研究生入学考试英语模拟试题四

最新硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试卷及答案Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points ) In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes.4，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influencesocial behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a “dance” that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to belearning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the social unitevidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex,estSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each textText 1New figures from France,Germany and Italy—the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone —suggest the continent’s economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France, evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5%.With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown.Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europe’s largest economy—a key reason for the European Central Bank’s reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on year.The information backed economists’expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on the’s spike in oilThe icing on the cake was news that Italy’s job market has remained buoyant.The country’s July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And ain demand in the six weeks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the country’s biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targets meant growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the government’s 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italy’s government has promised its European Union partners.prediction of forecasters is exactly rightdrisesharp turning’s unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall in Germanyany consumer prices were falling’calculation directly leads to the drop of inflationaragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word.nment’s targetcountry’s promiseText 2Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place oninterviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcoholalcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day.The researchers found that people who reported an increase indisorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase incigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances.Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was .27. The survey participants were .nts who live close to the World Trade Centerattack28. The author is trying to show that .harmful for healthmental healthresidents29. What can be said about substance abuse after September 11?to have PTSD.likely to increase cigarette smoking.re consistently associated with increased substance use.substances.30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?status was not collected.substance abuse.abuse.Text 3The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, “is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into anus who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because heidea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yichain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They werewere the mavericks of society. Thsought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturatedthe professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses(e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc ofMaking the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.31.According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A.The CEO of a big company.B.The owner of a profitable restaurant.C.A man who started a new kind of business but eventually failed after 5 years because of some financial problems.D.A successful salesman.32.Which of the followings are necessary for an entrepreneur?①a resource shifter②one who starts a new business③④⑤a risk takerA.①②③B.①②④⑤C.①②⑤D.①②③④⑤33.From the text, we learn that .A.an entrepreneur should be very extrovertedB.an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunitiesD.the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of “entrepreneur”34.The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .plete the definition of entrepreneurB.tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneursC.show what kind of people can become entrepreneursD.illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur35.What will most possibly follow the text?A.An example of how an entrepreneur operates.B.Another theory about entrepreneurship.C.The bad effects of entrepreneurs.D.The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 4Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials.For the artist this means wider opportunities.There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man’s work.Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture.Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object,to see its various sides superimposed on each other(as in Cubism or in annew method encourages open designs,where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists,but no less influential,are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,discoveries that have infiltrated recent art,especiallySurrealism.The Surrealists,in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life,claimed that dreams were the only hope.Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious,they banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past,present and intervening psychological states.The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms.Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.For them,obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism.They did not need to smash paint and canvas;they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life.In a period when science has made revolutionary strides,artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in theirsculptors,though admittedly influenced by modern science,have alsoexpression,it has not always been a symbol of destruction.Quite the contrary:it has been used to examine more fully,to penetrate more deeply,to analyze more thoroughly,to enlarge,isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect.In addition,it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized asnot merely to reflect our world,but in fact to interpret it.36.According to the passage,it is true that.technologyadvancesartistic creations are the reflection of the material world37.The welding techniques.’s designs38.We can learn from the text that Freud’s studies.ave infiltrated Surrealism39.Which of the following is true about Surrealists?combine disconnected dream experiences.could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.images.last paragraph means that.been nourished by modern sciencePart BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed .For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) Aremote Patagonian town that’s just beginning to prosper by guiding tourists through the virgin forests nearby is being shaken by the realization that it’s sitting on a gold mine. Literally.41)________________________________________________________ ___________Esquel’s plight is winning attention from international conservation and environmental groups such as Greenpeace.42)__________________________About 3.2 million acres already are under contract for mineral exploration in poor and sparsely settled Chubut Province, where Esquel is, near the southern tip of South America.43)______________________________________Meridian’s project, about 5 miles outside Esquel at a higher elevation, is about 20 miles from a national park that preserves rate trees known as alerces, a southern relative of California’s giant sequoia. Some of them have been growing serenely in the temperate rain forest for more than 3,000 years.The greatest fear is that cyanide, which is used to leach gold from ore, will drain downhill and poison Esquel’s and possibly the park’s water supplies. The mine will use 180 tons of the deadly chemical each month. Although many townspeople and some geologists disagree, the company says any excess cyanide would drain away from Esquel.“We won’t allow them to tear things up and leave us with the toxic aftermath,” said Felix Aguilar, 28, as he piloted a boatload of tourists through a lake in the Alerces National Park.“We take care of things here, so that the entire world can hear and see nature in its pure state. The world must help us prevent this.”44)__________________________________________________________________________A young English botanist named Charles Darwin, the author of the theory of evolution, was the first European to see alerces, with trunks that had a circumference of 130 feet. He gave the tree its generic name, Fitzroya cupressoides, for the captain of his ship, Robert Fitzroy.Argentina, pressed by the United States, Canada, the World Bank and other global lenders, rewrote its mining laws in the 1990s to encourage foreign investment.45)________________________________________ Argentina took in more than＄1 billion over the past decade by granting exploration contracts for precious metals to more than 70 foreign and domestic companies. If the country were to turn away a major investor, the message to its mining sector would be chilling.［A］outside Esquel could determine the fate of mining in Patagonia, a pristine region spanning southern Argentina and Chile.［B］Forest ecologist Paul Alaback, a University of Montana professor who studies the alerces, said Argentine authorities could gain from Alaska’［C］More than 3,000 worried Esquel residents recently took to the streets in protests aimed at assuring that their neat community of 28,000［D］American Douglas Tomkins, the founder of the Esprit clothingline and a prominent global conservationist, has bought more than 800,000 wilderness acres in Chile to preserve alerces and protect what’s left of the temperate rain forest. Ted Turner, the communications magnate, also has bought land in Argentine Patagonia with an eye to conservation.［E］Residents also complain that Argentina hasn’t given［F］Mining companies received incentives such as 30 years without［G］In Argentina, the town has become a national symbol in the debate over exploitation vs. preservation of the country’s vast natural resources.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)For better or worse,multiple marriages aren’t just for actress Elizabeth Taylor (renowned for her eight marriages) anymore.More Americans than ever are tying the knot (getting married) for the third time or more.Lynn Y.Orleans,says that people’s personal needs and desires simply changes astheir life evolves.“What functions well in the first part of our lives may not function well in the second or third parts of o ur lives,”she explains.She didn’t start her career as a therapist until her children from her first marriage went to school.That marriage lasted 21 years,her second marriage five years.Two years ago,she wed for a third time,and she describes this union as an “extremely easy marriage”.Today,at an estimated one of seven weddings,the bride,the groom or both are making that trip down the aisle for at least the third time.That’s twice as many as a generation ago,according to the US National Centre for Health Statistics.46)In part,the surge in multiple marriages is a side effect of the 1970ssingles.Even the simple fact that people are living longer has opened the door to marrying more oftblamed for the failure of the marriage),and cultural changes have also meant there’s less peer pressure than in past generations to stay in a joyless or abusive marriage.47)While a single divorce didn’t block either Ronald Reagan or Bob Dole from seeking the most highly scrutinized job in America — the US presidency —modern society still raises an eyebrow at more than one matrimonial mistake.Indeed,there are signs that attitudes are changing.Even the language is softening.Clinical papers in social science journals no longer probe for “neurosis” or mental depressive disorder among the “divorce prone”. More and more marriages are said to “end,” not “fail,” and one author has coined the term “encore marriages”.“It’s coming out of the closet or becoming more accepted,” says Glenda Riley,a Ball State University professor who wrote a book on the history of divorce in the US.48)“There’s still embarrassment on the personal level,while there is growing accept ance on the public level” for three or more marriages in a lifetime.49)Some experts say that the trend toward multiple marriages shows an erosion in Americans’capacity for commitment.“We live in the age of light.We have light cream cheese,light beer,light mayonnaise,”says Wayne Sotile,a psychologist and marriage counselor in’s no such thing as’ve got to commit yourself to those things.”There’s no guarantee,of course,that the third time is the best.50)To the contrary,second and third marriages run an equal or greater risk ofof failing,and they tend to end more quickly.Divorce statistics show that failed second marriages typically end two years sooner than firstmarriages,lasting six years on average rather than eight.That leaves some doubly divorced people open for a third try at a relatively young age.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Direction:You’ve just come back from a tour in JiuZhaiGou, and you’re writing to your friend Mary.1)tell her that you’ve been back at the very day2)share your travelling experience with her3）invite her to a tour in ZhangJiajie in the coming yearYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Jane” instead. You do not need to wirte the address.(10 points)Part B52.Direction:study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.In the essay you should1)interpret the picture’s meaning2)give your comments on the phenomenon3)give your suggestions to solve the problem答案及解析Section ⅠUse of English根据题意，“早期的科学家，假定非人类动物的社会生活几乎完全是天生的，或是由遗传决定的”,assume多用于未证实的假定；adopt 意为“采用，接受”；believe 意为“相信”；surmise 意为“猜测，推测”，相当于“guess”。

四级考研试题及答案四级考研模拟试题一、听力理解（共20分）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news stories. At the end of each news story, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news stories and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.News Story 1(Here would be a brief news story, followed by the questions.)1. A) The opening of a new museum.B) The discovery of an ancient city.C) The celebration of a cultural festival.D) The launch of a new satellite.2. A) It was buried under the desert for centuries.B) It was destroyed in a war.C) It was abandoned due to a natural disaster.D) It was forgotten by the inhabitants.News Story 2(Here would be another brief news story, followed by the questions.)3. A) The impact of social media on teenagers.B) The benefits of online education.C) The challenges of distance learning.D) The influence of technology in education.4. A) It can be addictive.B) It can improve social skills.C) It can enhance learning efficiency.D) It can reduce educational costs.News Story 3(Here would be the third brief news story, followed by the questions.)5. A) The increasing number of endangered species.B) The efforts to protect the environment.C) The importance of biodiversity.D) The threats to the rainforests.6. A) By raising public awareness.B) By establishing nature reserves.C) By enacting stricter laws.D) By funding scientific research.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Conversation 1(Here would be a detailed conversation, followed by the questions.)7. A) The man is not satisfied with the service.B) The woman is unhappy with the man's behavior.C) The man is trying to negotiate a lower price.D) The woman is explaining the terms of the contract.8. A) Apologize and offer a discount.B) Ignore the complaint and continue working.C) Ask for the manager to intervene.D) Offer to repair the item for free.Conversation 2(Here would be another detailed conversation, followed by the questions.)9. A) The woman is a new employee at the company.B) The man is a seasoned professional in the field.C) The woman is interviewing the man for a job.D) The man is a recent graduate looking for work.10. A) To gain more experience.B) To advance in her career.C) To work in a new environment.D) To change her line of work.二、阅读理解（共25分）Passage 1(Here would be a passage about a general topic, followed by the questions.)11. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a balanced diet.B) The effects of stress on health.C) The benefits of regular exercise.D) The role of sleep in well-being.12. According to the passage, which of the following is a sign of stress?A) Increased appetite.B) Insomnia.C) Frequent headaches.D) All of the above.Passage 2(Here would be another passage on a different topic, followed by the questions.)13. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem discussed?A) Implementing stricter regulations.B) Encouraging public participation.C) Investing in new technologies.D) Conducting further research.14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem?A) Industrial pollution.B) Deforestation.C) Climate change.D) Overpopulation.Passage 3(Here would be the third passage, followed by the questions.)15. What is the author's opinion about the subject?A) It is a controversial issue.B) It is a positive development.C) It is a negative trend.D) It requires more study.16. What would be the best title for the passage?A) "The Impact of Technology on Society."。

