2011年成人高考专升本英语词汇分析一

绝密★启用前2011年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试英语答案必须答在答题卡指定的位置，答在试卷上无效．．．．．．．。

一、语音知识（共5小题：每题1.5分，共7.5分。

）在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。

找出这个词。

1. A.about B.south C.loud D.youth2. A.special B.second C.uncle D.victory3. A.tale B.trade C.have D.wave4. A.weather B.gather C.method D.northern5. A.climb b C.doubt D.double二、词汇与语法知识（共15小题：每题1.5分，共22.5分。

）从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项。

6.My birthday is on ______ Friday this year.A.不填B.aC.anD.the7. The children were required to wear new school clothes, but Kim couldn't afford ______.A.anyB.oneC.someD.that8.Alfredo left the house at 6 this morning, and we ______him ever since.A.wouldn't seeB.didn't seeC.haven't seenD.hadn't seen9.I like parents to come to school, ______ I do not like them to go away with a misunderstanding..A.butB.forC.orD.so10.At the foot of the hill, Jim ______ his bicycle and began to push it.A.got awayB.got offC.got onD.got up11.It was ______ beautiful weather that we spent the whole day in the park.A.reallyB.soC.suchD.very12. David won't come to my wedding party ______ I send him an invitation.A.whenB.unlessC.asD.after13. _____ the end, the boy chose to go to Oberlin College.A.AtB.ByC.InD.On14.I can't find my notebook in the room. I ______ it in the library last night.A.ought to have leftB.would have leftC.should have leftD.must have left15. A tall building has been set up in ______ was a wasteland before.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that16.Studies will be needed to see if the medicine has any _____ on the disease.A.wealthB.effectC.priceD.market17.The students sat under a big tree, ______ cold orange juice.A.drinkB.drankC.to drinkD.drinking18.The girl who ______ by a falling tree is now in the hospital.A.hitB.has hitC.has been hitD.was hit19.You could look for a job in big cities ______ workers are better paid.A.whereB.whenC.whoseD.that20.I don't remember who spoke first that night, but all of us ______ the same opinion.A.are expressingB.have expressedC.expressedD.express三、完形填空（共15小题：每题2分，共30分。

专升本英语词汇和语法考点总结词汇一、名词和代词一）重点名词和代词辨析1、result，effect，outcome，ending，consequence，fruitresult 普通用词，多指好的结果.另：比分，成绩；effect 名词：效果，影响。

动词：实现；outcome 多指成就，成果；ending 结局，结尾；consequence 多指不良的结果，后果；fruit 水果，产物。

2、feature，appearance，virtue，character，characteristicsfeature 1，特色，2，面貌，相貌；appearance1，出现，露面2，外观，外貌，外表；virtue 1，美德，2，优点，长处；character特征，品质，角色；characteristics 特性，特色。

3、accident，incident，event，conflict，trouble，occurrence，crash，crisis accident 事故，意外。

意想不到的事情，往往引起损伤或伤害；incident事件，小插曲。

事变（外交，政治中的政变）；event 特指重大事件；conflict冲突，矛盾；trouble烦恼，麻烦；occurrence 1，发生，出现。

2，突发事件；crash使(飞机)坠毁、使(车辆)猛撞等；crisis危机，紧急关头。

4、currency，income，wage，bonus，salary，award，reward，fee，allowance，honour，benefit，profit，interest，prize，wealth，capital，money，cash，coin,fund,debt,loancurrency 流通货币，经济学用词；Income泛指收入；Wage 特指工资；Bonus指提成的奖金；Salary = wage + bonus 薪水；Award授予的奖项，包括奖励的奖金；Reward 回报，报酬，酬金；Fee泛指费用；Allowance 表示津贴，补贴；honour 荣誉，名誉。

