专业八级分类模拟428

大学专业英语八级模拟考试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Questioning Techniques—AskingQuestions EffectivelyⅠ. Successful communications: asking the right questions—improving many communication skills: e.g.1)collecting better 12)strengthening 23)dealing with people effectively4)helping others to learnⅡ. Techniques of putting forward questions and their effectsA. Open questions— 3 long answers—helping develop open conversation—including more 4—knowing the other's viewsB. Closed questions—answers being short, factual—being good for testing understandings, drawing a conclusion, and for 5—being avoided for 6C. Funnel questions—focusing on one point for more details—helping witnesses 7 the scene—arousing the interest and increasing the 8 of the listenerD. 9 questions—asking an example to help with understanding—asking extra information to 10 what is being said—making sure to get the whole story and 11 information from othersE. Leading questions—leading the hearer to your way of thinking e.g. adding a personal appeal ; giving a choice between two 12—getting your 13 without imposing the hearerF. 14 questions—statements being in question form actually—making the listener slip into 15 with youSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Distance themselves from the patient.B. Be direct and concrete.C. Use euphemisms to tell the patients what's happening to them.D. Hide the truth from the patient.17、A. You will die soon.B. The cancer has come back.C. You have a malignancy.D. Your liver has hypo-densities.18、A. Patients should be hided from all the information.B. Doctors make all the decisions themselves.C. The family of the patients make the decisions for the patients.D. Patients emphasize on autocracy.19、A. His experience with many cancer patients.B. His suffering of the mother's death.C. His conversation with a senior physician.D. His experience as an oncology trainee.20、A. Advertisements.B. Business talks.C. Entertainments.D. News.21、A. It produces a visual effect and makes the talk more dynamic.B. It makes the talk well delivered and more attractive to the audience.C. It helps the audience build their confidence and get involved in the talk.D. It helps the speaker get more chance of being employed.22、 A. It provides feedbacks to the talk. B. It can raise the audience's interest.C. It gives the presenter a logic mind.D. It amuses both the presenter and audience.23、A. Entertain the audience by telling jokes. B. Outline your main points to the audience.C. Find a clear and memorable conclusion.D. Say something that relevant to the subject.24、A. It is not as significant as the first and last parts.B. It is the least enjoyable part for every audience.C. It is a make-or-break moment for the presenter.D. It is memorable to most of the audience.25、A. Well arranged structures plus clear and enjoyable talking.B. A good start and a clear conclusion plus a detailed script.C. A long time explanation plus indulged audiences.D. A speech full of various anecdotes and analogies.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEHistorians tend to date the birth of modern capitalism to the late sixteenth and early seventeen centuries, but to understand what actually occurred an important distinction must be made. Here are basically two types of capitalism: commercial and industrial. In commercial capitalism the capitalist is usually a merchant who invests money both in buying the raw material and in marketing the finished product one produced. In the case of wool cloth, for example, the merchant buys the raw wool; then either the merchant or the agent carries the wool to the artisans who spin, weave, and dye it in their shops or homes. They usually work by the piece and own or rent their equipment. When the cloth is finished, the merchant then sells the product; the merchant's profit lies in the difference between what the cloth cost to produce and the purchase price of the finished goods.This form of capitalism, with the merchant as capitalist, began in the Middle Ages and remained the dominant form for the production of industrial goods down to the eighteenth century. The economic boom of the sixteenth century did not significantly affect the way the goods were produced: what did change was the number of people engaged in producing. The production of industrial goods significantly increased in the sixteenth century because so many more independent producers were working for the merchant.Industrial capitalism, on the other hand, refers to investment in the modes or means of production. In this case the capitalist is not the merchant but the factory or mine owner. Investment in machines means more productivity per worker and more variety in products. In the sixteenth century a rapid surge in the amount of investment in machinery occurred in such areas as metalworking, glass making, paper production, coal mining and firearms manufacture. Although the output of goods provided by industrial capitalism climbed significantly after 1550, until the end of the eighteenth century commercial capitalism was responsible for most of the industrial production of Europe.PASSAGE TWOFrom a hillside, Kamal Saadat looked forlornly at hundreds of potential customers, knowing he could not take them for trips in his boat to enjoy a spring weekend on picturesque Oroumieh Lake, the third largest saltwater lake on earth, which now lay encased by solidifying salt. Saadat lamented that he could not understand why the lake was fading away.The long popular lake, home to migrating flamingos, pelicans and gulls, has shrunken by 60 percent and could disappear entirely in just a few years—drained by drought, misguided irrigation policies, development and the damming of rivers that feed it.Until two years ago, Saadat supplemented his income from almond-and grape-growing by taking tourists on boat tours. But as the lake receded and its salinity rose, he found he had to stop the boat every 10 minutes to unfoul the propeller—and finally, he had to give up this second job that he'd used to support a five-member family. The visitors were not enjoying such a boring trip, for they had to cross hundreds of meters of salty lakebed just to reach the boat from the wharf.Other boatmen, too, have parked their vessels by their houses, where they stand as sad reminders of the deep-water days. And the lake's ebbing affects an ever-widening circle.The receding water has also weakened hotel business and tourism activities in the area, and planned hotel projects remain idle since investors are reluctant to continue.Beyond tourism, the salt-saturated lake threatens agriculture nearby in northwest Iran, as storms sometimes carry the salt far afield. Many farmers worry about the future of their lands, which for centuries have been famous for apples, grapes, walnuts, almonds, onions, potatoes, as well as aromatic herbal drinks, candies and tasty sweet pastes.Official reports blame the drying mainly on a decade-long drought, and peripherally on consumption of water of the feeding rivers for farming. They put 5 percent of the blame on construction of dams and 3 percent on other factors.The first alarm over the lake's shrinking came in late 1990s amid a nagging drought. Nonetheless, the government continued construction of 35 dams on the rivers which feed the lake; 10 more dams are on the drawing boards for the next few years. Also completed was a lake-crossing roadway. No environmental feasibility study was done in the planning for the road, and environmentalists believe the project worsened the lake's health by acting as a barrier to water circulation.In April, the Iranian government announced a three-prong effort to save the lake: a cloud-seeding program to increase rainfall in the area, a lowering of water consumption by irrigation systems, and supplying the lake with remote sources of water.Some experts termed the weather control portion of the program as only a "symbolic action" by government, saying the best answer would be to release more water currently being held back by dams. The evaporation rate has been three times the rainfall rate, making the rivers' historic role vital to sustaining the lake.In the green and beautiful city of Oroumieh, famous for peaceful coexistence between Azeri people, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians as well as Muslims and Christians, talk about the fate of the lake is common among ordinary people in teahouses and on the streets. Some express happiness with the government decision to manipulate clouds in hopes of increasing rainfall. However, many locals called the cloud-seeding plan "a show", and the water held back by those dams was the solution.Beyond the debates by national and local authorities some folks here suggest another way Oroumieh could be saved. A local legend says wild purple gladiolas have had a miraculous role in doing just that. The flowers have grown every year for a thousand years in the spot where a princess of Oroumieh was killed as she warned the people of the city about an invading enemy. As a recent sunset turned the lake golden, Kamal the boatman tried to find some hope in the returning blossoms."You see, still wild purple gladiolas are appearing in the spring," he said. "The city and its lake can eventually survive."PASSAGE THREEEvery silver lining has its cloud. At the moment, the world's oceans absorb a million tonnes of carbon dioxide an hour. Admittedly that is only a third of the rate at which humanity dumps the stuff into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, but it certainly helps to slow down global warming. However, what is a blessing for the atmosphere turns out to be a curse for the oceans. