北京市海淀区教师进修学校附属实验中学12-13学年高一下期中考试

⾼⼀《功》习题练习《功》习题巩固1．关于功的判断，下列说法正确的是()A．功的⼤⼩只由⼒和位移决定B．⼒和位移都是⽮量，所以功也是⽮量C．因为功有正功和负功，所以功是⽮量D．因为功只有⼤⼩⽽没有⽅向，所以功是标量2．(北京海淀区教师进修学校附中12～13学年⾼⼀下学期期中)⼀⼈乘电梯从1楼到20楼，在此过程中经历了先加速，后匀速，再减速的运动过程，则电梯⽀持⼒对⼈做功情况是() A．加速时做正功，匀速时不做功，减速时做负功B．加速时做正功，匀速和减速时做负功C．加速和匀速时做正功，减速时做负功D．始终做正功3．(福建六校⾼⼀检测)如图所⽰，⼀⼩孩和⼀⼤⼈都以⽔平的⼒匀速推动相同的⽊箱在相同的路⾯⾛同样的位移(推箱的速度⼤⼩如图中所注)，⽐较此过程中两⼈分别对⽊箱做功的多少()A．⼤⼈做的功多B．⼩孩做的功多C．⼤⼈和⼩孩做的功⼀样多D．条件不⾜，⽆法判断4．(福州⼋县市⼀中12～13学年⾼⼀下学期联考)物体受到两个互相垂直的作⽤⼒⽽运动，已知⼒F1做功3J，物体克服⼒F2做功4J，则⼒F1、F2的合⼒对物体做功() A．7J B．5JC．1J D．－1J5．(江门⾼⼀检测)如图所⽰，⽤同样的⼒F拉同⼀物体，在甲(光滑⽔平⾯)、⼄(粗糙⽔平⾯)、丙(光滑斜⾯)、丁(粗糙斜⾯)上通过同样的距离，则拉⼒F的做功情况是()A．甲中做功最少B．丁中做功最多C．做功⼀样多 D．⽆法⽐较6．(西南⼤学附中12～13学年⾼⼀下学期期末)以⼀定的初速度竖直向上抛出质量为m的⼩球，它上升的最⼤⾼度为h，空⽓阻⼒的⼤⼩恒为f。

则从抛出点⾄回到原出发点的过程中，各⼒做功的情况不正确的是()A．重⼒做的功为2mghB．空⽓阻⼒做的功为－2fhC．空⽓阻⼒做的功为2fhD．物体克服重⼒做的功为－mgh7．如图所⽰，建筑⼯⼈通过滑轮装置将⼀质量是100kg的料车沿30°⾓的斜⾯由底端匀速地拉到顶端，斜⾯长是4m，若不计滑轮的质量和各处的摩擦⼒，g取10N/kg，求这⼀过程中：(1)⼈拉绳⼦的⼒做的功；(2)物体的重⼒做的功；(3)物体受到的各⼒对物体做的总功。

2012—2013学年度第二学期期中练习高二政治（文科）出题人：龚红桥 审核人：周伟明 考生须 知 1、本试卷共、本试卷共 页，包括页，包括 二 个大题53小题，满分为100 分。

考试时间分。

考试时间 90 分钟。

分钟。

2、答题前，考生应认真在密封线外填写班级、姓名和学号、答题前，考生应认真在密封线外填写班级、姓名和学号 3、选择题答案涂在机读卡上；非选择题答案写在答题纸上，写在框外不得分。

、选择题答案涂在机读卡上；非选择题答案写在答题纸上，写在框外不得分。

第Ⅰ卷 （选择题共48分）分）一、单项选择题（只有一个是最佳选项，每小题一、单项选择题（只有一个是最佳选项，每小题 1分，共分，共 48 分）分）1. 1. 跨越跨越50年的时空，雷锋精神历久弥新。

