2003年考研英语—真题及答案

2003考研英语答案及解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.Now look at Part At your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3 Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 filmsPart BDirectionsFor Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can't talk with each other? _________ . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, youwill have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .A. Sleep in three distinct parts.B. have many five-minute naps.C. sleep in one long block.D. take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .A. its genesB. its habitC. its mental stateD. its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .A. take some refreshment.B. go to bed earlyC. have a long restD. give in to sleep.Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A. he Could bring unfinished work home.B. He might have time to pursue his interests.C. He might do some evening teaching.D. He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?A. to teach in high school .B. to write his own books.C. to be a medical doctor.D. to be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A. To follow his father.B. For an easy grade.C. To change his specialty.D. For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?A. Confidence.B. Preparation.C. Informativeness.D. Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention？A. Gather abundant data.B. Organize the idea logically.C. Develop a great opening.D. Select appropriate material.19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .A. uneasyB. uncertainC. frustratedD. depressed20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?A. Those interested in the power of persuasion.B. Those trying to improve their public image.C. Those planning to take up some public work.D. Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency21-25 DBCC?C26-30 BDCAD31-35 B?CBCC36-40 DBACASection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points) Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporationslike energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That 'sswheresStraitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net hasA. received support from fans like Donovan.B. remolded the intelligence services.C. restored many common pastimes.D. revived spying as a profession.42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text toA. introduce the topic of online spying.B. show how he fought for the U.S.C. give an episode of the information war.D. honor his unique services to the CIA.43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably meansA. causing the biggest trouble.B. exerting the greatest effort.C. achieving the greatest success.D. enjoying the widest popularity.44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 thatA. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.45.Straitford is most proud of itsA. official status.B. nonconformist image.C. efficient staff.D. military background.BACDBText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for thetriumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. Whe n assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words toA. call on scientists to take some actions.B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research isA. cruel but natural.B. inhuman and unacceptable.C. inevitable but vicious.D. pointless and wasteful.48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public'sA. discontent with animal research.B. ignorance about medical science.C. indifference to epidemics.D. anxiety about animal rights.49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists shouldA. communicate more with the public.B. employ hi-tech means in research.C. feel no shame for their cause.D. strive to develop new cures.50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper isA. a well-known humanist.B. a medical practitioner.C. an enthusiast in animal rights.D. a supporter of animal research.ABBADText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who lo ses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes.still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely becauseA. cost reduction is based on competition.B. services call for cross-trade coordination.C. outside competitors will continue to exist.D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?A. Indifferent.B. Supportive.C. Indignant.D. Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatA. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to thoseA. who work as coordinators.B. who function as judges.C. who supervise transactions.D. who determine the price.55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused byA. the continuing acquisition.B. the growing traffic.C. the cheering Wall Street.D. the shrinking market.CCDBAText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, evenunder ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infir m“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show thatA. medical resources are often wasted.B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C. some treatments are too aggressive.D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.58.The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one ofA. strong disapproval.B. reserved consent.C. slight contempt.D. enthusiastic support.59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical careA. more flexibly.B. more extravagantly.C .more cautiously.D. more reasonably.60.The text intends to express the idea thatA medicine will further prolong people's lives.B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.DABDCPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit w ithin Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points) Section I Listening Comprehension （20 points）Part A （5 points）1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concertsPart B (5 points)6.(the couple) themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C (10points)11.D12.A13.D14.B15.C16.B17.B18.C19.A20.DSection II Use of English （10 points）21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.A32.D 33.B34.D35.C36.D37.B38.A39.C40.ASection III Reading Comprehension （50 points）Part A （40 points）41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.A47.B48.B49.A50.D51.C52.D 53.C54.B55.A56.C57.A58.B59.D60.CPart B（10 points）61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

Unit 10 （2003）Part 4重点词汇：1.inevitable（不可避免的；必然的）←in+evitable，in-否定前缀，evitable=avoidable可避免的。

Change is inevitable. In a progressive country change is constant.变革不可避免，在进步的国家里变革是永恒的。