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water it forms carbonic acid. At the moment, seawater is naturally alkaline—but it is becoming less so all the time.The biological significance of this acidification was a topic of debate among scientists. Many species of invertebrate have shells or skeletons made of calcium carbonate. It is these, fossilized, that form rocks such as chalk and limestone. And, as anyone who has studied chemistry at school knows, if you drop chalk into acid it fizzes away to nothing. Many marine biologists therefore worry that some species will soon be unable to make their protective homes. Many of the species most at risk are corals. The end of the Permian period, 252m years ago, was marked by the biggest extinction of life known to have happened on Earth. At least part of the cause of this extinction seems to have been huge volcanic eruptions that poured carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. But some groups of animals became more extinct than others. Sponges, corals and brachiopods were particularly badly hit.Rather than counting individual species of fossils, which vary over time, paleontologists who study extinction usually count entire groups of related species, called genera. More than 90% of Permian genera of sponges, corals and brachiopods vanished in the extinction. By contrast, only half of the genera of mollusks and arthropods disappeared.This is because mollusks and arthropods are able to buffer the chemistry of the internal fluids from which they create their shells. This keeps the acidity of those fluids constant. Sponges, corals and brachiopods, however, cannot do this.The situation at the moment is not as bad as it was at the end of the Permian. Nevertheless, calculations suggest that if today's trends continue, the alkalinity of the ocean will have fallen by half a pH unit by 2100. That would make some places, such as the Southern Ocean, uninhabitable for corals. Since corals provide habitat and food sources for many other denizens of the deep, this could have a profound effect on the marine food web.No corals, no sea urchins and no who-knows-what-else would be bad news indeed for the sea. Those who blithely factor oceanic uptake into the equations of what people can get away with when it comes to greenhouse-gas pollution should,perhaps, have second thoughts.PASSAGE FOURTransplanting organs brings life to the dying. But most donor organs are harvested from the dead. Shortfalls in the number of volunteer donors, the difficulty of gaining the consent of grieving relatives, and a reduction in most countries of the rate of fatal road accidents (the most reliable source of healthy organs), mean that there is a constant lack of them. Thousands die each year while on waiting lists for transplants. Researchers have, therefore, long sought ways to boost supply.One idea is to harvest animal organs. That is less mad than it sounds. A liver, a kidney or a cornea does the same job, regardless of species. And it works. In 1984 an American child lived for three weeks after receiving a baboon heart intended as a stopgap until a human donor could be found (unfortunately, one was not found in time). Conversely, human organs have been transplanted into animals for the purpose of research. Earlier this year, for example, a paper in the American Journal of Transplantation described moving kidneys from human fetuses into rats.Until now, though, two technical problems have stood in the way of routinely transplanting animal organs into people. One is that the recipient's immune system must be persuaded to tolerate a big chunk of foreign tissue. The other is that swapping tissues between species risks swapping diseases, too. This second problem may soon be addressed, if George Church of the Harvard Medical School has his way. For, as he and his colleagues describe this week in Science, genetic engineering can now be used to eliminate one of the most worrying types of pathogen that might be spread via transplants.The animal most commonly suggested as a donor is the pig. Pigs are roughly the size of human beings. They are reasonably well understood. And millennia of experience mean they are easy to breed. But they are not perfect. In particular, their DNA is full of retroviruses, known specifically as porcine endogenous retroviruses, or PERVs. The genes of these viruses hitch a lift from one pig generation to another as an integral part of the porcine genome, whence they can break out and cause infection. And tests in laboratories suggest that, given the opportunity, they can infect human cells as well. The existence of PERVs, then, has been one of the main obstacles to transplanting pig organs into people.Dr Church and his colleagues thought PERVs ideal candidates to test the mettle of one of the rising stars of biotechnology, CRISPR/Cas9. This is a gene-editing technique derived from bacteria, which use it as a sort of immune system. In nature, it recognises specific sequences of viral DNA and chops the DNA molecule apart at these points, protecting the bacterium from harm. Tweaked a bit in the laboratory, it can be made to recognise any DNA sequence and do likewise. This permits specific stretches of DNA to be deleted from genomes, and also allows new stretches to be inserted into the gap thus created.Dr Church and his fellow researchers analysed the genetic sequences of one family of PERVs, with a view to attacking them with CRISPR/Cas9. They found that the sequence of the gene which lets the virus integrate itself into its host's DNA is the same from one strain of virus to another. That allowed them to program aCRISPR/Cas9 system to look for this particular sequence and chop it out of the genome.The porcine kidney cells Dr Church used for his experiments had 62 PERVs embedded in their genomes. He and his colleagues tested their molecular scissors on several lines of these cells. In the most responsive, they managed to stop out all 62 copies of the integration gene.Since PERVs rely on this gene to infect human cells as well as porcine ones, deleting it should stop them jumping into human hosts. Sure enough, tests in Petri dishes showed that the modified pig cells did not infect human cells grown alongside them. And, despite the extensive edits made to their DNA, those pig cells seemed unharmed by the procedure.A single paper does not make a new medical procedure. In particular, the editing would need to be done to sex cells, or their precursors, if actual lines of "clean" pigs were to be bred for use as organ donors. But this is still a striking result. Not only does it demonstrate that it is possible to cleanse animal cells of unwanted viral passengers, thus helping remove one of the big barriers to cross-species organ transplants; it also shows the power of a genetic-engineering technique that has existed for only three years. However, the popularity of such techniques waxes and wanes. This year's favourite can be next year's also-ran. For now, though, CRISPR/Cas9 is on a roll.26、The phrase "work by the piece" in the first paragraph means ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. mass productionB. efficient productionC. small-scale productionD. full production27、The first paragraph of this passage is mostly about ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. products produced under industrial capitalismB. how commercial capitalism operatesC. how industrial capitalism operatesD. the economic boom of the sixteenth century28、According to the passage, commercial capitalism dominated the European economy until the ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. Middle AgesB. sixteenth centuryC. beginning of the eighteenth centuryD. end of the eighteenth century29、The ebbing of the Oroumieh Lake does NOT affect ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the locals' second jobB. agricultureC. the salt productionD. hotel business and tourism activities30、The author's attitude towards the three-prong effort announced by the Iranian government is ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. favorableB. ambiguousC. criticalD. reserved31、Kamal's words at the end of the passage imply that ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. purple gladiolas were found around the lakeB. purple gladiolas could save the lakeC. the locals hoped the lake would not diminishD. the locals were sure of the lake's survival32、The message the author attempts to convey throughout the passage is that ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the Oroumieh Lake is in dangerB. the home to migrating animals is vanishingC. humans' behavior is harmful to natureD. local tourism business has been hurt33、The sentence "Every silver lining has its cloud" in the first paragraph probably means ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. there is always a difficult side to a hopeful situationB. there is always a comforting side to a sad situationC. there is always a chink of light before the sun comes pouring inD. visible water vapor floating in the sky can join up to make a silver line34、The word "brachiopod" in the third paragraph means ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. a kind of invertebratesB. a kind of marine mammalsC. a kind of colonial plantsD. a kind of aquatic vertebrates35、Which category of writing does the passage belong to?(PASSAGE THREE.A. Narration.B. Description.C. Persuasion.D. Exposition.36、The best title for the passage is ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. Global WarmingB. Sour TimesC. Carbon DioxideD. Ocean Acidity37、Which of the following factors did NOT partially cause the shortage of donor organs?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. There is a decreasing number of volunteer donors.B. It's hard to gain the consent of grieving relatives of the dead.C. The rate of fatal road accidents is reducing.D. The number of healthy organs is decreasing.38、What does the word "swap" mean in the third paragraph?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Exchange.B. Insert.C. Delete.D. Cure.39、Which of the following statements about CRISPR/Cas9 is true?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. It is a sort of immune system.B. It can be used to generate new genes.C. It can be used to edit genes by deleting specific stretches of DNA.D. It will help to remove all barriers in cross-species organ transplants.40、SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.What is the main idea of this passage?(PASSAGE ONE.41、In the eyes of many locals, what is the best way to save the Oroumieh Lake?(PASSAGE TWO)42、What does the word "alkaline" mean in the first paragraph?(PASSAGETHREE.43、Why are corals crucial to deep-sea ecosystems?(PASSAGE THREE.44、What is the author's main purpose of writing this passage?(PASSAGE THREE.45、What caused the death of the American child in 1984?(PASSAGE FOUR)46、Why are pigs most commonly suggested as organ donors?(PASSAGE FOUR)47、How does the author feel about the paper written by George Church and his colleagues?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.During interpretation, short-term memory operations occurcontinually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 48sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 49phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 50analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 51take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign nameand saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" isrecognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 52D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 53associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during whichthe idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 54others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker orspeech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, informationdensity, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker's accent,interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to havemore time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 55reformulation problems.Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under thecategory of automatic operations because they include the storage 56of information for later use. One might add that storedinformation changes both from one speech to another or during 57every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored informationquantities and storage duration can vary from moment tomoment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identicaloperations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of theprocesses.PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、“干什么的?”老太太问。