长期以来，某校坚持开展“弘扬雷锋精神、做全面发展一代新人”的主题教育活动。

实践证明，这一活动有助于培育学生的道德素养，使之成为传统美德的传承者、社会公德的实践者和良好社会风尚的创造者。

这说明文化社会公德的实践者和良好社会风尚的创造者。

这说明文化①对人的影响来自特定的文化环境①对人的影响来自特定的文化环境①对人的影响来自特定的文化环境 ②具有传承性和相对独立性②具有传承性和相对独立性②具有传承性和相对独立性③对人的影响具有潜移默化的特点③对人的影响具有潜移默化的特点③对人的影响具有潜移默化的特点 ④能促进人与社会全面发展④能促进人与社会全面发展④能促进人与社会全面发展A. A. ①③①③①③B. B. B.①④①④①④C. C. C. ②③②③②③D. D. D. ②④②④②④2. 2012年是中国农历龙年。

舞龙灯、祭龙王、赛龙舟等与龙相关的民俗活动早已成为烙在华夏儿女身上 的中国印、系在炎黄子孙心中的中国结。

这表明的中国印、系在炎黄子孙心中的中国结。

这表明的中国印、系在炎黄子孙心中的中国结。

这表明A. A. 传统习俗具有时代性、在创新中发展传统习俗具有时代性、在创新中发展传统习俗具有时代性、在创新中发展B. B. B. 传统文化具有民族性、相对的稳定性传统文化具有民族性、相对的稳定性传统文化具有民族性、相对的稳定性C. C. 中华文化既博大精深，且又源远流长中华文化既博大精深，且又源远流长中华文化既博大精深，且又源远流长D. D. D. 中华文化既兼收并蓄，而且求同存异中华文化既兼收并蓄，而且求同存异中华文化既兼收并蓄，而且求同存异3．形式多样的文化生活丰富了人们的精神世界，同时，文化市场也出现了一些“庸俗、低俗、媚俗”的现象。

2012—2013学年度第二学期期中练习高一数学第Ⅰ卷 (选择题，共60分)一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分.1．点)1,(a 在直线042=+-y x 的右下方,则a 的取值范围是( )..A ),2(+∞- .B )2,(--∞ .C ),1(+∞ .D )1,(-∞2. 设y x ,满足}1|),{(-≥-y x y x ，则y x z +=( )..A 有最小值2,最大值3 .B 有最小值2,无最大值 .C 有最大值3,无最小值 .D 既无最大值,也无最小值3.若函数()2sin()f x wx ϕ=+对任意x 都有()()66f x f x ππ+=-，则()6f π等于（ ）A ．2或0B ．－2或0C ．0D ．－2或24.设f (x )＝a sin(πx ＋α)＋b cos(πx ＋β)＋4，其中a 、b 、α、β均为非零实数，若f (1988)＝3，则f (2013)的值为( )A.1B.5C.3D.不确定5.若θ是三角形的一个内角，且函数y ＝cos θ·x 2－4sin θ·x ＋6对于任意实数x 均取正值，那么cos θ所在区间是( )A.(21，1)B.(0，21)C.(－2，21) D.(－1，21) 6. 已知(1,2)a =r ,(2,3)b x =-r且a r ⊥b r ,则x = （ ）A.3B.34-C.0D.34第5题 7. 函数1cos 2-=x y 的定义域是 （ ） A ．2,2()33k k k Z ππππ-+∈⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦ B ．2,2()66k k k Z ππππ-+∈⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C ．22,2()33k k k Z ππππ++∈⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D ．222,2()33k k k Z ππππ-+∈⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦8.函数)(x f y =的部分图像如图所示，则)(x f y =的解析式为 （ ）A. 1)52sin(2+-=πx yB. 1)52sin(--=πx y C. 1)542sin(2-+=πx y D. 1)542sin(++=πx y 9. 已知平面上不重合的四点P ，A ，B ，C 满足0PA PB PC ++=u u u r u u u r u u u r， 且AB AC mAP +=u u u r u u u r u u u r，那么实数m 的值为 （ ）A.2B.3C.4D.510. 已知P 是边长为2的正ABC ∆的边BC 上的动点，则()AP AB AC ⋅+u u u r u u u r u u u r（ ）A.最大值为8B.是定值6C.最小值为2D.是定值211.按照程序框图(如右图)执行，第3个输出的数是( ).A ．3B ．4C ．5D ．612.角α的终边过点P(－1,2)，则sinα＝( ) A.55 B.255 C ．－55 D ．－255第Ⅱ卷二、填空题：（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