In war there is no substitute for victory.在战争中没有什么可以取代胜利。

Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable.那些使和平改革成为不可能的人，必会使暴力革命成为可能。

the inevitable of history 历史必由之路。

2.life expectancy 预期寿命。

3.depression（消沉；萧条）←de向下+press压+ion名词后缀，动词为depress（压抑；使沮丧）。

Noble deeds and hot baths are the best cures for depression.高尚的行为和热水澡是治疗抑郁的最佳方法。

4.cataract（大瀑布；白内障）5.surgical（外科的；外科医生的；手术的；手术；外科病房）←surg+ical；surgery（外科；外科学；手术；手术室）←surg+ery；surgeon（外科医生；军医）←surg+eon。

6.genetically （由遗传决定地）←gene基因+tical形容词后缀+ly副词后缀。

7.disintegrate（使分裂；使解体）←dis使分离+integrate，integrate（使成为一体）←integr 完整+ate动词后缀；integer（整数；完整的东西）；integrity（完整；诚实；正直）。

2003考研英语答案及解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English.You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them.There are three parts in this section,Part A,Part B,and Part C.Remember,while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet.At the end of the listening comprehension section,you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question1-5,you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art.While you listen,fill out the table with the information you have heard.Some of the information has been given to you in the table.Write only1word or number in each numbered box.You will hear the recording twice.You now have25seconds to read the table below.(5points)Boston Museum of Fine ArtsFounded(year)1870Opened to the public(year)Question1Moved to the current location(year)1909The west wing completed(year)Question2Number of departments9The most remarkable department Question3Exhibition Space(m2)Question4Approximate number of visitors/year800,000Programs providedQuestion5classeslecturesPart BDirections:For Questions6-10,you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems.While you listen,complete the sentences or answer the e not more than3words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice.You now have25seconds to read the sentences and questions below.(5points)What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple?________.Question6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them ________.Question7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other? ________.Question8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their________. Question9According to the old notion,what will make hearts grow fonder?________.Question10 Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material.Before listening to each one,you will have time to read the questions related to it.While listening,answer each question by choosing[A],[B],[C] or[D].After listening,you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only.(10points)Questions11-13are based on the following talk about napping,you now have15seconds to read questions11-13.11.Children under five have abundant energy partly because they________.[A]sleep in three distinct parts[B]have many five-minute naps[C]sleep in one long block[D]take one or two naps daily12.According to the speaker,the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by________.[A]its genes[B]its habit[C]its mental state[D]its physical condition13.The talk suggests that,if you feel sleepy through the day,you should________.[A]take some refreshment[B]go to bed early[C]have a long rest[D]give in to sleepQuestions14-16are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie,an American Indian poet.You now have15seconds to read Questions14-16.14.Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?[A]He could bring unfinished work home.[B]He might have time to pursue his interests.[C]He might do some evening teaching.[D]He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?[A]to teach in high school[B]to write his own books[C]to be a medical doctor[D]to be a mathematician16.Why did he take the poetry-writing class?[A]To follow his father.[B]For an easy grade.[C]To change his specialty.[D]For knowledge of poetry.Questions17-20are based on the following talk about public speaking.You now have20 seconds to read Questions17-20.17.What is the most important thing in public speaking?[A]Confidence.[B]Preparation.[C]Informativeness.[D]Organization.18.What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience’s attention?[A]Gather abundant data.[B]Organize the idea logically.[C]Develop a great opening.[D]Select appropriate materials.19.If you don’t start working for the presentation until the day before,you will feel________.[A]uneasy[B]uncertain[C]frustrated[D]depressed20.Who is this speech most probably meant for?[A]Those interested in the power of persuasion.[B]Those trying to improve their public images.[C]Those planning to take up some public work.[D]Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have5minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual,and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious大21家to how they can best 大22家such changes.Growing bodies need movement and大23家,but not just in waysthat emphasize competition.大24家they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self-conscious and needthe大25家that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are大26家by others.However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be大27家to plan activities in which there are more winners thanlosers,大28家,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,大29家student artwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs.A variety of small clubs can provide 大30家opportunities for leadership,as well as for practice in successful大31家dynamics.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,and many shy students need the 大32家of some kind of organization with a supportive adult大33家visible in the background.In these activities,it is important to remember that the young teens have大34家attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized大35家participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to大36家else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants大37家.This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.大38家,they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by大39家for roles that are within their大40家and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion[D]advice22.[A]strengthen[B]accommodate[C]stimulate[D]enhance23.[A]care[B]nutrition[C]exercise[D]leisure24.[A]If[B]Although[C]Whereas[D]Because25.[A]assistance[B]guidance[C]confidence26.[A]claimed[B]admired[C]ignored[D]surpassed27.[A]improper[B]risky[C]fair[D]wise28.[A]in effect[B]as a result[C]for example[D]in a sense29.[A]displaying[B]describing[C]creating[D]exchanging30.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple31.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel[D]corporation32.[A]consent[B]insurance[C]admission[D]security33.[A]particularly[B]barely[D]rarely34.[A]similar[B]long[C]different[D]short35.[A]if only[B]now that[C]so that[D]even if36.