upper class. Rochester is a rich gentleman with high social status and reputation. But Rochester falls in love with Jane, so does Jane. Jane doesn’t pay much attention t o the difference between their social positions, because she only admires and believes in marriage based on true love. Humble job and poverty cannot stop her loving an upper class gentleman. On this point, she shows a woman's extra strength to take a risky love with Rochester and keeps her self-esteem. She respects the mutual equality of personality.Jane’s viewpoint shows she has clear self-awake sense of love. As a woman living in the society unequal between men and women, Jane doesn’t follow the outmoded conventions. She believes men and women are equal even if not in property, but in personality. When Rochester tells Jane that he is going to marry Miss Ingram and he insists that Jane must stay at Thornfield. Jane is angry at it. Let us see how Jane retorts to Rochester’s teasing.“I tell you I must go!” “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?––a machine without feelings? And I can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my lips? Do you think I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?In fact you think wrong!––I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty. and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you .I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; it is my spirit that addressed your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal,—as we are!”(Bronte, 2002:396) Rochester understands fully and esteems her. Jane still maintains self-control and clear-headed when she becomes Rochester’s fiancée. She wants to protect her honor and independence. When Rochester buys diamond necklace, bracelet, ring, etc., which means to bind her, she refuses those gifts and reminds her, “I shall continue to act as Adele’s governess; by that I shall earn my board and lodging, and thirty pounds a year besides.” (Bronte, 2002:423) Thus she is such a person who regards her dignity sacredly and inviolably. Jane seeks for happiness and love, but she does n’t think love is supreme. She can throw away traditions to follow love, but she will never sacrifice her dignity and independence for the reason of love. Obtaining equality in life is Jane's ambition. It is equality that makes her love Rochester with all of her heart and soul; also it is equality that makes her leave Rochester with her disappointment and distress. Life is hard to Jane.On their wedding day, a secret is exposed that Rochester has a mad wife locked for several years, and then Jane resolutely gives up Rochester and is determined not to be a mistress. Jane's ambition, of course, forbids her to accept the unequal position of being the mistress of someone’s husband. She has her self-respect and must keep her nobility. Being an illegal mistress benefits her nothing but reduces her virtue and demoralizes her personality. Then she would have to depend on Rochester and lose her quality, independence and freedom. So she chooses the distress of leaving Rochester to realize her pursuit.3.2 The marriage pursued by women must be based on true loveAt that time, women were first customarily dependent on their parents then upon husbands. Their parents tried their best to choose good husbands for their daughters.The choices of husbands and fates were determined by men’s social position s and properties, rather than personalities and sincere emotions. Usually, women’s rationa l consideration triumphed over their personal interests. A problem raises in the novel is the position of a woman in society. Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel, maintains that women should have equal rights with men. When she decides to leave her love, she is very sad. But Jane will feel unpeaceful if she does not leave and stays with Rochester as a lover. And she would not be her cousin’s wife without love. It is very easy to choose one’s own love in today’s England. But it is not so easy to do it in the 18th and 19th century England.Jane thinks that it is a glorious thing to have the hope of living with him and being his wife. Jane loves him with her whole heart. They have a meeting of the mind. But in that social background, people pay too much attention to property, rank and status. If the disparity is great, a pair of lovers would suffer disagreement with their families and their friends. Mrs. Fairfax, one of Rochester’s servants, is very surprised and feels puzzled that her master is madly clinging to Jane. In their opinion, Blanche Ingram, who is a typical representative of the rich class, is so beautifu1, rich and has the same high social position. She is regarded as Thornfield wife of Rochester in the future by most people. She is the ideal wife of Rochester. If Rochester marries Ingram, it is natura1．Because in that society，people’s sense of love is on the basis of money. In their eyes，money is everything，money is marriage. For the sake of money they can marry anyone even though the husband or the wife is an idiot. So the marriage between Rochester and Ingram is fair and reasonable．