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.6 minutes for the kids who weren’t. The boys who had the video games immediately achieved lower reading and writing test scores than those who didn’t. But the PlayStations seemed to have no effect on the boys’ math and problem solving skills. Cerankosky said in a statement on the Denison University Web site that there isn’t “ necessarily something inherent in video games that negatively affects kids”. It’s an activity that detracts from time that could be spent on schoolwork,” she said. If you are wondering why we needed a study to tell us that, the researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always accurate, and it is important to prove such beliefs through experimentation.11．Which of the following is CORRECT according to the first paragraph?A．The researchers call for a ban on children video games.B．Video games have less influence on girl’s performance.C．Evaluation is needed before buying children video games.D．The new PlayStation II gaming system is too violent to children.正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。

研究生入学考试模拟试题1. 阅读理解阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

In recent years, there has been a growing trend of more and more college graduates choosing to pursue a master's degree. The reasons for this trend are varied, but one of the key factors is the increasing competitiveness of the job market. With a master's degree, graduates can often stand out from the crowd and have a better chance of landing their desired job.Another reason for the rising popularity of master's degrees is the desire for specialization. Many fields require advanced knowledge and skills that can only be obtained through further education. By pursuing a master's degree, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of their chosen field and develop expertise that sets them apart.Furthermore, earning a master's degree can provide individuals with a higher earning potential. Many studies have shown that on average, individuals with a master's degree earn a higher salary compared to those with only a bachelor's degree. This financial incentive motivates many college graduates to continue their education and pursue a master's degree.However, there are also some drawbacks to pursuing a master's degree. One of the main concerns is the financial burden. Graduate school tuition fees can be expensive, and many students may need to take out loans to cover the costs. It is important for individuals considering a master's degree to carefully evaluate the financial implications and ensure that they will be able to manage the additional expenses.Another potential drawback is the time commitment required. Master's degree programs are typically more intensive and demanding compared to undergraduate programs. Students may need to balance their studies with part-time work or other responsibilities, which can be challenging and stressful. Time management skills and a strong commitment are crucial for success in a master's program.In conclusion, the increasing popularity of pursuing a master's degree is driven by factors such as job market competitiveness, desire for specialization, and higher earning potential. However, individuals should also consider the financial burden and time commitment before deciding to pursue a master's degree.2. 问题回答a) What are some reasons for the growing trend of pursuing a master's degree among college graduates? (150 words)The growing trend of pursuing a master's degree among college graduates can be attributed to several reasons. Firstly, the job market has become increasingly competitive, and having a master's degree can give graduates a competitive edge over their peers. With a master's degree, individuals are more likely to secure their desired job and have better career prospects.Secondly, many fields require advanced knowledge and specialized skills that can only be obtained through further education. By pursuing a master's degree, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of their chosenfield and develop expertise, making them more valuable and marketable in the job market.Thirdly, studies have shown that individuals with a master's degree tend to earn a higher salary compared to those with only a bachelor's degree. This financial incentive motivates many college graduates to continue their education and pursue a master's degree.Overall, the increasing competitiveness of the job market, the desire for specialization, and the higher earning potential are some of the main reasons driving the growing trend of pursuing a master's degree among college graduates.b) What are some potential drawbacks of pursuing a master's degree? (150 words)While pursuing a master's degree offers various benefits, there are also potential drawbacks that individuals should consider before making the decision. Firstly, one of the main concerns is the financial burden. Graduate school tuition fees can be expensive, and many students may need to take out loans or seek financial aid to cover the costs. It is crucial for individuals to carefully evaluate the financial implications and ensure that they will be able to manage the additional expenses associated with pursuing a master's degree.Secondly, pursuing a master's degree requires a significant time commitment. The programs are often more intensive and demanding compared to undergraduate studies. Students may need to balance their studies with part-time work or other responsibilities, which can be achallenge and cause stress. Time management skills and a strong commitment are essential for success in a master's program.Additionally, pursuing a master's degree may delay entry into the job market. While individuals with a master's degree may have better career prospects, they also spend additional years in education compared to those who start working after completing their bachelor's degree.In summary, the potential drawbacks of pursuing a master's degree include the financial burden, time commitment, and delayed entry into the job market. Individuals should carefully consider these factors before deciding to pursue a master's degree.3. 综合素材阅读下面的文献摘录，然后回答问题。

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案一、听力部分题目一[听力材料]1.What does the woman want to do?A. Visit a museum.B. Go shopping.C. Have a coffee.2.What is the man doing?A. Taking pictures.B. Writing a report.C. Doing some research.3.What did the man say he had just done?A. Made a phone call.B. Checked his email.C. Talked to his boss.[答案解析]1. A2. A3. B题目二[听力材料]1.What does the man suggest that they do?A. Watch a movie.B. Go to a concert.C. Have a party.2.How long will the concert last?A. About an hour.B. About two hours.C. About three hours.3.What does the woman say about the singer?A. She is very popular.B. She is not very good.C. She has a great voice. [答案解析]1. A2. B3. C二、阅读理解部分题目一[文章]Researchers have developed a new technique that could help treat cancer by using an electric field to guide cancer-fighting medication directly to tumors. The team used microscopic particles called nanovesicles (small enough to enter the bloodstream) to deliver chemotherapy drugs specifically to cancer cells. These nanovesicles were then activated with an electric field, causing them to pass through the blood vessels and into the tumors themselves.题目What is the new technique that researchers have developed?A. A way to guide electric fields to tumors.B. A technique to deliver chemotherapy drugs to cancer cells.C. A method to activate microscopic particles.[答案解析]B题目二[文章]The rising cost of housing in big cities is driving workers to move to smaller towns. For many, the decision to leave urban areas is not only about money, but also about improving their quality of life.题目Why are workers moving to smaller towns?A. Because of the rising cost of housing in big cities.B. Because they want to live in a quieter environment.C. Because they want to be closer to nature.[答案解析]A三、翻译部分题目一[中文]一旦这种新技术被用于生产，它将彻底改变这个行业。

Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Skin, being sturdy and elastic and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.16A. resilientB. elusiveC. looseD. expansive正确答案：A注释:elastic有弹力的，引缩自如的；elusive难懂的；loose宽松的；resilient有弹力的；expansive易膨胀的。

Our social backgrounds also affect our attitudes toward art.17A. effectB. affluenceC. varyD. influence正确答案：D注释:influence与affect同为“影响”之意。

affluence丰富，汇集。

There is an argument that Lincoln was assassinated by an actor.18A. stabbedB. murderedC. killedD. shot正确答案：B注释:assassinate与murder意思相近，同为“暗杀，谋杀”。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题2024 National Master's Entrance Examination English TestPart I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. (A) The library.(B) The gym.(C) The cafeteria.(D) The bookstore.2. (A) To attend a conference.(B) To discuss a project.(C) To meet with a professor.(D) To take an exam.3. (A) He missed the test.(B) He got a good grade.(C) He studied hard for it.(D) He was ill that day.4. (A) At a hotel.(B) In a restaurant.(C) At a friend’s house.(D) In a classroom.5. (A) The library.(B) The museum.(C) The theater.(D) The park.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear several questions. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the five possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.Conversation 16. What is the woman’s occupation?(A) A teacher.(B) A writer.(C) A journalist.(D) A lawyer.7. What does the man suggest the woman do?(A) Start a blog.(B) Write a book.(C) Take up painting.(D) Travel more.Conversation 28. Where is the man originally from?(A) Canada.(B) China.(C) Japan.(D) Australia.9. Why did the man move to the United States?(A) For work.(B) For school.(C) For vacation.(D) For family.10. What does the woman offer to do for the man?(A) Help him find a job.(B) Drive him to the airport.(C) Show him around the city.(D) Cook him dinner.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question or the best completionto each statement. You are allowed to select one, two, three, or four answers.Passage 1Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with each other. His social networking site has over 1 billion active users, making it one of the most popular websites in the world. However, with its popularity come concerns about privacy and security. Critics argue that Facebook’s data collection practices invade users’ privacy, while supporters claim that the site offers a valuable platform for connecting with friends and family.11. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Mark Zuckerberg’s hobbies.(B) The history of Facebook.(C) Privacy concerns about Facebook.(D) How to create a social networking site.12. How many active users does Facebook have?(A) 1,000(B) 100,000(C) 1,000,000(D) 1,000,000,00013. Why do critics have concerns about Facebook?(A) Its data collection practices.(B) Its user-friendly interface.(C) Its mobile app.(D) Its virtual reality technology.14. What do supporters argue about Facebook?(A) It invades users’ privacy.(B) It is not popular.(C) It is a valuable platform.(D) It is a waste of time.Passage 2The internet has changed the way we live, work, and play. With just a few clicks, we can access a wealth of information and connect with people all around the world. However, this convenience comes with risks, such as identity theft and onlinescams. It is important to be vigilant and protect your personal information when using the internet.15. What impact has the internet had on society?(A) Positive only.(B) Negative only.(C) Positive and negative.(D) No impact.16. What risks are associated with the internet?(A) Identity theft and online scams.(B) Increased productivity.(C) Healthy lifestyle choices.(D) Career opportunities.17. Why is it important to protect your personal information online?(A) To make friends.(B) To win prizes.(C) To avoid scams.(D) To increase your social media following.18. How can you protect your personal information online?(A) Share it with everyone.(B) Use a strong password.(C) Click on suspicious links.(D) Post it on social media.Passage 3Global warming is a pressing issue that affects us all. The rise in temperatures has led to extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, which have devastating effects on communities around the world. It is crucial for individuals and governments to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.19. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Global warming and its effects.(B) Various weather patterns.(C) Importance of recycling.(D) Industrial growth.20. What have extreme weather events led to?(A) Increased oil production.(B) More snow days.(C) Devastating effects on communities.(D) Renewable energy sources.21. What is crucial for individuals and governments to do?(A) Nothing.(B) Increase greenhouse gas emissions.(C) Take action to reduce emissions.(D) Support fossil fuel industries.22. How can individuals combat climate change?(A) Drive gas-guzzling vehicles.(B) Use energy-efficient appliances.(C) Waste water.(D) Cut down trees.Passage 4Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to revolutionize industries such as healthcare, transportation, and education. AI technologies, such as machinelearning and natural language processing, are being used to develop innovative solutions to complex problems. While AI offers great promise, there are ethical concerns about its impact on jobs and privacy.23. What is a rapidly growing field?(A) Medicine.(B) Agriculture.(C) Artificial intelligence.(D) Accounting.24. How are AI technologies, such as machine learning and natural language processing, being used?(A) To develop innovative solutions.(B) To create problems.(C) To decrease productivity.(D) To increase unemployment.25. What concerns are there about AI?(A) Ethical concerns.(B) Environmental concerns.(C) Social concerns.(D) Political concerns.26. What impact does AI have on jobs and privacy?(A) Positive only.(B) Negative only.(C) No impact.(D) Positive and negative.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements about it. Each statement has a word or phrase missing. Choose the best answer from the options A, B, C, and D to complete the statement. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 527. The passage is mainly about __________.(A) the history of chocolate.(B) the health benefits of chocolate.(C) different types of chocolate.(D) how chocolate is made.28. The Aztecs considered chocolate to be a special food reserved for __________.(A) women(B) children(C) the elderly(D) warriors29. The Europeans were introduced to chocolate by the __________.(A) Aztecs(B) Mayans(C) Spaniards(D) Incas30. The Spaniards added sugar to chocolate, making it a drink __________.(A) for the poor(B) for the rich(C) for everyone(D) for royalty31. Today, chocolate is enjoyed __________.(A) during holidays(B) only in the winter(C) throughout the year(D) only in certain regions32. Dark chocolate contains a higher percentage of cocoa solids than __________.(A) milk chocolate(B) white chocolate(C) semi-sweet chocolate(D) artisanal chocolate33. Consuming chocolate in moderation may have __________ effects.(A) negative(B) neutral(C) positive(D) harmful34. Chocolate is believed to help __________ due to its antioxidant properties.(A) reduce stress(B) lower blood pressure(C) increase cholesterol(D) fight infections35. The flavonoids in dark chocolate may help improve__________.(A) vision(B) sleep(C) memory(D) digestion36. Eating chocolate can trigger the release of __________ in the brain, making you feel good.(A) serotonin(B) cortisol(C) estrogen(D) adrenalinePart III Writing (30 points)Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of 150-200 words within 10 minutes. Your essay should be based on the information provided in the following passage.The Importance of EducationEducation plays a crucial role in shaping individuals and societies. It provides knowledge, skills, and values that help people lead productive and fulfilling lives. Education opens doors to opportunities and empowers individuals to achieve their goals. It also promotes social and economic development by creating a knowledgeable and skilled workforce. In today’s fast-paced and ever-changing world, education is more important than ever.In your essay, discuss the importance of education in today’s society. Provide examples and explain how education can benefit individuals and communities. Offer suggestions on how to improve the quality of education and make it more accessible to all.---This concludes the 2024 National Master's Entrance Examination English Test. Good luck!。