专业八级・1024(总分105,考试时间90分钟)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture ・Writing Experimental ReportsL Content of an experimental report, e. g ・一 study subject/area—study purpose -- (1)一 providing details—regarding readers as (2)III. Structure of an experimental report—feature ： highly structured and (3)一 sections and their content: INTRODUCTION (4) : why you did itMETHOD how you did itRESULTS what you found out (5) what you think it showsIV. Sense of readership一 (6) : reader is the marker (7) : reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligentperson with little knowledge of your study —tasks to ftilfillin an experimental report:—introduction to relevant area—necessary background information—development of clear arguments—definition of technical terms一 precise description of data (8)V. Demands and expectations in report writing一 early stage:understanding of study subject/area and its implications一 basic grasp of the report's format——later stage:一 (9) on research significanee一 things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:—inadequate material一 (10) of research justification for the study1.该题您未冋答:X 该问题分侑：1答案:study result/findings ［听力原文］1-10Writing experimental reportsGood morning, everyone. Today well discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write(1) ______ ⑵ _____ (3) _____ ⑷ ______ (5) _____ (6) ______ ⑺ ______ (8) _____ (9) _____ (10) _____experimental reports. When you first signed up for a course in university like a psychology course, chances are that you didn't really expect what was coming in your study, particularly the course emphasis on methodology and statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that yoifvc already known something about the course・ For most, however, I dare say it will undoubtedly have been a shock to the system. No doubt in other parts of your course study T you will read books and journals examining critically models in theories, assumptions and hypothesis put toward by scholars and specialists. My task today is to help you understand some of the important features of the experimental reports, because you will have to write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work, especially experimenting・(1) Then what is an experimental report? All report is, really, is the place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on. In doing this, you are more like an ancient story teller, whose stories were structured in accordanee with widely recognized and long established conventions than the modem novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the story teller of old, although you will inevitably be telling your story to someone who knows quite a bit about it already, you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. (2)This means that you'll need to spell out the details and assume little knowledge of the area on the part of your audience・Then perhaps you may ask what is the nature of the conventions governing the report. A clue I think can be found in its basic structure. (3)A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and the sections by and large follow an established sequence. What it means is that, in the telling your story is to be cut up into chunks・ Different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report. (4)What you did and why you did it appear in the section called introduction. How you did it is in the method section, and what you found out is in the result section. And finally, (5)vvhat you think it shows appears in the discussion part. As you can say, the report therefore is a formal document composed of series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear. We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as wc go along, for example, what arc the subsections in the method.But today, I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away. The first of this concerns: the person to whom you should address your reports whom I should call your reader・(6)A very common mistake, especially early on, is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report.(7) In reality, however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else, an idealized, hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which you took place・ Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind, (8)so you need to make sure that you have, 1) introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study; 2) provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it; 3) spelt out and developed your arguments clearly; 4) defined technical terms and 5) provided precise details of the way which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained .In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for granted about your reader's knowledge of your area of study ・ So when in doubt, spell it out.This is my advice to you, If you find this difficult to do, then the useful approach is to write the report as if it will be read by someone you know, who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject, a friend of yours say. Write it as if this pers on were going to have to read and un dersta nd it. Indeed, it is a good idea, if you can, to give just such a person to read your report before hand it in. The dema nds and expectatio ns placed upon you, will of course, vary with your experience of report writing. Early on in your study, as the author of the experimental reports, less will be expected of you than latter. At this early stage, you will be expected mainly to show that you understand what you did in your report and its implications, together with evidence that you have, at least a basic grasp of the demands of the report's format. (9)Later on, however, you will be expected to pay more attention tothis research significance of what you did. The "why you did it" part will become more important because in being responsible for the choice of the topic and design, you will be expected to be able to justify this choice• So you must be able to tell us why it is that gave the options available to you, you decided to conduct your particular study. You will need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking about how the ideas that you are entertaining for your experiment or study will look in the report, pay particular attention to how they will fit into the part of introduction.Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are, (lO)first, a lack of adequate material to put in the section, and second, the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification because it is based on the assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area ・ Thin king clearly in advance will help you to avoid making these mistakes.Ok, today, we've had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about and some of the basic issues like reader awareness, so on and so forth. Next time，we will discuss how to write up the introductio n sect io n.2.该问题分值:1 答案:unknovvledgeable audiences3.该题您未冋答:x该问题分值:1答案:disciplined4.该题您未冋答:x该问题分值：1答案:what you did5.该题您未回答:x该问题分值:I答案:DISCUSSION该题您未冋答:X6.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分fft: 1答案:a common mistake7.该题您来冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:in reality8.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分们I: 1答案:collecting and analyzing9.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:focus/cmphasis10.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:lackSECTION B11.Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned by Edward in choosing the location1' of a house? A・Way of life one enjoys leading.B.Proximity to the work place.C.Convenienee of other family members.D.Distance from relatives and friends.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:D[听力原文]1-5W: Today I'd like to welcome Edward Fox, a seasoned real-estate age nt, who is going to talk to us about buying a house・ Hello, Edward, good to see you.M: Hello.W: Now Edward, I think for most people buying a house is a major life event, and probably the single most expensive item they are ever likely to buy. What precautions do they have to take before a real purchase? Can you give some suggestions?M: You are right in saying buying a house costs a lot. But as to me, the most important thing to consider before buying any property is the location.W: Location?M: Right. Because it is where you plan to spend a large part of your lifb. O匚indeed, the rest of your life in some circumstances.「l]Therefbre, consider the type of lifb you enjoy leading. If you are a very sociable person who enjoys nightclubs and discos, you may consider something close to a city. Anyway, a city is convenient for all types of nightlife.W: Then, for those who like to seek a quiet life, do you recommend a house in the countryside?M: Well, countryside is a tranquil place. [1 [However」do remember that proximity to the place of work also counts. [2]Indeed、we spend most of our lifb at work and you don't want to have to spend two or more hours every day traveling to work、do you?W: Absolutely.M: Therefore, transport is of the utmost importa nee.」2]City suburbs, however, are ofte n conveniently located fbr commuting to work, or for shopping, without being in the heart of a busy city. W: But houses in the suburbs are far more expensive than those in cities.M: [3 ]They seem to bc, but actually houses located in cities can often exceed the price of suburban houses、so check out the prices. You may be surprised.W: Really? So we should consider our place of work and personality in choosing the location. Is that so? M: I'm afraid you have to take family into con sideration as well. You may prefer a house that is away from a busy street or main road. And of course, remember that children have to attend school. If you have children, or you plan to have children, location is a very important factor. And of course, [1 [remember that a family influences the size of the DroDcrty・W: Oh, I see. How many types of houses can we choose?M: There arc various types of houses・ The first is called detached houses, which stand alone, and arc not joined by another building. The n there are semi-detached houses, which are the most comm on. This is because they are, in fact, two houses joined together, and therefore take up less space・ And there are town houses, too, which are many houses joined together to form a long row. But 1 don't think that town houses arc less expensive than semi- detached houses・ They rarely arc. [3]This is because they are usually built in cities where the price of the property is very expensive・ W: Then what about old houses? They must be cheaper than new ones.M: Maybe they are. But if the house is too old, you may be faced with expe nsive repairs and renovation bills. |~4]So have a house thoroughly checked by a professional surveyor befbre you decide to buv.W: I agree. It's economical to buy old houses only when they arc in good condition. By the way, a lot of property has a garden attached to it. Do you think it's a good choice?M: Ifs true that a lot of property has a garden .If you enjoy gardening, thafs fine. But if you don't enjoy gardening then you may prefer a small garden, as opposed to a big one. But even if you do enjoy gardening it is important to remember that gardens take up a lot of your time. So keeping a garden in good order may be very difficult if you work long hours・W: You are quite right. Any other suggestions?M: |~5]One final thing is the general fbel of the place・ Does it have a good atmosphere? And most important of all would YOU fbcl comfbrtablc living there?W: Edward, I never knew I had to consider so many things while buying a house・ Thank you very much for talking with us.M: My pleasure・12.According to Edward, which of the following is CORRECT?A.A sociable person is suitable to live in the city suburbs・B.Suburban houses are more expensive than houses in cities.C・ City suburbs are conveniently located for commuting to work.D. City suburbs arc popular among the young gcncration.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:C13.Why are the town houses rarely less expensive than semi -detached houses?A.Because they are usually built on expensive property.B.Because they take too much space in cities・C.Because they have larger room for price to go up.D・ Because they are built luxuriously and elegantly.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分侑：1答案:A14.If you decide to buy an old house, you'd betterA.have a professional surveyor check it thoroughly.B.have the owner repair and renovate it thoroughly.C・ find out the remaining life expectancy of the house・D.check all things yourself to make sure they work well.A B C D ~该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:A15.What is Edward's idea about the size of a garden attached to a house?A.The bigger, the better.B.The smaller, the better.C・ It depends on the owner's preferenee and time・D・ It depends on the size of the house・A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:CSECTION CA B C D 该题您未冋答:x ［听力原文］The United States has strongly criticized the broadcast of previously unseen images of alleged prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq. The images, which show prisoners apparently being tortured and humiliated, have been shown on television stations across the world. The American Defense Department confirmed the authenticity of the pictures, but said releasing them could only serve to incite unnecessary violence・ The American authorities arc very unhappy that these new disturbing images from Abu Ghraib have seen the light of day. The State Department has dismissed them as disgusting and defended the US government's decision to try and stop their publication・17.Salman Rushdie is _____ by origin.A.BritishB. AmericanC.IndianD. IranianA B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:C［听力原文］9-10President Clinton has met at the White House with British author Salman Rushdie, who has been under a death sentence issued by Iran for his book Satanic Vcrscs.White House officials confirm the President met briefly with Mr Rushdie, Wednesday .It was their first such meeting. A White House official, who was asked not to be identified, said the Indian・bom author spent just under an hour here・ He said U. S. officials assured Mr Rushdie the administration supports freedom of expression and he reiterated the U. S. call for Iran to lift its death edict against Mr Rushdie・ At the same time the U・ S・ official pointed out the U.S. call on Iran should not be misinterpreted as opposition to Islam but opposition to intolerance and state-supported murder. Mr Rushdie has been in hiding for four years but appeared unexpectedly at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to receive an honorary post as visiting Professor of the Humanities. Iran has charged Satanic Verses is blasphemous・考杳学生对新闻屮Indian-born和试题屮by origin的理解。