2012—2013学年度第二学期期中练习高一生物出题人： 审核人：第1卷一．选择题（共60分）1.下图是探究酵母菌细胞呼吸方式的实验装置。

以下说法中正确的是（ ）A 、装置甲中NaOH 的作用是吸收Ⅰ处的CO2B 、装置乙在Ⅲ处可检测到有酒精生成C 、装置乙中应让Ⅱ先放置一会再与Ⅲ连接D 、两个装置均需要在黑暗条件下进行 2．下列有关HIV 病毒说法正确的是（ ）A 、培养HIV 病毒需要活细胞B 、HIV 病毒没有细胞核，属于原核生物C 、病毒是最基本的生命系统D 、该病毒由DNA 携带遗传信息 3.下列关于有机化合物的生理作用的概括，正确的是（ ）A 、细菌细胞壁的主要成分与植物细胞壁的成分一样，都含有纤维素B 、脂肪是细胞内主要的能源物质C 、糖原是所有生物体储备的能源物质D 、核糖和脱氧核糖是核酸的组成成分4.某蛋白质由3条多肽链、N 个氨基酸组成，下列关于该蛋白质说法正确的是（ ） A 、形成该蛋白质时产生了N 个水分子 B 、该蛋白质中至少含有N 个肽键C 、该蛋白质中至少含有3个游离的羧基D 、合成该蛋白质至少需要20种氨基酸5.图1是八月份某一晴天一昼夜中棉花植株的CO2吸收和释放曲线；图2是棉花叶肉细胞中两种细胞器的四种生理活动状态。

请指出图1中表示时间的字母与图2中（1）（2）（3）（4）所发生的生理活动相对应的选项是（）A、defgB、dcbaC、egahD、fcbd6.以下几类细胞分裂时观察不到纺锤丝(或星射线)的是( )①细菌细胞②骨髓造血干细胞③蛙红细胞④生发层细胞⑤肝癌细胞A、①③B、①②③⑤C、②③⑤D、①②③④⑤7．细胞分裂是生物体重要的一项生命活动，是生物体生长、发育、繁殖和遗传的基础。