英语证书考试美国经企管理研究生入学考试(GMT)模拟题2020年(4)(总分100,考试时间75分钟)阅读理解Suppose we were in a spaceship in free fall, where objects are weightless, and wanted to know a small solid object's mass. We could not simply balance that object against another of known weight, as we would on Earth. The unknown mass could be determined, however, by placing the object on a spring scale and swinging the scale in a circle at the end of a string. The scale would measure the tension in the string, which would depend on both the speed of revolution and the mass of the object. The tension would be greater, the greater the mass or the greater the speed of revolution. From the measured tension and speed of whirling, we could determine the object's mass.Astronomers use an analogous procedure to "weigh" double-star systems. The speed with which the two stars in a double-star system circle one another depends on the gravitational force between them, which holds the system together. This attractive force, analogous to the tension in the string, is proportional to the stars' combined mass, according to Newton's law of gravitation. By observing the time required for the stars to circle each other (the period) and measuring the distance between them, we can deduce the restraining force, and hence the masses.1. 1.It can be inferred from the passage that the two procedures described in the passage have which of the following in common?A. They have been applied in practice.B. They rely on the use of a device that measures tension.C. Their purpose is to determine an unknown mass.D. They can only be applied to small solid objects.E. They involve attraction between objects of similar mass.2. 2.According to the passage, the tension in the string mentioned in lines 8-9 is analogous to which of the following aspects of a double-star system?A. The speed with which one star orbits the otherB. The gravitational attraction between the star sC. The amount of time it takes for the stars to circle one anotherD. The distance between the two starsE. **bined mass of the two stars3. 3.Which of the following best describes the relationship between the first and the second paragraph of the passage?A. The first paragraph provides an illustration useful for understanding a procedure described inthe second paragraph.B. The first paragraph describes a hypothetical situation whose plausibility is tested in the second paragraph.C. The first paragraph evaluates the usefulness of a procedure whose application is described further in the second paragraph.D. The second paragraph provides evidence to support a claim made in the first paragraph.E. The second paragraph analyzes the practical implications of a methodology proposed in the first paragraph.4. 4.The author of the passage mentions observations regarding the period of a double-star system as being useful for determiningA. the distance between the two stars in the systemB. the time it takes for each star to rotate on its axisC. the size of the orbit the system's two stars occupyD. the degree of gravitational attraction between the system's starsE. the speed at which the star system moves through spaceThe dry mountain ranges of the western United States contain rocks dating back 440 to 510 million years, to the Ordovician period, and teeming with evidence of tropical marine life. This rock record provides clues about one of the most significant radiations (periods when existing life-forms gave rise to variations that would eventually evolve into entirely new species) in the history of marine invertebrates. During this radiation the number of marine biological families increased greatly, and these families included species that would dominate the marine ecosystems of the area for the next 215 million years. Although the radiation spanned tens of millions of years, major changes in many species occurred during a geologically short time span within the radiation and, furthermore, appear to have occurred worldwide, suggesting that external events were major factors in the radiation. In fact, there is evidence of major ecological and geological changes during this period: the sea level dropped drastically and mountain ranges were formed. In this instance, rather than leading to large-scale extinctions, these kinds of environmental changes may have resulted in an enriched pattern of habitats and nutrients, which in turn gave rise to the Ordovician radiation. However, the actual relationship between these environmental factors and the diversification of life-forms is not yet fully understood.5. 5.The passage is primarily concerned withA. evaluating the evidence of a major geologic period and determining its durationB. describing an evolutionary phenomenon and speculating about its causeC. explaining the mechanisms through which marine life-forms evolved during a particular periodD. analyzing the impact on later life-forms of an important evolutionary developmentE. contrasting a period of evolutionary change with other such periods6. 6.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding the geologic changes that occurred during the Ordovician period?A. They were more drastic than those associated with other radiations.B. They may have created conditions favorable to the evolution of many new life-forms.C. They may have caused the extinction of many of the marine species living in shallow waters.D. They may have been a factor in the development of new species adapted to living both on lan d and in water.E. They hastened the formation of the extensive dry regions found in the western United States.7. 7.Which of the following best describes the function of the last sentence of the passage?A. It points out that the events described in the passage may be atypical.B. It alludes to the fact that there is disagreement in the **munity over the importance of the Ordovician radiation.C. It concludes that the evidence presented in the passage is insufficient to support the proposed hypothesis because it comes from a limited geographic area.D. It warns the reader against seeing a connection between the biological and geologic changes described in the passage.E. It alerts the reader that current knowledge **pletely explain the relationship suggested by the evidence presented in the passage.Seventeenth-century philosopher John Locke stated that as much as 99 percent of the value of any useful product can be attributed to "the effects of labor." For Locke's intellectual heirs it was only a short step to the "labor theory of value," whose formulators held that 100 percent of the value of any product is generated by labor (the human work needed to produce goods) and that therefore the employer who appropriates any part of the product's value as profit is practicing theft. Although human effort is required to produce goods for the consumer market, effort is also invested in making capital goods (tools, machines, etc.), which are used to facilitate the production of consumer goods. In modern economies about one-third of the total output of consumer goods is attributable to the use of capital goods. Approximately two-thirds of the income derived from this total output is paid out to workers as wages and salaries, the remaining third serving as compensation to the owners of the capital goods. Moreover, part of this remaining third is received by workers who are shareholders, pension beneficiaries, and the like. The labor theory of value systematically disregards the productive contribution of capital goods—a failing for which Locke must bear part of the blame.8. 8.The author of the passage is primarily concerned withA. criticizing Locke's economic theoriesB. discounting the contribution of labor in a modern economyC. questioning the validity of the labor theory ot valueD. arguing for a more equitable distribution of business profitsE. contending that employers are **pensated for capital goods9. 9.According to the author of the passage, which of the following is true of the distribution of the incorr e derived from the total output of consumer goods in a modern economy?A. Workers receive a share of this income that is significantly smaller than the value of their labor as a contribution to total output.B. Owners of capital goods receive a share of this income that is significantly greater than the contribution to total output attributable to the use of capital goods.C. Owners of capital goods receive a share of this income that is no greater than the proportion of total output attributable to the use of capital goods.D. Owners of capital goods are not **pensated for their investment because they pay out most of their share of this income to workers as wages and benefits.E. Workers receive a share of this income that is greater than the value of their labor because the labor theory of value overestimates their contribution to total output.10. 10.Which of the following statements, if true, would most effectively counter the author's criticism of Locke at the end of the passage?A. Locke was unfamiliar with the labor theory of value as it was formulated by his intellectual heirs.B. In Locke's day, there was no possibility of ordinary workers becoming shareholders or pension beneficiaries.C. During Locke's lifetime, capital goods did not make a significant productive contribution to the economy.D. The precise statistical calculation of the productive contributions of labor and capital goods is not possible **puters.E. The terms "capital goods" and "consumer goods" were coined by modern economists and do not appear in Locke's writings.11. 11.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. The author explores the origins of a theory and explains why the theory never gained widespread acceptance.B. The author introduces the premise of a theory, evaluates the premise by relating it to objective reality, then proposes a modification of the theory.C. After quoting a well-known authority, the author describes the evolution of a theory, then traces its modern form back to the original quotation.D. After citing a precursor of a theory, the author outlines and refutes the theory, then links its flaw to the precursor.E. After tracing the roots of a theory, the author attempts to undermine the theory by discrediting its originator.12. 12.Which of the following arguments would a proponent of the labor theory of value, as it is presented in the first paragraph, be most likely to use in response to lines 23-25?A. The productive contributions of workers and capital goods cannot be compared because the productive life span of capital goods is longer than that of workers.B. The author's analysis of the distribution of income is misleading because only a small percentage of workers are also shareholders.C. Capital goods are valuable only insofar as they contribute directly to the production of consumer goods.D. The productive contribution of capital goods must be discounted because capital goods require maintenance.E. The productive contribution of capital goods must be attributed to labor because capital goods are themselves products of labor.13. 13.The author of the passage implies which of the following regarding the formulators of the labor theory of value?A. They came from a working-class background.B. Their views were too radical to have popular appeal.C. At least one of them was a close contemporary of Locke.D. They were familiar with Locke's views on the relationship between labor and the value of products.E. They underestimated the importance of consumer goods in a modern economy.Exactly when in the early modern era Native Americans began exchanging animal furs with Europeans for European-made goods is uncertain. What is fairly certain, even though they left no written evidence of having done so, is that the first Europeans to conduct such trade during themodern period were fishing crews working the waters around Newfoundland. Archaeologists had noticed that sixteenth-century Native American sites were strewn with iron bolts and metal pins. Only later, upon reading Nicolas Denys's 1672 account of seventeenth-century European settlements in North America, did archaeologists realize that sixteenth-century European fishing crews had dismantled and exchanged parts of their ships for furs.By the time Europeans sailing the Atlantic coast of North America first documented the fur trade, it was apparently well underway. The first to record such trade—the captain of a Portuguese vessel sailing from Newfoundland in 1501—observed that a Native American aboard the ship wore Venetian silver earrings. Another early chronicler noted in 1524 that Native Americans living along the coast of what is now New England had become selective about European trade goods: they accepted only knives, fishhooks, and sharp metal. By the time Cartier sailed the Saint Lawrence River ten years later, Native Americans had traded with Europeans for more than thirty years, perhaps half a century.14. 14.The author of the passage draws conclusions about the fur trade in North America from all of the following sources EXCEPTA. Cartier's accounts of trading with Native AmericansB. a seventeenth-century account of European settlementsC. a sixteenth-century account written by a sailing vessel captainD. archaeological observations of sixteenth-century Native American sitesE. a sixteenth-century account of Native Americans in what is now New England15. 15.The passage suggests that which of the following is partially responsible for the difficulty in establishing the precise date when the fur trade in North America began?A. A lack of written accounts before that of Nicolas Denys in 1672B. A lack of written documentation before 1501C. Ambiguities in the evidence from Native American sourcesD. Uncertainty about Native American trade networksE. Uncertainty about the origin of artifacts supposedly traded by European fishing crews for furs16. 16.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's assertion in the first sentence of the second paragraph?A. When Europeans retraced Cartier's voyage in the first years of the seventeenth century, they frequently traded with Native Americans.B. Furs from beavers, which were plentiful in North America but nearly extinct in Europe, becarre extremely fashionable in Europe in the final decades of the sixteenth century.C. Firing arms were rarely found on sixteenth-century Native American sites or on European lists of trading goods since such arms required frequent maintenance and repair.D. Europeans and Native Americans had established trade protocols, such as body language assuring one another of their peaceful intentions, that antedate the earliest records of trade.E. During the first quarter of the sixteenth century, an Italian explorer recorded seeing many Native Americans with what appeared to be copper beads, though they may have been made of indigenous copper.17. 17.Which of the following best describes the primary function of lines 11-16?A. It offers a reconsideration of a claim made in the preceding sentence.B. It reveals how archaeologists arrived at an interpretation of the evidence mentioned in the preceding sentence.C. It shows how scholars misinterpreted the significance of certain evidence mentioned in the preceding sentence.D. It identifies one of the first significant accounts of seventeenth-century European settlements in North America.E. It explains why Denys's account of seventeenth-century European settlements is thought to be significant.18. 18.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which of the following statements about the fur trade between Native Americans and Europeans in the early modern era?A. This trade may have begun as early as the 1480s.B. This trade probably did not continue much beyond the 1530s.C. This trade was most likely at its peak in the mid-1520s.D. This trade probably did not begin prior to 1500.E. There is no written evidence of this trade prior to the seventeenth century.19. 19.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Native Americans mentioned in line 24?A. They had little use for decorative objects such as earrings.B. They became increasingly dependent on fishing between 1501 and 1524.C. By 1524, only certain groups of Europeans were willing to trade with them.D. The selectivity of their trading choices made it difficult for them to engage in widespread trade with Europeans.E. The selectivity of their trading choices indicates that they had been trading with Europeans for a significant period of time prior to 1524.20. 20.The passage supports which of the following statements about sixteenth-century European fishing crews working the waters off Newfoundland?A. They wrote no accounts of their fishing voyages.B. They primarily sailed under the flag of Portugal.C. They exchanged ship parts with Native Americans for furs.D. **monly traded jewelry with Native Americans for furs.E. They carried surplus metal implements to trade with Native Americans for furs.21. 21.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about evidence pertaining to the fur trade between Native Americans and Europeans in the early modern era?A. A lack of written evidence has made it difficult to establish which Europeans first participated in this trade.B. In general, the physical evidence pertaining to this trade has been more useful than the written evidence has been.C. There is more written evidence pertaining to this trade from the early part of the sixteenth century than from later in that century.D. The earliest written evidence pertaining to this trade dates from a time when the trade was already well established.E. Some important pieces of evidence pertaining to this trade, such as Denys's 1672 account, were long overlooked by archaeologists.22. 22.The passage suggests which of the following about the sixteenth-century Native Americans who traded with Europeans on the coast of what is now called New England?A. By 1524 they had become accustomed to exchanging goods with Europeans.B. They were unfamiliar with metals before encountering Europeans.C. They had no practical uses for European goods other than metals and metal implements.D. By 1524 they had become disdainful of European traders because such traders had treated them unfairly in the past.E. By 1524 they demanded only the most prized European goods because they **e to realize how valuable furs were on European markets.。