[A]everything[B]anything[C]nothing[D]something37.[A]off[B]down[C]out[D]alone38.[A]On the contrary[B]On the average[C]On the whole[D]On the other hand39.[A]making[B]standing[C]planning[D]taking40.[A]capabilities[B]responsibilities[C]proficiency[D]efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(40points)Text1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage--spying as a“profession.”These days the Net,which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail,is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.In the past three or four years,the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying.The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,”and as the Net grows,it is becoming increasingly influential.In1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.The winner,by a large margin,was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions,whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford,Inc.,a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin,Texas.Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia)to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International.Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution,a spymaster’s st week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“As soon as that report runs,we’ll suddenly get500new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman,a former political science professor.“And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks,of course,since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of20in Austin.Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds.He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing,whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.Straitford,says Friedman,takes pride in its independent voice.41.The emergence of the Net has________.[A]received support from fans like Donovan[B]remolded the intelligence services[C]restored many common pastimes[D]revived spying as a profession42.Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to________.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the U.S.[C]give an episode of the information war[D]honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(Line1,Paragraph3)most probably means________.[A]causing the biggest trouble[B]exerting the greatest effort[C]achieving the greatest success[D]enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from Paragraph4that________.[A]Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B]Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C]Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D]Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its________.[A]official status[B]nonconformist image[C]efficient staff[D]military backgroundText2To paraphrase18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,“Don’t worry,scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way--in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement,a father’s bypass operation,a baby’s vaccinations,and even a pet’s shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing,there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to________.[A]call on scientists to take some actions[B]criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C]warn of the doom of biomedical research[D]show the triumph of the animal rights movement47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is________.[A]cruel but natural[B]inhuman and unacceptable[C]inevitable but vicious[D]pointless and wasteful48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s________.[A]discontent with animal research[B]ignorance about medical science[C]indifference to epidemics[D]anxiety about animal rights49.The author believes that,in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientistsshould________.[A]communicate more with the public[B]employ hi-tech means in research[C]feel no shame for their cause[D]strive to develop new cures50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is________.[A]a well-known humanist[B]a medical practitioner[C]an enthusiast in animal rights[D]a supporter of animal researchText3In recent years,railroads have been combining with each other,merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.As recently as1995,the top four railroads accounted for under70percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails.Next year,after a series of mergers is completed,just four railroads will control well over90percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.Any threat of monopoly,they argue,is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances,such as coal,chemicals,and grain,trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company.Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers20to30percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief,but the process is expensive,time-consuming,and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost.If railroads charged all customers the same average rate,they argue,shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so,leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe,but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici,a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortunes,still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another,with Wall Street cheering them on.Consider the$10.2billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year.Conrail’s netrailway operating income in1996was just$427million,less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction.Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill?Many captive shippers fear that they will,as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers,railway monopoly is unlikely because________.[A]cost reduction is based on competition[B]services call for cross-trade coordination[C]outside competitors will continue to exist[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat52.What is many captive shippers’attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A]Indifferent.[B]Supportive.[C]Indignant.[D]Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B]there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D]a government board ensures fair play in railway business54.The word“arbiters”(Line7,Paragraph4)most probably refers to those________.[A]who work as coordinators[B]who function as judges[C]who supervise transactions[D]who determine the price55.According to the text,the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by________.[A]the continuing acquisition[B]the growing traffic[C]the cheering Wall Street[D]the shrinking marketText4It is said that in England death is pressing,in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder.Americans’life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.Failing hips can be replaced,clinical depression controlled,cataracts removed in a30-minute surgical procedure.Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginablewhen I entered medicine50years ago.But not even a great health-care system can cure death--and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal;we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish,even under ideal conditions.We all understand that at some level,yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved.Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,we demand everything that can possibly be done for us,even if it’s useless.The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care.Physicians--frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient--too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950,the U.S.spent$12.7billion on health care.In2002,the cost will be$1,540billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable.Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it.Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age--say83or so.Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty to die and get out of the way,”so that younger,healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far.Energetic people now routinely work through their60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive.At78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her70s,and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit.As a physician,I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful.I also know that people in Japan and Sweden,countries that spend far less on medical care,have achieved longer,healthier lives than we have.As a nation,we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?[A]Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B]Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C]Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D]Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that________.[A]medical resources are often wasted[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C]some treatments are too aggressive[D]medical costs are becoming unaffordable58.The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of________.[A]strong disapproval[B]reserved consent[C]slight contempt[D]enthusiastic support59.In contrast to the U.S.,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care________.[A]more flexibly[B]more extravagantly[C]more cautiously[D]more reasonably60.The text intends to express the idea that________.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C]death should be accepted as a fact of life[D]excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative,possessed of insatiable curiosity.61)Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore,it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner,with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words anthropos:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name,anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly, systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography,economics,political science,psychology,and sociology.Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity.Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to theanalysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science.64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief,art, morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight,so profound in its simplicity,opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life.Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned,shared,and patterned behavior.65)Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the set of drawings,interpret its meaning,and2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2003年考研英语真题答案解析Section I:Listening Comprehension(20points)Part A(5points)1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concerts Part B(5points)6.(the couple)themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C(10points)11.[D]12.[A]13.[D]14.[B]15.[C]16.[B]17.[B]18.[C]19.[A]20.[D]Section II:Use of English(10points)一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2003考研英语答案及解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2003 年考研英语真题及答案2003 text1Wild Bill Donovan would haveovedl the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Servicesni the World War Ⅱ and aterl aidl the roots for the CIAwas fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came tohand in the "great game"of espionage— spying as a "profession".These days the Net, which has alreadyre-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sendingreshapingmail, Donovan's vocation as .well The atestl revolutionsn'ti simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind ofectronicel spyinghas been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, orldthe W ide Web has given birth to a whole industry ofpoint-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open-sourceintelligence",and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, byargelmargin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whosearcl advantage was its mastery of theectroniel world.Among the firms making the biggestashpl in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysifirm based in Austin, Texas.Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford presidentGeorge Friedman says he sees the online world as kinda of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last sweekfirm hiwas busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'llsuddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," saysFriedman, a formerpolitical science professor."And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does havets risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a eanl staff of 20ni Austin. Severalof his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success.Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing,whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independentcevoi.41.The emergence of the Net has________.[A]received support from fans like Donovan[B]remolded the intelligence services[C]restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to________.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the US[C]give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase"making the biggest splash" (line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means ________.[A]causing the biggest trouble[B]exerting the greatest effort[C]achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from paragraph4that________.[A]Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B]Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C]Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its________.[A]official status[B]nonconformist image[C]efficient staff[D]military background 试题解析：这是一篇说明性的文章，介绍了互联网技术对情报行业的影响。