假设某高等雄性动物肝脏里的一个细胞分裂如图①，结合图②分析下列叙述不正确的是（）A、图①对应图②中的BC段B、图②中A→B形成的原因是由于DNA复制C、图①时期核糖体活动旺盛D、图②中C→D形成的原因与着丝点的分裂有关8.下列叙述不正确的是（）A、细胞全能性的实现与分化无关B、细胞总体的衰老导致个体的衰老，但细胞衰老不等同于有机体的衰老C、被病原体感染的细胞的清除是通过细胞凋亡完成的D、癌细胞容易在体内转移，与其细胞膜上糖蛋白等物质减少有关9.只有在保持细胞活性的条件下，才能显示细胞中某物质或结构的实验是（）A、苏丹Ⅲ染色观察花生种子子叶细胞中的脂肪B、健那绿染色观察动物细胞中的线粒体C、甲基绿、吡罗红染色观察动物细胞中的DNA和RNAD、龙胆紫染色观察洋葱根尖分生区细胞的有丝分裂10.下列实验操作方法或结果中，正确的是( )A、西瓜汁中含有丰富的葡萄糖和果糖，可用作还原糖鉴定的替代材料B、提取叶绿体中色素的方法是利用色素在滤纸条上扩散速度不同C、用低倍镜可以观察到紫色洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞的质壁分离和复原过程D、斐林试剂和双缩脲试剂都是用NaOH和CuSO4配制的，使用方法也相同11．植物从土壤中吸收并运输到叶肉细胞的氮和磷，主要用于合成()①淀粉②葡萄糖③脂肪④磷脂⑤蛋白质⑥核酸A．①④⑥B．③④⑤C．④⑤⑥D．②④⑤12．血红蛋白分子中含有4条多肽链，共由574个氨基酸构成，则血红蛋白分子中含有的肽键和至少含有的游离氨基和羧基数分别是()A．574、574、574 B．570、570、570C．574、4、4 D．570、4、413．下列物质中，在核糖体上合成的是()①性激素②抗体③淀粉④唾液淀粉酶⑤纤维素⑥胰岛素A．①③④B．②③⑤C．②④⑥D．①④⑥14．衣藻不能像变形虫那样常常改变细胞形状，这主要是由于衣藻细胞存在着() A．叶绿体B液泡C．细胞膜D．细胞壁15．活细胞中，与酶的合成和分泌直接有关的是()A．核糖体与高尔基体B．中心体与高尔基体C．内质网与核糖体 D.高尔基体与液泡16．直接供给人体肌肉收缩所需能量的物质是()A．葡萄糖B．脂肪C．蛋白质D．三磷酸腺苷17．歌曲《老鼠爱大米》唱遍大江南北，大米中的淀粉在老鼠体内最终被分解成下列哪种成分才能被吸收？()A．麦芽糖B．葡萄糖C．氨基酸D．核苷酸18．下图为某学生进行某实验的基本操作步骤，下列相关叙述中错误的是()A．图中B步骤主要观察细胞质的大小以及细胞壁的位置B．图中E步骤滴加的是清水C．该实验的目的是观察植物细胞的质壁分离与复原D．本实验不需设立对照实验，在时间上形成了前后自身对照19．荠菜根的分生区细胞的能量转换场所是()A.叶绿体B.线粒体C．叶绿体D．叶绿体和线粒体20．在马铃薯上用打孔器打出两个圆柱体P和Q，P在蒸馏水中放l h，Q在与马铃薯细胞液等浓度的盐溶液中放l h。

2012—2013学年度第一学期期末练习高一政治1、货币出现以后，人们把货币看的很神秘，货币成为财富的一般代表，这是因为A货币是商品交换发展的产物B货币就是商品C货币由金属来制造D货币的本质是一般等价物2、随着油价上涨，许多工薪阶层放弃了购买汽车的打算，转而选择同样省力但费用偏低的电动车，这是因为电动车和汽车是A互为替代品B互补商品 C 生活必需品D高档耐用消费品3、时下兴起一种自费种植纪念树的时尚，种树人是新婚夫妇，或是结发夫妻，或是绿化志愿者，他们自掏腰包，买下树苗，在青山上种下一株株具有纪念意义的树。