研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题答案Section I Use of English1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.C8.C9.B 10.C11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.D31.C 32.D 33.A 34.B 35.A 36.A 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.DPart B41.G 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.DPart C46）一百年前，运动仅仅局限于那些在后院或者农场中举行的活动。

那时候，恐怕没有人会想到它在二十世纪的今天所受到的关注程度。

47）虽然说现代社会是一个休闲社会有些言过其实，但是大多数人却比以前拥有更多的业余时间。

48）无论是体育迷还是参与者，运动都能使他们以某种方式表达来他们的感情（如愤怒和挫折感），而这种方式是社会所接受的，甚至是社会所鼓励的。

49）一般来说，下层劳动人民倾向于参与棒球和篮球这样的运动，因为这类运动只需要一块场地，一个球和几名球员而已。

50）虽然和美国社会的其他职业相比，从事职业运动中的有色人种获取高收入的机会大一些，这是事实；但是，几乎所有的经理或者运动队老板都是白人，这也是事实。

Section III WritingPart ASample answer:Dear Sir or Madam,I write in response to your invitation to students to propose ways for the improvement of the library.I am a fourth-year student majoring in educational psychology and I find that the level of student service is excellent. Indeed, every member of your staff is, without exception, extremely polite and helpful.However, I feel that our library is in need of more up-to-date publications as well as a full set of classical and reference works. In addition, if you could supply more computers in the library, the research needs of both the students and the teachers will be more fully satisfied.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li MingPart BSample answer:As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, a boy is contemplating the true meaning of happiness. It is indeed a tough question for him: what on earth is happiness? He is puzzled as to in which circumstance he will feel happy---when he makes money, or wins true love, or is in good health, or what?It is obvious that happiness is difficult to define. We all know people who have a relatively easy and comfortable life, and yet are essentially unhappy. And we may also have friends who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy. Therefore, happiness is actually of one's own making. If you have a positive attitude and are determined to find the little happiness of life, you are destined to be jolly, no matter what kind of situation you are in.Happiness is an attitude, not a condition. It lies in the struggle to be happy. People sometimes go to extremes and frantically pursue money, power, high social status, etc., which are all symbols of success—but never of happiness. Perhaps if they shifted their goal from ultimate success to unswerving efforts and to a confidence that they will be successful one day, they'd be a great deal happier.。

