2017年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题

2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on American s’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author beli eves that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the pro tection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s G DP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole meas ure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their consti tuents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informat ion about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment bygovernment—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step fo rward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] wa s contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmou th, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed theirbackground. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced D ickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his l abor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dic hens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English languageteaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “L i Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of【答案】[A] in the face of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains。

2015 年全国硕士研究生入学一致考试英语一试题Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]or [D] onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 astudy published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings ofthe NationalAcademy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends andunrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so toa geneticist. AsJames Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourthcousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genesfor immunity. Whythis similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests,it draws us tosimilar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us inchoosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkablefindings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this couldhelp 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment beinga major 17The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds,say theresearchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to 20that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data tocheck ancestry of subjects.Section II Reading Comprehension1、What2、Concluded223、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、 Perhaps11、 To12、 Drive13、 Ratherthan14、 Benefits15、 Faster16、 understand17、 Contributory18、 Tendency19、 Ethnic20、 see23Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)原标题： 2015 年考研英语一真题答案（完好版）TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandalsand the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and standdown. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days Does thatmean the writing is onthe wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestylesThe Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularlypolarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embodya spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. Andso, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (notcounting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royalfamilies have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial butrespected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, theirvery history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges andinequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and theincreasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should stillbe the symbolicheart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesseshave day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthyfamilies who party withthe international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, itis the Britishroyals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.24It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled)granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyleand a prettyhierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largelysurvived because theyprovide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as Englishhistory shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21.According to the first two graphs, King Juan Carlos ofSpain [A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22.Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23.Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to graph4 [A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.2524.The British royals have most to fear because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25.Which of the following is the best title of the text[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.22.C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23.A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24.B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25.D Carlos, a lesson for all MonarchiesTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data The Supreme Court will now consider whetherpolice can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or arounda person duringan arrest.26California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one thatupsets the oldassumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard,the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications arediscernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers anddefendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vaststorehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled thatpolice dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arresteewithout a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone maycontain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recentcorrespondence. The development of cloud computing. meanwhile, has made that exploration so much theeasier.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimesdemands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosionand accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment ofautomobile use as a digitalnecessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personaldomain of thepassenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimateto [A] search for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of[A]tolerance.27[B]indifference.[C]disapproval.[D]cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring ones phone content is combleto [A] getting into ones residence.[B] handing ones historical records.[C] scanning ones correspondences.[D] going through ones wallet.29.In graph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action. [C]phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.2826.28.A getting into ones residence29. D citizens privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of theconstitution Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announcedtoday. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysisare contributing to the Published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes McNutt inan editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts toa statistics boardof reviewing Manut will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journals editors, or by its existing Board ofReviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatisticsboardwas motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientificresearch and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.Giovanni Parmigiani ， a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a mr of theSBoRE group, sayshe expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed to join because he foundthe foresight behindthe establishment of the SBoREto be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will notonly be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places thatmay want to model their approach after Science.John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome stepforwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical review ， and this damages the quality of what theypublish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential thanexpert review,he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal ofthe American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.29Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly commonin published research ，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, hewrote in 2012， but journals should also take a tougher line ， engaging reviewers who are statistically literate andeditors who can verify the process.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has somemerit ，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyinthe first place.31. It can be learned from graph I that[A]Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32.The phrase flagged up (.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Sciences circulation.[D]set an example for other journals3034.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now35.Which of the following is the best title of the text A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers B.Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect C.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors Desks D.Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33.D set an example for other journals34.C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersText4Two years ago. Rupert Murdochs daughter, spoke at the unsettling dearth of integrity acrossso many of ourcollapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the mechanismin society shouldbe profit and themarket we the people who create the society we want, not profit.31Driving her point home, she continuedIts increasingly absence of purpose， of a moral language with ingovernment, could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom. This same absence ofmoral purpose was wounding companies, such as International, she thought, making it more likely that it wouldfore had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, forconspiring to hack phones, and finding the predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the widedearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This ishacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of theWorld in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking butthe terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knewof what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how thestories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In todays world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountablefor what happens inthe organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrinehas been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have matteredare efficiency,flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality andaccountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, tobe fair in what waswritten or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulationand impact. MsBrooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, butshe asked noquestions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.36.Accordign to the first two graphs, Elisabeth was upset by(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B) companies financial loss due to immoral practices(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.3237.It can be inferred from graph 3 that(A)Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B)more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C)Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D)phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes that Rebekah Brookss defence(A)revealed a cunning personality.(B)centered on trivial issues.(C)was hardly convincing.(D) was part of a conspiracy.39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A) generally distorted values.(B)unfair wealth distribution.(C)a marginalized lifestyle.(D)a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last graph(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B)Common humanity is central to news reporting.33(C)Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D)Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.36.A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37.Bmore journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38.C was hardly convincing39.A generally distorted values40.C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart BIn the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose themost suitable onefrom the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do notfit in any ofthe blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings forindividual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of Englishgrammar.(41) You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions aboutwhat kind ofspeech event is involved.Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension toconsist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You inferinformation you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specificevidence and clues.(42)Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is inquestion is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or true meaning that can be read off andchecked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to theworld.(43)Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44)34This doesnt, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers fromdifferent historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of thesame words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about textscan play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)Suchdimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bringan implicit(oftenunacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesnt then necessarily follow that one kindof reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading informeach other, and actas useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the readingcomponent of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given courseReading it simply for pleasure Skimming it for information Ways of reading on a train or inbed are likely todiffer considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, ageand social class willencourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presentedin the context.On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well aspossible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, imageor referencemight have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, orabout itsvalidity-inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitablybe far lessresponsible.[F]In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily asmouthpieces for the authors own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual andcontextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a texts formal structures(so35especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, beliefand attitude thatwe bring to the text.Part CRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Your translationshould be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tideof emigration-onethe great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement,driven by powerfuland diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny ofan uncharted continent.(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with theirvaried ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups ofEnglishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted totransplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar toAmerica, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficultyof maintainingold-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at firstscarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembledEuropean society in manyways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed theAtlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In themeantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America.These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the shipsstorms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew thevessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorderof events, The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.Thecolonists first glimpseof the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real36treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46）在多种强盛的动机驱动下，此次运动在一片荒原上建起了一个国家，其自己塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt ofhugs 6 the participants' susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（后叶催产素）, often called"the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment inrelationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A]Besides [B]Unlike [C]Throughout [D]Despite2.[A]equal [B]restricted [C]connected [D]inferior3.[A]view [B]host [C]lesson [D]choice4.[A]avoid [B]forget [C]recall [D]keep5.[A]collecting [B]affecting [C]guiding [D]involving6.[A]on [B]in [C]at [D]of7.[A]devoted [B]attracted [C]lost [D]exposed8.[A]along [B]across [C]down [D]out9.[A]imagined [B]denied [C]doubted [D]calculated10.[A]served [B]restored [C]explained [D]required11.[A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even12.[A]defeats [B]symptoms [C]errors [D]tests13.[A]highlighted [B]increased [C]controlled [D]minimized14.[A]presented [B]equipped [C]associated [D]compared15.[A]assess [B]generate [C]moderate [D]record16. [A]in the name of[B] in the form of[C] in the face of[D] in the way of17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until19.[A]remains[B]emerges[C]vanishes[D]decreases20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengersmust pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or itsholiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a livingculture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesiansto Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy_[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and miss things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western World, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so so well, then why did over 17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvement for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDR over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society; income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental equality or education outcomes -all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymaker who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best??for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requireswill-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if itinvolves[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from amore respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)u t even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)i s analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to&10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.46、But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that theglobal predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.(47)i s analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.(48)m any countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.(49)T he changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.(50)It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.Section III WritingPart A51.directionYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australiaprofessor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "li ming"insteadDo not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should1)describe the pictures briefly.2)interpret the meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding"yes!"___1__ helping you feel close and__2___to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you__4___getting sick this winter.In a recent study___5__over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs___6__the participants'susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being ___7__to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come___8__ with a cold,and the researchers__9___that the stress-reducing effects of hugging___10__about 32percent of that beneficial effect.___11__among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe__12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the___13__risk for colds that's usually __14___with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and helps__15___the feeling that others are there to help___16__difficulty."Some experts___17__the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（后叶催产素）,often called"the bonding hormone"__18___it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it___19__in the brain,where it__20___mood,behavior and physiology.注：红色为答案1.[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite介词辨析。