英语专业八级模拟试题练习例题英语专业八级模拟试题练习例题英语专业八级模拟试题In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then write your answers on the space given.A magazines design is more than decoration, more than simple packaging. It expresses the magazines very character. The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions -- literary and journalistic -- can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue -- the work of our art director, Judy Garlan -- represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment. Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design:" I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching the elegance and power of the writing which the magazine is known for. The overall design has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects -- urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces, lifestyle-oriented pieces, short stories, poetry. We dont want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and we dont want heavier pieces to seem too pretty.We also use a broad range of art and photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel, needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic world. The primary typefaces Garlan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni, for a more stylish and flexible display type (article titles, large initials, and soon). Other aspects of the new design are structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one another, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The Travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As noted in this space last month, the word "Monthly" rejoins "The Atlantic" on the cover, after a decade-long absence. Judy Garlan came to the Atlantic in 1981 after having served as the art director of several other magazines.During her tenure here the Atlantic has won more than 300 awards for visual excellence. from the Society of illustrators, the American Institute of Graphic Arts, the Art Directors Club, Communication Arts, and elsewhere. Garlan was in various ways assisted in the redesign by the entire art-department staff: Robin Gilmore, Barnes, Betsy Urrico, Gillian Kahn, and Lisa Manning. The artist Nicholas Gaetano contributed as well: he redrew our colophon (the figure of Neptune that appears on the contents page) and created the symbols that will appear regularly on this page (a rendition of our building), on the Puzzler page, above the opening of letters, and on the masthead. Gaetano, whose work manages to combine stylish clarity and breezy strength, is the cover artist for this issue.1. Part of the new design is to be concerned with the following EXCEPT ______A) variation in the typefaces.B) reorganization of articles in the front.C) creation of the travel column.D) reinstatement of its former name.2. According to the passage, the new design work involves ______A) other artists as well.B) other writers as well.C) only the cover artist.D) only the art director.3. This article aims to ______A) emphasize the importance of a magazine’s design.B) introduce the magazine’s art director.C) persuade the reader to subscribe to the magazine.D) inform the reader of its new design and features.。