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(四)The Englishman has been called a political animal, and he values what is political and practical so much that ideas easily become objects of dislike in his eyes, and thinkers, miscreants, because practice is everything, a free play of the mind is nothing.(46) The notion of the free play of the mind upon all subjects being a pleasure in itself, being an object of desire, being an essential provider of elements without which a nation’s spirit, whatever compensations it may have for them, must in the long run, die of emptiness, hardly enters into an Englishman’s thoughts. It is noticeable that the word curiosity, which in other languages is used in a good sense, to mean, as a high and fine quality of man’s nature, just this disinterested love of a free play of the mind on all subjects, for its own sake—it is noticeable, I say, that this word has in our language no sense of the kind, no sense but a rather bad and disparaging one. But criticism, real criticism, is essentially the exercise of this very quality.(47)It obeys an instinct prompting it to try to know the best that is known and thought in the world, irrespectively of practice, politics, and everything of the kind; and to value knowledge and thought as they approach this best, without the intrusion of any other considerations whatever. (48)This is an instinct for which there is, I think, little originalsympathy in the practical English nature, and what there was of it has undergone a long benumbing period of blight and suppression in the epoch of Romanticism.(49)It is of the last importance that English criticism should clearly discern what rule for its course, in order to avail itself of the field now opening to it, and to produce fruit for the future, it ought to take. The rule may be summed up in one word-disinterestedness. And how is criticism to show disinterestedness? By keeping aloof from what is called “the practical view of things”; by resolutely following the law of its own nature, which is to be a free play of the mind on all subjects which it touches. (50)By steadily refusing to lend itself to any of those concealed, political, practical considerations about ideas, which plenty of people will be sure to attach to them, but which criticism has really nothing to do with. Its business is, as I have said, simply to know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas. Its business is to do this with inflexible honesty, with due ability; but its business is to do no more.答案46.对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣，一种愿望，为民族精神提供了赖以生存的重要因素。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题(四)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s)for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.My Space and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, (1) at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social (2) play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave.The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The (3) reported last summer that obesity appeared to (4) from one person to another (5) social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced (6) findings about another major health (7) : smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a person's decision to (8) the habit is strongly affected by (9) other people in their social network quit—even people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually (10) For (11) of their studies, they (12) of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects hadties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass. , many of the participants were (13) somehow—through spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workers—enabling the researchers to study a network that (14) 12,067 people.Taken together, these studies are (15) a growing recognition that many behaviors are (16) by social networks in (17) that have not been fully understood. And (18) may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many (19) , such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even (20) crime.1. [A] so [g] but [C] as [D] although2. [A] resource [B] database [C] communication [D] intranet3. [A] pair [B] sociologists [C] spouse [D] universities4. [A] range [B] differ [C] vary [D] spread5. [A] between [B] among [C] in [D] through6. [A] consequent [B] controversial [C] similar [D] diffident7. [A] issue [B] dispute [C] problem [D] question8. [A] cultivate [B] kick [C] leave [D] tick9. [A] how [B] that [C] what [D] whether10. [A] surprisingly [B] simultaneously [C] spontaneously [D] strongly11. [A] neither [B] none [C] both [D] which12. [A] made a companion [B] took advantage [C] took an attitude[D] had the best13. [A] concerned [B] excluded [C] encouraged [D] connected14. [A] totaled [B] increased [C] summed [D] added15. [A] filling [B] blocking [C] fueling [D] contributing16. [A] swayed [B] deviated [C] bettered [D] deteriorated17. [A] order [B] ways [C] fear [D] case18. [A] it [B] there [C] they [D] if19. [A] reasons [B] keeps [C] good [D] purposes20. [A] banning [B] promoting [C] fighting [D] committingSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1The willingness of doctors at several major medical centers to apologize .to patients for harmful errors is a promising step toward improving the rather disappointing quality of a medical system that kills tens of thousands of innocent patients a year inadvertently.For years, experts have lamented that medical malpractice litigation is an inefficient way to deter lethal or damaging medical errors. What they noticed, simply put it, is that most victims of malpractice never sue, and there is some evidence that many patients who do sue were not harmed by a physician's error but instead suffered an adverse medical outcome that could not have been prevented. The details of what went wrong are often kept secret as part of a settlement agreement.What is needed, many specialists agree, is a system that quickly brings an error to light so that further errors can be headed off and that compensates victims promptly and fairly. Many doctors, unfortunately, have been afraid that admitting and describing their errors would only invite a costly lawsuit.Now, as described by Kevin Sack in The Times, a handful of prominent academic medical centers have adopted a new policy of promptly disclosing errors, offering earnest apologies and providing fair compensation. It appears to satisfy many patients, reduce legal costs and the litigation burden and, in some instances, helps reduce malpractice premiums. Here are some examples from colleges of the United States: at the University of Illinois, of 37 cases where thehospital acknowledged a preventable error and apologized, only one patient filed suit; at the University of Michigan Health System, existing claims and lawsuits dropped from 262 in August 2001 to 83 in August 2007, and legal costs fell by two-thirds.To encourage greater candor, more than 30 states have enacted laws making apologies for medical errors inadmissible in court. That sounds like a sensible step that should be adopted by other states or become federal law. Such laws could help bring more errors to light. Patients who have been harmed by negligent doctors can still sue for malpractice, using other evidence to make their case.Admitting errors is only the first step toward reforming the health care system so that far fewer mistakes are made. But reforms can be more effective if doctors are candid about how they went astray. Patients seem far less angry when they receive an. honest explanation, an apology and prompt, fair compensation for the harm they have suffered.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Doctors' confession of mistakes and apologies help to better medical care.[B] Experts believe it an inefficient way for patients to sue for their livery.[C] Mistreated patients never sue once suffer an unpreventable adverse medical outcome.[D] The details of patients' conditions are often kept secret.22. While many specialties call for a disclosure mechanism, some physicians are worrying about______.[A] exposure to the media[B] describing their mistakes in details[C] compensating victims promptly and fairly[D] involvement in an expensive civil case23. According to Paragraph 5, laws are enacted in more than 30 states ______.[A] to be adopted by other states[B] to become federal law[C] to make apologies for medical misconducts[D] to spark medical practitioners to confess more24. From the last paragraph, we can infer that Doctors should describe the way they made mistakes in order to______.[A] admit malpractices first [B] make less medical mistakes[C] avoid lawsuits [D] be forgiven25. The author's attitude towards doctors' hearty apologies may be summarized as______.[A] skeptical [B] indifferent [C] supportive [D] intolerableText 2Senator Barack Obama likes to joke that the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination has been going on so long, babies have been born, and they' re already walking and talking. That's nothing. The battle between the sciences and the humanities has been going on for so long, its early participants have stopped walking and talking, because they're already dead.It's been some 50 years since the physicist-turned-novelist C. P. Snow delivered his famous "Two Cultures" lecture at the University of Cambridge, in which he decried the "gulf of mutual incomprehension", the "hostility and dislike" that divided the world's "natural scientists", its chemists, engineers, physicists and biologists, from its "literary intellectuals", a group that, by Snow's reckoning, included pretty much everyone who wasn't a scientist. His critique set off a frenzy of desperation that continues to this day, particularly' in the United States, as educators, policymakers and other observers lament the Balkanization of knowledge, the scientific illiteracy of the general public and the chronic academic turf wars that are all too easily lampooned.Yet a few scholars believe that the cultural chasm can be bridged and the sciences and the humanities united into a powerful new discipline that would apply the strengths of both mindsets, the quantitative and qualitative, to a wide array of problems. Among the most ambitious of these exercises in fusion thinking is a program under development at Binghamton University in New York called the New Humanities Initiative.Jointly conceived by David Sloan Wilson, a professor of biology, and Leslie Heywood, a professor of English, the program is intended to build on some of the themes explored in Dr. Wilson's evolutionary studies program, which has proved enormously popular with science and nonscience majors alike, and which he describes in the recently published "Evolution for Everyone". In Dr. Wilson's view, evolutionary biology is a discipline that, to be done right, demands a crossover approach, the capacity to think in narrative and abstract terms simultaneously, so why not use it as a template for emulsifying the two cultures generally? "There are more similarities than differences between the humanities and the sciences, and some of the stereotypes have to be altered," Dr. Wilson said, "Darwin, for example, established his entire evolutionary theory on the basis of his observations of natural history, and most of that information was qualitative, not quantitative. "As he and Dr. Heywood envision the program, courses under the New Humanities rubric would be offered campus-wide, in any number of departments, including history, literature, philosophy, sociology,law and business. The students would be introduced to basicscientific tools like statistics and experimental design and to liberal arts staples like the importance of analyzing specific texts or documents closely, identifying their animating ideas and comparing them with the texts of other immortal minds.26. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topicby______.[A] posing a contrast [B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison [D] explaining a phenomenon27. The word "balkanization" (Line 7, Paragraph 2) most probably means______.[A] ignorance [B] split [C] mistake [D] declination28. According to Paragraph 3, New Humanities Initiative is a program that______.[A] is ambitious enough to create new discipline[B] will gain popularity for Binghamton University[C] can bridge the gap between sciences and human[D] is a combination of sciences and arts29. By citing the example of Darwin, Dr. Wilson intends to show that______.[A] qualitative information is more valuable than quantitative observations[B] it is preferable to take the mutual advantage of science and humanities[C] science has more similarities rather than differences than humanities[D] scientists should base their theory on qualitative information30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Curriculum Designed to Unite Art and Science[B] A Better Scholar who Abandoned Physics for Novel[C] A Disastrous War between Science and Humanities[D] Dr. Wilson's Contribution to the American EducationText 3Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee vented their fury over high gasoline prices at executives of the nation's five largest oil companies on Wednesday, grilling the oilmen over their multimillion-dollar pay packages and warning them that Congress was intent on taking action that could include a new tax on so-called windfall profits. Such showdowns between lawmakers and oil titans have become a familiar routine on Capitol Hill. But with gas prices nearing $ 4 a gallon, and lawmakers headed home for a weeklong Memorial Day recess where they expect to get an earful from angry constituents, there is added urgency for Congress to appear active.But while momentum is building for several measures, including a bill that would allow the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to be sued in American courts under antitrust laws, there is little sign that any of the proposals would do much, if anything, to lower prices quickly. And the oil executives warned that government intervention might only make things worse. Instead, they called on Congress to allow more drilling and exploration for domestic oil.The increasing urgency to seem aggressive about gasoline prices was apparent on Tuesday when the House voted by an overwhelming 324 to 84 to approve the bill, commonly referred to as NOPEC, which classifies OPEC as a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Senate Democrats have included that measure as part of a package of legislation intended to address the high price of gasoline, along with the tax on windfall profits and a measure to tamp down speculation in the oil futures market that many lawmakers think is contributing to the run-up in prices.At the Judiciary Committee hearing, Democratic senators struggled to have the executives explain how oil prices had risen so high. The senators expressed doubt that basic laws of supply and demand were at work and suggested instead a more sinister combination of monopolistic behavior by oil-producing countries, speculation in the futures markets and sheer corporate greed.On Monday, President Bush signed a bill temporarily suspending the purchase of crude oil for the nation's Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Mr. Bush had initially opposed such action but relentedafter the House and Senate approved the bill by wide margins. Senator Richard J. Durbin, Democrat of Illinois and a strong supporter of Senator Baraek Obama's presidential bid, made a particularly pointed attack, in which he seemed to warn the oil executives that they would soon no longer have such a good friend in the White House. He also suggested that Mr. Bush should be doing more to press the oil companies to help lower prices at the pump, while acknowledging that it would be difficult to pass a windfall profits tax while Mr. Bush was still in office.31. Senate Democrats were angry with the oilmen because______.[A] they get tax-free pay packages[B] Congress took on actions but in vain[C] the showdowns were merely a routine[D] oil prices had risen so high32. From the text we can learn that the bill allowing OPEC to be sued under antitrust laws______.[A] handicaps more drilling and exploration for domestic oil[B] is a kind of government intervention that only makes things worse[C] turns out to be less influential to decrease oil pricerapidly[D] is in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act33. The approval of the bill, NOPEC, on Tuesday impliesthat______.[A] it is necessary to impose tax on windfall profits[B] it is urgent to fight against monopoly[C] it is pressing to think much of the ever-increasing oilprices[D] it is important to resort to NOPEC34. According to Democratic senators, which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to soaring oil prices?[A] The basic laws of supply and demand.[B] The monopoly of oil-producing countries.[C] Speculation in the oil futures markets.[D] Oil companies salivating over profits.35. What can we infer form the last paragraph?[A] The nation's Strategic Petroleum Reserve is more than adequate.[B] Democrats argue that greedy oil companies are the key factorof jumping oil price.[C] President Bush used to be reluctant to drag down the oil price.[D] The federal law bans the windfall profits tax in Bush Government.Text 4When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But a growing number of studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often toits long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, "Progress in Brain Research. "Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer's disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latchonto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. "It may be thatdistractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing," said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book."It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind. "For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students."For the young people, it's as if the distraction never happened," said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. "But for older adults, because they've retained all this extra data, they' re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they've soaked up from one situation to another. "Such tendencies can yield big advantages in the real world, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others' yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker's real impact.36. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that______.[A] aging brains tend to process more information simultaneously[B] one becomes forgetful when he gets old[C] older people don't think their brainpower is declining[D] the aged always stress long-term benefit37. Older adults tend to be forgetful because of______.[A] their broader range of attention[B] the harm of Alzheimer's disease[C] their wide information[D] their frustration from limited attention38. The studies mentioned in Paragraph 3 suggest that______.[A] it is advisable for the old to read slowly[B] out-of-place words are never negligible[C] there is nothing that can distract young people[D] old people may be more attentive in face of distractions39. What can we infer form the last paragraph?[A] Old people's forgetfulness turns to be their advantages.[B] The meaning of a point in a memo is changing anytime.[C] Wide attention is actually valuable in daily life.[D] Extra details have impacts on one's focus of attention40. The text intends to tell us that______.[A] a brain with disease is a brain with wisdom[B] an older brain may be a wiser brain[C] brains do deteriorate with age[D] how an older brain processes informationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list [A]-[G] to fill in each numbered box. The first, fourth and the seventh paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.[A] If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, they must certainly be contenders as food for humans. Actually, they are not merely food for people. In human studies, Krill Oil supplementation demonstrates anti-aging characteristics and anti-wrinkle fighting power, supports healthy joints, the heart, lipid and blood sugar levels, energy production, athletic performance and liver function, and eases women's PMS symptoms.[B] No one yet has seriously suggested that "plankton burgers" may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientist.[C] Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently to farm plankton we farm grasses on land. Now, marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea's resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.[D] Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. This creature is very high in food value. Each krill consists of about 15% highquality protein containing vital amino acids and about 3% fat and vitamins. It also supplies minerals such as iron, phosphorus, and calcium. A pond of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are related.[E] The name of plankton is derived from the Greek word("planktos"), meaning "wanderer" or "drifter". Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value, however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea's plankton generates more than twice as much.[F] One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimp like creature called krill. The name comes from a Norwegian term meaning "small fry", and specifically refers to a species of pelagic marine plank tonic crustaceans. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever to inhabit the earth. Realizing that this whale may grow to 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.[G] In view of the distribution of the krill, farming iscertainly difficult, but the 2008 fishing season of krill in the Antarctic Ocean started in February/March. There has been speculation that the harvesting of krill in the Antarctic is decreasing the population too quickly due to global warming. However, the current quota for krill harvesting set down by the industry has not been reached. The danger to the ecosystem of the Antarctic region is therefore not being harmed by the current amount of krill taken from the ocean.[H] Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton, Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. While some forms of plankton are capable of independent movement and can swim up to several hundreds of meters vertically in a single day (a behavior called diel vertical migration), their horizontal position is primarily determined by currents in the body of water they inhabit. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals.Order:Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. (46) Pollution is caused by either the release by man of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.(47)The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, orthe ecological balance as it is also known. (48) Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations.(49)Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. (50)Pollution and waste combine to be a problem every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:An earthquake hit the hometown of one of your friends, Xiao Wang, a week ago. Write a letter to condole with him on the disaster and offer help to him.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Part B52. Directions:Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay of 160-200 words in which you should1) describe the cartoon briefly,2) interpret the phenomenon reflected, and3) give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题(四)答案及解析第一部分英语知识运用二、试题解析1．[答案] B[考点] 逻辑关系[解析] 本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么连词，使前后逻辑关系连贯。