词汇表Aa (an) 一，一个abandon 放弃，丢弃ability 能力，才能able 能干的abnormal 反常的，不规则的aboard 在船（飞机，车）上abolish 废除，取消abortion 流产，堕胎about 大约，关于above 在…上面，超过abroad 到国外，遍布abrupt 突然的，粗鲁的absence 缺席，缺少absent 缺席的，茫然absolute 绝对的，确实的absorb 吸收，接受abstract 抽象的，摘要absurd 荒谬的，可笑的abundant 丰富的，充裕的abuse 滥用，辱骂academic 学术的，学院的academy 院校，研究院；学会accelerate 加速，促进；增加速度accent 重音，口音；强调accept 接爱，认可access 接进；进入；途径accessible 易接近的，可理解的accident 事故，意外的事accommodation 适应，膳食供应accompany 陪伴，陪同，伴随accomplish 完成，实现account 解释，说明accountant 会计，出纳accumulate 积累，积蓄，堆积accuracy 准备性；准备度accurate 准备的，正确的accuse 控告，指责accustomed 习惯了的ache 痛，想念achieve 完成，达到achievement 成就，实现acid 酸的，酸性物质acknowledge 承认，感谢acquaintance 认识，熟人acquire 获得，学到acquisition 获得；获得物acre 英亩across穿过，横过act 行动，表演active积极的，活动的activity活动，活动性actor演员，男演员actress女演员actual 实际的，现行的acute尖的，急性的AD 公元；广告ad= advertisement 广告，做广告adapt使适应，改编adaptation改编，适应add 加，进一步说（或写）addicted 沉溺的，上瘾的addition 加法，增加address地址，住址adequate充足的，任任的adjust调整，校整，适应于adjustment 调整，校整administration管理，经营，行政admirable可赞赏的，堂堂的admire羡慕，钦佩admission 允许进入，入场费admit 承认，接纳adolescence 青春期，青少年adolescent 青少年的，青春期的adopt 采取，收养ore 崇拜，热爱adadult 成的人的，已成熟的advance促进，提高，advantage 优势，利益adventure 冒险，奇遇advertisement 广告，登广告advice 劝告，意见advise 劝告，建议，通知advocate提倡，提倡者affair事情，事务affect 影响，感动affection 爱，感情，作用afford 提供，负担的起afraid 害怕的，恐怕Africa 非洲African非洲的，非洲人的after 在……后面，后来afternoon下午，午后afterward(s) 然后，后来again再，又，此外against反对；倚靠age 年龄，时代agenda 议程，议事日程agent 代理人，代理商aggressive 侵略的，有进取心的ago 以前，……前agree 赞同，一致，约定agreement 协议，同意agricultural 农业的，农艺的agriculture 农业，农艺；农学ahead 在前，向前，提前aid 帮助，救护AIDS 爱滋病aim 企图，瞄准air 天空，大气；样子aircraft 飞机，飞艇airline 航线，航空公司airmail 航空邮件，航空邮政airplane 飞机airport 机场，航空港airspace 空气，空间，上空alarm 惊恐；警报album 粘贴薄；相册；文选alcohol 酒精alcoholic 酒精的algebra 代数学，代数alike 相似的，相象的alive 活着的，有活力的all 全部的，完全地allergic 过敏的，极讨厌的alley 小径，胡同allocate分配，把……拨给allow 允许，承认，考虑到allowance 允许，准许，almost 几乎，大概alone 单独的，唯一的along 沿着，向前alongside 在旁边，横靠aloud 出声地，大声地alphabet 字母表already 已，已经also 也，同样；而且alternative两者选一的；交替的although 尽管，虽然altitude 高度，高处altogether 完全，全部，总共aluminium 铝always 总是，一直，永远am是am. / am, AM. / AM 上午amateur 业余的，业余爱好者amazing 令人惊异的America美国，美洲ambassador (ambassadress) 大使，使节ambiguous 暧昧的，不明确的ambition 野心，抱负ambulance 救护车；野战医院among 在……中间amount 数量，总计ample 充分的，足够的amuse 逗乐，使……开心amusement 娱乐，消谴analyse 分析，分解analysis 分析，解析ancestor 祖先，祖宗ancient 古代的，古老的and 和；并且；那么anecdote 轶闻，轶事anger 愤怒，使……发怒angle 角，角度，观点angry 愤怒的；生气的animal 动物；肉欲的ankle 踝，脚脖子anniversary 周年，周年纪念日announce 宣布，发表annoy 使生气，使恼火annual 每年的，年报another 另一；别的answer 回答，答复ant 蚂蚁Antarctic 南极的；南极区antique 古代的，古物anxiety 焦虑，担心anxious 焦虑的，渴望的any 一些，任何anybody 任何人，无论谁anyhow 无论如何；总之anyone 无论谁，任何人anything 任何事，一切anyway 不管怎样说，总之anywhere 无论哪里，任何地方apart 分开，相距apartment 房间apologize 道歉；辩解apology 道歉；辩护apparent 表面的，显然的appeal 请求，呼吁，上诉appear 出现，显露appearance显露，外观appendix 附录；附属物appetite 胃口；爱好；欲望applaud 喝彩，欢呼apple 苹果，苹果树applicant 申请人application 申请，申请表，实用apply 申请，应用appoint 任命，委派，指定appointment 约会，认命appreciate 欣赏，鉴别appreciation 欣赏，鉴别approach 接近，走近，处理appropriate 适当的，拨款，占用approval 同意，赞成，批准approve 赞成，同意，批准approximately 近似的，大约apron 围裙arbitrary 任意的，武断的，专断的arch 拱形，用拱连接architect 建筑师，设计师architecture 建筑，建筑学Arctic 北极，北极的are 是area 空地，面积argue 争辩，辩论argument 争论，论点arise (arose, arisen) 出发，发生，由……引起arithmetic 算术，四则运算arm 手臂，武装armchair 扶手椅army 军队，大群around 周围，到处，大约arrange 安排，整理arrangement 排列，整理arrest 逮捕；惹人注目的arrival 到达，到达者arrive 到达，抵达；到来arrow 箭，箭头号art 艺术，美术article 文章，论文artificial 人工的，人造的artist 艺术家，美术家as 同样的；像……一样ash 灰，灰末；骨灰ashamed 羞耻；惭愧Asia 亚洲Asian 亚洲人aside 在旁边ask 询问，请求asleep 睡着的，熟睡aspect 样子，而貌assess 估定，评定assessment 估价，评价assist 援助，帮助assistance 帮助，援助assistant 助手，助教；帮助的associate 把……联系在一起；交往association 联合，交往assume 假定，承担assumption 假定，设想astonish 使惊讶的，使吃惊的astronaut 太空人，宇航员astronomer 天文学家astronomy 天文学at 在，向，对athlete 运动员，田径运动员athletic 运动的，体育的Atlantic 大西洋的，大西洋atmosphere 大气压，环境，气氛atom 原子，微量attach 固定住，附加attack 固定住，附加attain 达到，获得，完成attempt 尝试，试图attend 出席，参加，照顾attention 注意，留意，立正attitude 姿势，态度attract 吸引，引诱attraction 吸引，吸引力attractive 迷人的，引人注意的audience 听众，观众，读者aunt 姨母，姑母，伯母……authentic 真的，原作的，可靠的author 作家，作者，创造者authority 官方，当局，权力automatic 自动的机器autonomous 自主的，自治的autumn 秋，秋季available 可利用的，可得到的avenue 大街，途径average 平均，平均的avoid 避免，回避，逃避awake (awoke, awoken)award 唤醒，醒来，醒着的aware 意识到，知道的away 离开，远离awesome 可怕的awful 可怕的，讨厌的awkward 尴尬的，笨拙的Bbaby 婴儿，孩子气的bachelor 单身汉back 背部，后面的background 背景，后景，经历backward(s) 向后地，相反地bacon 咸肉bacterium 细菌bad (worse, worst) 坏的，有害的badminton 羽毛球bag 包，口袋baggage 行李bakery 面包店balance 使平衡；天平balcony 阳台，二楼包厢ball 球，舞会ballet 芭蕾舞balloon 气球，使成气球状bamboo 竹子ban 禁止，取缔banana 香蕉band 带，乐队，一伙bandage 绷带，包扎bank 银行；岸bar 条，棒；酒吧barbecue 烤肉架barber 理发师barbershop 理发店bare 赤裸的；仅仅的bargain 交议；便宜货bark 吠叫，咆哮barrier 栅栏；障碍base 基础；基地baseball 棒球，棒球运动basement 地下室，底部basic 基础的，根本的，主要的basin 盆，洗脸盆basis 基础，主要成分basket 筐，篮，篓basketball 篮球bat 球棒；击球bath 洗澡；浴室bathe 给……洗澡；弄湿bathroom 浴室，卫生间bathtub 浴缸battery 电池，一系列battle 战役，斗争bay 海湾，阻挡B. C. 一（个）；每一（个）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been)是beach 海滩，河滩bean 豆，蚕豆bean curd 豆腐bear1 熊，粗鲁的人bear2 忍受beard 胡须，络腮胡子beast 兽类；凶残的人beat (beat, beaten) 打击；心跳beautiful 美丽的，美好的beauty 美，美人because 因为become (became, become) 成为，变得bed 床；河床beddings 寝具bedroom 卧室bee 蜜蜂；忙碌的人beef 牛肉；发牢骚beer 啤酒before 以前；在……前面beg 乞讨；请求begin (began, begun) 开始behalf 利益，唯护behave 行为，举止behaviour 习行；习性behind 在…后面；落后于being 存在，生存；生物belief 相信；信仰believe 相信，认为bell 铃，钟声belly 肚子；腹部belong 属于，应归入below 在…下面；到下面belt 腰带；地带bench 长凳；(工作)台bend (bent, bent) （使）弯曲，屈服beneath 在…下面；在下方beneficial 有利的；有益的benefit 利益；津贴；有益于bent 嗜好，倾向；下决心的beside 在…旁边；在…附近besides 除…之外；而且betray 出卖，背叛；暴露between 中间；在（两者）之间beyond 在…之外；超出bicycle 自行车，脚踏车bid 报价，投标；出价big 大的，重要的；大量地bike=bicycle 自行车bill 账单；票据；钞票；法案bingo 一种赌博游戏biochemistry 生物化学biography 传记biology 生物学；生态学bird 鸟，禽类birth 出生；出身；起源birthday 生日；纪念日birthplace 诞生地biscuit 饼干；点心bishop 主教bit 一点；比特；钻头bite (bit, bitten) 咬；刺痛bitter 辛苦的，严寒的black 黑；黑暗的blackboard 黑板blame 责怪；过错blank 空白的；表格blanket 毯子；覆盖层bleed 出血，流血bless 祝福，保佑blind 瞎的；盲目的block 大块；障碍物；赌塞blood 血；血统，出身blouse 女衬衫；童衫blow (blew, blown) 吹；爆炸；吹气blue 蓝色的；忧郁的board 板；委员会boat 小船；划船body 身体；正文boil 沸腾；煮沸bomb 炸弹；轰炸bond 粘合；联合bone 骨头；骨骼bonus 奖金；补贴；红利book 书本；卷；预订boom 繁荣；（发出）隆隆声boot 靴子；解雇booth 货摊；小间border 边缘；和…接界bored 无趣的；烦人的boring 钻孔，挖动born 出生的，天生的borrow 借，借入boss 老板，上司；指挥botanical 植物的botany 植物学both 二者，双方的bother 打扰，麻烦，担心bottle 瓶子，容器bottom 底，底部，根基bounce 反跳，弹起；跳起bound 一定的，有义务的boundary 分界线，边界bow 鞠躬，点头；弓状物bowl 碗，钵；碗状物bowling 保龄球box 盒子，包厢；拳击boxing 拳击（运动）boy 男孩；侍者boycott 联合抵制，罢（课，市等）brain 大脑；心智brake 闸，刹车；减速branch 树枝，分枝；部门brand 烙印；商标；铭记brave 勇敢的，英勇的bravery 勇敢，大胆bread 面包，食物break (broke, broken) 打破，破坏breakfast 早餐；吃早饭breakthrough 突围，突破点breast 乳房，胸脯；奋勇抵抗breath 呼吸；一口气breathe 呼吸，吸入breathe 呼吸，吸入breathless 气喘吁吁的；死的brewery（啤酒）酿造厂brick 砖，方木块bride 新娘bridegroom 新郎bridge 桥，桥梁；桥牌brief 短暂的，简洁的；摘要bright 明亮的；欢快的；聪明的brilliant 明亮的；光辉的；卓越的bring (brought, brought) 带来，引起broad 宽阔的，广泛的broadcast广播，播音brochure 假订本，小册子broken 弄坏的，被打碎的broom 扫帚brother 兄弟，同胞brown 棕色的，褐色的brunch 早午餐brush 刷；刷子；画笔Buddhism 佛教budget 预算；经费buffet 自助餐build (built, built) 建筑，建设building 建筑物，大楼bunch （一）束，串bungalow 平房，小屋burden 