专业八级分类模拟435(总分：58.92，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：1，分数：30.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) If you drop your laptop computer, a chip built into it will sense the acceleration and protect the delicate moving parts of its hard disk before it hits the ground. A group of researchers led by Jesse Lawrence of Stanford University are putting the same accelerometer chip to an intriguing new use: detecting earthquakes. They plan to create a network of volunteer laptops that can map out future quakes in far greater detail than traditional seismometers manage.(2) Seismometers are large, expensive beasts, costing $10,000 or more apiece. They are designed to be exquisitely sensitive to the sort of vibrations an earthquake produces, which means they can pick up tremors that began halfway around the world. By contrast, the accelerometer chips in laptops, which have evolved from those used to detect when a car is in a collision and thus trigger the release of the airbags, are rather crude devices. They are, however, ubiquitous. Almost all modem laptops have them and they are even finding their way into mobile phones. The iPhone, for example, uses such a chip to detect its orientation so that it can rotate its display and thus make it easily readable.(3) On its own, an accelerometer chip in a laptop is not very useful for earthquake-detection, as it cannot distinguish between a quake and all sorts of other vibrations—the user tapping away at the keyboard, for example. But if lots of these chips are connected to a central server via the internet, their responses can be compared. And if a large number in a particular place register a vibration at almost the same time, it is more likely to be an earthquake than a bunch of users all hitting their space bars. To exploit this group effect, Dr Lawrence"s Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) employs the same software that is used by the SETI@home project, which aggregates computing power from hundreds of thousands of volunteer computers around the world to analyzeradio-telescope signals for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence.(4) Dr Lawrence and his colleagues have already demonstrated that the QCN works. It detected a quake near Reno, Nevada, in April, and one near Los Angeles in July. Merely detecting a quake, however, is not the point. Seismometers can do that. To be useful, the QCN needs to be able to do things that seismometers cannot.(5) One of those things is to measure the maximum amount of ground shaking. The sensitivity of seismometers means that strong signals would damage them if they were not designed to "clip" such signals when they exceed a certain threshold. The price paid is that information about strong, nearby earthquakes is lost. Laptop accelerometers are more robust. Though they cannot, if in America, tell you anything about an earthquake in China, they can sometimes do better than conventional kit when measuring local quakes.(6) The network"s second benefit is of sheer numbers. This should allow the construction of far more detailed maps of the up-and-down and side-to-side motions induced by earthquakes. These vary a lot from quake to quake, and that means the damage done by a quake of any given strength is also variable. A better understanding of how movement and damage relate might help both building design and town planning in earthquake zones.(7) Of course, for that to work, you have to know where each laptop was at the moment of the quake. Ideally, this information would come from a Global Positioning System device fitted within thelaptop, but few computers have them at the moment. In their absence, information automatically supplied about the site of the nearest router (a network device that computers use to connect to the wider internet) gives a rough location. This is imperfect, but pooling the data from lots of laptops means that location errors can be detected statistically and erroneous data discarded.(8) If that can be done quickly enough, the QCN could bring a third—and most valuable—benefit: warning. The speed of internet communication, coupled with a scheme for uploading data from each computer at brief intervals, means that Dr Lawrence"s network could issue an earthquake warning within seconds. That is faster than traditional seismometer networks, which update less regularly, and, above all, is much faster than seismic waves travel. Warnings could thus be broadcast to places the earthquake waves had not yet reached, giving people vital time to find a place of refuge.(9) At the moment, the QCN has about 1,500 participating computers. But, as happened with SETI @ home, the researchers expect numbers to grow once knowledge of the project spreads:, for those who want to join in the fun.PASSAGE TWO(1) Damn you, tall people. They block your view at the movie theater. They"re a pain to shop for: Who really wants to drag themselves to the Big & Tall to buy Uncle Lurch a pair of extra-long pants? They"re the ones with better chances of becoming pro basketball players, or supermodels.(2) Squirts probably don"t need any more reasons to envy their longer-limbed neighbors. Unfortunately, a new study just added to the indignity of short people. According to a paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research, both men and women who are above average height—5 ft.10 in. for males, 5 ft. 4 in. for females—report higher levels of happiness than smaller people.(3) In the study, men who call their lives the "worst possible" are nearly an inch shorter than the average man. The women most down in the dumps are half an inch smaller, on average, than the average woman. Taller people say they are more content, and are less likely to report a range of negative emotions like sadness and physical pain. "Happiness is just one more thing that taller people have going for them," says Angus Deaton, a Princeton economist and co-author of the study, who stands a smug 6 ft. 4 in. (Full disclosure: I, too, am about 6 ft. 4 in., but I will refrain from mocking shrimps in this story.)(4) Why are tall people happier? According to Deaton"s analysis, the result is linked to education and income. The study found that taller people tend to have more education, and thus higher income levels, than shorter people. It follows that the smarter, richer tall people would be sunnier than their vertically challenged compatriots. "Money buys enjoyment and higher life evaluation," says Deaton. "It buys off stress, anger, worry and pain. Income is the thing!"(5) To gain some real-world insight into these stats, I called the first smart short person I could think of, a friend named Milton Lee. Despite what these studies indicate, smart short people do exist. Milt, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, made a killing as a Wall Street trader in the 1990s, but quit finance to chase his dream of becoming a basketball coach. He has trained many NBA players, including this year"s top draft pick, Oklahoma"s Blake Griffin, and even landed an assistant coaching gig for the Los Angeles Clippers" summer-league team. (6) Despite giving up an healthy Wall Street income, Lee, who claims he"s 5 ft. 9 in. but admits to being 5 ft. 8 in. when pressed, considers himself content. "I"m not totally buying it," he says of the study. "I"m below average height, and have above-average happiness." In his basketball work, Lee spends a lot of time around well-compensated human trees, and doesn"t always see smiling faces. "There are plenty of NBA players who are absolutely miserable," Lee says. "They want more playing time, they feel underappreciated. Only a dozen or so guys feel that they are truly loved."(7) In his Wall Street days, Lee saw plenty of rich, happy short people and wealthy, depressed tall people. He does offer one reason why taller men might be happier. "Whenever I"m out with tall guys, they tend to get more attention from women," says Lee. "You never hear girls say, "Hey, I"m really into short guys.""(8) Lee directed me to one of the players he coaches, Coleman Collins, for the smart, tall guy"s perspective. When I told him Lee questioned the findings, Collins, who is 6 ft. 9 in., wasn"t surprised. "Short people are always ready to disagree," says Collins, who graduated from Virginia Tech when he was 19, after just three years, and played for the school"s basketball team. He points out that he has many short friends. "Generally speaking, I"ve found that they are more likely to have a chip on their shoulder, more likely to have something to prove," Collins says. (9) Collins, now 23, supports the study"s results. "I"m generally in a good mood," he says. "And based on the anecdotal evidence I"ve seen, tall people have a more pleasant disposition and are more easygoing. They don"t have to make an extra effort to command attention. When they walk into a room, it tends to come naturally to them." Such recognition surely helps your self-esteem. If only it wasn"t too late for you short people to have a growth spurt.PASSAGE THREE(1) MONDAY"S Supreme Court decision to block a class-action sex-discrimination lawsuit against Wal-Mart was a huge setback for as many as 1.6 million current and former female employees of the world"s largest retailer. But the decision has consequences that range far beyond sex discrimination or the viability of class-action suits.