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling thatothers are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（后叶催产素）, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1. [A]Besides [B]Unlike [C]Throughout [D]Despite2. [A]equal [B]restricted [C]connected [D]inferior3. [A]view [B]host [C]lesson [D]choice4. [A]avoid [B]forget [C]recall [D]keep5. [A]collecting [B]affecting [C]guiding [D]involving6. [A]on [B]in [C]at [D]of7. [A]devoted [B]attracted [C]lost [D]exposed8. [A]along [B]across [C]down [D]out9. [A]imagined [B]denied [C]doubted [D]calculated10. [A]served [B]restored [C]explained [D]required11. [A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even12. [A]defeats [B]symptoms [C]errors [D]tests13. [A]highlighted [B]increased [C]controlled [D]minimized14. [A]presented [B]equipped [C]associated [D]compared15. [A]assess [B]generate [C]moderate [D]record16. [A]in the name of [B] in the form of [C] in the face of [D] in the way of17.[A]attribute [B]commit [C]transfer [D]return18.[A]unless [B]because [C]though [D]until19.[A]remains [B]emerges [C]vanishes [D]decreases20.[A]experiences [B]combines [C]justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours —this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragicreminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons —both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time foreveryone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to____[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited”(Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to____[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is____[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck –a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn ofcivilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates____[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to____[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because____[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy____[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of____[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and miss things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western World, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so so well, then why did over17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvement for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDR over 40 different sets of criteria from health, educationand civil society engagement have been measured to get a morerounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society; income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental equality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymaker who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_____[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that____[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that____[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best??for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and “unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and “nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simplyarranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requireswill-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society –that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that thecourt____[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves____[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are__[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to___[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is____[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in TheEvening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the sametime, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study issignificant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.46、But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.Section III WritingPart A51.directionYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "li ming"instead Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should1) describe the pictures briefly.2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2017考研英语一真题答案及其解析1. A 介词辨析。