负担，载重，义务bureaucratic 官僚的burglar 夜盗，窃贼burn (burnt, burnt或-ed, -ed) 燃烧；烧伤burst 爆炸，破裂bury 掩盖，埋藏bus 公共汽车bush 灌木business 生意；业务；企业businessman/ woman 商人busy 繁忙的；使忙于but 但是；除…之外butcher 屠夫，肉贩；屠杀butter 黄油，奶油butterfly 蝴蝶button 扣子，按纽；紧扣buy (bought, bought) 购买，交易by 被，经，由；经过bye 再见Ccab 出租马车，出租车cabbage 洋白菜，卷心菜café小餐馆；咖啡厅cafeteria 自助餐厅cage 笼，鸟笼calculate 计划，核算，推测cake 饼，蛋糕；块call 叫做，叫喊；打电话calm 平静的，镇静的camel 骆驼camera 照相机，摄影机camp 野营，营地，扎营campaign 战役，运动can (could); can’t =cannot 能，会，可以modal 形式的；模态的can 筒，罐头canal 运河，沟渠，水道cancel 取消，作废，删除cancer 癌症，肿瘤candidate 候选人，应试者candle 蜡烛candy 糖果canteen 小卖部，临时餐室cap 帽子，帽状物capital 首都；资本；重要的capsule 胶囊，太空舱captain 船长，陆军队长；陆军上尉caption 标题，说明，解说词car 车，汽车，车厢carbon 碳card 卡片，名片，请帖care关心，愿意，照料careful 小心的，仔细的careless 粗心的，疏忽的carpenter 木工，木匠carpet 地毯，训斥carriage马车，客车厢carrier运载工具，搬运人carrot 胡萝卜carry 搬，拿，运载cartoon 卡通片，漫画carve 雕刻，切割case 情况，病例，箱cash 现金，现款；兑现cassette 珠宝箱，暗盒；字盒cast (cast, cast) 投；撒；铸件castle 城堡；置…于城堡中casual 偶然的，随便的cat 猫，猫科动物catalogue 目录；为…编目catastrophe 灾难，灾祸catch (caught, caught) 抓住，赶上category 门类，种类，范畴cater 满足，迎合，投合catholic 天主教的，天主教徒cattle 牛，牲口cause 造成，致使；原因caution谨慎，警告cautious 小心的，谨慎的cave 山洞，洞穴CD=compact disk 光碟ceiling 天花板，顶蓬celebrate 庆祝，庆贺；赞美celebration 庆祝会，典礼cell 细胞，电池，小房间cent 分，分币；百centigrade 摄氏温度的，摄氏温度centimeter 厘米central 中心的，中央的；主要的centre 中心，中枢，集中century 世纪，百年ceremony 典礼，礼节certain 肯定的，必然的certificate 证书，证件，执照chain 链，一系列chair 椅子，主席位chairman/ woman 主席，议长，会长chalk 粉笔challenge 挑战，艰巨任务challenging 挑战性的，有魅力的champion 冠军；保卫chance 机会，机遇；可能性change 改变，交换；变化changeable 易变的，可变的channel 海峡，航道；传送chant 歌，歌唱chaos 混乱，混沌character 性格；特征；符号characteristic 特性，特征；本性的charge 费用，控告；使充满chapter 章，回，篇chart 图，图表chat 聊天，闲谈cheap 廉价的，便宜的；劣质的cheat 欺骗，骗取；骗子check 检查；阻扯；支票cheek 面颊，脸蛋cheer 高兴，欢呼；振奋cheerful 高兴的，使人愉快的cheers 举标敬酒之用语cheese 乳酪，干酪chef 厨师，厨师长chemical 化学的，化学制品的chemist 化学家，药剂师chemistry 化学cheque 支票chess 国际象棋chest 胸，胸腔；柜子chew 咀嚼，思量chicken 小鸡，鸡肉；胆小的chief 主要的；首长child 小孩，儿童childhood 童年，幼年chocolate 巧克力；深褐色的choice 选择；精选的choir 歌唱队choke 窒息，噎住，堵塞choose (choose, chosen) 选择，挑选；情愿chopsticks 筷子chorus 合唱（队）；齐声Christian 基督教徒；信徒Christmas圣诞节church 教堂，教会cigar 雪茄烟亲吻cigarette 香烟，纸烟cinema 电影，影片circle 圆；圈子；围绕circuit 线路；一圈circulate （使）循环；（使）传播circumstance 环境，情况，条件circus 杂技场，马戏团citizen 公民，市民，居民city 城市，都市civil 公民的，国内的civilian 平民；平民的，民众的civilization 文明，文化，文明社会clap 拍手喝彩，鼓掌clarify 讲清楚，阐明class 班级；等级；课classic 传统的；最优秀的；杰作classify 把…分类；把…类为classmate 同班同学classroom 教室，课堂claw 用爪抓；爪clay 粘土，泥土clean 干净的；完全地；打扫cleaner 清尘器；清洁工clear 清晰的，晴朗的clerk 办事员，公务员clever 聪明的，灵巧的click 发出咔嗒声；情投意合climate 气候，风气climb 爬，上升clinic 医务室，门诊室clock 时钟，仪表clone 无性系close 关闭，结束cloth 布，织物；抹布clothes 衣服，服装，被褥clothing 衣服，衣着cloud 云；一缕；阴影cloudy 多云的；模糊不清的club 俱乐部；棍棒clumsy 笨拙的，愚笨的coach 旅客车厢；教练；辅导coal 煤，煤块coast 海岸，海滨；滑行coat 外套；表皮；涂上cocoa 可可粉，可可茶，可可树coffee 咖啡；咖啡色coin 硬币，钱币；铸造coincidence 巧合，同时发生coke 可乐，焦炭cold 冷的，冷淡的；伤风collar 衣领，项圈；扭住colleague 同事，同僚collect 收集，聚集collection 收集，采集；收藏品college 学院，大学collision 碰撞，冲突colour 颜色；给…着色comb 梳子，梳理combine （使）结合；（使）合并come (came, come) 来；出现；成为comedy 喜剧；喜剧性事件comfort 使舒服的；安慰comfortable 舒适的，自在的command 命令，控制，掌握comment 评论，评注；注释commercial 商业的，可获利的commit 犯（错误，罪行）；提交commitment 承诺committee 委员会，全体委员common 普通的，寻常的，共有的communicate 交际；传达；通讯communication 通讯；交流；传达communism 共产主义communist 共产主义者；共产主义的companion 同伴，伴侣；陪伴company 公司；陪伴；（一）伙compare 比较；比作；对照compass 指南针；圆规compensate 补偿，赔偿；酬报compete 比赛，竞争；对抗competence 能力，胜任competition 竞赛，竞争，比赛complete 完成；完全地complex 错综复杂的；综合企业component 成分，部件；组成的composition 构成；作文；写作comprehension 理解，理解力；领悟compromise 让步；威害；妥协compulsory 强制的，必修的；规定的computer 计算机；电脑concentrate 浓缩，精选；集中concept 概念，观念concern 关系，关心；与…有关concert 音乐会，演奏会；一齐conclude 推断出，结束；缔结conclusion结论，推论；结尾concerte 商议好的，协定的condition 状况，环境，条件condemn 谴责，宣判conduct 处理，指挥；举止conductor 售票员，列车员，导体confident 确信的，自信的confidential 秘密的，表信任的conference 会议，讨论会confirm 证实，批准，确认conflict 争论，冲突，斗争confuse 使混乱；混同congratulate 祝贺，向…道喜congratulation 祝贺，祝贺词connect 连接，与…联系connection 连接，联系conscience 良心，道德心consensus 一致，共识consequence 结果，后果；重要性conservation 保存，保护；守恒conservative 小心谨慎的；保守的人consider 考虑，体谅considerate 体谅的，考虑周到的consideration 考虑，体谅，关心consist 存在于，由……组成consistent 一致的；坚持的constant 忠实的；常数constitution章程，宪法；体质construct 构筑，建造；建筑物construction 建设；建筑物consult 请教；查阅；交换意见consultant 顾问，会诊医生consume 消费，毁灭contain 包含，含有，克制container 容器，集装箱contemporary 当代的，同龄的content1 容量，内容，满足content2 满意的，高兴的continent 大陆；陆地；克制的continue 连续，继续，延伸contradict 反驳，否认；与……矛盾contradictory 反驳的；正反对contrary 相反的；矛盾contribute 投稿；捐赠contribution 损献，贡献control 控制，支配，克制controversial 引起争论的，有争议的convenience 便利，方便convenient 便利的，方便的conventional 普通的，常见的conversation 会话，谈话convey 传达，表达convince 使确信，使信服cook 炊事员，厨师cooker 炊具，锅cookie 小甜饼cool 凉爽的；沉着的；冷却copy 抄写；模仿corn 谷物，玉米corner 角，转弯corporation 公司，企业，社团correct 正确的，合适的；改正correction 订正，改正correspond 相当；与…一致corrupt 贿赂，收买cost 成本，费用；花费cosy 舒适的，暖和舒服的cottage 农舍，小屋cotton 棉花的，棉制的cough 咳，咳嗽could modal 能够count 计数，总数counter 计数器，反对；反面country 国家的，农村的countryside 乡下，农村couple 一对，两三个，连接courage 勇气，胆量，胆识course 课程；过程court 法院，球场；向…求爱courtyard 庭院cousin 堂（表）兄弟、姐妹cover 覆盖；涉及cow 母牛，奶牛；威吓crash 碰撞，坠落；应急的crayon 彩色笔（或粉笔）crazy 发疯的；狂热的cream 奶油；乳脂食品create 创造，创作，引起creature 生物，动物；人credit 信用贷款；信誉crew 全体船员crime 罪；犯罪criminal 犯罪的；罪犯criterion 标准，准则；尺度crop 收割；庄稼；收成cross 穿越；相交；交叉crossing 横度，横穿crossroads 十字路口，立交桥crowd 人群；聚满；一群cruel 残酷的，痛苦的cry 哭，叫喊cube 立方体；立方cubic 立方体的；立方的cuisine 烹调culture 文化；教养cup 杯子；奖杯cupboard 碗柜；食橱cure 治愈；消除curious好奇的，稀奇的currency 通货；流通curriculum 全部课程；必修课程curtain （窗、门）帘cushion 气垫；减轻custom 习惯，风俗；海关customer 顾客，主顾customs 关税（风俗）cut (cut, cut) 切割，削减；切口cycle 循环；（使）循环cyclist 骑自行车的人Ddad=daddy 爸爸，爹爹daily 每日的；每天；日报dam 水坝，堰堤damage毁坏，损害damp 潮湿的dance 跳舞danger 危险dangerous 危险的dare 敢；敢于dark 黑暗的，深色的darkness 黑暗，阴暗dash 冲，突进，快跑data 资料，数据database 资料库，数据库date 日期，约会daughter 女儿dawn 黎明day 日，天dead 死的，无生命的deadline 最后期限，截止日期deaf 聋的deal 量，数额dear 亲爱的；昂贵的death 死debate 辩论，争论debt 债（务）decade 十年decide 下决心，决定decision 决定，决心declare 声明，断言decline 下倾；拒绝；斜面decorate 装饰，装修decoration 装饰，装潢decrease 减少，减小deed 行为，事迹deep 深的；深地deer 鹿defeat 击败；战胜defense 防御；保护defend 保卫；防守degree 度数；学位delay 延迟，耽搁，延误delete 删除deliberately故意地delicate 纤弱的；精致的delicious 美味的；可口的delight 快乐；乐事delighted 高兴的，快乐的deliver 递送demand 要求dentist 牙医department 部，局，处和科等；系departure 离开，启程depend 依靠，依赖，指望deposit 使沉淀；存放depth 深，深度describe 描述；形容description 描述，描写desert 沙漠deserve 应受，值得design 设计，遗弃desire 要求；期望desk 书桌，写字台desperate 绝望的；拼死的dessert 正餐后的水果或甜食destination 目的地，终点destroy 破坏，毁坏detective 侦探determine 决定；决心develop 开展，开发development 发展；开发devote 专心；献身devotion 献身，忠诚diagram 图解，图表dial 拨（号）；打电话dialogue 对话diamond 钻石；金刚石diary 日记dictation 听写dictionary 词典，字典die 死diet 饮食differ 与…不同difference 差别，差异different 不同的，差异的difficult 艰难的，困难的difficulty 困难，费力dig (dug, dug) 挖，掘digest 消化，领会digital 数字的，数码的dignity 庄严，端庄；尊贵dilemma 窘境，困境dimension 尺寸，尺度dinner 正餐，宴会dinosaur 恐龙dioxide 二氧化物dip 浸，蘸diploma 毕业文凭，学位证书direct 直接的；指导direction 方向，方位director 指挥者；厂长；主任directory 人名地址录dirty 脏的disability 无能；伤残disabled 残疾的disadvantage 不利，不利条件；弱点disagree 不同意disagreement 意见不同，争执disappear 消失disappoint 失望disappointed 失望的disaster 灾难，祸难discount 折扣discourage 使泄气，使失去信心discover 