(2) The underlying issue, which the Supreme Court has now ratified, is Wal-Mart"s authoritarian style, by which executives pressure store-level management to squeeze more and more from millions of clerks, stockers and lower-tier managers.(3) Indeed, the sex discrimination at Wal-Mart that drove the recent suit is the product not merely of managerial bias and prejudice, but also of a corporate culture and business model that sustains it, rooted in the company"s very beginnings.(4) In the 1950s and "60s, northwest Arkansas, where Wal-Mart got its start, was poor, white and rural, in the midst of a wave of agricultural mechanization that generated a huge surplus of unskilled workers. To these men and women, the burgeoning chain of discount stores founded by Sam Walton was a godsend. The men might find dignity managing a store instead of a hardscrabble farm, while their wives and daughters could earn pin money clerking for Mr. Sam, as he was known. "The enthusiasm of Wal-Mart associates toward their jobs is one of the company"s greatest assets," declared the firm"s 1973 annual report.(5) A patriarchal ethos was written into the Wal-Mart DNA. "Welcome Assistant Managers and Wives" read a banner at a 1975 meeting for executive trainees. And that corporate culture—"the single most important element in the continued, remarkable success of Wal-Mart," asserted Don Soderquist, the company"s chief operating officer in the 1990s—was sustained not only by the hyper centralized managerial control that flowed from the Bentonville, Ark., home office but by the evangelical Protestantism that Mr. Soderquist and other executives encouraged.(6) Wal-Mart attorneys have argued, and the Supreme Court agreed this week, that even if sex discrimination was once part of the company"s culture, it is now ancient history: if any store managers are guilty of bias when it comes to promoting women, they are at odds with corporate policy. Wal-Mart is no longer an Ozark company; it is a cosmopolitan, multinational operation.(7) But that avoids the more essential point, namely that Wal-Mart views low labor costs and a high degree of workplace flexibility as a signal competitive advantage. It is a militantly anti-union company that has been forced to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to current and former employees for violations of state wage and hour laws.(8) In other words, the patriarchy of old has been reconfigured into a more systematically authoritarian structure, one that deploys a communitarian ethos to sustain a high degree of corporate loyalty even as wages and working conditions are put under continual downward pressure—especially in recent years, as Wal-Mart"s same-store sales have declined. Workers of both sexes pay the price, but women, who constitute more than 70 percent of hourly employees, pay more.(9) There are tens of thousands of experienced Wal-Mart women who would like to be promoted to the first managerial rung, salaried assistant store manager. But Wal-Mart makes it impossible for many of them to take that post, because its ruthless management style structures the job itself as one that most women, and especially those with young children or a relative to care for, would find difficult to accept.(10) Why? Because, for all the change that has swept over the company, at the store level there is still a fair amount of the old communal sociability. Recognizing that workers steeped in that culture make poor candidates for assistant managers, who are the front lines in enforcing labor discipline, Wal-Mart insists that almost all workers promoted to the managerial ranks move toa new store, often hundreds of miles away.(11) For young men in a hurry, that"s an inconvenience; for middle-aged women caring for families, this corporate reassignment policy amounts to sex discrimination. True, Wal-Mart is hardly alone in demanding that rising managers sacrifice family life, but few companies make relocation sucha fixed policy, and few have employment rolls even a third the size.(12) The obstacles to women"s advancement do not stop there. The workweek for salaried managers is around 50 hours or more, which can surge to 80 or 90 hours a week during holiday seasons. Not unexpectedly, some managers think women with family responsibilities would balk at such demands, and it is hardly to the discredit of thousands of Wal-Mart women that they may be right. (13) There used to be a remedy for this sort of managerial authoritarianism: it was called a union, which bargained over not only wages and pensions but also the kind of qualitative issues, including promotion and transfer policies, that have proved so vexing for non-unionized employees at Wal-Mart and other big retailers.(14) For a time it seemed as if the class-action lawsuit might be a partial substitute. By drastically limiting how a class-action suit can be brought, the Supreme Court leaves millions of service-sector workers with few avenues to escape the grinding work life and limited opportunities that so many now face.PASSAGE FOUR(1) "HELL is a city much like London," opined Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modem academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers have a 21% higher risk of developing anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of developing mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained obscure—until now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functionalmagnetic-resonance imaging (FMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and country bumpkins when they are under stress.(2) In Dr Meyer-Lindenberg"s first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were doomed to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25%-40%). To make the experience still more humiliating, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.(3) The urbanites" general mental health did not differ from that of their provincial counterparts. However, their brains dealt with the stress imposed by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC). The amygdalas are a pair of structures, one in each cerebral hemisphere, that are found deep inside the brain and are responsible for assessing threats and generating the emotion of fear. The PACC is part of the cerebral cortex (again, found in both hemispheres) that regulates the amygdalas.(4) People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. Not that surprising, to thoseof a Shelleyesque disposition. In the case of the PACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a person"s childhood, the more active his PACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.(5) The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the here-and-now whereas the PACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be correlated with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. FMRI allows such correlations to be measured.(6) In the cases of those brought up in the countryside, regardless of where they now live, the correlations were as expected. For those brought up in cities, however, these correlations broke down. The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite, in other words, seems to be out of kilter. Further evidence, then, for Shelley"s point of view. Moreover, it is also known that the PACC-amygdala link is often out of kilter in schizophrenia, and that schizophrenia is more common among city dwellers than country folk. Dr Meyer-Lindenberg is careful not to claim that his results show the cause of this connection. But they might.(7) Dr Meyer-Lindenberg and his team conducted several subsequent experiments to check their findings. They asked participants to complete more maths tests—and also tests in which they mentally rotated an object—while investigators chided them about their performance. The results matched those of the first test. They also studied another group of volunteers, who were given stress-free tasks to complete. These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the PACC, suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental exertion.(8) As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small (and therefore not as robust as might be desirable) and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship. That association is, nevertheless, interesting. Living in cities brings many benefits, but Dr Meyer-Lindenberg"s work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.（分数：29.92）(1).Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of QCN compared with traditional seismometers? (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.36）A.Its chips can measure the maximum amount of ground shaking.B.It can capture detailed information about how movement and damage relate in earthquakes.C.It can be used as earthquake warning for people in dangerous zones.D.It can collect signals from all around the world. √解析：[解析] 该题为事实细节题。