2017年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼀)试题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty." Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 【答案】[B] Besides 2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 【答案】[A] connected 3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 【答案】[D] host 4.[A ]recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep 【答案】[C] avoid 5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 【答案】[B] involving 6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on 【答案】[D] on 7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 【答案】[B] exposed 8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 【答案】[C] down 9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined 【答案】[A] calculated 10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained 【答案】[D] explained 11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus 【答案】[A] Even 12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors 【答案】[B] symptoms 13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased 14.[A] equipped B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated 15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record 【答案】[C] generate 16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of 【答案】[A] in the face of 17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return 【答案】[C] attribute 18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until 【答案】[A] because 19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases 【答案】[C] remains 20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences 【答案】[D]influences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people inthe PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports. [C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. [D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection. 【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. 22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travelers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks. 【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers. 23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to [A] faster. [B] quieter. [C] wider. [D] cheaper. 【答案】[A] faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] A dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] Its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] The government's reluctance to back it. [D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes 【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution Text 2 "The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones w i l l b e r e m o v e d a t t h e e n d o f t h e i r l i f e t i m e s a n d t h e i r s i t e s r e t u r n e d t o a n a t u r a l s t a t e . T h e r e i s n o r e a s o n w h y e v e r y o n e c a n n o t b e w e l c o m e d o n M a u n a K e a t o e m b r a c e t h e i r c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e a n d t o s t u d y t h e s t a r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 2 6 . ? Q u e e n L i l i u o k a l a n i ' s r e m a r k i n P a r a g r a p h 1 i n d i c a t e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t s c o n s e r v a t i v e v i e w o n t h e h i s t o r i c a l r o l e o f a s t r o n o m y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 [ B ] t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e r e g r e t t a b l e d e c l i n e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t t i m e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] h e r a p p r e c i a t i o n o f s t a r w a t c h e r s ' f e a t s i n h e r t i m e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 2 7 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? M a u n a K e a i s d e e m e d a s a n i d e a l a s t r o n o m i c a l s i t e d u e t o / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t s g e o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 [ B ] i t s p r o t e c t i v e s u r r o u n d i n g s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] i t s r e l ig i o u s i m p l i c a t i o n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 0 0 [ D ] i t s e x i s t i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 17 4 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] i t s g e o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 2 8 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e T M T i s o p p o s e d b y s o m e l o c a l s p a r t l y b e c a u s e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t m a y r i s k r u i n i n g t h e i r i n t e l l e c t u a l l i f e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] i t r e m i n d s t h e m o f a h u m i l i a t i n g h i s t o r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e i r c u l t u r e w i l l l o s e a c h a n c e o f r e v i v a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] t h e y f e a r l o s i n g c o n t r o l o f M a u n a K e a . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] i t r e m i n d s t h e m o f a h u m i l i a t i n g h i s t o r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 2 9 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m P a r a g r a p h 5 t h a t p r o g r e s s i n t o d a y ' s a s t r o n o m y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 [ A ] i s f u l f i l l i n g t h e d r e a m s o f a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 [ B ] h e l p s s p r e a d H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e a c r o s s t h e w o r l d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 [ C ] m a y u n c o v e r t h e o r i g i n o f H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 [ D ] w i l l e v e n t u a l l y s o f t e n H a w a i i a n s ' h o s t i l i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = "1 8 6 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] m a y u n c o v e r t h e o r i g i n o f H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > 0 0 3 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d c h o o s i n g M a u n a K e a a s t h e T M T s i t e i s o n e o f / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] s e v e r e c r i t i c i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] p a s s i v e a c c e p t a n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] s l i g h t h e s i t a n c y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] f u l l a p p r o v a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 92 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] f u l l a p p r o v a l . 