In their opinion, Jane is an ordinary looking woman without wealth, so she can never match Rochester. But with the development of the plot，Miss Ingram is proven to be a loser．Rochester is deeply attracted by Jane and gives up Ingram. Jane defeats her though Jane has no property and beauty. Jane’s plainness，poverty, position and disposition are contrasted to Ingram’s obviously. Jane is kind，intelligent, sympathetic and thoughtful, while Ingram’s minds is poor and hypocritica1.She has no sympathy at al1. She plans to marry Rochester only because of Rochester’ s property，Ingram tries her best tofascinate Rochester again and again，unfortunately，she falls again and again. Jane is fully aware of it．She witnesses “repeated failure s”．The party is the climax of the novel and the essence of the book. At the party，Jane’s victory is complete. According to her beautiful personality and the strength of her noble spirit，Jane drives those aristocrats away from competitive stages．High position and great wealth shows by the noble class are put aside．Jane gets glorious victory．The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love. She distains the money and hunt marriage, and looks down upon her artificial and hypocritical manners.The way she gets to know Rochester well is talking with him, observing him and getting agreements with him. She falls in love with Rochester not at the first sight but after a fairly long time of acquaintance. Before she completely knows Rochester Jane only takes him as the master and an object for talking. Every time she talks with him, her attitude to Rochester changes. Through communicating with each other by their minds, they gradually come to a harmony in spirit. Jane thinks, “The ease of his manner freed me from painful restraint; the friendly frankness, correct as cordial，with which he heated me, drew me to him. I felt at times as if he were my relation rather than my master: yet he was imperious sometimes still; but 1 did not mind that.”(Bronte, 2002:225) This is Jane's revelation of true feeling to Rochester. Only when Jane understands Rochester, can she appropriately analyse and accept Rochester’s character. Understanding each other and getting harmonious in spirit，the solid base of their true love. Jane loves Rochester’s value as a man, instead of his properties, social and family status. So, whether Rochester is a rich person in the upper-class society, or is afflicted with calamity and becomes totally-blinded disabled man; whether Jane is a poor and plain governess in Thornfield, or she becomes a rich heiress in one night. Nothing can change her steadfast love for Rochester.After leaving Rochester’s home, Thornfield Hall, Jane walks and travels without any aim. She lives in hunger and cold. As she roams about a whit cross, she is nearly dead because she suffers terrible hardships. St. John helps her and saves her life. St John wants to marry Jane and takes her to India with him. Although he is a little。

摘要《简·爱》是英国女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说。

它的问世，曾经轰动了19世纪的英国文坛，吸引了国内外成千上万的读者。

它之所以经典，在于作品成功地塑造了一位为追求平等、尊严以及独立而敢于与生活困境、社会歧视以及男权主义进行斗争的女性形象。

小说集中描述了她为谋求妇女经济独立和爱情平等权利而进行的反抗斗争。

本文旨在通过简爱不同的成长环境分析其反抗和独立的性格，力求全方位的感受和理解简爱性格的独特魅力。

关键词：性格；独立；反抗；尊严AbstractJane Eyre,a novel with a strong autobiographical color which was written by Charlotte Bronte. When it was first published, it shocked the whole English literary world in the 19th century. Furthermore, it attracts and moves thousands of readers at home and abroad. It is a classic work because the author successfully pictures an amazing herione who dares to struggle with poor enviroment, social discrimination and patriarchy in order to pursue equality, dignity, independence and so on. This novel mainly decribes her rebellion for seeking women‟s economic independence and love of equal rights. This paper aims at analyzing Jane Eyre‟s rebellious and independent character through the different enviroments in Jane‟s growing process so as to fully understand the unique charm of Jane‟s character.Key words: character; independence; rebellion; dignityAn Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Characters in Jane EyreA Thesis Presented to theFaculty of Binhai School of Foreign Affairs Tianjin Foreign Studies UniversityIn Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements for the DegreeBachelor of ArtsbyHuang yaweiMay，2013ContentsAbstract (in Chinese) (I)Abstract (in English) (II)I. Introduction (1)1.1 About Charlotte Bronte (1)1.2 The social background of Jane Eyre (2)1.3 The brief introduction of Jane Eyre (3)II. Literature review (4)III. Jane Eyre at Gateshead (6)3.1 Jane Eyre‟s rebellion (6)3.1.1 Under the ill-treatment from John Reed (6)3.1.2 In the Red Room (7)3.1.3 In front of Mrs. Reed (8)3.2 Jane‟s independence at Gateshead (10)IV. Jane Eyre at Lowood Institution (11)4.1 Jane‟s rebellion (11)4.1.1 Contrast between Helen Burns and Jane . Eyre (11)4.1.2 Against Mr. Brocklehurst (12)4.2 Jane‟s independence at Lowood Institution (13)V. Jane Eyre at Thornfield Hall and Moor House (14)5.1 Jane‟s rebellion (14)5.1.1 On human dignity (14)5.1.2 On love (15)5.2 Jane‟s independence at Thornfield Hall and Moor House (17)VI. Conclusion (18)References (20)I. Introduction1.1 About Charlotte BronteCharlotte Bronte (1816-1855) was born at Thornton, in Yorkshire England, the third of six children. She was not pretty. She was plain and little, but her name was put in the first page of the history of English literature in the 19th century because of the success of Jane Eyre. In August 1824, Charlotte Bronte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters‟ School at Cowan Bridge. Due to its poor and unhealthy conditions, her two elder sisters died at 11 and 10 years old. Charlotte survived, but her healthy was permanently affected. Soon after, she moved from the school and lived with her living sisters, Emily and Anne. And Charlotte continued her education at Roe Heed School in Mirfield at fiftheen years old. In 1839, Charotte left Roe Heed School and took up the first position as a governess in some private families in Yorkshire. However, the job at that time was treated with bias and she suffered a lot.To make a living, Charlotte and her sister Emily wanted to open a school to teach children French, but they were not good at this language. In 1843, they travelled to Brussels to learn French. They met Mr. Herger, the owner of the Pension at Herger, a girl‟s school, where Charlotte and Emily were pupils and Charlotte later worked as a teacher. While during the period between 1839 and 1842, there were two men ask for Charlotte‟s proposal, one was the brother of Charlotte‟s friend, another was a young clergyman. Charlotte rejected them for the reason that she thought she was not their true love but a tradition to marry a woman. Her attitude towards love was very vivid. She knew whom she loved and what she wanted. Then Charlotte returned her hometown to open a school with her two sisters. However, they failed.After their dream was broken, Charlotte thought writing might be another way. In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a joint collection of poetry under assumed names of Currer, Ellis and Action Bell. Although only two copies were sold, they decided to continue writing for publication and began to work on their first novel. It was very unfortunate, Emily and Anne both died of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1848 and 1849 respectively. Charlotte and her father were left alone. Under the very hardship condition, Charlotte continuously worked hard in the journey of literary creation and published Shirley (1848) and Villette (1853) and began to create the novel Emma in 1853. For her first novel, The Professor (1857) was published under the name Currier Bell and was based on her own experiences of teaching in Brussels, but never found a publisher in her lifetime. The world-famous autobiography novel, Jane Eyre, was written in 1846. In the novel, Charlotte created a figure to make her ideal dream of love come true. On June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicho lls, her father‟s curate. She died nine months later during her first pregnancy. In general, her works are all about the strugggle of an individual consciousness toward slef-realization, about some lonely and neglected young wowen with a longing for love.1.2 The social background of Jane Eyre1832, the year when the first Reform Act was passed, was usually regarded as the end of the Romantic era and the beginning of the Victorian age, although Queen Victorian did not start her reign until 1837. The Victorian age (1832-1902) was usually subdivided into the following phases: the early victorian period, the mid-victorian period and the late victorian period. And Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre in the early victorian period when the economic developed rapidly. At that time, England developed into a rich, advanced industrial country. Although capitalist had appeared, old convention and prejudice remained dominant. Many social problems still exsited, forinstance, the sharpest contrast between the rich and the poor and the rigid social hierarchy. In this period, women were still regarded as second-class hierarchy. They were employed as cheap laborer and were forced to do very hard jobs. They had no place in politics, economics and society. They had no right to pursue their own love and their status were totally dependent upon the economic position of their fathers and then their husbands. Furthermore, they had to sacrifice themselves to serve their husbands and children.However, under various unequal treatments, some outstanding women appeared, such as famous women writers, Bronte sisters. They were great English realists at that time. They created pictures of bourgeois civilization, showing the misery and suffering of the common people. So in the late period of Victorian age, a feminism movement started. Those feminists fought for women‟s equality, freedom, their educational and employment opportunities. What‟s more, Petitions to parliament advocating women‟s suffrage were approved as early as in the 1840.1.3The brief introduction to “Jane Eyre”Jane Eyre, the main character, is a plain orphan who is cruelly treated in childhood by her aunt, Mrs. Reed, the wife of her mother‟s brother. At Gateshead, Jane