专业八级模拟试题
一、听力理解（共30分）
1. 短对话理解（每题1分，共10题）
请听下列对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。

（对话内容略）
2. 长对话理解（每题2分，共10题）
请听下列长对话，根据对话内容回答下列问题。

（对话内容略）
3. 新闻报道理解（每题2分，共5题）
请听下列新闻报道，根据报道内容回答下列问题。

（新闻报道内容略）
二、阅读理解（共40分）
1. 快速阅读（每题2分，共10题）
阅读下列短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。

（短文内容略）
2. 深度阅读（每题2分，共15题）
阅读下列短文，回答下列问题。

（短文内容略）
3. 词汇与语法（每题1分，共15题）
阅读下列句子，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。

（句子内容略）
三、写作（共30分）
1. 应用文写作（15分）
请根据以下情境写一封书信。

（情境描述略）
2. 议论文写作（15分）
请根据以下话题写一篇议论文。

（话题描述略）
四、翻译（共50分）
1. 英译汉（每题10分，共20分）
请将下列英文句子翻译成中文。

（英文句子略）
2. 汉译英（每题10分，共30分）
请将下列中文句子翻译成英文。

（中文句子略）
请注意：本试题为模拟试题，旨在帮助考生熟悉专业八级考试的题型和难度。

考试时请遵守考场规则，诚信应考。

专业英语八级模拟试卷450(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：How to Develop an Outline Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our discussion on how to write a research paper. The focus of our lecture this time centers on how to develop an outline of a research paper. Using an outline can help you organize your material and can also help you discover connections between pieces of information that you weren’t aware of when you first conceived the plan of your paper. It can also make you aware of material that is not really relevant to the purposes of your paper or material that you have covered before and should therefore be removed. First, before we start writing a research paper, we must make sure what kind of materials should be included, and hence developing a preliminary outline is a must. A preliminary outline might be only an informal list of topics and subtopics which you are thinking of covering in your paper. Sometimes, however, an instructor might require that a preliminary outline be submitted at the beginning of your work; then your instructor might suggest ways in which the work needs to be further developed or cut back. Your instructor might also see that you’re trying to accomplish too much or too little for the scope of the assignment he or she has in mind. Then, how to pin down a preliminary outline? To develop a preliminary outline, we need to follow two fairly simple steps: first, write down ideas or code words in a rough list and second, give order to the list by arranging items into major and minor ideas. How you finally organize your thesis is a matte of your work habits and the nature of the subject. After finishing the preliminary outline, you need to revise it during the process of research. You need to bear in mind that the preliminary outline can be revised as you discover new material and get new ideas that ought to go into your paper. Writing a research paper is recursive, which means that you will look back over your paragraphs, adjust your thinking, and move forward again. The outline expands or shrinks throughout the gathering of data and the writing of drafts. With that in mind, ask yourself the following questions to evaluate your overall plan: first, what is the role of my research? Am I reviewing, discovering, interpreting or theorizing? Second question, what is my thesis? Will my notes andrecords defend and illustrate my proposition? Is it convincing evidence? Third questions, how specialized is my audience? Do I need to write in a non-technical language or may I assure that the audience is knowledgeable in this field and expects in-depth discussion of substantive issues? Your answers will determine, in part, the type of materials needed. Plus, most word processing programs have outlining features with automatic formatting that make it easy to create and revise outlines. It is a good idea to keep copies of old outlines in a computer folder in case new versions of the outline lead you in false directions that you will later have to abandon. Keeping track of your outlines can avoid going astray. A final outline should enhance the organization and coherence of your research paper. Instructors sometimes require that a final outline be submitted along with the final version of your paper. Material that is not relevant to the purpose of your paper as revealed in your outline should be eliminated from the paper; if portions of your outline seem weak in comparison to others, more research may be required to create a sense of balance in your argument and presentation. Outlines can be organized according to your purposes. Are you attempting to show the chronology of some historical development, the cause-and-effect relationship between one phenomenon and another, the process by which something is accomplished, or the logic of some position? Are you defining or analyzing something, comparing or contrasting one thing to another .or presenting an argument with one side or both? In any case, try to bring related material together under general headings and arrange sections so they relate logically to each other. An effective introduction will map out the journey your reader is about to take, and a satisfactory conclusion will wrap up the sequence of ideas in a nice package. Finally, you need to choose an appropriate final outline form. Outlines appear in topic, sentence or paragraph form. Avoid mixing the forms within a given outline. With the topic outline, every heading is a noun phrase or its equivalent, a gerund phrase, or an infinitive phrase. This form is the most popular and establishes precisely the main areas of investigation. Its weakness is brevity because the incomplete headings can hide any organizational problems. A sentence outline includes full sentences that you would transcribe into the draft. Some outline entries can serve as topic sentences for paragraphs, thereby speeding the writing process. In addition, the subject/verb pattern establishes the logical direction of your thinking. A paragraph outline is written with every section as a paragraph or as full paragraphs under noun headings. The dangers of the paragraph outline are twofold: you may try to write the paper when developing only an outline or you may carry weak underdeveloped outline paragraphs directly into the rough draft. Now, to sum up in today’s lecture, we have reviewed the process of writing an outline of a research paper. First, we need to prepare a preliminary outline that includes topics and subtopics to be covered in the paper; second, the preliminary outline should be revised during the process of writing so that our thinking could be adjusted now and then; the revision of the outline arrives in the finalized version that enhances the organization and coherence of the research paper. OK, this brings us to the end of today’s lecture. Thank you for your attention.How to Develop an Outline I . A preliminary outlineA. Definition: a/an (1)______list of topics and subtopics (1)______covered in the research paper.B. Twosteps to develop a preliminary outline:1. write down ideas or (2)______in a rough list) (2)______2. arrange items into major and minor ideas.II. Revision of the preliminary outlineA. Revise the outline when discovering new material and having new ideas for the paper.—Reason: writing a research paper is (3)______; one (3)______looks back over paragraphs to adjust thinking. —Result: the outline expands or shrinks throughout the gathering of data and the writing of drafts.B. Answer the questions to help evaluate the outline:1. What is the (4) ______of my research? (4)______2. What is my thesis?3. How specialized is my audience?C. Use (5) ______programs with outlining features as (5)______automatic formatting.D. Keep copies of old outlines to avoid (6) ______. (6)______1. A final outlineA. (7) ______: to enhance organization and coherence (7)______B. Content; eliminate irrelevant materials: (8)______portions of the outline(8)______C. Organization: in line with purposes—organization types: chronology, cause and effect, process,definition, (9)______, argumentation (9)______—bring related materials together logically—add an effective introduction and a satisfactory conclusionD. Forms of a final outline—a topic outline; using noun, gerund and (10) ______phrases (10)______—a sentence outline: using full sentences —a paragraph outline: using paragraphs1．正确答案：informal解析：细节题。