0 0 T e x t3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y o n c e s a i d t h a t a c o u n t r y ' s G D P m e a s u r e s " e v e r y t h i n g e x c e p t t h a t w h i c h m a k e s l i f e w o r t h w h i l e . " W i t h B r i t a i n v o t i n g t o l e a v e t h e E u r o p e a n U n i o n , a n d G D P a l r e a d y p r e d i c t e d t o s l o wa s a r e s u l t , i t i s n o w a t i m e l y m o m e n t t o a s s e s s w h a t h e w a s r e f e r r i n g t o . / p > pb d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " >0 0 T h e q u e s t i o n o f G D P a n d i t s u s e f u l n e s s h a s a n n o y e d p o l i c y m a k e r s f o r o v e r h a l f a c e n t u ry . M a n y a r g u e t h a t i t i s a f l a w e d c o n c e p t . I t m e a s u r e s t h i n g s t h a t d o n o t m a t t e r a n d m i s s e s t h i n g s t h a t d o . B y m o s t r e c e n t m e a s u r e s , t h e U K ' s G D P h a s b e e n t h e e n v y o f t h e W e s t e r n w o r l d , w i t h r e c o r d l o w u n e m p l o y m e n t a n d h i g h g r o w t h f i g u r e s . I f e v e r y t h i n g w a s g o i n g s o w e l l , t h e n w h y d i d o v e r 1 7 m i l l i o n p e o p l e v o t e f o r B r e x i t , d e s p i t e t h e w a r n i n g s a b o u t w h a t i t c o u l d d o t o t h e i r c o u n t r y ' s e c o n o m i c p r o s p e c t s ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 A r e c e n t a n n u a l s t u d y o f c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e i r a b i l i t y t o c o n v e r t g r o w t h i n t o w e l l - b e i n g s h e d s s o m e l i g h t o n t h a t q u e s t i o n . A c r o s s t h e 1 6 3 c o u n t r i e s m e a s u r e d , t h e U K i s o n e o f t h e p o o r e s t p e r f o r m e r s i n e n s u r i n g t h a t e c o n o m i c g r o w t h i s t r a n s l a t e d i n t o m e a n i n g f u l i m p r o v e m e n t s f o r i t s c i t i z e n s . R a t h e r t h a n j u s t f o c u s i n g o n G D P , o v e r 4 0 d i f f e r e n t s e t s o f c r i t e r i a f r o m h e a l t h , e d u c a t i o n a n d c i v i l s o c i e t y e n g a g e m e n t h a v e b e e n m e a s u r e d t o g e t a m o r e r o u n d e d a s s e s s m e n t o f h o w c o u n t r i e s a r e p e r f o r m i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 W h i l e a l l o f t h e s e c o u n t r i e s f a c e t h e i r o w n c h a l l e n g e s , t h e r e a r e a n u m b e r o f c o n s i s t e n t t h e m e s . Y e s , t h e r e h a s b e e n a b u d d i n g e c o n o m i c r e c o v e r y s i n c e t h e 2 0 0 8 g l o b a l c r a s h , b u t i n k e y i n d i c a t o r s i n a r e a s s u c h a s h e a l t h a n d e d u c a t i o n , m a j o r e c o n o m i e s h a v e c o n t i n u e d t o d e c l i n e . Y e t t h i s i s n ' t t h e c a s e w i t h a l l c o u n t r i e s . S o m e r e l a t i v e l y p o o r E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e s h a v e s e e n h u g e i m p r o v e m e n t s a c r o s s m e a s u r e s i n c l u d i n g c i v i l s o c i e t y , i n c o m e e q u a l i t y a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 T h i s i s a l e s s o n t h a t r i c h c o u n t r i e s c a n l e a r n : W h e n G D P i s n o l o n g e r r e g a r d e d a s t h e s o l e m e a s u r e o f a c o u n t r y ' s s u c c e s s , t h e w o r l d l o o k s v e r y d i f f e r e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 S o , w h a t K e n n e d y w a s r e f e r r i n g t o w a s t h a t w h i l e G D P h a s b e e n t h e m o s t c o m m o n m e t h o d f o r m e a s u r i n g t h e e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t y o f n a t i o n s , a s a m e a s u r e , i t i s n o l o n g e r e n o u g h . I t d o e s n o t i n c l u d e i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r s s u c h a s e n v i r o n m e n t a l q u a l i t y o r e d u c a t i o n o u t c o m e s - a l l t h i n g s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t o a p e r s o n ' s s e n s e o f w e l l - b e i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 0 0 T h e s h a r p h i t t o g r o w t h p r e d i c t e d a r o u n d t h e w o r l d a n d i n t h e U K c o u l d l e a d t o a d e c l i n e i n t h e e v e r y d a y s e r v i c e s w e d e p e n d o n f o r o u r w e l l - b e i n g a n d f o r g r o w t h . B u t p o l i c y m a k e r s w h o r e f o c u s e f f o r t s o n i m p r o v i n g w e l l - b e i n g r a t h e r t h a n s i m p l y w o r r y i n g a b o u t G D P f i g u r e s c o u l d a v o i d t h e f o r e c a s t e d d o o m a n d m a y e v e n s e e p r o g r e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > 0 0 3 1 . R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y i s c i t e d b e c a u s e h e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] p r a i s e d t h e U K f o r i t s G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] i d e n t i f i e d G D P w i t h h a p p i n e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 0 0 [ C ] m i s i n t e r p r e t e d t h e r o l e o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > 0 0 3 2 . I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m P a r a g r a p h 2 t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s r e l u c t a n t t o r e m o l d i t s e c o n o m i c p a t t e r n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e U K w i l l c o n t r i b u t e l e s s t o t h e w o r l d e c o n o m y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 [ D ] p o l i c y m a k e r s i n t h e U K a r e p a y i n g l e s s a t t e n t i o n t o G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > 0 0 3 3 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a b o u t t h e r e c e n t a n n u a l s t u d y ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] I t i s s p o n s o r e d b y 1 6 3 c o u n t r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] I t e x c l u d e s G D P a s a n i n d i c a t o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] I t s c r i t e r i a a r e q u e s t i o n a b l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 0 0 3 4 . I n t h e l a s t t w o p a r a g r a p h s , t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s p r e p a r i n g f o r a n e c o n o m i c b o o m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > 0 0 [ B ] h i g h G D P f o r e s h a d o w s a n e c o n o m i c d e c l i n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > 0 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > 0 0 [ D ] i t r e q u i r e s c a u t i o n t o h a n d l e e c o n o m i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > 0 0 3 5 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t h e b e s t t i t l e f o r t h e t e x t ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > 0 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P F i g u r e s , a W i n d o w o n G l o b a l E c o n o m i c H e a l t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 0 0 [ C ] R e b o r t F . K e n n e d y , a T e r m i n a t o r o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > 0 0 [ D ] B r e x i t , t h e U K ' s G a t e w a y t o W e l l - b e i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 0 0 T e x t 4 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 1 " > 0 0 I n a r a r e u n a n i m o u s r u l i n g , t h e U S S u p r e m e C o u r t h a s o v e r t u r n e d t h e c o r r u p t i o n c o n v i c t i o n o f a f o r m e r V i r g i n i a g o v e r n o r , R o b e r t M c D o n n e l l . B u t i t d i d s o w h i l e h o l d i n g i t s n o s e a t t h e e t h i c s o f h i s c o n d u c t , w h i c h i n c l u d e d a c c e p t i n g g i f t s s u c h a s a R o le x w a t c h a n d a F e r r a r i a u t o m o b i l ef r o m a c o m p a n y s e e k i ng a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 3 2 " > 0 0 T h e h igh c o u r t ' s d e ci s i o n s a i d t h ej u d g e i n M r . M c D o n n e l l ' s t r i a l f a i l e d t o t e l l a j u r y t h a t i t m u s t l o ok o nl y a t h i s " o f f i c i a l a c t s , " o r t h e f o rm e r g o v e rno r ' s d e c i s i o n s o n " sp e c i f i c " a n d " u n s e t t l e d " i s s u e s r e l a t e d t o h i s d u t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 3 " > 0 0 M e r e l y h e l p i n g a g i f t - g i v e r g a i n a c c e s s t o o t h e r o f f i c i a l s , u n l e s s d o n e w i t h c l e a r i n t e n t t o p r e s s u r e t h o s e o f f i c i a l s , i s n o t c o r r u p t i o n , t h e j u s t i c e s f o u n d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 4 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t d i d s u g g e s t t h a t a c c e p t i n g f a v o r s i n r e t u r n f o r o p e n i n g d o o r s i s " d i s t a s t e f u l " a n d " n a s t y . " B u t u n d e r a n t i - b r i b e r y l a w s , p r o o f m u s t b e m a d e o f c o n c r e t e b e n e f i t s , s u c h a s a p p r o v a l o f a c o n t r a c t o r r e g u l a t i o n . S i m p l y a r r a n g i n g a m e e t i n g , m a k i n g a p h o n e c a l l , o r h o s t i n g a n e v e n t i s n o t a n " o f f i c i a l a c t " . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 5 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s l e g a l l y s o u n d i n d e f i n i n g a k i n do f f a v o r i t i s m t h a t i s n o t c r i m i n a l . E l e c t e d l e a d e r s m u s t b e a l l o w e d t o h e l p s u p p o r t e r s d e a l w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c p r o b l e m s w i t h o u t f e a r o f p r o s e c u t i o n f o r b r i b e r y . " T h e b a s i c c o m p a c t u n d e r l y i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g o v e r n m e n t , " w r o t e C h i e f J u s t i c e J o h n R o b e r t s f o r t h e c o u r t , " a s s u m e s t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s w i l l h e a r f r o m t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s a n d a c t o n t h e i r c o n c e r n s . " / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 6 " > 0 0 B u t t h e r u l i n g r e i n f o r c e s t h e n e e d f o r c i t i z e n s a n d t h e i r e l e c t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , n o t t h e c o u r t s , t o e n s u r e e q u a l i t y o f a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . O f f i c i a l s m u s t n o t b e a l l o w e d t o p l a y f a v o r i t e s i n p r o v i d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n o r i n a r r a n g i n g m e e t i n g s s i m p l y b e c a u s e a n i n d i v i d u a l o r g r o u p p r o v i d e s a c a m p a i g n d o n a t i o n o r a p e r s o n a l g i f t . T h i s t y p e o f i n t e g r i t y r e q u i r e s w e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a r e n c y , s u c h a s r e c o r d s o f o f f i c i a l m e e t i n g s , r u l e s o n l o b b y i n g , a n d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t e a c h e l e c t e d l e a d e r ' s s o u r c e o f w e a l t h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 7 " > 0 0 F a v o r i t i s m i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s c a n f a n p u b l i c p e r c e p t i o n s o f c o r r u p t i o n . B u t i t i s n o t a l w a y s c o r r u p t i o n . R a t h e r o f f i c i a l s m u s t a v o i d d o u b l e s t a n d a r d s , o r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f a c c e s s f o r a v e r a g e p e o p l e a n d t h e w e a l t h y . I f c o n n e c t i o n s c a n b e b o u g h t , a b a s i c p r e m i s e o f d e m o c r a t i c s o c i e t y - t h a t a l l a r e e q u a l i n t r e a t m e n t b y g o v e r n m e n t - i s u n d e r m i n e d . G o o d g o v e r n a n c e r e s t s o n a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e i n h e r e n t w o r t h o f e a c h i n d i v i d u a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 8 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s a s t e p f o r w a r d i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t b o t h c o r r u p t i o n a n d o f f i c i a l f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 9 " > 0 0 3 6 . T h e u n d e r m i n e d s e n t e n c e ( P a r a . 