考研英语模拟题（四）及答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ［A］, ［B］, ［C］or ［D］on Answer Sheet 1. (10 points)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school.Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should 4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job.Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 10 prestige. Too many high瞫chool students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 11 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 12 . The prestige that people tend to 13 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life's work.14 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large15 of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious 16 to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 20 .1. ［A］identification ［B］entertainment ［C］accommodation ［D］ occupation2. ［A］however ［B］therefore ［C］though ［D］thereby3. ［A］ entirely ［B］ mainly ［C］ partly ［D］ his4. ［A］since ［B］therefore ［C］furthermore ［D］forever5. ［A］ place ［B］ chance ［C］field ［D］ opening6. ［A］ to ［B］ for ［C］ without ［D］ with7. ［A］ little ［B］ few ［C］ much ［D］ a lot8. ［A］chance ［B］basis ［C］purpose ［D］opportunity9. ［A］ apply ［B］ appeal ［C］ stick ［D］ turn10. ［A］ imagined ［B］ substantial ［C］ acquired ［D］demanded11. ［A］ concerning ［B］ following ［C］ considering ［D］disregarding12. ［A］ preferences ［B］ requirements ［C］ tendencies ［D］ ambitions13. ［A］ contribute［B］ attach ［C］ attribute ［D］ allot14. ［A］ Therefore ［B］ However ［C］ Nevertheless ［D］Moreover15. ［A］ proportion ［B］ part ［C］ quanitity ［D］ batch16. ［A］ proposal ［B］ suggestion ［C］ consideration ［D］appraisal17. ［A］ towards ［B］ against ［C］ out of ［D］ without18. ［A］ knowledge ［B］ satisfaction ［C］ culture ［D］sensitivity19. ［A］ turns ［B］ parts ［C］ choices ［D］ risks20. ［A］awards ［B］requirements ［C］results ［D］needsSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ or ［D］. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)Text 1It is said that people buy contemporary art when they are confident about the future and old art when they are not. Conventional wisdom has it that older art holds its value, while contemporary stuff is for risk-lovers. William Goetzmann, a professor at Yale, estimates that during the last art-market depression, which set in after 1990, impressionist and contemporary works fell by most (51% and 40% respectively), while Old Masters suffered least (down by 16%). Yet despite the ups and downs, contemporary works have been rewarding for those who are prepared to hang on: according to Jianping Mei and Michael Moses, professors at New York University (NYU) since 1970 the returns on contemporary art have far exceeded those on Old Masters and 19th-century paintings.Since the late 1980s, more sophisticated analysis of the art market and a growing interest in alternative investments have spurred the creation of several new investment funds focused on art. At a recent conference organised by one of these, the Fine Art Fund, Rachel Campbell of Maastricht University pointed out the low correlation between returns on art and on those other investments. Given that it usually pays to diversify, that is a good argument for investing in art, whatever your taste. The Fine Art Fund, which began buying this April (and has 36% of its money in cash), advises that investors spread their art allocation fairly evenly between Impressionists, Old Masters, modern art and contemporary works.Contemporary art, in particular, has served rich investors well in the past few years. Prices stayed stable when stock markets fell. Nevertheless, one recent academic study has found a correlation with another asset class: during the last world art boom, in the late 1980s, prices were closely tied to property values, specifically Japanese land prices. After 1990, art and property fell together. Now property prices in several countries are once again at frightening heights.Investing in art will always be a risky business. Works of art by definition belong to different categories; holding periods vary; themarket is illiquid; art yields no income, producing only capital gain or loss; transaction costs are high. As for contemporary art in particular, it is a sobering thought that, according to Mr Moses, each year an average of only two artists emerge whose work increases in value over time. All this speaks against a big commitment to speculating in art; better, maybe, simply to buy what you like, if you can: treat your money, in other words, not asinvested but as consumed.21. By saying that the market is illiquid (Line 2, Para. 4), the author suggests that .［A］ art works seldom lose their value in the market［B］ investment in art does not have guaranteed return of profits［C］ the difficulty to trade art works is obvious and evident ［D］ the art market tends to be responsive to the economic situation22. The Fine Art Fund advise that investors need to spread their art allocation because .［A］ Old Masters always promise a high return of profits［B］ different art works are valued differently in the market ［C］ buying art works is always a good way of investment ［D］ people should be aware of the risks of investment in art23. The returns on contemporary art indicate .［A］ people have come to see the value of contemporary art［B］ the economic prospects are positively assessed［C］there is a growing interest in alternative art investments［D］ investors have learned to spread their art allocation24. We can learn from the text that .［A］ the two NYU professors advise people against buying Old Masters［B］ cautious investors are advised to stay away from the art market［C］ the real estate market is a good indicator of the art market［D］ art investors should not speculate in the art market25. What is the possible attitude of Mr Moses toward investing in contemporary art?［A］ Investors in contemporary art should be more patient.［B］A supplicated analysis of the art market is always a must.［C］ Contemporary art seems to promise greater returns of profits.［D］ It is dangerous to speculate in the contemporary art market.Text 2They have been writers and actors, entertainers and creators. They have won Academy Awards and received critical acclaim. They have graced the covers of magazines.In the arts and entertainment world, women have made a myriad of contributions to what we know as popular culture. Although many female celebrities may be known more for their figures than their talents, women remain more than just pretty faces. Women's History Month promises to take a look back at the influential female lives and legacies that have shaped our society.In this century alone, a number of famous females have made their artistic marks. In the literary world, women such as Sy lvia Plath and Colette composed celebrated works, establishing themselves as creative writers to be reckoned with. Colette, a prolific French novelist, tackled weighty themes such as the woman's struggle for independence. Her catalog of works includes celebrated novels such as Cheri and The Pure and the Impure. Plath, renowned for her suicide as much as for her writing, wrote The Bell Jar as well as a wealth of poetry.Within the realm of fashion, influential designers such as Coco Chanel changed the face of female dressing. The Chanel name has become synonymous with high style. Coco invented the little black dress, perfected a trademark scent-Chanel No. 5-and became famous for her tweed suits and quilted handbags.Hollywood starlets such as Katharine Hepburn transformed the film world. She was known for her portrayal of strong, spirited females in her films, clearly embodying what it means to be an independent woman. As Hepburn once said, "I never realized until lately that women were supposed to be the inferior sex. "The music industry has also seen its share of barrier-breaking female stars. Women such as Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald endure as revered names within the jazz world. Similarly, Joan Baez took the folk music genre by storm. She was one of the most outspoken performers during the social turmoil of the 1960s, establishing herself not only as an acclaimed singer/songwriter but also as an activist for civil rights and nonviolence.Undeniably, women have contributed to our culture in immeasurable ways. From the silver screen to the record-store shelves, the most talented stars exhibit a wealth of creativity, a fan瞱inning charisma and a unique dedication to their respective crafts-and many of them also happen to be female.26. Who may be considered as a feminist writer according to the passage?［A］ Sylvia Plath.［B］ Colettle.［C］ Both Plath and Colette.［D］ Neither Plath nor Colette.27. From the passage, we can learn that Chanel No. 5 is .［A］ a typical style of little black dress［B］ a perfume marketed by Chanel［C］ a high class way of life advocated by Coco［D］ the chanel tweed suits and quilted handbags.28. By saying "women remain more than just pretty faces", the author means .［A］ some women have nothing but pretty faces［B］ beauty for many female celebrities is necessary［C］ some women don't mange to be successful for beauty ［D］ each female celebrity has her own success story29. Joan Baez is called an outspoken performer because she .［A］stunned the world by the message her music expressed［B］ was expressive for her performance on the stage［C］ had to suffer the social turmoil of the 1960s［D］ openly voiced her opinions on the major social issues30. Women's contributions to pop culture areNOT caused by .［A］ their enthusiasm they have toward what they do［B］ the physical appeal they have to the public［C］ their understanding of the importance of pop culture ［D］ the display of their natural talents and giftsText 3Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated; they have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. T oday thedifference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their sense of feeling contended. They doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds.What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear dull gray suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives; so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Haven't the old lost touch with all that is important in life?These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn't been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to the older for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old-if they are prepared to admit it-could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not sinful. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. Theworld is full of uncertainty and tension. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that passed it down?31. Which of the following features in the young is NOT mentioned?［A］ Better educated［B］ More money and freedom.［C］ Greater independence. ［D］ Respect for work.32. What do the young have an attitude for?［A］ The differences between the old and young.［B］ The assumption of the old generation.［C］The emphasis on violence as a solution to social problems.［D］ The social conventions that they are expected to follow.33. Why do the young stress on the present because .［A］ the past is full of sanity that should be done with［B］ the present is more secure than the past［C］ the present world is substantial and sustaining［D］ the present is made up of a glorious heritage34. What can the old learn from the young generation?［A］ Enjoyment is not despicable for what it is［B］ People should have more time for leisure.［C］ It is a blessing that people can learn to enjoy life［D］One should break free of the restrictions that life imposes35. How do the young think about office hours?［A］ They are more painful than enforced slavery［B］ They are happier than enforced slavery［C］ They are almost as painful as enforced slavery［D］ They are the most painful enforced slaveryText 4Researchers are finding that boys and girls really are from two different planets. Experts say boys and girls have different "crisis points", stages in their emotional and social development where things can go very wrong. Until recently, girls got all the attention. But boys are much more likely than girls to have discipline problems at school and to be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Boys far outnumber girls in special-education classes. They're also more likely to commit violent crimes and end up in jail.Even normal boy behavior has come to be considered pathological（病态的）in the wake of the feminist movement. An abundance of physical energy and the urge to conquer－these are normal male characteristics, and in an earlier age they were good things, even essential to survival. "If Huck Finn or Tom Sawyer were alive today," says Michael Gurian, author of The Wonder of Boys, "we'd say they had ADD." He says one of the new insights we're gaining about boys is a very old one: boys will be boys. "They are who they are," says Gurian, "and we need to love them for who they are. Let's not try to rewire them."But what exactly is the essential nature of boys? Even as infants, boys and girls behave differently. A recent study at Children's Hospital in Boston found that boy babies are more emotionally expressive; girls are more reflective. (That means boy babies tend to cry when they're unhappy; girl babies suck their thumbs.) This could indicate that girls are innately more able to control their emotions. Boys have higher levels of testosterone and lower levels of neurotransmitter serotonin(神经传递素), which inhabits aggression(睾丸激素) and impulsivity. That may help explain why more males than females carry throughwith suicide or become alcoholics.There's a struggle between a desire and need for warmth on the one hand and a pull toward independence on the other. Boys are going through what psychologists long ago declared an integral part of growing up: individualization and disconnection from parents, especially mothers. But now some researchers think that process is too abrupt. When boys repress normal feelings like love because of social pressure, says William Pollack, head of the Center for Men at Boston's McLean Hospital, "they've lost contact with the genuine nature of whom they are and what they feel. Boys are in a silent crisis. The only time we notice it is when they pull the trigger."36. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph?［A］ Boys and girls are different.［B］ Boys need more attention than girls.［C］ Girls almost need no help from society.［D］ Boys are more difficult to educate than girls.37. What can be inferred about Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn (Line 4, Para. 2)?［A］ They were more like today's girls than boys.［B］ They suffered Attention Deficit Disorder but were not diagnosed.［C］ They were energetic and conquering.［D］ They had more problems than today's boys.38. The word "rewire" (Line 7, Para. 2) could best be replaced by .［A］restore to a former condition ［B］recognize the worth of［C］ change the nature of ［D］ address the problems of39. Which aspect of the boy瞘irl differences does Para. 3 discuss?［A］ Physiological. ［B］ Psychological. ［C］ Cultural. ［D］Intellectual.40. It is implied in the passage that .［A］ society approves of boys who have tender feelings［B］ society expects boys to be independent［C］ boys take more time to grow up than girls［D］ boys and girls can never receive similar treatmentPart BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.William Lanouette's biography of Leo Szilard, Genius in the Shadows, does more than reveal the life of a brilliant physicist and social activist; it sheds a perceptive light on the role of scientists in public policy. World War II is usually recognized as the coming of age of science in U.S. politics. Albert Einstein had become the world's first science celebrity and a person to whom presidents felt obliged to listen. (41) Bush laid the foundation for a postwar science policy that would put government in the dominant role in funding basic research.What is instructive about Szilard's life, however, is not the political influence of scientists as a group. (42) He believed that scientists should have more influence in policymaking in general-not because of their knowledge but because of their ability tothink rationally. This faith in reason was a weakness in Szilard's political thinking, however, because it prevented him from understanding the emotional forces that must also be taken into account.(43) And although he often used the reputation of his friend Einstein to gain access to decision makers, he believed firmly that it was the power of his ideas that deserved attention. He felt the same way about science. Even as an unemployed and relatively unknown physicist, he expected the giants in the field to respect his ideas if they made sense.(44) He didn't assume that he should be listened to just because he was a brilliant physicist, and he accepted that even the most enlightened thinking had to be promoted vigorously to be influential. Of course, it didn't hurt that he was way ahead of his time in recognizing the threat posed by Hitler, the importance of nuclear weapons, and the problems with nuclear weapons that would arise after the war.(45) First, the most important policies are those that address issues bigger than science itself. Szilard studied and cared deeply about the larger issues of governance, not just the role of science. Second, he understood that his scientific training did not entitle him to influence and that the quality of his thinking did not mean that the world's leaders would come knocking at his door. He knew that to make a difference in the world it is necessary to think broadly; to win support through compelling analysis, not reputation; and to work tirelessly to promote one's ideas.［A］ What Szilard did was to approach public policy with the same vigor, determination, and persistence with which good scientists approach science. What works in advancing science can also work in improving policy.［B］ The key to Szilard's effectiveness and influence was his sense of responsibility for making the world a better place. Once he decided that something should be done, he devoted enormous energy, resourcefulness, and audacity to advancing his proposal.［C］ But Szilard was not expecting to be influential in policy debates just because he was a scientist. An avid newspaper reader, he was extremely well informed about public affairs.［D］ The Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb was an unprecedented federal investment in research, and questions about how to use the insights of nuclear physics for military and civilian purposes brought scientists into direct conversation with the nation's leaders.［E］ Not everything that Szilard advocated was wise; reason sometimes overwhelmed common sense. Still, his life illustrates important lessons for scientists who want to influence public policy.［F］Indeed, it was the scientific hyper-rationality of someone like Szilard that Roald Hoffman had in mind when he questioned why scientists shouldn't run the world.［G］Szilard's efforts to convince the government to develop nuclear weapons and his subsequent campaigns to establish civilian and international control of the power of the atom are an inspiring example of how a determined individual can play a major role in public policy.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)The universities are schools of education, and schools of research. (46) But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research afforded to the members of the faculty.Both these functions could be performed at a cheaper rate, apart from these very expensive institutions. Books are cheap, and the system of apprenticeship is well understood. (47) So far as the mere imparting of information is concerned, no university has had any justification for existence since the popularisation of printing in the fifteenth century. Yet the chief impetus to the foundation of universities came after that date, and in more recent times has even increased.(48) The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence.This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energising as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. (49) It works by drawing the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectualvision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced havefeeble imaginations. Fools act on imagination without knowledge; pedants act on knowledge without imagination. The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.The initial discipline of imagination in its period of youthful vigour requires that there be no responsibility for immediate action. (50) The habit of unbiased thought, whereby the ideal variety of exemplification is discerned in its derivation from general principles, cannot be acquired when there is the daily task of preserving a concrete organisation. You must be free to think rightly and wrongly, and free to appreciate the variousness of the universe undisturbed by its perils.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Six months from now, you will be graduating from the university. For the time being, you are looking for a chance of internship at the Evening Post of the city.1) State your wish to work as an intern with the newspaper;2) Explain what kind of job that you're looking for;3) And State your reasons why you can do the job well.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of theletter, use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2. (20 points)答案Section One DACBC CABCA DBCDA CCBDASection Two CBBCD BBCDC DDCAC CCCAB DGCBE答案精析Section Ⅰ Use of English1. ［答案］D名词辨析。