这种自费种树的行为是A从众心理引发的消费B求异心理引发的消费C攀比心理引发的消费D健康文明的绿色消费4、近十年来，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入分别以7.1%和4.3%的平均速度递增，人们手头越来越宽裕，有更多的钱来享受社会提供的其他消费项目，导致这一变化的根本原因是A居民家庭收入水平的提高B消费资料的价格不断下降C居民消费观念的彻底转变D社会消费环境的持续宽松5、在社会经济生活中，有时也会出现通货紧缩，一般来说，在通货紧缩间采取的措施是A调整汇率B降低利息C减少国债发行D提高贷款利率6、一般来说，一个家庭收入越低，其视频支出在全部生活消费支出中所占的比重（），一个国家越穷，每个国民品均支出的比重（）A越小越大B越大越小C越小越小D越大越大7、小刘在书店看重了一套高一课外辅导书，定价56元，对书的定价反映的经济现象，下来表述正确的是①货币在执行流通手段职能②观念上的货币③货币在执行价值尺度职能④现实上的货币A①③B②③ C ①④ D ②④8、近年来我国CPI（居民消费价格指数）一直处于相对高位，在其他条件不变的情况下，CPI上涨会导致A消费者购买力下降B居民会更愿意将收入存入银行C居民恩格尔系数减小D居民消费层次与消费质量提高9、5年前，我国等离子电视机的价格在最初高达数万元，在表演了多次价格跳水之后，其身价一次次缩水，现在部分等离子电视已经率先跌破万元大关，等离子高端电视市场硝烟纷起表明这一市场已经A严重供过于求，所有生产者应尽快转产B逐渐成为买方市场，产品供过于求C逐渐成为买方市场，生产者已经无利润可言D处于消费者在交易中占优势，可随意定价的阶段10、海信集团十多年来投入技术研发资金15亿元，注重提高劳动生产率，自主研发出我国第一款高清晰、高画质数字视频媒体芯片，达到国际先进水平，率先打破国外垄断，这表明，商品生产者如果率先改进技术设备，提高劳动生产率，那么该企业①生产商品的社会必要劳动时间缩短②单位商品的价值量增加③单位时间内生产的商品数量增多④生产商品的个别劳动时间缩短A②③B②④C①③D③④11、在同一市场中，液晶电视的售价比普通电视的售价要高，这是因为A生产液晶电视耗费的社会必要劳动时间较长B生产液晶电视耗费的个别劳动时间更长C生产液晶电视的社会必要劳动生产率较高D生产液晶电视的个别劳动生产率较高12、近年来，住房、汽车、通信、旅游等成为社会消费热点，这些消费热点的形成有利于A改善市场环境B刺激经济增长C完善信用制度D实现绿色消费13、夏天人们穿衣少、换衣勤，用普通的5公斤洗衣机容量太大，既麻烦又浪费水电，不如手洗方便，所以每年6-8月是洗衣机销售淡季，针对这种情况，某企业开发上市了方便实用容量较小的1.5公升洗衣机，受到消费者欢迎，从而变洗衣机销售淡季为企业销售旺季，该企业产品结构调整的根据是（）的变化A市场规模B市场结构C市场需求 D 市场价格14、价格是市场的信号灯，这句话就是说，价格能够反映A生产商品的社会必要劳动时间B市场上商品供求关系的变化C商品生产的劳动生产率D市场上买卖双方讨论还价的能力15、当前，许多生产企业在自己产品的外包装上印有“建议零售价”，但各地市场实际零售价都与之有较大的差距，这是因为，建议零售价A是人为确定的，商品的价格由供求关系决定B高于价值，违背价值规律C不能反映企业的劳动生产率，不利于公平竞争D不能反映市场供求关系的变化16、改革开放以来，我国老百姓生活发生巨大变化的根本原因是A完善了我国的基本经济制度B国有经济掌握着国家经济命脉C经济快速发展D我国的分配制度日益完善17、我国老百姓生活的巨大变化，对中国经济的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，这体现的经济学道理是A生产水平决定消费水平B消费对生产具有反作用C消费结构决定生产结构D消费方式决定生产方式18、我国国有经济在石化、电力等领域的销售收入中占大多数，国有及国有控股企业在集成电路等关系国家综合经济实力的重要领域占大多数。