发现discovery 发现discrimination 歧视discuss 讨论discussion 讨论，议论disease 疾病disgusting 令人作呕的，可憎恶的dish 盘，碟dish=disc 磁盘dislike 不喜欢，厌恶dismiss 解散，解雇distance 距离distant 远的，遥远的distinction 差别，区分distinguish 区别，辨别distribute 分发，分配，分布district 区，地区，区域disturb 扰乱，打扰disturbing 烦扰的dive 跳水diverse 多种多样的；不同的divide 分，分开division 除法divorce 离婚，分离dizzy 头晕目眩的do (did, done) 做doctor 医生，博士document 文件，文献dog 狗doll 玩偶，玩具娃娃dollar 元donate 损赠，赠送door 门dormitory 宿舍dot 点double 两倍，双的；两个doubt 怀疑，疑惑down 向下，沿着download 下载downstairs 在楼下；到楼下downtown 城市的商业区dozen 一打；几十个Dr=doctor 医生，大夫draft 草图，草稿drag 拖（曳）draw (drew, drawn) 画，绘制drawback 欠缺，缺点drawer 抽屉dream (dreamt, dreamt 或-ed, -ed) 做梦，向往dress 女服，服装，穿衣drill 训练，操练drink (drank, drunk) 喝，饮drive (drove, driven) 驱赶；驾驶driver 司机，驾驶员drop 滴下，落下drug 药，药物；毒品drum 鼓drunk 醉的dry 干的；变干duck 鸭due 预期的；约定的dull 阴暗的；单调乏味的dumpling 饺子during 在…期间dusk 黄昏dustbin 垃圾箱dusty 尘土多duty 职责，义务DVD = digital versatile dish 数字视盘dynamic 有生气的；动力的dynasty 王朝，朝代Eeach 各个，每个eager 渴望的，热切的eagle 鹰ear 耳朵；听力，听觉early 早的（地）earn 挣得，赚得earth 地球；土地；泥earthquake 地震east 东，东方Easter 复活节eastern 东方的；东部的easy容易的，不费力的eat (ate, eaten) 吃ecology生态学edge边缘edition版本editor编辑，编者educate教育，培养educator教育家education教育；培养effect效果；作用effort努力，艰难的尝试egg蛋；卵eggplant茄子either两者任可一个elder长者，前辈elect选举electric电的electrical电的；电器的electricity电，电流electronic电子elegant优美的，优雅的，精致的elephant象else别的，其他的e-mail电子信函embarrass使窘迫，使为难embassy大使馆emergency紧急情况或状态emperor皇帝employ雇用empty空的encourage鼓励encouragement 鼓励end结束ending结尾，结局endless无穷无尽的enemy敌人，敌军energetic精力旺盛的energy精力，能量engine发动机，引擎engineer工程师；技师enjoy喜欢；享受…的乐趣enjoyable令人愉快的；有乐趣的enlarge扩大enough足够的；充分的enquiry询问enter进入enterprise进取心，事业心entertainment娱乐enthusiastic热情的，热心的entire完全的；整个的entrance入口；入场entry进入envelope信封environment环境envy羡慕；忌妒equal平等的；等于equality平等equip装备，配备equipment装备，设备eraser橡皮擦；黑板擦error错误，过失erupt爆发escape逃跑；逃脱especially特别；尤其essay散文；随笔，文章Europe 欧洲European欧洲人；欧洲的evaluate估价，评价；求…的值even甚至；更evening傍晚，晚上event事件；大事eventually终于，最后ever曾经；无论何时every每一，每个的everybody每人；人人everyday每天的，日常的everyone每人，人人everything每件事，每样东西everywhere到处evidence形迹，迹象；根据，证据evident明显的，显然的evolution进化，演化，渐进exact确切的；准确的exam =examination检查；考试examine检查，诊察example例子；榜样excellent极好的，优秀的except除…之外exchange交换，调换；交流excite使兴奋，使激动excuse原谅；借口exercise练习；运动；习题exhibition展览exist存在existence存在；生存exit出口，通道expand膨胀，扩张；张开expect期望，预期；以为expectation期望；预期，预料expense消费，支出expensive昂贵的experience经验；验历experiment实验expert专家，能手explain解释；说明explanation解释；说明explicit明确的，详述的explode爆炸explore开采，开发；利用export探测；探索expose使暴露，使曝光express表达；表情expression表达；词句；表情extension延长，伸展；电话分机extra 外加的；额外的extraordinary离奇的；使人惊奇的extreme末端的，尽头的；极端的eye眼睛eyesight视力；视觉Fface脸；面对facial面部用的fact事实，实际factory工厂fade褪色；消退fail失败；不及格failure 失败；不及格fair白皙的；公平的faith信仰；信念fall落下；跌倒false不正确的；假的familiar熟悉的family家庭；家族；子女famous著名的fan扇子；迷；支持者fancy想像，幻想fantastic奇异的，幻想的，异想天开的fantasy想像，幻想far (farther, farthest或further, furthest)远的fare车费，船费，票价farm农场；农庄farmer农夫fast 快的（地），迅速的（地）fasten 拴住；扎牢fat 肥胖的；脂肪father 父亲faul t缺点，毛病favour 好意；帮助；恩惠favourite 最喜爱的，最喜欢的人或物fax传真fear害怕，恐惧；担忧feast节日，宴会feather羽毛federal 联邦的；中央的fee 费feed (fed, fed) 喂，饲养feel (felt, felt) 感觉；触摸feeling 感情，感觉fellow 同伴，伙伴female 女的，雌的fence 篱笆，栅栏ferry 渡船festival节日的，喜庆的fetch拿来，取来，带来fever发烧few少数的，不多的fibre纤维（质）fiction小说；虚构，编造field地，田地；牧场fierce猛烈的fight (fought, fought) 打仗；争论figure 外形，图形；形象；数字file 文件，档案，公文柜fill 装满，填充film 影片，电影；胶卷final 最后的；终极的finance 财政，金融find (found, found) 找到；发现；感到fine 好的，美好的；晴朗的finger 手指fingermail 手指甲finish 完成，结束，做完fire 火，火灾fireworks 烟火firm 公司，企业；牢固的fish 第一的；首次的；开始fisherman 捕鱼人；钓鱼健身者fist 拳头fit 适合，安装；适合的fix 修理，安装，确定flag 旗；标志flame 火焰，光辉flash 闪光，转瞬间flashlight 手电筒flat 平的；一套房间；公寓flee (fled, fled) 逃走；逃避flexible 易弯曲的，灵活的flesh 肌肉flight 航班，楼梯的一段float 漂浮；飘动flood 洪水；淹没floor地，地板；楼层flour面粉，粉flow流，流动flower花flu流行性感冒fluency流利，流畅fluent流利的，流畅的fly (flew, flown)飞，飞行；空运；苍蝇focus聚焦，集中fog雾foggy有雾的，多雾的fold折叠；合拢folk民间的follow跟随；仿效；跟得上fond喜爱的，爱好的fool食物，食品foolish傻子，蠢人foot脚，足；英尺football足球；足球运动for为；因为forbid (forbade, forbidden)禁止，不许force强迫forecast预报，预测forehead前额foreign外国的foreigner外国人foresee (foresaw, foreseen)预见，预知forest森林forever永远，永恒的forget (forgot, forgot/ forgotten)忘记；忘掉forgetful健康的，不留心的forgive (forgave, forgiven)原谅，宽恕fork叉，餐叉form形式，形状；表格format设计，安排；使格式化former以前的，在前的fortnight十四日，两星期fortunate幸运的，侥幸的fortune财产；运气forty四十forward向前，前进；将来found 成立，建立fountain喷泉fox狐狸franc法郎fragile脆的，易碎的；脆弱的fragrant香的framework框架，构架，结构free空闲的，自由的；免费的freedom自由freeway高速公路freeze (froze, frozen)结冰；凝固freezing 结冰的，极冷的frequent时常，屡次；频繁的fresh新鲜的friction摩擦（力）fridge = refrigerator冰箱friend朋友friendly友好的friendship友谊frighten惊吓，惊恐frog蛙from从；从…起；距front前面；前线；前面的frontier边镜，国境；前沿frost霜（冻）fruit 水果；果实fry 油煎；油炸fuel 燃料full 满，充满的；完全的fun 有趣的事；玩笑；娱乐function 功能，作用；职务fundamental 基本的，基础的funeral 葬礼funny 可笑的；有趣的fur 软毛；皮毛；皮子furnished 已装修家具的furniture 家具future 将来Ggain 赚，赢得gallery 美术馆，画廊gallon 加仑game游戏，运动，比赛garage 汽车间garbage 垃圾garden 花园，果园，菜园garlic 大蒜garment （一件）衣服gas 煤气gate 大门gather 聚集gay 愉快的；（男）同性恋的general 总的；大体的；概括的generation 代；一代generous 慷慨的；宽宏大量的gentle 柔和的，轻轻的gentleman 绅士，先生geography 地理学geometry 几何学gesture 姿势，手势；姿态get (got, got)gift 赠品；礼物gifted 有天赋的，有才华的giraffe 长颈鹿girl 女孩give (gave, given) 给，付出；给予glad 高光的，乐意的glance 匆匆一看；一瞥glare 闪耀；怒视，瞪眼glass 玻璃（杯）；眼镜globe 地球，地球仪glory 光荣，荣誉；赞美glove 手套glue 胶（水）go (went, gone)goal 球门，目标goat 山羊god 神；上帝gold 黄金；金的golden 金（黄）色的golf 高尔夫球good (better, best) 好，良好goods 商品；货物goose (geese) 鹅govern 统治，管理government 政府grade 等级，学年；成绩gradual逐渐的，逐步的graduate毕业graduation毕业，毕业典礼grain谷物，谷类gram克grammar语法grand庄严的；伟大的grandchild孙（女）；外孙（女）granddaughter（外）孙女grandma = grandmother（外）祖母grandpa = grandfather 祖父母，外祖父母grandparents（外）祖父母grandson孙子；外孙granny奶奶；外婆grape葡萄graph图表，曲线图grasp抓紧，抓牢grass草，草地grateful感激的，感谢的gravity重力great伟大的；重大的greedy贪婪的green绿色的；青的greengrocer蔬菜水果商greet问候；向…致敬greeting祝贺grey灰白的grill烤架grocer食品商，杂货商grocery杂货店；杂货ground地面group组；群grow (grew, grown)生长；渐渐变得growth 增长，生长guarantee保证，担保guard警戒；保护装置guess猜guest客人，宾客guidance指导，引导guide向导，导游者guilty有罪的，犯法的；做错事的guitar吉他；六弦琴gun枪；炮gym = gymnasium体育馆，健康房gymnastics体操Hhabit习惯，习性hair 头发haircut剃头half半，一半hall大厅；礼堂ham火腿hamburger汉堡包hammer 铁锤，木槌hand手；指针；传递handbag手袋，女用皮包handful一把；少数handkerchief手帕handle柄，把手handsome漂亮的handwriting书法handy手边的，方便的hang (hung, hung或-ed, ed) 吊着；绞死happen发生happiness幸福，快乐happy高兴的，幸福的harbour海港，港口hard努力地；猛烈地hardly几乎不hardship艰难，困苦hardworking 辛勤工作的harm伤害，捐害harmful有害的；致伤的harmony协调，和论；融洽harvest收成，收获hat帽子；礼帽hatch孵蛋hate憎恨；不喜欢have (have, had, had) 有he 他head头；才智；标题headache 头痛headline大字标题headmaster/ mistress中小学校校长health健康；卫生healthy健康的，健壮的hear (heard, heard)听，听见；听说hearing听力heart心；纸牌中的红桃heat热；把…加热heaven天空heavy重的heel脚后跟height高，高度helicopter直飞（飞）机hello喂helmet头盔help帮助，帮忙helpful有帮助的，有益的hen母鸡her她的；她（宾格）herb草本here 这儿，在这里hero英雄，男主角hers她的herself她自己hesitate犹豫；含糊hi嘿；喂hide藏high高的highway公路，大路hill小山；土堆；斜坡him他（宾格）himself他自己hire雇用；租用his他的history历史hit (hit, hit)打；击中；撞hobby业余爱好，嗜好hold (held, held)拿，抱；举行hole洞，坑holiday假日，假期holy神圣的home家，回家，在家homeland家乡，祖国hometown故乡homework家庭作业honest诚实的，正直的honey（蜂）蜜honour荣誉，光荣hook钩；连接hope希望hopeful有希望的hopeless没有希望的horrible令人恐怕的，可怕的host马hostess医院hot热的hotdog热狗hotel旅馆，饭店hour小时house房子；住宅housewife家庭主妇housework家务劳动。