1 ) m o s t p r o b a b l y s h o w s t h a t t h e c o u r t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 0 " > 0 0 [ A ] a v o i d e d d e f i n i n g t h e e x t e n t o f M c D o n n e l l ' s d u t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 1 " > 0 0 [ B ] m a d e n o c o m p r o m i s e i n c o n v i c t i n g M c D o n n e l l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 3 " > 0 0 [ D ] r e f u s e d t o c o m m e n t o n M c D o n n e l l ' s e t h i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 4 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 5 " > 0 0 3 7 . A c c o r d i n g t o P a r a g r a p h 4 , a n o f f i c i a l a c t i s d e e m e d c o r r u p t i v e o n l y i f i t i n v o l v e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 6 " > 00 [ A ] l e a k i n g s e c r e t s i n t e n t i o n a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] s i z a b l e g a i n s i n t h e f o r m o f gi f t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t - g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] b r e a k i n g c o n t r a c t s o f f i c i a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 0 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t -g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 1 " > 0 0 3 8 . T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s b a s e d o n t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s a r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 2 " > 0 0 [ A ] j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 3 " > 0 0 [ B ] q u a l i f i e d t o d e a l i n d e p e n d e n t l y w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 4 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w e d t o f o c u s o n t h e c o n c e r n s o f t h e i r s u p p o r t e r s . / p > p b d s f id = " 2 5 5 " > 0 0 [ D ]e x e m p tf r o m c o n v i c t i o n o n t h e c h a rg e o f f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 6 " > 00 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 7 " > 0 0 3 9 . W e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a r e n c y a r e n e e d e d t o / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] a w a k e n t h e c o n s c i e n c e o f o f f i c i a l s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] g u a r a n t e e f a i r p l a y i n o f fi c i a l a c c e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w f o r c e r t a i n k i n d s o f l o b b y i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 26 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] i n s p i r e h o p e s i n a v e r a g e p e o p l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 2 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] g u a r a n t e e fa i r p l a y i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s . / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 6 3 " > 0 0 4 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h ec o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 6 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] s a r c a s t i c . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 5 " > 0 0 [ B ] t o le r a n t . / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 6 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] s ke p t i c a l . / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 6 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 8 " >0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e 0 0 P a r t B / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 9 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 0 " >0 0 T h e f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h s a r e g i v e n i n a w r o n g o r d e r . F o r Q u e s t i o n s 4 1 - 4 5 , y o u a r e r e q ui r e d t o r e o r g a n i z e t h e s e p a r a g r a p h s i n t o a c o h e r e n t a r t i c l e b y c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e l i s t A - G t o f i l l i n g t h e m i n t o t h e n u m b e r e d b o x . P a r a g r a p h s B a n d D h a v e b e e n c o r r e c t l y p l a c e d . M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T . ( 1 0 p o i n t s ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] T h e f i r s t p u b l i s h e d s k e t c h , " A D i n n e r a t P o p l a r W a l k " b r o u g h t t e a r s t o D i c k e n s ' s e y e s w h e n h e d i s c o v e r e d i t i n t h e p a g e s o f T h e M o n t h l y M a g a z i n e . F r o m t h e n o n h i s s k e t c h e s , w h i c h a p p e a r e d u n d e r t h e p e n n a m e " B o z " i n T h e E v e n i n g C h r o n i c l e , e a r n e d h i m a m o d e s t r e p u t a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] T h e r u n a w a y s u c c e s s o f T h e P i c k w i c k P a p e r s , a s i t i s g e n e r a l l y k n o w n t o d a y , s e c u r e d D i c k e n s ' s f a m e . T h e r e w e r e P i c k w i c k c o a t s a n d P i c k w i c k c i g a r s , a n d t h e p l u m p , s p e c t a c l e d h e r o , S a m u e l P i c k w i c k , b e c a m e a n a t i o n a l f i g u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 3 " > 0 0 [ C ] S o o n a f t e r S k e t c h e s b y B o z a p p e a r e d , a p u b l i s h i n g f i r m a p p r o a c h e d D i c k e n s t o w r i t e a s t o r y i n m o n t h l y i n s t a l l m e n t s , a s a b a c k d r o p f o r a s e r i e s o f w o o d c u t s b y t h e t e n - f a m o u s a r t i s t R o b e r t S e y m o u r , w h o h a d o r i g i n a t e d t h e i d e a f o r t h e s t o r y . W i t h c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c o n f i d e n c e , D i c k e n s s u c c e s s f u l l y i n s i s t e d t h a t S e y m o u r ' s p i c t u r e s i l l u s t r a t e h i s o w n s t o r y i n s t e a d . A f t e r t h e f i r s t i n s t a l l m e n t , D i c k e n s w r o t e t o t h e a r t i s t a n d a s k e d h i m t o c o r r e c t a d r a w i n g D i c k e n s f e l t w a s n o t f a i t h f u l e n o u g h t o h i s p r o s e . S e y m o u r m a d e t h e c h a n g e , w e n t i n t o h i s b a c k y a r d , a n d e x p r e s s e d h i s d i s p l e a s u r e b y c o m m i t t i n g s u i c i d e . D i c k e n s a n d h i s p u b l i s h e r s s i m p l y p r e s s e d o n w i t h a n e w a r t i s t . T h e c o m i c n o v e l , T h e P o s t h u m o u s P a p e r s o f t h e P i c k w i c k C l u b , a p p e a r e d s e r i a l l y i n 1 8 3 6 a n d 1 8 3 7 , a n d w a s f i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n b o o k f o r m i n 1 8 3 7 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] C h a r l e s D i c k e n s i s p r o b a b l y t h e b e s t - k n o w n a n d , t o m a n y p e o p l e , t h e g r e a t e s t E n g l i s h n o v e l i s t o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y . A m o r a l i s t , s a t i r i s t , a n d s o c i a l r e f o r m e r .D i c k e n s c r a f t e d c o m p l e x p l o t s a n d s t r i k i n g c h a r a c t e r s t h a t c a p t u r e t h e p a n o r a m a o fE n g l i。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对（完整版）万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] Besides【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。