2020-2021学年北京市海淀区教师进修学校附属实验学校高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman, they write “The Freshman oftenfaces an identity problem during the first semester.” College is a more pressured environment than it used to be, in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased. Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex, drugs and alcohol. Most don’t know how to manage their time or money. They often feel lonely and overwhelmed, resulting in anxiety and depression.Nancy Corbin, director of clinical service for student-counseling (咨询) services at Iowa State University, says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having trouble making the adjustment to college life. She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that aren’t easily defined or fixed. And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them differently. For example, by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars. The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course. “Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,” they say. Many homesick freshmen think they’ll be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving. So parents can help by letting them know they’re welcome to return if they feel the need. In the meantime, parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids. One of the best ways is e-mail. It’s less unpleasant and less expensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.1. Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?A. Because they often fail in exams.B. Because they lack time and money.C. Because they are too homesick to make new friends.D. Because they have to settle personal issues on their own.2. In the last paragraph, it is suggested that ________.A. parents should stop buying anything for their kidsB. parents should develop a good relationship with their kidsC. parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kidsD. parents should work with high schools in college-life courses3. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Hard Life of College FreshmenB. Approaches to Trouble in CollegeC. Freshmen’s Adaptation ProblemsD. A Strange Phenomenon in CollegeB“They’re harming your brain.” “They’re ruining your eyes.” “They’re turning you into a violent person.” The words said publicly against video games are so common, but are these worries founded on actual science? Countless studies have offered different opinions on whether video games are bad for you. We’ve rounded up the most notable reports and studies below, so you can weigh up the evidence for yourself.In 2013,psychologist(心理学家) Simone Kuhn studied the influences of spending long hours on video games on the brains of young adults and found that several areas became bigger than before. These areas are connected with highercognitive functions(认知功能), memory formation andfinemotor(精细运动) function.Last year, psychologists said that video game players who favour violent games are more likely to be violent when offline. Dr. Mark Appelbaum of the American Psychological Association said that there was a relation between violent video game use and increases in violent behaviour.Dr. Daphne Bavelier is an expert in the field of Brain & Cognitive Sciences. Bavelier presented the audience with a colour-word test, where non-gamers are easily puzzled by the test, and those who spend long periods playing on their computers are more likely to pass the test with flying colours.“Actually, those video game players have many other advantages in terms of attention,” said Bavelier, “and one part of attention which is also improved for the better is our ability to follow the movements of objects.”“So, in a sense, when we think about the influence of video games on the brain, it’s very similar to the influence of wine on the health. There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some very poor uses of video games. But when drunk in reasonable amounts, and at the right age, wine can be very good for health,” said Bavelier.4. What can be learned from Simone Kuhn’s study？A. Video games make you happier.B. Video games make your brain grow.C. Video games play a key role in memory.D. Video games teach you how to learn fast.5. What was Dr. Mark Appelbaum’s attitude towards video games？A. He was against them.B. He was hopeful of them.C.He was in favour of them.D. He was uncertain about them.6. Which of the following may Dr. Daphne Bavelier agree with？A. Video games fix attention problems.B. Video games make kids do well in exams.C. Video games encourage violent behaviour.D. Video games help increase colour knowledge.7. Why are the uses of wine mentioned in the last paragraph？A. To remind people to avoid video games.B. To show the disadvantages of video games.C. To help people learn more about video games.D.To ask people to make good use of video games.CAs summer approaches, many kids and teenagers may find that they have more time in hand. One great way to make use of the extra time is to go on an adventure and travel. Clearly, I am not a naturally adventurous person, but I have found that takingthe risk and challenging myself to explore and travel to unfamiliar places can be a very rewarding experience.Because I am usually quite busy during the school year, most of my travels take place during the summer. Over the past few summers, I have hiked in the Grand Canyon, explored Niagara Falls, and camped out in upstate New York. Although these experiences are varied, they are similar in that they instill (灌输) a sense of appreciation for nature and a more balanced view on life. When I hiked in the Grand Canyon, for example, I was in awe(敬畏) of the geological influences that shaped the canyon.Adventures, of course, are not limited to hiking. There are many other choices, such as camping, volunteering in a foreign environment and travelling to different countries. In my opinion, adventures are more enjoyable with family or a few friends. There is a sense of bonding that one only gets through spending time together in outdoor adventures. For example, when I was in Boy Scouts, I often went on weekend camping trips with my friends. When I came back from a Boy Scouts camping trip, I often was eager to go outside more and explore the parks andnature around me.Next fall, I will attend college. In the meantime though, I hope to make the most of my summer to explore and travel. Now, I am planning on hiking and camping out in Maine.When I visited Maine last fall, I was amazed by how beautiful it was and the tall trees and coasts that exist, and I really hope to enjoy the beauty of nature there this summer.8. We can learn from the first paragraph about the author?A. He is an adventurous person by natureB. He likes challenging himself by travellingC. He enjoys travelling with other adventurersD He needs others’ help when going on an adventure9. Which of the following can make people’s adventure more enjoyable according to the author？A. Going to different countries.B. Going to unfamiliar places.C. Travelling withtheir family or friends.D. Travelling to distant places by themselves.10. What will the author do this summer？A. Explore Niagara Falls.B. Hike in the Grand Canyons.C. Camp out in upstate New York.D. Hike and camp out in Maine.11. Who is probably the author?A. A high school student.B. A college student.C. A friendly guide.D. A warm-hearted teacher.DIdentifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolor1 s is criticalto restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color1 manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages — from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers fromPortugalhas finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color1 that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began byporing overinstructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitledThe Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, noname was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town ofMonsarazin southPortugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues — including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color1 .Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began to determine the dye’s molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes — it was an entirely new class of color1 , one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “Thus, we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”12. The primary purpose of the study is to ________.A. restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB. determine the substance making up the foliumC. prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD. identify which class of color1 folium belongs to13. The underlined phrase “poring over”in the second paragraph means ________.A. discussing publiclyB. testing repeatedlyC. passing directlyD. reading carefully14. What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A. It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B. It was the only kind made from wild berries.C. It could be carried and used easily.D. It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.15. The article is mainly about _________.A. how the mystery ofa thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB. why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC. what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD. when and where the discovery of the dye was made第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2022-2023学年北京市海淀区教师进修学校附属实验学校高一12月月考语文试题阅读下面的材料，回答各题。