bears ten years of neglect and abuse, especially after her uncle died. Mrs. Reed is a harsh, cold and unsympathetic woman who treats Jane as a servant, but pampers her three children. They look down upon her because she is not pretty and has no money. In order to be accepted by her aunt, she tries to stand difficulties, however, her aunt still treats her as a thron.After suffering all kinds of inhumane treatments at Gateshead, she is sent away to a boarding school at the tender age of ten, where she receives good education under severe conditions and makes a friend with Helen Burns. There, at Lowood,Jane bears a lot both physically and mentally, only consoled by a kind teacher, Miss Temple.After eight years at the school, Jane Eyre becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall. Mr. Rochester, the master of the house, who seems to have a dark past. Day after day, Mr. Rochester is attracted not by her looks but her wit and courageous spirit, and falls in love with her. This is the same with her. Then Jane accepts Mr. Rochester‟s proposal. But their marriage is prevented by the unexpected fact that he has already had a wife, a mad woman who is still alive. Jane feels very shocked and is deeply hurt, then she leaves him quietly because she doesn‟t want to be a mistress. Jane arrives at the desolate crossroads and refuses to beg for food. Fortunately, the Rivers family takes her into their home at Moor House. Jane develops great affection for the ladies, and happily teaches at St. John‟s school. She gradually thinks that she has inherited a vast fortune because she has become a member of a new famliy. St. John, a very handsome clergyman who is determined to devote himself to God. He admires Jane and asks her to be his wife. However, she suddenly feels that she still cherishes a deep love for Rochester. Finally, she refuses St. John and goes back to find Rochester, who is a blind but free man. Then they marry and enjoy a contented and peaceful life.II. Literary reviewJane Eyre was written according to Charlotte Bronte‟s own experience. It was published in London, England, in 1847 by Smith, Elder & Co. And the first American edition was released the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York. It has been described as “the first modern novel, the first to envelop the life of a plain ordinary woman with romance”(Thomley, G. C. & GwynethRoberts, 1984: 124) William Makepeace Thackeray also hailed it as “the mastework of great genius” . Jane Eyre successfully created a great sensation in the whole literary world through the struggling story of a “Cinderella”. Nowadays, it still attracts many readers. The film which was adapted by J ane Eyre, had won an Oscar Academy Awards. Therefore, lots of writers and critics at home and abroad remain enthusiastic about it.When G. K. Chesterton said, “ The novel of the 19th century was female” (G. K. Chesterton, 2011: 96) , he must have been refering to the emergence of a number of brilliant woman writers who gave voice to the feelings and aspirations of the educated women of their age. Charlotte Bronte is one of the greatest women writers, and her Jane Eyre is undoubtedly an outstanding women‟s declaration of independence and love. Jane Eyre is also honoured as “ Another book is required reading for women ” and “ It is worth reading than fifty Trollopes, fifty Dickens and any other novels” . (Trubner and Company, 2010 : 132) Furthermore, Dickens and Thackeray highly praised Jane Eyre as it revealed the political and the social truth to the world. At the same time, Marx also rated Charlotte as an excellent novelist in Britain.Throughout the domestic researches, Jane Eyre also gets a lot of recognition. “ For some years, Charlotte Bronte has written her works, Shirler, Villette and so on, but Jane Eyre is the most successful and popular one” (吴伟仁, 2004: 233) At the same time, it is al so regarded as “ a typical work which has a closely connection with the Bible in the 19th literature ” (卓新平, 1992: 232) Zhu Hong, a British and American literature researcher and tutor, understands Jane Eyre as a revenge on the upper society and regards the marriage of Jane and Rochester as a carnival of spiritual revenge.III. Jane Eyre at Gateshead3.1 Jane Eyre’s rebellion“Once a person is born, his personality has partly taken shape” . Indeed, the main part of a personality copies his parents, and the remaining part comes just from himself or from the circumstances. The circumstances which Jane lived in her childhood was miserable so that her spirit of striving for independence and rebellion was fully exposed.3.1.1 Under the ill-treatment from John ReedFrom the above introduction of Jane‟s experiences at Gateshead, we can know that Jane Eyre‟s life was unhappy and pitiful. Everyone in Reed house humiliated her, the one who always abused Jane Eyre was John Reed. John Reed, four years elder than Jane, was Mrs. Reed‟s only darling son. So no matter what he had done, no one would scold him, instead, all of them would think that it must be Jane‟s fault. At the initial stage, Jane had a little frightened to John when she was abused by him. For example, Jane Eyre said, “every nerve I had feared him, and every morsel of flesh on my bones shrank when he came near. ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 9) . However, Jane Eyre‟s mind was strong and she was not scared later. On the contrary, the seeds of the rebellion were gradually growing up.As for John, he had not much affection for his mother and sisters, let alone the sympathy to Jane Eyre. Furthermore, he always condemned Jane with dirty words which, to the great extent, hurt Jane‟s self-respect. For instance, he once said,“ You are a dependant, mama says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen’s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mama's expense. Now, I'll teach you to rummage my bookshelves... ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 9)In our views, the more difficulties there were, the more she was strong. Jane did not think that she should resign to such an uneducated and rude boy. When John Reed lift and hurled the book to Jane, she shouted out “wicked and cruel boy! You are like a murder---you are like a slave driver---you are like the roman emperors! ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 10) Then she tussled with John. This point has been shown clearly that the tolerance level of Jane Eyre has reached her limits. It is known to us that people who are only under the great oppression will break out their enormous power. Just like what Luxun said, “to explore in silence, or to die in it. ”Jane was a strong girl and never gave up. She dared to protect herself when she suffered from the humiliation of being criticized by everyone. She thought that they were not worth respecting. This thought was obviously contrary to the current of thought at that society of male priority. However, Jane was a different girl. She dared to think and act. The novel had pointed out that “ they had got me by this time into the apartment indicated by Mrs. Reed, and had thrust me upon a stool: my impulse was to rise from it like a spring. ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 11) From here we can imagine, at that time, Jane‟s rebellious conciousness was more strong than before.3.1.2 In the Red RoomWith the development of the unjust events, Jane started to fight against them. Firstly, facing John‟s unreasonably bullies, Jane didn‟t retreat but strike him. Secondly, the servants often blamed Jane and told her that she should not strikeJohn because he was her young master, but she attacked them in the strongest terms. Thirdly, Mrs. Reed hated to see Jane Eyre because of Jane‟s ceaseless rebellion. All these seemed that Jane was challenging the power of Mrs. Reed. So finally she couldn‟t escape from the tragedy of being sent to the red room. The room was seldom used, for Mr. Reed was dead in this room. We can‟t imagine that how horrible the red room is, even for a little girl. Everything in this room was filled with a sense of ghastly atmosphere, which made people stifling. So was Jane. She said,“ Although there was a superstition with me at that moment, it was not yet her hour for complete victory: my blood was still warm, the mood of the revolted slave was still bracing me with its bitter vigor. ”(Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 13)As long as she considered that“ All John Reed‟s violent tyrannies, all his sisters‟proud indifference…Why was it useless to try to win any one‟s favor…”(Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 13) Jane would cause a feeling of hatred at that time. There was only one word would come up her, that was the rebellion. Only through the rebellion, Jane could feel a sense of achievement and satisfactory. Only through the rebellion, she could have the opportunity to get freedom and independence because the red room was just like the hell. During the whole afternoon, Jane thought lots of things in this cold red room. She was sure that it was not the life she wanted.3.1.3 In front of Mrs. ReedAt Gateshead, the conversations between Mrs. Reed and Jane Eyre could well display her rebellions. When faced with so many different kinds of revilement, Jane had not shown any sign of fright. Instead, she gave the powerful words to hit back. While in Mrs. Reed‟s eyes, Jane was an unwelcome alien who permanently invaded her own family group. Therefore, she told her children notto go near Jane, but Jane cried out and said, “ They are not fit to associate with me. ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 27) Mrs. Reed was so angry when hearing it, and then dragged her into the nursery, pressed her on the edgy of the bed and said, “Dared me in an emphatic voice to rise from that place. ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 27) T hen, Jane talked it back immediately, “ What would uncle Reed say to you, if he were live? ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 27) These words shocked Mrs. Reed, and her eyes were filled with terror. She did not think that such a little girl had so great power and courage to speak to her.In the days of nursery, Jane was always striving, she was often thinking about how to express her inner thoughts out. She had been abused for a long time. But the only thing that she could do was to rebel, which was the best way that could protect her. She had learnt how to gather all her energy and give Mrs. Reed a forceful hit-back. When Mrs. Reed told Mr. Brocklehurst that Jane Eyre was a liar. Jane had a face to face conflict with her aunt, she defended,“ I am not deceitful: if I were you, I should say I love you: but I declare I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world except the John Reed: and this book about the liar, you may give your girl, Georgiana, for it is she tells lies, and not I. ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 35)How comfortable for Jane as she was saying these words. Jane still continued to say“ I am glad you are no relation of mine, I will never call you aunt as long as I live, and I will never come to see you when I am grown up. ” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 35)Jane was only a ten-year-old girl but she had such kind of courage against the things that she thought unfair.3.2 Jane’s independence at GatesheadIndependence is an outstanding quality throughout the whole novel. Jane Eyre is not pretty but her character is unique. Under a variety of difficulties at Gateshead, Jane gradually began to realize the importance of independence, as her conciousness of rebellion becoming more and more strong. She knew that dependence and incompetence invited nothing but scorn.As a result of the event that she striked with John, she was sent to the red room by her aunt. In the red room, she realized she needed to be saved and protected by herself and she needed to be self-reliant. She said, “Unjust! I never compromise to them. I shall be independent. ” (Charottle Bronte, 2008: 14) She hated Gateshead, she hated everyone there. She believed that only when she was independent, could she be respected by others.After all, Jane Eyre was a little girl and it was hard for her to be economically independent. Because of the hatred between Reeds and Jane Eyre, Jane would like to be sent to a low budget orphan school called Lowood Institution. Before Jane left the Gateshead, she rebuked Mrs. Reed,“You think I have no feelings and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness; but I cannot live so… People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard-hearted. You are deceitful! ”(Charottle Bronte, 2008: 35)This was the first time that Jane enjoyed a sense of triumph and freedom. And she also felt she was independent because she escaped from there.IV. Jane Eyre at Lowood Institution4.1 Jane’s rebellionWith thirst for new life, Jane Eyre went to Lowwood. It was a charity school, but in fact was a hell for poor girls. During the eight years of school‟s life, Jane‟s thought gradually became mature. What‟s more, this experience further developed her rebellion.4.1.1 Contrast between Helen Burns and Jane · EyreIn Lowood, Helen Burns pla yed a very important role in Jane Eyre‟s childhood and even in Jane‟s whole life, Helen Burns could be undoubtedly considered as Jane‟s friend. Helen was the first person who spoke to Jane in the Lowood. Jane loved to be with Helen because she was willing to share everything with her.However, they had different characters when they came across the same conditions. For example, when Helen was punished in the middle of a room, she had no complaining words. It seemed that nothing had happended, no crying, no shameful expression on her face. But Jane got very angry and she said to Helen,“ If I were in your place, I should dislike her; I should resist her; if she struck me with that rod, I should get it from her hand; I should break it under her nose.” (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 55)So seen from this sentence, we learned that Helen didn‟t dare to fight, and she wasn‟t brave as much as Jane. And she told Helen,“ A great deal: you are good to those who are good to you. It is all ever desire to be. If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid… I am sure we should— so hard as to teach the person who struck us never do it again! ”(Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 56)This forceful speech embodied the deep oppression of Jane‟s rebellious spirit. We believed that if Jane was right, she would do it without any hesitation. Here, Jane‟s rebellious character kept growing.Helen was always telling her belief to Jane. She was deeply poisoned by religion and sincerely believed in God. Furthermore, she wished to be in heaven after death. She said to Jane, “ I am sure there is a future state; I believe God is good…God is my father; God is my friend; I love Him; I believe He loves me. ”(Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 80) But Jane did not like her. She would not sumbit to fate and the environment. She was a girl born with strong rebellion. As long as any evil force came to her, she must fight against them and must protect herself. This rebellious awareness was just the quality that Helen was lack of.4.1.2 Against Mr. BrocklehurstAs we all know, Mr. Brocklehurst was not only a hypocrite, but also a snob man, though he was the founder of the Lowood. So at the Lowood School, he