上文改写俗语，大意为拥抱可以使医生远离我们，即不得病，为积极含义，空后大意为：_______使你感觉与别人亲近并_______，所以也是积极含义，并同为拥抱的好处，因此选择B选项besides除了……之外还有……，A选项unlike不同于与D选项despite尽管均为转接，故排除，C选项throughout贯穿语义不通顺，故答案为[B] Besides。

2、【答案】[C] connected【解析】此处考察近义词复现，该空前有and，说明所填词汇英语close（亲近的）形成同义复现关系，并且所选词汇应搭配介词同，因此答案为C选项connected有关联的。

A选项equal平等的，B选项restricted限制的，C选项inferior低劣的，虽然都可以搭配to，但不能和close同义复现，故答案为[C] connected。

3、【答案】[A] host【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该从句含义为：拥抱可以给你的身心健康带来_____好处。

A host of为固定搭配，表示许多的，大量的，在此处语义和搭配均吻合，所以为正确答案。

View观点，视野，lesson教训，choice选择放在此处语义不通。

4、【答案】[C] avoid【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你______生病。

根据语义，不难确定此处需要“避免”“防止”的词，并且后面搭配动名词，故答案为C选项avoid避免。

Recall使回想，召集，forget忘记，keep (doing)一直做，均不吻合句义。

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：在一项______四百多健康成年人的研究中，研究者观察到……Collecting收集，一般不接人做宾语；affecting影响，guiding引导，均不符合科学研究类文章语境。

2017考研真题答案：2017考研英语一真题试卷及答案（完整版）2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题+【答案】Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may beto your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace mightCarnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effectsparticipants' susceptibility to developing the common cold afterwho felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs"Hugging protects people who are under stress from theCohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is aof hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bondingthat between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 【答案】[B] involving6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined 【答案】[A] calculated10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained 【答案】[D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased【答案】[D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared【答案】[B] associated15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of【答案】[A] in the face of17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences【答案】[D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were ableto sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this pricetag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.【答案】[A] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated SolutionText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.【答案】[A] its geographical features28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter andmisses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seenhuge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But underanti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, suchas approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requireswell-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for averagepeople and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive【答案】[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on hissketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correcta drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even lessstatus, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader educationbusiness sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding“yes!”1helping you feel close and 2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,awarm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter.In a recent study5over400health adults,researchersfrom Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12.notes “Hugging p rotects people who are under stressfrom the13risk for colds that’ｓusually14with stress,”Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.”Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the releaseof oxytocin,often called 18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their“the b onding hormone”newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests1。

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一真题2017年(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of English (总题数：1，分数：10.00)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____(1)helping you feel close and _____(2)to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____(3)of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____(4)getting sick this winter. In a recent study _____(5)over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____(6)the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____(7)to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____(8)with a cold, and the researchers_____(9)that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____(10)about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____(11)among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____(12). "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____(13)risk for colds that's usually _____(14)with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____(15)the feeling that others are there tohelp_____(16)difficulty." Some experts_____(17)the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____(18)it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____(19)in the brain, where it _____(20)mood, behavior and physiology.（分数：10.00）A.Besides √B.UnlikeC.ThroughoutD.Despite解析：【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，“it turns out that hugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participan ts’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxyto cin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ec osystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. Thereis no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuoka lani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of st ar watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaii ans’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline .Yet this isn’t the case with all countrie s . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not c riminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that pub lic officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pic kwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in l aw offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, hisnext novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III Writing51.directionYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation.You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "li ming"insteadDo not write the address.(10 points)52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should1) describe the pictures briefly.2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案解析1【答案】B【解析】答案为B。

研究生考试2017年北京大学翻译硕士考研必读信息复习经验经验指导：1、抓住重点，快速复习2、建立框架，系统复习3、明确背诵，精确记忆4、区分主次，结合热点5、模拟训练，名师批阅6、押题模考，一战封侯目录一、2017年北京大学MTI备考典籍英译——曹丕·《与朝歌令吴质书》英译二、北京大学2016年MTI考研信息总汇三、北京大学MTI考研参考用书解析、招生目录、复试流程四、北京大学MTI考研2016真题五、育明教育成功学员展示（另附学习方法、育明内部参考用书）六、2017年北京大学MTI备考百科知识——中国文学全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷育明教育官方网站：2017年北京大学MTI备考典籍—曹丕·《与朝歌令吴质书》英译五月二十八日，丕白：季重无恙。