材料一①如果有一位西洋朋友写信给你说他将要“带了他的家庭”一起来看你，他很知道要和他一同来的是哪几个人。

在中国，这句话模糊得很，这个“家”字可以说最能伸缩自如了。

“家里的”可以指自己的太太一个人，“家门”可以指叔伯侄子一大批，“自家人”可以包罗任何要拉入自己的圈子，表示亲热的人物。

自家人的范围是因时因地可伸缩，大到数不清，真是天下可成一家。

②为什么我们对“家”这个最基本的社会单位的名词会这样不清不楚呢？在我看来却表示了我们的社会结构本身和西洋的格局是不相同的。

西洋的格局像是一捆一捆扎清楚的柴，我们的差序格局好像把一块石头丢在水面上所发生的一圈圈推出去的波纹。

每个人都是他社会影响所推出去的圈子的中心，被圈子的波纹所推及的就发生联系。

每个人在某一时间某一地点所动用的圈子是不一定相同的。

③我们社会中最重要的亲属关系就是这种丢石头形成同心圆波纹的性质。

亲属关系是根据生育和婚姻事实所发生的社会关系。

从生育和婚姻所结成的网络，可以一直推出去包括无穷的人，过去的、现在的和未来的人物。

我们俗语里有“一表三千里”，就是这个意思，其实三千里者也不过指其广袤的意思而已。

这个网络像个蜘蛛的网，有一个中心，就是自己。

我们每个人都有这么一个以亲属关系布出去的网，但是没有一个网所罩住的人是相同的。

④在我们乡土社会里，不但亲属关系如此，地缘关系也是如此。

每一家以自己的地位作中心，周围划出一个圈子，这个圈子是“街坊”。

有喜事要请酒，生了孩子要送红蛋，有丧事要出来助殓。

可是这不是一个固定的团体，而是一个范围。

范围的大小也要依着中心的势力厚薄而定。

有势力的人家的街坊可以遍及全村，穷苦人家的街坊只是比邻的两三家。

这和我们的亲属圈子一般的。

像贾家的大观园里，可以住着姑表林黛玉，姨表薛宝钗，后来更多了，什么宝琴、岫烟，凡是拉得上亲威的，都包容得下。

2023-2024学年北京市海淀区高一下学期期中英语检测试题注意事项：1、本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。

试题卷共五个大题，满分120分，考试时间150分钟。

2、试题卷上不要答题，请用0.5毫米黑色签字水笔直接把答案写在答题卡上。

答在试卷上的答案无效。

3、答题前，考生务必将本人姓名、准考证号提写在答题卡第一面指定位置上。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What will the woman do first?A. Buy a new computer.B. Surf the websites.C. Walk the dog.2. What is the weather like during the weekend?A. Cold.B. Warm.C. Hot.3. What are the speakers doing?A. Visiting a zoo.B. Making a film.C. Watching TV.4. What does the woman think the man should listen to?A. Study tapes.B. Music.C. News.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Where to eat.B. When to eat.C. Whom to eat with.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。