constrain 11 vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束hang in there 坚持一下obscure 8 adj.暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的vt.使暗, 使不明显comment 解释评论comply 6 vi.顺从, 答应, 遵守confirm 6 vt.确定, 批准, 使巩固, 使有效v.确认, (基督教中)给...行按手礼magnify 6 vt.放大, 扩大, 赞美, 夸大, 夸张vi.有放大能力transition 6 n.转变, 转换, 跃迁, 过渡, 变调conform 5 vt.使一致, 使遵守, 使顺从vi.符合, 相似, 适应环境adj.一致的, 顺从的incompatible 5 adj.性质相反的, 矛盾的, 不调和的scrape 5 n.刮, 擦, 擦痕, 刮擦声, 困境vi.刮掉, 擦掉, 刮出刺耳声vt.刮, 擦, 擦伤, transaction 5 n.办理, 处理, 会报, 学报, 交易, 事务, 处理事务transmission 5 n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播trivial 5 adj.琐细的, 价值不高的, 微不足道的ambiguous 4 adj.暧昧的, 不明确的coincide 4 vi.一致, 符合confront 4 vt.使面临, 对抗conspicuous 4 adj.显著的deprive 4 vt.剥夺, 使丧失descend 4 vi.下来, 下降, 遗传(指财产,气质,权利), 突击, 出其不意的拜访v.下去excessive 4 adj.过多的, 过分的, 额外extinctinspire 4 vt.吸(气), 鼓舞, 感动, 激发, 启示, 使生灵感, 产生vi.吸入, 赋予灵感obligation 4 n.义务, 职责, 债务reservation 4 n.保留, (旅馆房间等)预定, 预约subordinate 4 adj.次要的, 从属的, 下级的n.下属v.服从suppress 4 vt.镇压, 抑制, 查禁, 使止住sustain 4 vt.支撑, 撑住, 维持, 持续transformation 4 n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换acknowledge 3 vt.承认, 答谢, 报偿acute 3 adj.敏锐的, [医]急性的, 剧烈appropriate 3 adj.适当的ascribe 3 vt.归因于, 归咎于bewilder 3 vt.使迷惑, 使不知所措, 使昏乱blunder 3 v.跌跌撞撞地走, 犯大错, 做错n.大错, 失误capability 3 n.(实际)能力, 性能, 容量, 接受力claim 3 n.(根据权利提出)要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西vt.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要collide 3 vi.碰撞, 抵触commence 3 v.开始, 着手compete 3 vi.比赛, 竞争compromise 3 n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全confidential 3 adj.秘密的, 机密的confine 3 vt.限制, 禁闭n.界限, 边界consent 3 vi.同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺considerate 3 adj.考虑周到的consistent 3 adj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的, [数、统]相容的contrive 3 v.发明, 设计, 图谋convey 3 vt.搬运, 传达, 转让cumulative 3 adj.累积decline 3 vi.下倾, 下降, 下垂v.拒绝, 衰落n.下倾, 下降, 下垂, 斜面, 斜坡, 衰败, 衰落degrade 3 v.(使)降级, (使)堕落, (使)退化deliberately 3 adv.故意地depress 3 vt.使沮丧, 使消沉, 压下, 压低, 使不活泼, 使萧条v.压下display 3 v.张开dominate 3 v.支配, 占优势elicit 3 vt.得出, 引出, 抽出, 引起enhance 3 vt.提高, 增强v.提高eternal 3 adj.永恒的, 永远的, 不灭的, 没完没了的expand 3 vt.使膨胀, 详述, 扩张vi.张开, 发展expire 3 v.期满, 终止, 呼气, 断气, 届满feeble 3 adj.虚弱的, 衰弱的, 无力的, 微弱的, 薄弱的guarantee 3 n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品vt.保证, 担保heave 3 v.举起n.举起homogeneously 3 homogeneous adj.同种的, 同类的, 相似的纯一的, 均质的; 均匀的【数】齐性的, 齐次的identify 3 vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样v.确定impose 3 vt.征税, 强加, 以...欺骗vi.利用, 欺骗, 施影响impulse 3 n.推动, 刺激, 冲动, 推动力vt.推动inaccessible 3 adj.达不到的, 难以接近incredible 3 adj.<口>难以置信的ingenious 3 adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能inspiration 3 n.灵感intervene 3 vi.干涉, 干预, 插入, 介入, (指时间)介于其间v.干涉intrinsic 3 adj.(指价值、性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的maintain 3 vt.维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张penalty 3 n.处罚, 罚款persistent 3 adj.持久稳固的preclude 3 n.排除presentation 3 n.介绍, 陈述, 赠送, 表达 presumably 3 adv.推测起来, 大概pretext 3 n.借口, 托辞v.借口prolong 3 vt.延长, 拖延recreation 3 n.消遣, 娱乐rectify 3 vt.矫正, 调整, [化]精馏remedy 3 n.药物, 治疗法, 补救, 赔偿vt.治疗, 补救, 矫正, 修缮, 修补renew 3 vt.使更新, 使恢复, 重申, 补充, 续借, 复兴vi.更新, 重新开始scratch 3 n.乱写, 刮擦声, 抓痕, 擦伤vt.乱涂, 勾抹掉, 擦, 刮, 搔, 抓, 挖出vi.发刮擦声, 搔, 抓adj.打草稿用的, 凑合的sensitive 3 adj.敏感的, 灵敏的, 感光simultaneously 3 adv.同时地spontaneously 3 adv.自然地, 本能地superiority 3 superior 优越的；较上的+ -ity 名词后缀n 优势，优越性surplus 3 n.剩余, 过剩, [会计]盈余adj.过剩的, 剩余的vt.转让, 卖掉suspicious 3 adj.(～of) 可疑的, 怀疑的temperament 3 n.气质, 性情, 易激动, 急躁transfer 3 n.迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, 转帐, 过户, 转让vt.转移, 调转, 调任, 传递, 转让, 改变vi.转移, 转学, 换车versatile 3 adj.通用的, 万能的, 多才多艺的, 多面手的vulnerable 3 adj.易受攻击的, 易受...的攻击abnormal 2 adj.反常的, 变态的abolish 2 vt.废止, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等) absorb 2 vt.吸收, 吸引absurd 2 adj.荒谬的, 可笑的accommodation 2 n.住处, 膳宿, (车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节, (社会集团间的)迁就融合acquaint 2 vt.使熟知, 通知adhere 2 vi.粘附, 胶着, 坚持v.坚持admiration 2 n.钦佩, 赞美, 羡慕advocate 2 n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹aggressive 2 adj.好斗的, 敢作敢为的, 有闯劲的, 侵略性的allowance 2 n.津贴, 补助, 宽容, 允许vt.定量供应alternative 2 n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的, 二中择一的ambitious 2 adj.有雄心的, 野心勃勃的appreciation 2 n.感谢, 感激, 正确评价, 欣赏, 增值ascend 2 v.攀登, 上升assemble 2 vt.集合, 聚集, 装配vi.集合assurance 2 n.确信, 断言, 保证, 担保attribute 2 n.属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于budget 2 n.预算vi.做预算, 编入预算capacity 2 n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力, 地位charge 2 n.负荷, 电荷, 费用, 主管, 掌管, 充电, 充气, 装料v.装满, 控诉, 责令, 告诫, 指示, 加罪于, 冲锋, 收费coincidence 2 n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在(尤指偶然)的事commission 2 n.委任, 委托, 代办(权), 代理(权), 犯(罪), 佣金vt.委任, 任命, 委托, 委托制作, 使服役compel 2 vt.强迫, 迫使compensate 2 v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬compensation 2 n.补偿, 赔偿competitive 2 adj.竞争的compliment 2 n.称赞, 恭维, 致意, 问候, 道贺vt.称赞, 褒扬, 恭维comprehension 2 n.理解, 包含comprehensive 2 adj.全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的conceive 2 vt.构思, 以为, 持有vi.怀孕, 考虑, 设想conduct 2 n.行为, 操行v.引导, 管理, 为人, 传导confinement 2 n.(被)限制, (被)禁闭, 产期, 分娩conflict 2 n.斗争, 冲突vi.抵触, 冲突conscientious 2 adj.尽责的conservation 2 n.保存, 保持, 守恒conserve 2 vt.保存, 保藏consolidate 2 v.巩固consult 2 v.商量, 商议, 请教, 参考, 考虑contamination 2 n.玷污, 污染, 污染物contemplate 2 v.凝视, 沉思, 预期, 企图contest 2 n.论争, 竞赛v.,争论, 争辩, 竞赛, 争夺converge 2 v.聚合, 集中于一点vt.会聚convince 2 vt.使确信, 使信服crash 2 n.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声v.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, (指商业公司, 政府等)破产, 垮台crude 2 adj.天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的, 拙劣的, 粗鲁的n.天然的物质decent 2 adj.正派的, 端庄的, 有分寸的, (服装)得体的, 大方的adj.<口>相当好的、象样的decorate 2 v.装饰, 为...做室内装修decrease 2 n.减少, 减少之量v.减少dedicate 2 vt.献(身), 致力, 题献(一部著作给某人)defy 2 vt.不服从, 公然反抗, 藐视, 挑衅, 违抗, 使...难于n.挑战deliberate 2 adj.深思熟虑的, 故意的, 预有准备的v.商讨delicate 2 adj.精巧的, 精致的, 病弱的, 脆弱的, 微妙的, 棘手的, 灵敏的, 精密的demanding 2 adj.过分要求的, 苛求的demonstration 2 n.示范, 实证denial 2 n.否认, 否定, 谢绝, 拒绝destruction 2 n.破坏, 毁灭deteriorate 2 v.(使)恶化deviation 2 n.背离dilemma 2 n.进退两难的局面, 困难的选择diminish 2 v.