途路虽局，官守有限，愿言之怀，良不可任。

足下所治僻左，书问致简，益用增劳。

每念昔日南皮之游，诚不可忘。

既妙思六经，逍遥百氏，弹棋间设，终以博奕，高谈娱心，哀筝顺耳。

弛骛北场，旅食南馆，浮甘瓜于清泉，沈朱李于寒水。

白日既匿，继以朗月，同乘并载，以游后园。

舆轮徐动，宾从无声，清风夜起，悲笳微吟，乐往哀来，怆然伤怀，余顾而言，斯乐难常。

足下之徒，咸以为然。

今果分别，各在一方。

元瑜长逝，化为异物，每一念至，何时可言！方今蕤宾纪时，景风扇物，天意和暖，众果具繁。

时驾而游，北遵河曲，从者鸣笳以启路，文学托乘于后车。

节同时异，物是人非，我劳如何！今遣骑到邺，故使枉道相过。

行矣自爱，丕白。

Letter to Wu Zhi,Magistrate of ZhaogeCao PiFifth month,twenty-eighth day,Pi reporting:Are you well,Jizhong?The distance that separates us is not great,but office imposes restrictions and I find I have no way to convey the thoughts I want to speak of.The place you are governing now is awkwardly situated and out of the way and our correspondence as a result is sketchy,a fact that increases my depression.Each time I think back to those days when we amused ourselves at Nanpi,I find them more unforgettable than ever. After mulling over the secrets of the Six Classics and wandering at will through the Hundred Philosophers,we found timeto squeeze in a little chess,ending up with a game of liubo.1Lofty discourse delighted our minds,plaintive strings soothed the ear.We galloped in haste to the northern ground,feasted with the crowd in the southern hall,floating sweet melons in the clear fountain,dunking crimson plums in its cold waters.And when the bright sun had gone into hiding,we carried on by the glow of the moon.Sharing a single carriage or driving side by side,we were off to outings at the inner gardens,our全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷育明教育官方网站：carriage wheels turning slowly,attendants following without a sound.A fresh breeze sprang up with the night and melancholy flutes sounded their faint cry.Joy vanished and grief came in its place;sorrowful were the thoughts that visited us.I turned to you and said,“Such joys can never last!”and you and your companions all agreed.Now,as we foresaw,you and I are parted,each in a different corner of the land.Yuanyu has set off on his long journey,changed into a spiritual being.2Each time I think of these things,I wonder when I will ever get to talk with you again.Just now the fifth month pitch-pipe marks the season,and all things are fanned by the soft winds of summer.3The breath of the sky is gentle and warm,and fruit of every kind fills the trees.From time to time I go out in my carriage, following north along the bend of the river,attendants piping flutes to clear the road before me,scholars accompanying me in carriages to the rear.The season is the same as it was then,but the time have changed;the things of nature are still here, but the men are gone.How can I describe to you the weariness I feel?I am about to dispatch a rider to Ye and will have him make a detour so he can pass our way.Carry on,take care of yourself.Pi reporting.Notes:1.A game like backgammon played with bamboo dice and ivory pieces.2.Yuanyu元瑜is Ruan Yu阮瑀,one of the famous men of letters who enjoyed the patronage of the Cao family.He was the father of the even more famous poet,Ruan Ji(210-263).3.Each of the twelve pitch-pipes,representing a twelve-tone scale,was assigned to one of the months.The fourth,fifth,and sixth months of the lunar calendar correspond to summer.（Burton Watson译）北京大学MTI考研信息汇总★★★★★全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷育明教育官方网站：全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷育明教育官方网站：北京大学（自主划线）2016年2015年备注分数线305分340分★翻译硕士英语出题偏向中英文时报。

202X年研究生入学统一考试试题〔英语二〕Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 tod ay’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，〞says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，〞Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different〞—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 〔40 points〕Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago onMonday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 202X－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 202X failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____. A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about thei r own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,〞says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.〞Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired t o look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment〞devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she trie s to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting〞with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.〞Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______. A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s fo od-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment〞to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens29.【答案】C【解析】此题目为具体细节题。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding"yes!"___1__ helping you feel close and__2___to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you__4___getting sick this winter.In a recent study___5__over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs___6__the participants'susceptibility（敏感性）to developing the common cold after being ___7__to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come___8__ with a cold,and the researchers__9___that the stress-reducing effects of hugging___10__about 32percent of that beneficial effect.___11__among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe__12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the___13__risk for colds that's usually __14___with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and helps__15___the feeling that others are there to help___16__difficulty."Some experts___17__the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（后叶催产素）,often called"the bonding hormone"__18___it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it___19__in the brain,where it__20___mood,behavior and physiology.注：红色为答案1.[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite介词辨析。

2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author belie ves that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the prot ection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GD P measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measu re of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constit uents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informati on about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment bygovernment—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step for ward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmout h, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even lessstatus, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Di ckens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his la bor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dich ens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and internationalbusiness process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of。