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Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
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工艺流程的定义及描述
• 工艺流程（Process） 是指能够把一定投入 变换成一定产出的一系列任务（即工序）， 这些任务由物流和信息流有机地连接在一起
Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
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第二篇 运作系统的设计
第三章 工艺流程分析
工艺流程的基本概念 工艺流程的类型 工艺流程的绩效衡量指标 工艺流程的分析 工艺流程的改进
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• 流程图（Flowchart）是分析流程的一个理想 的工具
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Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
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Case
• McDonald VS Chinese Food • Las Vegas Slot Machine:
Mechanical VS Electronic
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Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
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How Important is It?
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to School
Go to school today?
Yes Drive to school
Walk to class
No
Stay at home
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Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
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Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
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Flowchart Symbols (Continued)
Storage areas or queues
Examples: Sheds, lines of people waiting for a service, etc.
Flows of materials or customers
Examples: Customers moving to the a seat, mechanic getting a tool, etc.
•瓶颈Bottleneck is a resource that limits the capacity or maximum output of the process.
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Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
Stage 2
Stage 3
•阻塞Blocking occurs when the activities in a stage must stop because there is no place to deposit the item just completed.
•挨饿Starving occurs when the activities in a stage must stop because there is no work.
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多步工艺（Multistage Process）
Stage 1
Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
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©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001
Operations Management For Competitive Advantage ninth edition
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Example: Flowchart of Student Going
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Flowchart Symbols
Tasks or operations
Examples: Giving an admission ticket to a customer, installing a engine in a car, etc.
Decision Points
Examples: How much change should be given to a customer, which wrench should be used, etc.
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具有缓冲的多步工艺（MultistageStage 1
Buffer
Stage 2
•Buffer allows stages to operate independently.
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