2021年研究生英语一模拟试卷与答案解析4一、单选题(共30题)1.Manyexpertsbelievethatinthenewworldofartificialintelligen ce（AI）humanbeingswillstillbeneededtodothejobsthatrequirehigher-or dercritical,creative,andinnovativethinkingandthejobsthatreq uirehighemotionalengagementtomeettheneedsofotherhumanbeings .The1formanyofusisthatwedonotexcelatthoseskillsbecauseofour naturalcognitiveandemotionaltendencies:Weareconfirmation-se ekingthinkersandego-affirmation-seekingdefensivereasoners.W ewillneedtoovercomethosetendencies2takeourthinking,listenin g,relating,andcollaboratingskillstoamuchhigherlevel.Thispro cessof3beginswithchangingourdefinitionofwhatitmeansto"besma rt."4,manyofushaveachievedsuccess5being"smarter"thanotherpe opleas6bygradesandtestscores,beginninginourearlydaysinschoo l.AIwillchangethatbecausethereisno7anyhumanbeingcanoutsmart ,8,IBM'sWatson,atleastwithoutaugmentation,Smartmachinescanp rocess,9,andrecallinformationfasterandbetterthanwehumans.10 .AIcanpattern-matchfasterandproduceawiderarrayofalternative sthanwecan.AIcanevenlearnfaster.Inanageofsmartmachines,ouro lddefinitionofwhatmakesapersonsmartdoesn't11.Whatisneededis anewdefinitionofbeingsmart,onethat12higherlevelsofhumanthinkingandemotionalengagement.Thenewsmartwillbedeterminednotby whatorhowyouknow13bythequalityofyourthinking,listening,rela ting,collaborating,andlearning.Quantityis14byquality.Wewill spendmoretimetrainingtobeopen-mindedandlearningtoupdateourb eliefsin15tonewdata.Wewillpractice16afterourmistakes,andwew illinvestmoreintheskillstraditionally17withemotionalintelli gence.Thenewsmartwillbeabouttryingtoovercomethetwobig180fcr iticalthinkingandteamcollaboration:ouregoandourfears.Doings owillmakeiteasiertoperceiverealityasitis,ratherthanaswe19it tobe.Inshort,wewillembracehumility.Thatis20wehumanswilladdv alueinaworldofsmarttechnology.10选？A：HoweverB：ThereforeC：AdditionallyD：Ultimately【答案】：C【解析】：本题考查上下文语义逻辑。

大学英语四级考试全国统一模拟测试考生所在学校考生姓名大学英语四级考试全国统一模拟测试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST—Band Four—试题册注意事项一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡 1 和答题卡 2 上。

将本试卷代号划在答题卡1 上。

二、试卷册、答题卡 1 和答题卡 2 均不得带出考场。

考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、在30 分钟内做完答题卡1 上的作文题。

考生按指令在接着的30 分钟内完成听力理解部分的试题，并在答题卡1 上作答。

然后监考员收取答题卡1，考生在答题卡2 上完成其余部分的试题，全部答题时间为130 分钟，不得拖延时间。

五、考生必须在答题卡上作答，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。

六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案；如多选，则该题无分。

选定答案后，用HB-2B 浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：[A] [B] [C] [D]。

使用其他符号答题者不给分。

划线要有一定的粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

七、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按规定重新答题。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。