专业英语八级模拟试卷425(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Whose Input Hypothesis is one of the most famous theories among different models of language acquisition?A．Austin’s.B．Krashen’s.C．Chomsky’s.D．Halliday’s.正确答案：B解析：Krashen的Input Hypothesis是语言习得中非常著名的理论之一。

知识模块：第二语言习得2．The study of the relationship between brain and language is calledA．maerolinguistics.B．mierolinguistics.C．ncurolinguistics.D．soeiolinguistics.正确答案：C解析：研究人脑与语言之间关系的是神经语言学。

知识模块：语言与大脑3．The brain stem maintains the essential functions EXCEPTA．respiration.B．muscle coordination.C．memory.D．heart rate.正确答案：C解析：脑干的主要功能是调节心律、呼吸和协调肌肉，不包括记忆。

知识模块：语言与大脑4．Which of the following statements is NOT true?A．The information from the left side of the body is received only by the left side of the brain and vice versa.B．The information from the left side of the body is received only by the right side of the brain and vice versa.C．The brain is divided into two sections; the lower section called the brain stemand higher section called cerebrum.D．The cortex is separated by the longitudinal fissure into two parts; the left and right cerebral hemispheres.正确答案：A解析：人的左边身体所接收的信息是传到右脑的，同理，右边的信息由左脑来处理。

英语专业八级模拟试题一在线练习-1SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH:Translation the following underlined part of the text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。

我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。

但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。

因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余五位均是亚裔学生。

他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作七天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。

”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。

1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。

英语专业八级模拟试题一在线练习-2【专业英语】In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then writeyour answers on the space given. TEXT AA magazines design is more than decoration, more than simple packaging. It expresses the magazines very character. The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions --literary and journalistic -- can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue --the work of our art director, Judy Garlan --represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment. Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design:"I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching the elegance and power of the writing which the magazine is known for. The overall design has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects -- urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces, lifestyle-oriented pieces, short stories, poetry. We dont want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and we dont want heavier pieces to seem too pretty.We also use a broad range of art and photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel, needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic world. The primary typefaces Garlan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni, for a more stylish and flexible display type (article titles, large initials, and so on). Other aspects of the new design are structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one another, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The Travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As noted in this space last month, the word "Monthly" rejoins "The Atlantic" on the cove英语专业八级模拟试题一在线练习-4【专业英语】TEXT C Medical consumerism -- like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly -- is designed to be unsatisfying. The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy. Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean.What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meagre increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources -- not least medical ones, like illegal steroids -- are now invested to shave records by milliseconds And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism -- the "abolition" of death --would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen -- a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories -- but simply to face the growing reality of medical power notexactly without responsibility but with dissolving goals. Hence medicines finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas.For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple: to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meagre success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicines triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow un-limited, they become unfulfillable. The task fa英语专业八级模拟试题一在线练习-5TEXT FFirst read the question. 27. The message of the passage is that shares can now be sold ______ A. through the computer. B. in the shop. C. at the bank. D. through the mail. Now, go through the text quickly and answer the question. Investors seeking a cheap, no-frills way to sell privatisation shares need look no further than the post box.Most stockbrokers offer bargain-basement deals on postal trades. Theyare ideal for selling a small holding for the lowest possible commission. But the arrangements leave investors at the mercy of the Royal Mail and a seller will not know in advance how much a sale will produce. Data processing engineer Mark Stanistreet of Bradford sold by post after buying a few National Power and PowerGen shares when they were privatised. He says: "I didnt really know where to go to for help.An information slip with the shares gave details of Yorkshire Building Societys share shop service, which offered to sell for a flat fee of ?. "It was an ideal first step that showed me how easy and cheap it is to sell shares. I have been investing in a small way since then. "I use Yorkshires telephone service, which has a ? minimum fee." Many stock brokers offer postal deals as part of their usual dealing services, but clients may normally sell only big company or privatisation shares this way. ShareLinks minimum postal commission is 7.50, Skipton Building Societys is 9 and Nat Wests is 9.95.27. The message of the passage is that shares can now be sold ______A) through the computer.B) in the shop.C) at the bank.D) through the mail.。

专业英语八级模拟试卷428(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which of the following works is NOT written by D. H. Lawrence?A．Women in Love.B．Sons and Lovers.C．The Rainbow.D．The French Lieutenant’s Woman.正确答案：D解析：大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯，英国诗人、小说家、散文家，著有《查泰莱夫人的情人》(Lady Chatterley’s Lover)、《虹》(The Rainbow)、《儿子与情人》(Sons andLovers)和《恋爱中的女人》(Women in Love)等。

《法国中尉的女人》(TheFrench Lieutenant’s Woman)是约翰·福尔斯(John Fowles)的著作。

知识模块：人文知识2．______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A．Free verseB．SonnetC．OdeD．Epigram正确答案：B解析：Sonnet是十四行诗。

Free verse是自由体诗歌；Ode是颂歌；Epigram 是讽刺性短诗。

知识模块：人文知识3．Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair?A．Cat/bat.B．Put/but.C．Jig/pig.D．Sit/bit.正确答案：B解析：最小对立体(a minimal pair)是指两个意思不同的单词，除了出现在同一位置上的一个音外，其余的音都相同。