(使)减少, (使)变小discrimination 2 n.辨别, 区别, 识别力, 辨别力, 歧视disperse 2 v.(使)分散, (使)散开, 疏散distinction 2 n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫distort 2 vt.弄歪(嘴脸等), 扭曲, 歪曲(真理、事实等), 误报distract 2 v.转移divert 2 v.转移, 转向, 使高兴drive 2 n.驾车, 驱动器, 快车道, 推进力, 驱使, 动力, 干劲, 击球vt.开车, 驱赶, 推动、发动(机器等), 驾驶(马车,汽车等)vi.开车, 猛击, 飞跑n.[计]驱动器economy 2 n.经济, 节约, 节约措施, 经济实惠, 系统, 机体, 经济制度的状况embarrass 2 vt.使困窘, 使局促不安, 阻碍, 麻烦enforce 2 vt.强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强engagement 2 n.约会, 婚约, 诺言, 交战, 接站, 雇拥, [机]接合disengagement n. 解开, 脱离解约; 解雇闲暇, 自由enroll 2 v.[亦作enrol] 登记, 招收, 使入伍(或入会、入学等), 参加, 成为成员ensure 2 vt.保证, 担保, 使安全, 保证得到v.确保, 确保, 保证estimate 2 v.估计, 估价, 评估n.估计, 估价, 评估uation 2 n.估价, 评价, 赋值evoke 2 vt.唤起, 引起, 博得exaggerate 2 v.夸大, 夸张excite 2 vt.刺激, 使兴奋, 使激动vi.<口>兴奋, 激动exclude 2 vt.拒绝接纳, 把...排除在外, 排斥exclusive 2 adj.排外的, 孤高的, 唯我独尊的, 独占的, 唯一的, 高级的exhibit 2 vt.展出, 陈列n.展览品, 陈列品, 展品v.展示explore 2 v.探险, 探测, 探究extend 2 v.扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大[军]使疏开, 给予, 提供, 演化出的全文,fabricate 2 vt.制作, 构成, 捏造, 伪造, 虚构fake 2 n.假货, 欺骗adj.假的vt.伪造, 赝造, 捏造, 假造, 仿造vi.伪装fatal 2 adj.致命的, 重大的, 命运注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毁灭性的feasible 2 adj.可行的, 切实可行的fire 2force 2furnish 2 vt.供应, 提供, 装备, 布置v.供给generate 2 vt.产生, 发生gloomy 2 adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的grade 2 n.等级, 级别vt.评分, 评级v.分等级grant 2 vt.同意, 准予, 承认(某事为真)～guilt 2 n.罪行, 内疚hamper 2 v.妨碍, 牵制hoist 2 n.提升间, 升起hostile 2 adj.敌对的, 敌方的n.敌对humble 2 adj.卑下的, 微贱的, 谦逊的, 粗陋的vt.使...卑下, 挫, 贬抑identical 2 adj.同一的, 同样的identification 2 n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明, 视为同一ignite 2 v.点火, 点燃immerse 2 vt.沉浸, 使陷入impart 2 vt.给予(尤指抽象事物), 传授, 告知, 透露inadequate 2 adj.不充分的, 不适当的increase 2 n.增加, 增大, 增长vt.增加, 加大vi.增加, 繁殖increasingly 2 adv.日益, 愈加indignant 2 adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的inevitable 2 adj.不可避免的, 必然的inevitably 2 adv.不可避免infectious 2 adj.有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的inferior 2 adj.下等的, 下级的, 差的, 次的, 自卑的, 劣等的inform 2 v.(～of/about) 通知, 告诉, 获悉, 告知inherent 2 adj.固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的insight 2 n.洞察力, 见识instantaneous 2 adj.瞬间的, 即刻的, 即时的intensify 2 vt.加强vi.强化interpretation 2 n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译intimidate 2 v.胁迫intricate 2 adj.复杂的, 错综的, 难以理解的intuition 2 n.直觉, 直觉的知识invalid 2 n.病人, 残废者adj.有病的, 残废的irritate 2 vt.激怒, 使急躁v.刺激legislation 2 n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过) lessen 2 v.减少, 减轻literal 2 adj.文字的, 照字面上的, 无夸张的luxury 2 n.奢侈, 华贵manifestation 2 n.显示, 表现, 示威运动manipulate 2 vt.(熟练地)操作, 使用(机器等), 操纵(人或市价、市场), 利用, 应付, 假造vt.(熟练地)操作,巧妙地处理massive 2 adj.厚重的, 大块的, 魁伟的, 结实的mingle 2 v.(使)混合minimize 2 vt.将...减到最少v.最小化minor 2 n.未成年人, 副修科目adj.较小的, 次要的, 二流的, 未成年的vi.辅修n.[乐]小调, 小音阶mistake 2monitor 2 n.班长, 监听器, 监视器, 监控器vt.监控v.监控multiply 2 v.繁殖, 乘, 增加nasty 2 adj.污秽的, 肮脏的, 令人厌恶的, 淫秽的, 下流的, 凶相的, 威胁的notorious 2 adj.声名狼籍的objective 2 n.目标, 目的, (显微镜的)(接)物镜, [语法]宾格adj.客观的, [语法]宾格的oblige 2 vt.迫使, 责成observation 2 n.观察, 观测, 观察资料(或报告)offensive 2 adj.讨厌的, 无礼的, 攻击性的n.进攻, 攻势option 2 n.选项, 选择权, [经]买卖的特权order 2 n.次序, 顺序, 正常(工作)状态, 秩序, 会议规则, 命令, 定购, 定单vt.命令, 定购, 定制original 2 adj.最初的, 原始的, 独创的, 新颖的n.原物, 原作originate 2 vt.引起, 发明, 发起, 创办vi.起源, 发生overwhelmed 2 vt.淹没, 覆没, 受打击, 制服, 压倒overwhelming 2 adj.压倒性的, 无法抵抗的payment 2 n.付款, 支付, 报酬, 偿还, 报应, 惩罚permanent 2 adj.永久的, 持久的permeate 2 vt.弥漫, 渗透, 透过, 充满vi.透入perpetual 2 adj.永久的persistence 2 n.坚持, 持续plunge 2 n.跳进, 投入vi.投入, 跳进, 陷入vt.使投入, 使插入, 使陷入potential 2 adj.潜在的, 可能的, 势的, 位的n.潜能, 潜力, 电压precious 2 adj.宝贵的, 贵重的, 珍爱的, 过于精致的, 珍爱的preliminary 2 adj.预备的, 初步的premise 2 n.[逻][法]前提, (企业, 机构等使用的)房屋连地基vt.提论, 预述, 假定vi.作出前提prescription 2 n.指示, 规定, 命令, 处方, 药方prestige 2 n.声望, 威望, 威信prent 2 adj.普遍的, 流行的primitive 2 adj.原始的, 远古的, 粗糙的, 简单的priority 2 n.先, 前, 优先, 优先权profound 2 adj.深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的prominent 2 adj.卓越的, 显著的, 突出的puzzle 2 n.难题, 谜v.(使)迷惑, (使)为难, 迷惑不解reckon 2 vt.计算, 总计, 估计, 猜想vi.数, 计算, 估计, 依赖, 料想reclaim 2 vt.要求归还, 收回, 开垦recognize 2 vt.认可, 承认, 公认, 赏识vi.具结reconcile 2 vt.使和解, 使和谐, 使顺从reflection 2 n.反射, 映象, 倒影, 反省, 沉思, 反映refute 2 vt.驳倒, 反驳repel 2 vt.击退, 抵制, 使厌恶, 使不愉快 reproduction 2 n.繁殖, 再现, 复制reputation 2 n.名誉, 名声resort 2 vi.求助, 诉诸, 采取(某种手段等), 常去n.凭借, 手段, 常去之地, 胜地respectable 2 adj.可敬的, 有名望的, 高尚的, 值得尊敬的respectful 2 adj.恭敬的, 尊敬的, 尊重人的, 有礼貌的response 2 n.回答, 响应, 反应restrain 2 vt.抑制, 制止retain 2 vt.保持, 保留revelation 2 n.显示, 揭露, 被揭露的事, 新发现, 启示, 揭示revenge 2 n.报仇, 复仇vt.替...报仇, 复仇rigorous 2 adj.严格的, 严厉的, 严酷的, 严峻的scan 2 v.细看,审视,浏览,扫描n.扫描sequence 2 n.次序, 顺序, 序shear 2 v.剪, 修剪, 剪切sheer 2 adj.全然的, 纯粹的, 绝对的, 彻底的, 透明的, 峻峭的vi.避开, 躲避, 偏航vt.使避开, 使偏航adv.完全, 全然, 峻峭n.偏航shield 2 n.防护物, 护罩, 盾, 盾状物vt.(from) 保护, 防护v.遮蔽shortage 2 n.不足, 缺乏sincerely 2 adv.真诚地skeptical 2 adj.怀疑性的,好怀疑的,<口>无神论的smash 2 v.打碎, 粉碎n.打碎, 粉碎adj.出色的sophisticated 2 adj.诡辩的, 久经世故的specific 2 n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]种的specification 2 n.详述, 规格, 说明书, 规范speculate 2 vi.推测, 思索, 做投机买卖standardize 2 vt.使符合标准, 使标准化 stationary 2 固定的strengthen 2 v.加强, 巩固string 2 n.线, 细绳, 一串, 一行v.排成一列submit 2 v.(使)服从, (使)顺从vt.提交, 递交subsidiary 2 adj.辅助的, 补充的sufficient 2 adj.充分的, 足够的superficial 2 adj.表面的, 肤浅的, 浅薄的tedious 2 adj.单调乏味的, 沉闷的, 冗长乏味的tempt 2 vt.诱惑, 引诱, 吸引, 使感兴趣, 考验, 试探terminate 2 v.停止, 结束, 终止texture 2 n.(织品的)质地, (木材, 岩石等的)纹理, (皮肤)肌理, (文艺作品)结构threshold 2 n.开始, 开端, 极限toss 2 v.投, 掷total 2 n.总数, 合计adj.总的, 全部的, 整个的v.合计, 总数达, 达到tow 2 n.拖, 拖曳所用之绳, 麻的粗纤维vt.拖, 曳, 牵引vi.拖行, 被拖带transform 2 vt.转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形vi.改变, 转化, 变换n.[数]变换(式), [语]转换tumble 2 n.跌倒, 摔跤, 翻斤斗vi.翻倒, 摔倒, 倒塌, 滚动, 翻筋斗, 仓惶地行动vt.使摔倒, 使滚翻, 弄乱turbulent 2 adj.狂暴的, 吵闹的uniform 2 adj.统一的, 相同的, 一致的, 始终如一的, 均衡的n.制服vt.使成一样, 使穿制服uniquely 2 adv.独特地,唯一地,珍奇地validity 2 n.有效性, 合法性, 正确性vigorous 2 adj.精力旺盛的, 有力的, 健壮的virtually 2 adv.事实上, 实质上vivid 2 adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 大胆的, 清晰的, 活泼的, 逼真的void 2 n.空间, 空旷, 空虚, 怅惘adj.空的, 无人的, 空闲的, 无效的, 无用的, 没有的vulgar 2 adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的, 普通的, 通俗的, 本土的n.<古>平民, 百姓warrant 2 n.授权, 正当理由, 根据, 证明, 凭证, 委任状, 批准, 许可证vt.保证, 辩解, 担保, 批准, 使有正当理由。