若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

大学英语四级考试模拟试题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about a movie that impressed you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)To upgrade its wireless network.B)To improve customers’ experience.C)To develop new products.D)To market more iPhones.2.A)Nationwide.B)Overseas.C)Large cities.D)Remote towns.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)Crop growth.B)Crop pests.1C)Virus.D)Bacteria.4.A) 15%.B) 30%.C) 3%.D) 50%.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Propagating the government’s policies.B)Collecting more social welfare funds.C)Protecting youngsters begging on the streets.D)Rescuing children from military attacks.6.A)Forcing children to beg.B)Renting children to beg.C)Cheating children to beg.D)Making a living as a beggar.7.A)To be jailed and fined.B)To force them to give money to their children.C)To be educated by the authority.D)To be deprived of the rights to vote.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.2A)She has to move.B)She has to live in a hotel.C)She has to live with the man.D)She has to rent her friends’ apartment.9.A)She prefers to live in an old house.B)The water pipes are broken.C)Her friends ask her to go to their house.D)She is going to take mid-term exam.10.A)They can share a bedroom with her.B)They can rent her another house.C)They can help her with the mid-term exam.D)They can share the living room with her.11.A)She doesn’t like kids.B)It’s too far away from the campus.C)She doesn’t like the kids’ parents.D)It will cost her some extra money.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Whether the woman has qualification to graduate next semester.B)The woman wants to delay her graduation date.C)A difficult class the woman must take next semester.D)The new policy on graduation.13.A)To attract more international students to the program.B)To reflect the growing importance of international business.C)To make the graduation for students more difficult.D)To give students a stronger background in management.14.3A)They will not affect the woman’s plans for graduation.B)They will be implemented to all students.C)They will affect the woman’s plans for graduation.D)They will not apply to students in the first or second year.15.A)To help the woman find a job.B)To write a recommendation letter for the woman.C)To show that he can provide more help.D)To emphasize that the woman will need more qualities to graduate.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)It is the first bridge in the world.B)It used to have the longest suspension span.C)It allows 2 billion vehicles to cross every day.D)It has two 1,280 feet tall towers.17.A)From its color.B)From its location.C)From its function.D)From its value.18.A)His suggestion of the color of the bridge was accepted.B)He designed the bridge.C)He suggested that the color should be black and white.D)He published a newspaper article about the bridge.4Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)For helping people develop good cleaning habits.B)For helping a firm popularize an antibacterial cleanser.C)For making known of a new imported product.D)For helping people make their purchase decisions.20.A)A shorter length of course.B)A new practice called FIELD.C)Personal contact with the dean.D)More opportunities of case study.21.A)To help first-year students know each other.B)To find a leader to run the students union.C)To show students the importance of the program.D)To teach students how to cooperate and take feedback.22.A)Work for firms around the world.B)Finish an essay in eight weeks.C)Earn at least 3,000 dollars.D)Set up their own companies.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A)Women tend to put houses in front of everything else.B)Women need a house to gain a sense of security.C)Women are generally more practical than men.D)Women are less likely to save for retirement.24.A)They are more likely to get diseases.B)They are more in need of money at the old age.C)The divorce rate in North America is rather low.5D)They are responsible for raising children.25.A)Invest on real estate properties.B)Put few of it in high-risk investment.C)Put all of it in low-risk investment.D)Invest on their children and husband.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is 26 and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his 27 is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman 28 produces it, and the business of trying it on proceed at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that 29 the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else—he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a 30 bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. ” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I shouldn’t waste my time and yours by trying it on.”6Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the 31 way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look around”. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the salesman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks 32 her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the 33 bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and from, often retracing her steps, before 34 the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but 35 an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.[A]The pitch: Volkswagen promised consumers that its diesel-engine cars were not only fuel efficient but also clean enough to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air-quality standards. American consumers scrambled to get behind the wheel of Volkswagen’s green diesels, which combined high fuel economy, great performance, and the cachet of driving an eco-friendly European vehicle.[B]The hitch: American air-quality standards are very different from those in Europe. European emissions standards are more focused on greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, primarily) and fuel economy, while U.S. standards are aimed at limiting smog and adverse health effects, so they target six principal pollutants, such as particulate matter and carbon monoxide. To span this divide, Volkswagen developed a secret sauce that allowed models to pass the EPA’s test.7[C]The fallout: The secret sauce, it was revealed last year, turned out to be good old-fashioned cheating. Every Volkswagen diesel was equipped with a “defeat device”—software that detected when the car was undergoing emissions testing, says the EPA—that triggered a tightening of the car’s emissions-control system and allowed it to meet emissions standards in the lab. But as soon as the car came off the test treadmill, the engine snapped back to snazzy life, spewing up to 40 times the allowable limit of nitrogen oxide (NOX), which causes respiratory ailments, especially in fragile populations such as the elderly and young children with asthma.[D]The company has fessed up to the cheating, but that didn’t stop the EPA from going after it. In June, Volkswagen agreed to pay up to $14.7 billion to settle claims with dissatisfied car owners and to answer for violations of the Clean Air Act. If the engineers who designed the cheat told themselves they were hurting no one, they were wrong: Harvard and MIT scientists estimate that the added NOX emissions could cause about 60 early deaths in the United States alone.[E]The pitch: Sports stadiums are among the most patriotic places in America. There you might witness a tear-jerking surprise reunion of a soldier just home from Afghanistan with his family, on field reenlistment ceremonies, Air Force flyovers, and more. It’s enough to put a lump in our throats and leave us thanking the individual teams for their commitment to our servicemen and women.[F]The hitch: In 2015, it was revealed that what sports fans had assumed were genuine shows of support for the armed forces by teams in the NFL, the NBA, the NHL, Major League Baseball, and Major League Soccer had actually been business deals designed for profit. It wasn’t that the sports teams had never staged sincere shows of patriotism; however, it’s doubtful the fans would have responded so emotionally to all these spectacles had they understood that many of them were lucrative recruiting advertisements, paid for by the Department of Defense.[G]The fallout: Arizona senators Jeff Flake and John McCain launched an investigation and published a damn ing report on “paid patriotism.” They found that the National Guard, the biggest “advertiser,” had dropped millions on sports teams while simultaneously appealing to Congress for funding to meet a $100 million budget shortfall. (A typical example blasted by the senators: a $20,000 payout to the New York Jets to recognize local Army National Guard 8soldiers as hometown heroes on the video board, as well as Coaches Club access for the recognized soldiers and three guests.) The senators added that the DOD, operating with a “complete lack of internal controls” couldn’t prove that paid patriotism had helped recruitment.[H]It’s certainly easy to be angry with the Department of Defense for wasting money on potentially fruitless advertising. But neither the leagues nor the individual teams should get a pass. After all, they were all too eager to benefit from our emotions.[I]In response to the report, the Department of Defense issued new guidelines that banned paid patriotism. In May, after conducting an audit, the NFL announced it identified $723,734 spent between 2012 and 2015 that “may have been mistakenly applied to appreciation activities rather than recruitment efforts,” which would be returned in full to taxpayers.[J]The pitch: “There is virtuall y no compelling evidence that fast food and sugary drinks cause obesity,” said Steven Blair of Global Energy Balance Network in a video announcing the launch of that scientific research organization. Good health, claimed GEBN, is achieved when an individual balances calories consumed with calories burned.[K]The hitch: GEBN wasn’t exactly an objective source. In 2014, James Hill, PhD, of the University of Colorado had e-mailed Coca-Cola executives: “It is not fair that Coca-Cola is singled out as the No. l vil lain in the obesity world,” Hill wrote. “I want to help your company avoid the image of being a problem in people’s lives.” Coca-Cola contributed $1 million to support the creation of the organization. Hill and Blair gave obesity-related media interviews that put some emphasis on calories out than calories in, without any disclosure of their ties to Coke.[L]The fallout: After a New York Times article exposed the special relationship between Coca-Cola and GEBN, the two parted ways. GEBN soon shut down and returned the $1 million to the company. Coke’s CEO, Muhtar Kent, has acknowledged an “insufficient amount of transparency” and flaws in Coke’s approach to public health. The company’s chief science and health officer retired in the wake of the scandal, and Coke has since rolled out an oversight committee and a sales strategy that focuses on smaller cans and bottles.[M]This may not have been the first time the company has bungled in public health sphere. According to The Times, back in 2001, Coca-Cola sponsored a campaign called “H2No,” in which wait staff at some restaurants were trained to correct diners, troublesome practice of9ordering tap water instead of Coke.36.People can see reunions of soldiers with their families in sports field.37.People are inclined to get mad at the Department of Defense for funding advertisements which have no use in recruitment.38.Europe diversifies from USA in the emission criteria.39.After the implementation of the guideline that forbids paid patriotism, a large amount of money is collected back to citizens.40.Not all of the shows in sports stadiums are faked to be patriotic.41.Workers in GEBN helped Coca-Cola get rid of the reputation of obesity source, since Coca-Cola donates money to help the establishment of GEBN.42.After the scandal, Coca-Cola has switched its marketing strategy to produce smaller size of cola.43.Coca-Cola got stuck in their public image before, for it urged people to drink cola rather than tap water.44.In real life, Volkswagen’s engine releases pollutants which surpass the emission limitation, although it can pass the EPA’s test.45.GEBN argues that it still cannot conclusively prove that sugary drinks will contribute to overweight.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.People decide quickly how trustworthy a stranger is, based on what his face looks like. And experiments show that, regarding any particular individual, they generally come to the same conclusion. There really are, it seems, trustworthy and untrustworthy faces—though, surprisingly, there is little consensus among researchers as to whether someone whose face is deemed devious really is more likely to betray a trust. The perceivably untrustworthy do, however, suffer for their phizogs. And a study published in this month’s Psychological Science 10suggests that in extreme cases—in America at least—this suffering may be fatal.John Wilson and Nicholas Rule, psychologists at the University of Toronto, looked at convicted murderers in the American state of Florida, which retains the death penalty. They selected 371 prisoners on death row and a further 371 who were serving life sentences. To avoid confounding variables, all those chosen were male and were either black or white (no Asians or other ethnic groups). Each sample included 226 white convicts and 145 black ones.A group of 208 volunteers whom Dr. Wilson and Dr. Rule had recruited were then invited to rate photographs of each convict’s face for trustworthiness, on a scale of one to eight, where one was “not at all trustworthy” and eight was “very trustworthy”.The results of all this work revealed that the faces of prisoners who were on death row had an average trustworthiness of 2.76 and that those serving life sentences averaged 2.87. Not a huge difference, but one that was statistically significant (it, or something larger, would have happened by chance less often than one time in 100). That suggests untrustworthy-looking defendants are more likely to face a lethal injection, if convicted, than trustworthy-looking ones.To show that this was not a result of people with untrustworthy faces actually committing more heinous (and therefore death-penalty-worthy) murders, Dr. Wilson and Dr. Rule also looked at the faces of those who had been convicted of murder, sentenced and then acquitted on appeal, usually on the basis of DNA evidence. These innocents, too, had more often been sentenced to death in their original trials if their faces were rated untrustworthy. In Floridian courts, at least, it seems that your face really is your fortune.46.What does the author say about trustworthy and untrustworthy look?A)People can make a right judgment on one’s nature by his or her appearance.B)People with trustworthy faces have a better looking than those with untrustworthy faces.C)Those with trustworthy faces are more likely to keep a trust.D)There is a negative influence on people with untrustworthy faces.47.What does “sentences” (Line 3, Para. 2) mean?A)A grammatical term.B)Death penalty.C)A prison term.D)A period.1148.What have John Wilson and Nicholas Rule found out according to the experiment?A)The chance of untrustworthy faces confronted with death penalty is higher if the sentence was made.B)There is little difference between those on death row and those with life sentences.C)Trustworthy-looking defendants are less likely to be convicted.D)Untrustworthy-looking defendants are more likely to commit crimes.49.What else did John Wilson and Nicholas Rule do to support their findings?A)They studied those innocents with untrustworthy faces who were once convicted by the court.B)They showed the basis of DNA evidence.C)They made a great number of original trials.D)They acquitted on appeal after the court sentenced them to death.50.What is the main purpose of writing the passage?A)To prove that good-looking people may be the winner in every respect.B)To show that ugly-looking people may be the loser in all walks of life.C)To prove that untrustworthy faces may be affected greatly in all daily life.D)To show what trustworthy and untrustworthy faces look like.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Culture shock is used by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include a lot of ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for the peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of good will you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of 12frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way.First, they reject the environmen t which causes the discomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.” When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one’s own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back.51.What does “culture shock” refer to?A)The depression caused by the loss of the cues we know well.B)The way in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life.C)Words, gestures and invitations.D)The peace of mind and effectiveness on these signs.52.What does “props” (Line 3, Para. 2) mean?A)Cue.B)Frustration.C)Property.D)Support.53.Why do foreigners grouse about the host country?A)The ways of the host country are not good.B)The environment causes the discomfort.C)The host country is always strange to those overseas.D)They are affected by culture shock.54.What does the author say about regression?A)It makes them feel everything in hometown is wonderful.B)There are only good things back in home town about real life.13C)It brings about culture shock to those back home.D)It explains the importance of reality.55.What is the author’s attitude towards culture shock?A)It is treatable.B)It should be attached great importance to.C)It is known well by people.D)It may long to be back.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.长城是中国也是世界上修建时间最长、工程最大的一项古代防御工程（defense works）。

2021年考研英语模拟阅读四Passage Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors whosaid that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with highblood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But thepro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.1. All boys and girls in large families knowthat .A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB) people tend to be together more than they used to beC) a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD) Railway leads the world to peace2. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the followingexcept .A) the railway enables people travel fastB) the railway brings comfort to peopleC) the railway makes the world peacefulD) the railway leads the world to war as well.3. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but .A) tunnels are dangerous to public healthB) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nervesC) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungsD) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die4. We may safely conclude that .A) the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB) the author belongs to the for-railway groupC) the author speaks highly of the railwayD) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers5. What is the tone of this passage?A)PracticalB)SatiricalC)HumorousD)ExaggeratedAnswer1.C2.D3.D4.A5.C。