could enjoy the most favorable right. He treated the students as servants and punished the students in the name of saving their souls. The school didn‟t provide the poor children with enough food, clothes and it could not give good treatment for the disease. Therefore, death had become something common at Lowood Institution. This condition aroused Jane‟s rebellion again.Jane was a girl who was always ready to fight. It was obvious that she didn‟t like Mr. Brocklehurst. At Lowood, Mr. Brocklehurst scolded Jane as a liar. Undoubtedly, such sharp words hurt Jane deeply. As long as there was a hope, Jane would have a sense of rebellion.When Mr. Brocklehurst wanted to cut the long hair of Julia Severn, the blackboard suddenly slipped from Jane‟s hand and fell with an obtrusive crash so that Mr. Brocklehurst punished Jane to stand on the chair in front of everyone. As Jane had said that she could not bear such humiliating punishment, but now she was standing in the middle of the room. The feelings of inward were beyond the description. Jane‟s heart was filled with fury. She never stopped longing for a free life in a new world. She thought that she must do everything she could completely to fight against the bad man and to resist the unfair punishement. At this moment, Jane‟s rebellion became stronger and stronger.4.2 Jane’s independence at Lowood InstitutionJane‟s independent consciousness was sprouted at Gateshead first, it took shape at Lowood Institution. Under lots of unfair punishement, Jane gained strength from her teacher and fellow students. And Jane tired to achieve her independence.Helen‟s sincere friendship gave her strength. Although she didn‟t accept Helen‟s belief about abandoning human affection and praying for God‟s love, but Jane was deeply moved by Helen‟s words,“ Yet it would be your duty to bear it , if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what your fate to be required to bear. ”(Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 55)Jane learnt self-control from Helen Burns. And Helen told her that life was so short that people couldn‟t waste it to bear grudges. This might be the reason why Jane finally forgave Mrs. Reed.Miss Temple, a teacher who was admired and deeply loved by Jane. When Mr. Brocklehurst told all the people that Jane was a liar, Miss Temple gave a chance to Jane to defend herself. She believed what Jane said and it gave Jane great consolation. Miss Temple often encouraged her students to keep up their spirits. Jane learnt the value of independence from her. After the leaving of Miss Temple, Jane couldn‟t put up with dullness there. She was eager for freedom and a new life. She told herself that she wanted to go to a lively place. And no matter what happened in the future, she would face it bravely. The rebellious spirit was lightened again. And she also believed that if she wanted to be independent, she must achieve economic independence. Then Jane made an advertisement and got a job as a governess at Thornfied.V. Jane at Thornfield Hall and Moor House5.1 Jane’s rebellionTime in Thornfield‟s and Moor House played a significant role in Jane Eyre‟s life. This part showed the climax of Jane‟s rebellious and independent spirit through her attitude to human dignity, love and marriage.5.1.1 On human dignityWhen Jane Eyre first came to Thornfield Hall, she didn‟t feel ashamed of her plain apperance and poverty-stricken state. She defended her dignity asdefending her life. Jane didn‟t show any subservience before her wealthy and arrogant master. When Rochester ordered Jane to talk more with him to please him, she refused firmly. In Jane‟s eyes, Mr. Rochester couldn‟t consider himself superior to her regarding to his age, experience and status.Jane stayed consistent in her beliefs when she didn‟t know much about Rochester yet. One evening, she was asked by Rochester, “Do you think I‟m handsome? ”“ Normally I would have taken time to think, and said something polite, but somehow I answered at once, …No, sir.‟”Jane wrote. (Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 129) She was unwilling to tell that Mr. Rochester was handsome although he was her employer. She didn‟t want to flatter others, although she knew that it would benefit her job. She hoped that she could be equal to his master in spirit except in money and in social class. Since then, she was able to communicate with Rochester in spirit and gained respect for human dignity from him.5.1.2 On loveDay by day, through many equal contacts between Jane and Rochester, Jane found that she fell in love with Rochester. “ The friendly frankness, as correct as cordial, with which he treated me, drew me to him. I felt at times as if he were my relation rather than my master. ”(Charlotte Bronte, 2008: 144) She comprehended his faults and sympathized his misfortune. She saw his kind- hearted nature.Jane loved Mr. Rochester very much. In order to pursue the whole love from Mr. Rochester, Jane was fighting for the traditional ideas all the time. When she heard that Mr. Rochester would get married with Miss. Ingram, she was desperate. As for Mr. Rochester, he thought that Jane would like some women。