词汇练习3详解1resist: vt. 抵制；反抗；克制•Our trade union has resisted theintroduction ofautomation.This special coating isdesignedto resist rust.2offended: adj. 被冒犯的；被触怒的；生气的•Clarissa looked offended.3incline: vt. 使倾向于；使有意于;•incline sb to do sth: 使某人倾向于做某事•A bad day at work mayincline you to be evenmore stubborn .sb be inclined to do sth:某人倾向于做某事seal: vt. 封；封闭；密封•The solicitor took a sealedenvelope from the folderon his desk.yield: v. 屈服；屈从•yield to:•The finance manageryielded to his critics andhalved the March budget.stiff: adj. 僵硬的；不易弯曲的；（肌肉或关节）活动时不灵活的•I went stiff with terror.•I’m too stiff to move afterthat yoga last night.solve: vt. 解决；genuine: adj. 真正的；纯正的；非伪造的；•The experts decided thatthe painting was a genuineTang Bohu.•genuine Mexican food9slide: n. 幻灯片；滑梯；发夹；govern: v. 统治；治理•to govern a nation; •People are sure that they can govern better than the politicians.govern: v. 控制；支配•There are strict rulesgoverning the killing andcooking of cats and dogs.funds: n. 经费；专款；资金•congress cut back thefunds for the program.•they have spent theirscarce fundson expensivehousing.fund: n. （用于慈善事业或其他事业的）基金；专款•a fund was set up tomaintain thebuilding.•the disaster fundfund: v. 为...提供基金；资助•the program was beingfunded both bygovernments and privateindustry.function•n. 功能•fundamental基本的；根本的•funeral•葬礼operate : v . 经营；管理•There are a lot ofmultinational companies operating inChina now .•He operatesan Afghannews service .paint•画；绘画；油漆；•tie捆；绑；系；缚•fetch•（去）拿来be fond of : 喜欢的；喜欢做的；喜爱adventure•历险；冒险•grammatical语法的guilty : adj . 犯罪的；有罪的•He was found guilty ofpassing on secret papersto a foreign power .guilty : adj . 内疚的；•They feel guilty aboutseeing her so little .spoil•损坏；宠坏；（食物）变坏•curious好奇的delicate : adj . 微妙的；棘手的；•a very delicate social and political balance•the delicate sphere of racerelationsdelicious•可口的；美味的•perfect完美的persuade: v. 说服；劝说•persuade sb；•persuade sb to do sth;persuade sb into sth;Marsha was still trying topersuade Posy to changeher mind.•They hadno difficulty inpersuading him to launch anew paper.He is the sort of man thatcould bepersuaded intoanything.recognize•认出；识别；承认•extend延伸；延长；扩大；•unexpected•出乎意料的estimate: v. 估量；估计•sb estimate sth;•sbestimate sth/sb to dosth;sb estimate that...•it is estimated that...Thehurricane causeddamage estimated at 300million pounds.overlook: vt. 俯瞰；俯视•...a room which overlookedthegarden...•...windows overlooking theplayground...overlook: vt. 忽视；忽略；看漏•They overlook theenormous risks involved...•I decided to overlook hisunkindness .ignore: vt. 不顾；不理；对...置若罔闻•Ralph ignored Jack’squestion.•The President cannotrudely ignore any head ostate who chooses tocome here.The Government ignoredhis advice...sincere: adj. (指人）诚恳的；真诚的；•He was decent, sincere, agood man.loan : n. 贷款•The government had tomake a further loan of$3.3m to save the industry.loan : v. 借...给•loan sth•loan sb sthloan sth to sb•He never loaned his car toanybody.medium: n. （表现）方式；（交流）手段•I went to secondary schoolin a country where Englishis not the medium ofinstruction.media: n. 宣传工具；传播媒介（如电视、报纸和广播）•The news media are onlyinterested in bad news.•mass mediashed: v. 流（泪）；（因暴力或战争）流血•...a child shedding tearsover a broken toy...•They called for an end tothe shedding of blood .disappoint: v. 使失望•You disappoint me;i hadexpected you to behavemore responsibly.•The answer must havedisappointed him.desert:•抛弃；离弃•clarify:澄清；阐明•oppose:•反对outline: n. 提纲challenge: n. 挑战stable : adj. 稳定的•Oil prices are stable for the first time in years.•...a stable marriage...... the most politicallystable country in theregion...performance: n. 表演；演出•after the performance Iwent round to see her inherdressing room... performance: n. 工作情况；成绩；业绩•Many people are extremelydisappointed with theperformance of thisgovernment.•How is a company tomeasure its performance?performance: n. （特定场合的）表现twin: n. 双胞胎fulfill: v. 兑现；完成；履行；满足•They failed to fulfill theirpromises to revive theeconomy.•I had fulfilled many of myyouthful ambitions.interrupt: v. 打断；插嘴•sb interrupt•sb interrupt sbSorry to interrupt but ihave an urgent messagefor you...•I knew better than tointerrupt him when he wason the phone.expose : v . 使暴露；使显露；使暴露于（险境）；使遭受（危险等）•expose sth ;•His shirt was open ,exposing the blue and red lines of the tattoo on hischest .expose sbto sth ;•sb be exposed to sth ;•They had been exposed toradiation ...express :•表达•explode :爆炸•exploit :•开采；利用reflect: v . 反映；表现；显示•The choiceof school reflectsDad’s hopes for us .•Their stock prices fell to thelevels that did not reflect the true value of their assets .affect :•影响•react :反应•recognize •承认；认出withdraw : v . （军队）撤离；撤走•Resolutions were passedcalling for Israeli army to withdraw from Palestinian territory .withdraw : v . （从银行账户或储蓄账户）提取（款项）•You must present your cheque card when you withdraw any money .feedback :•反馈•departure :离开dramatic : adj . 引人注目的；突然而惊人的；急剧的；显著的；紧张刺激的；扣人心弦的；•I expect to see dramatic improvements .•Landing on the moon wasone of the most dramatic adventures of this century .ceremony: n. 典礼；仪式•wedding ceremony;•coronation ceremony;graduation ceremony;chase: v. 追赶excess: n. 超过；过量•Inflation results from an excess ofdemand oversupply .•This report shoulddiscourage us all fromeating an excess of fat.in excess of...weaken•削弱•omit省略•overcome•克服overtake•赶上；超过insurance•保险•expense花费；支出evidence•证据•favor•喜爱；偏爱•favorite最喜欢的物•fever•发烧flavor味道。