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]（give）thought(to)想过，思考[B]（give sb.an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion(of)对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案]A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious1to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious1to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与give...to构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2003考研英语真题答案导语：以下是2003年考研英语真题的详细解析，包括听力、阅读理解和完形填空部分的答案和解析。

希望对考生们的备考有所帮助。

听力部分答案与解析:Section A: Short Conversations1-5: C A B C B解析：这组对话的主题是日常生活中常见的话题，包括维修电器、购物、办公用品等。

对话内容通常在问题中可以直接找到答案，要注意听清关键词。

6-10: C C A A B解析：这组对话主要是关于校园生活和学生活动安排。

细节题主要考查对对话内容的理解，特别是时间、地点、人物关系等方面的细节。

Section B: Short Passages11-15: A B A B C解析：这组短文主要是根据听到的短文内容进行细节理解。

答案往往可以在短文中直接找到。

16-20: B C B A A解析：这组短文主要是关于科技、环境等方面的话题。

考生要着重抓住关键词，并结合整个短文进行理解。

Section C: Long Conversation21-25: B C A C B解析：这篇长对话主要是讨论关于是否组织出国旅行的问题，考生需要关注对话中人物的观点和理由，从而推断出正确答案。

Passage One:26-30: D C B C A解析：这篇文章主要讲述了海鸟的迁徙和它们通过观察星座进行导航的能力。

题目多为细节题和观点题。

Passage Two:31-35: D A C D B解析：这篇文章主要讲述了经济发展与环境保护之间的关系，以及社会各界对此的反应。

题目多为细节题和观点题。

Passage Three:36-40: C B A D D解析：这篇文章主要是介绍古代文化遗址的保护工作及其重要性。

题目多为细节题和观点题。

完形填空部分答案与解析:41-45: C B D A D解析：这篇文章主要是讲述了一个小女孩通过音乐和舞蹈来治愈她心灵上的创伤。

选择题的答案多依赖于上下文的语境理解。

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

2003考研英语一真题及答案Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious ___21___ to how they can best ___22___ such changes. Growing bodies need movement and ___23___, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. ___24___ they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the ___25___ that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are ___26___ by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be ___27___ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, ___28___, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, ___29___ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide ___30___ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful ___31___ dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the ___32___ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult ___33___ visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have ___34___ attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized ___35___ participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to ___36___ else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants ___37___. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. ___38___, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by ___39___ for roles that are within their ___40___ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21. [A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion[D] advice22. [A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23. [A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24. [A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25. [A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26. [A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27. [A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28. [A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29. [A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30. [A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31. [A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32. [A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33. [A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34. [A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35. [A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36. [A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37. [A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38. [A] On the contrary[B] On the average[C] On the whole[D] On the other hand39. [A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40. [A] capabilities[B] responsibilities[C] proficiency[D] efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) tocorporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net has ________________________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________________________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA43. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________________________.[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity44. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________________________.[A] Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45. Straitford is most proud of its ________________________.[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________________________.[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________________________.[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________________________.[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________________________.[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________________________.[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow f or substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________________________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition[B] services call for cross-trade coordination[C] outside competitors will continue to exist[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat52. What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.53. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________________________.[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54. The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those ________________________.[A] who work as coordinators[B] who function as judges[C] who supervise transactions[D] who determine the price55. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ________________________.[A] the continuing acquisition[B] the growing traffic[C] the cheering Wall Street[D] the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.56. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that________________________.[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable58. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of________________________.[A] strong disapproval[B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt[D] enthusiastic support59. In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care________________________.[A] more flexibly[B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously[D] more reasonably60. The text intends to express the idea that ________________________.[A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos: “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the samereasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points) Part A (5 points)1.18762.19813. textiles4. 19,1375. concertsPart B (5 points)6. (the couple) themselves7. constructively8. a qualified psychologist9. good intentions10. absencePart C (10 points)11. [D]12. [A]13. [D]14. [B]15. [C] 16. [B]17. [B]18. [C]19. [A]20. [D]Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [A]22. [B]23. [C]24. [D]25. [C] 26. [B]27. [D]28. [C]29. [A]30. [D]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)61. 而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。