Aability n. 能力，才能able a.能够，有能力的be able to do sth.about ad./prep.大约，关于，到处above prep.a./ad.在上面abroad ad.到国外，在国外absence n.缺席，不在absent a.缺席的，不在的absorb vt. 吸收，合并abstract a. 抽象的academic a. 学术的accept vt. 接受access n. 通路,（使用或见到的）机会，权利accident n. 事故，意外的事account n. 账目，描述accurate a. 精确的accuse vt. 控告across prep. 横过，穿过act n. 法令，条例v.（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事actor n. 男演员actress n. 女演员actual a. 实际的，现实的add vt.添加，增加admit vt. 承认，准许（入学，入会，入场）adopt vt. 收养，采用affect vt. 影响afraid a. 害怕的；担心的be afraid (of ) 害怕，担心Africa n. 非洲African a.非洲的，非洲人的n. 非洲人after ad. 在后，后来prep.在…之后；在…后面conj.在…以后afternoon n. 下午again ad. 再一次；再；又again and again 反复地，再三地once again 再一次；又against prep. 对着，反对age n. 年龄，时代at the age of 几岁时ago ad. 以前agree vi.同意，应允vt. agree that-从句同意agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的看法ahead ad. 在前，向前air n. 空气，大气by air 乘飞机airport n. 飞机场alarm n. 警报alcohol n. 酒精，酒all ad.全部地a. 所有的；总；整pron. 全部；全体人员all over 到处；遍及，结束in all 总共，总计，总之not at all 一点也不，绝非album n. 相册，影集allow vt. 允许，准许almost ad. 几乎，差不多along ad. 向前；和…一起；一同prep.沿着，顺着aloud ad. 大声地already ad. 已经also ad. 也ambition n. 目标；抱负；野心America n. 美国；美洲American a. 美国的；美国人的n. 美国人among prep. 在…中间；在（三个以上）之间amount n. 数量；金额amuse vt. (使人)快乐；逗乐ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先and conj. 和；又；而angle n. 角；角度；观点angry a. 生气的，愤怒的be angry with sb. 生某人的气animal n. 动物annoy vt.（使）烦恼another a. 再一；别的；不同的pron. 另一个one after another 一个接一个地；陆续地anniversary n. 周年纪念日answer n. 回答，答复；回信；答案v. 回答，答复；回信；(作出)答案anxious a. 忧虑的，焦急的any pron.（无论）哪一个；哪些a. 任何的；（用于疑问句、否定句）一些；什么anything pron. 什么事（物）；任何事（物）*anyway ad. 不管怎样anywhere ad. 任何地方apart ad.（空间或时间）相隔；分离apart from 除了，除去apartment n. （美）楼中单元房；房间appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出现，露面；容貌apple n. 苹果approach v. 接近，靠近April n. 四月architecture n. 建筑学area n. 面积；地域；范围argue vi. 争辩，争论arm n. 臂，支架v. 以…装备，武装起来(pl)n.（美）武器，武力arrest vt. 逮捕take sth. in one’s arms怀抱着army n. 军队around ad. 在周围；在附近prep. 在…周围；大约arrive vi. 到达；达到arrive at/in a place 到达某地art n. 艺术，美术；技艺not as/so… as不如，不像as if /though 似乎，好像Asia n. 亚洲Asian a. 亚洲的；亚洲人的n. 亚洲人aside ad. 在旁边ask v. 问，询问；请求；邀请ask for sth 索要，ask sb. for sth. 向…某人索要asleep a. 睡着的，熟睡aspect n. 方面，外观assistant n. 助手，助理assume v. 假定at prep. 在（几点钟）；在（某处）athlete n. 运动员attach vt. 把…固定；认为…有重要性pay attention to 注意attract v.吸引，引起August n. 八月autumn n. 秋天；秋季awake a. 醒着的v. 唤醒award n. 奖品，奖励away ad. 离开；远离Bback ad. 回（原处）；向后a. 后面的n. 背后，后部；背bad a.坏的；有害的；严重的；不利的badly ad. 坏，恶劣地badminton n. 羽毛球bag n. 书包；提包；袋子baggag n. 行李balance n. 平衡ball n. 球；舞会banana n.香蕉band n. 乐队，带子；一伙人bank n.岸，堤；银行bare a. 赤裸的basis n.基础，主要原则bath n. 洗澡；浴室；澡盆bathroom n.浴室battery n. 电池battle n.战斗；战役be( am, are, is , was, were, being, been ) v.是bear v. 承受，负担；忍受；容忍n.熊beard n.（下巴上的）胡须beautiful a. 美丽的because conj. 因为because of 因为become v. 变得；成为( became, become )bed n. 床go to bed 上床睡觉make the bed 铺床bedroom n. 卧室beer n.啤酒before prep. 在…以前；在…前面ad. 以前conj.在…之前beginning n. 开始，开端at the beginning of 在…初believe v. 相信，认为bell n.钟，铃，铃声belly n.肚子below prep. 在…下面bench n.长凳；工作台bend vt.使弯曲best a & ad. 最好的（地），最n. 最好的人（物）do one’s best尽力all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意better a. & ad. 较好的；更好地；更n. 较好的事物；较优者v. 改善；胜过had better 最好做between prep.在（两者）之间;在…中间bicycle/bike n.自行车big a. 大的bill n.账单；法案；（美）钞票bird n. 鸟birthday n. 生日birthplace n. 出生地；故乡bit n.一点，一些，少量的a bit (of ) 有一点，一会儿bitter a.有苦味的;痛苦的;难过的;严酷的black n. 黑色a. 黑色的blank n. & a. 空格，空白（处）bleed vi.出血，流血blow n. 击；打击v. 吹；刮风；吹气blue n.蓝色a.蓝色的board n. 木板；布告牌；委员会；（政府的）部v.上（船、火车、飞机）book n. 书；本子v. 预定，定（房间、车票等）border n.边缘，边境，国界born a. 出生be born 出生both a.两；双pron.两者；双方both…and两个都，既…又…bowl n. 碗box n. 盒子，箱子boy n. 男孩brake n. 闸vi.刹车brand n. 品牌bread n.面包break n.间隙v.打破；损坏；撕开break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发breakfast n.早餐at breakfast 吃早餐have breakfast吃早餐hold one’s breath屏住呼吸out of breath 气喘吁吁bridge n. 桥brief a. 简洁的bright a.明亮的；聪明的bring ( brought, brought ) vt.拿来；带来Britain n. 英国British a. 英国的；英国人的brown n. 褐色，棕色a.褐色的，棕色的brush v. 刷；擦n. 刷子budget n.预算build v. 建筑；造building n. 建筑物；房屋；大楼burden n. 负担，重担v.（使）负担bury vt. 埋；葬bus n. 公共汽车bush n. 灌木丛business n.（本分）工作；职责；剩余busy a.忙（碌）的be busy doing sth 忙于做某事be busy with sth. 忙于某事but conj.但是，可是prep. 除了，除…外buy ( bought, bought ) vt. 买by prep. 靠近，在…旁边；不迟于；被；用；由；乘（车）by bus/car/plane/train/ship/air 乘坐公汽/轿车/飞机/火车/轮船/飞机bye-bye 再见Ccake n.蛋糕calculate vt. 计算，核算call n.喊，叫；电话，通话v. 称呼；呼唤；喊，叫call for 需要；去接（人），提倡，号召calm a. 镇静的；沉着的v. 镇静；沉着camera n. 照相机；摄像机can modal v.可能；能够；可以Canada n.加拿大Canadian a. 加拿大的；加拿大人的n.加拿大人cancer n.癌candidate n.候选人capital n. 首都，省会；大写；资本car n. 汽车，小卧车card n. 卡片；名片；纸牌care n. 照料，保护；小心v.介意，在乎；关心care for 照顾（病人），非常喜欢take care of 照料，爱护careful a.小心的，仔细的，谨慎的careless a. 粗心的carry vt. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱等carry on 继续carry out 履行，实施，执行cash n. 现金v. 兑现casual a.随便的，漫不经心的cat n. 猫catch ( caught, caught ) v.接住，捉住，赶上；染上（疾病）cave n.洞，穴；地窖center/centre n. 中心，中央centimeter n.公分，厘米century n. 世纪，百年ceremony n. 典礼；仪式certain a.某…；确定的，无疑的；一定会…certainly ad.当然，一定，无疑chair n. 椅子chairman( pl.chairmen ) n. 主席，会长champion n. 冠军，优胜者chance n. 机会，可能性change… into把…变成channel n.频道；通道；水渠chapter n. 章character n. （汉）字，字体；品格chat n. & vi. 聊天，闲谈cheap a.便宜的cheat n. & v. 骗取，哄骗；作弊check n.检查；批改vt. 校对，核对；检查；批改cheer n. & vi. 欢呼，喝彩cheese n.奶酪cheque/check n.支票chicken n. 鸡；鸡肉child ( pl. children ) n. 孩子，儿童China n.中国Chinese a.中国的；中国话的；中国人的n.中国人；中国话；汉语chocolate n. 巧克力choose (chose, chosen ) vt. 选择Christmas n.圣诞节church n.教堂；教会cinema n. 电影院；电影go to the cinema 看电影city n.市，城市，都市civil a. 国内的；平民的；民用的class n. 班；课have classes 上课after class 课后classmate n. 同班同学clear a. 清晰的；明亮的；清楚的clerk n. 书记员；办事员；职员climate n. 气候close a. 亲密的；近；靠近ad. 靠近，近vt.关，关闭cloud n. 云；云状物；阴影coach n. 教练；马车；长途车coast n. 海岸；海滨cock n. 公鸡coffee n. 咖啡cold a. 冷的，寒的n. 寒冷；感冒；伤风catch/take cold 患感冒have a cold 感冒collect vt.收集，搜集college n. 学院；专科学校go to college 上大学colo(u)r n. 颜色vt. 给…着色；涂色come ( came, come ) vi. 来，来到come back 回来，想起来come down 下来，落come from 来自，出生（于）come in 进来，进入come on 来吧，赶快come out（书等）出版，发行；出来comfortable a.舒服的；安逸的comment n. 评论commercial a.贸易的，商业的committee n. 委员会common a. 常见的，共有的，共同的communism n.共产主义communist n.共产主义者a. 共产党的；共产主义的companion n.同伴；同事company n. 公司compare vt. 比较，对照compete vi. 比赛，竞赛computer n.计算机comrade n. 同志concentrate v.集中，聚精会神concrete a.具体的，有形的，混凝土制的n.混凝土conduct vt. 引导，带领conductor n. 管理人；指导者；（车上的）售票员，列车员；乐队指挥confirm v.证实，证明，确认conflict n.冲突，争执，争论v. (两种思想、说法的)冲突，抵触connect vt. 连接，把…联系起来consider vt. 考虑be considered as 被认为是consist v. 包含，组成，构成constant a. 经常的，不断的construction n. 建造，建设，建筑物consume vt.消耗，耗费，吃，喝contain v.包含；包括；能容纳content a. 甘愿的，满意的n. 内容continent n. 大陆，大洲；陆地convenient a. 方便的，便利的conversation n. 谈话，交谈cook n.炊事员，厨师v.烹调，做饭corner n. 角；角落；拐角correct v.改正；纠正a.正确的，恰当的cost ( cost, cost ) v. 花费，值（多少钱）n.价格count vt. 数，点数counter n.柜台，结账处countryside n.乡下，农村couple n.夫妇，一对court n. 法庭，法院cover n.盖子；罩v. 覆盖，遮盖；掩盖be covered with 被…覆盖crash n. 撞车，碰撞，相撞crazy a.疯狂的creature n. 生物，动物credit n.信用；信赖；信誉crew n.全体船员crop n. 庄稼；收成cup n. 茶杯cut (cut, cut ) v. 切，剪，削，割n.伤口Ddad n. (口语)爸爸，爹爹daily a. 每日的；日常的ad. 每天n. 日报dance n. & v i. 跳舞dark n.黑暗；暗处；日暮a. 黑暗的；暗淡的；深色的darkness n.黑暗，阴暗daughter n. 女儿day n. (一)天，（一）日；白天by day 在白天，日间day after day 日复一日day and night 日日夜夜，夜以继日one day （过去）某一天，有朝一日the day before yesterday 前天the day after tomorrow 后天the other day 前几天deaf a.聋的dear int. (表示惊愕等)哎呀！唷！a. 亲爱的；贵的deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期debate n.& v. 讨论，辩论debt n.债务；欠款December n.12月decide v. 决定；下决心decision n. 决定；决心decorate vt.装饰，修饰decrease v.减少，减小，降低n. 减少，降低；减少量deed n.行为；事迹do a good deed 做好事deep a.深ad.深；深厚defeat vt.击败；战胜defence/defense n.& v. 防御；防务degree n.程度；度数；学位delete v.删去department n.部门；（机关的）司，处；（大学的）系deserve v.值得；应得；应受design n.& vt.设计，策划n. 图案，图样，模式destination n. 目的地，终点detect vt.发现，查明，侦察出diagram n. 图表，图样dial vt.拨（电话号码）dialogue/dialog n.对话dictionary n.词典，字典die vi.死differ v.相异，有区别difference n. 不同different a.不同的，有差异的difficult a. 难的；艰难的；不易相处的difficulty n.困难，费力digest v.消化；领会digital a.数字的，数码的dinner n.正餐，宴会dining-room 食堂，饭厅direction n.方向；方位director n.所长，处长，主任，董事，导演disagree vi.意见不一致disappear vi.消失disappoint vt.使失望disaster n. 灾难，祸患discount n. 折扣discovery n. 发现discriminate v.歧视discuss vt.讨论，议论disk=disc n. 磁盘dislike vt.不喜欢；厌恶distinguish v.区分；辨别；分清district n.区；地区；区域do well in 在…干得好doctor n.医生；博士document n. 文件；文献dog n.狗dollar n.美元donate vt.捐赠，捐献door n.门dormitory n. 学生宿舍dot n.点，小点，圆点double a. 两倍的，双的n. 两个；双download n.& v.下载（计算机用语）draw v.绘画；拉，托；提取（金钱）drawer n. 抽屉drawing n.图画，素描（画）；绘画dream n.& v.梦，梦想dress n. 女服，连衣裙；（统称）服装；童装v.穿衣，穿着drill n.钻头，（反复的）训练vt. 钻（孔）；重复训练drink n.饮料；喝酒v.喝，饮drive v. 驾驶，开（车）；驱赶drop n.滴v.掉下，落下；投递；放弃drown vi. 溺死；淹没drug n.药；毒品drunk a.醉的dry v.使…干；弄干；擦干a. 干的，干燥的duck n. 鸭子due a.预期的；约定的dull a. 阴暗的；单调无味的during prep. 在…期间；在…过程中dust n.灰尘，尘土dusty a. 尘土般的，尘土多的duty n. 责任，义务Eeach a.& pron.每人，每个，每件each other 互相，彼此eager a.渴望的，热切的ear n.耳朵；耳状物；听力，听觉early a.早的ad.早地earn vt.挣得，赚得earth n.地球；土，泥；大地earthquake n. 地震east a. 东方的；东部的；朝东的；从东方来的ad. 在东方；向东方；从东方n. 东，东方；东部eastern a. 东方的；东部的easy a.容易的，不费力的take it easy 别急；沉住气；从容点eat v. 吃eat up 吃完，吃光edge n. 边缘edit vt.编辑，校订；剪辑；主编education n. 教育，培养effect n.效果；作用effort n. 努力，艰难的尝试egg n.蛋；卵eight num. 八either a.两方任一方的；二者之一conj. 二者之一；要么…ad.（用于否定句或短语后）也either…or（对两事物的选择）要么…要么；或者…或者elder n.长者；前辈elect vt. (投票)选举electric a. 电的electricity n. 电；电流electronic a.电子的elephant n. 大象eleven num. 十一else ad.别的，其他的embarrass vt.使窘迫，使尴尬employ vt.雇佣empty a. 空的encourage vt.鼓励end n.末尾；终点；结束v.结束，终止in the end 最后，终于endless a.无止境的；没完的enemy n. 敌人；敌军energy n. 精力，能量engine n. 发动机，引擎engineer n.工程师；技师England n. 英格兰English a. 英国的；英国人的；英语的in English 用英语Englishman (pl. Englishmen ) n. 英国（男）人enjoy vt.欣赏；喜欢；享受…之乐趣enjoy oneself 玩得痛快enjoyable a.愉快的；有趣的enough n. 足够；充分a. 足够的；充分的ad. 足够地；充分地enter vt. 进入entertainment n.娱乐entire a.整个的，全部的entrance n.入口；入场；进入的权利；入学许可envelope n. 信封environment n.环境envy vt. & n. 妒忌；羡慕equal a.平等的vt.等于，使等于equipment n.装备，设备error n.错误；差错escape n.& vi.逃跑；逃脱especially ad. 特别，尤其essay n.散文；文章；随笔Europe n. 欧洲European a.欧洲的；欧洲人的n.欧洲人evaluate vt. 评价，评估even ad. 甚至，连（…都）；更even if/though 即使；尽管evening n. 傍晚，晚上event n. 事件，大事ever ad.曾经；无论如何ever since 自从，从…起for ever 永远every a.每一，每个的everybody/everyone pron. 每人，人人everyday a.每日的；日常的everything pron. 每件事；事事everywhere ad.到处evidence n.证明；证据；根据exact a. 精确的；确切的exactly ad.精确地；确切地examination/exam n. 考试，测试；检查；审查examine vt.检查；诊察example n. 例子；榜样for example 例如excellent a.极好的，优秀的except prep. 除…之外excite vt. 使兴奋；使激动exciting a.令人激动的，使人兴奋的excuse n.借口；辩解vt. 原谅；宽恕exercise n.锻炼，做操；练习，习题vi.锻炼exhibition n.展览；展览会exist vi.存在exit n.出口，太平门expand v.扩大，增加；增强expect vt.预料；盼望；认为expense n. 消费；支出expensive a. 昂贵的experience n.经验；经历experiment n.实验expert n.专家，能手explain vt. 解释，说明explanation n.解释，说明explode v.（使）爆炸exploit vt.开采，开发；利用；剥削explore v. 勘探；勘查；探索，探究export vt.& n. 出口，输出express vt. 表达；表示；表情n.快车，特快专递expression n.表达；词句；表示，说法；表情extra a.额外的，外加的extraordinary a.离奇的；使人惊奇的extremely ad. 极其，非常eye n.眼睛Fface n. 脸vt.面对；面向face to face 面对面make a face 做鬼脸fact n. 事实，现实as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上in fact 事实上，实际上factory n.工厂fade vi.褪色，（颜色）消退fail v. 失败，不及格；衰退failure n.失败fair a. 公平的，合理的a.（肤色）白皙的；（人）白肤金发的n.集市；庙会；展览会fairly ad. 公正地，正当地；相当地faith n. 信仰；信念fall (fell, fallen ) vi.落（下），降落；倒n.（美）秋季fall asleep 入睡fall ill 患病，病倒false a.不正确的；假的familiar a.熟悉的family n. 家庭；家族；子女famous a.著名的fan n.（电影、运动等的）迷；热心的爱好者（支持者）far ( farther, farthest, further, furthest)a.& ad. 远的；远地far away 遥远的far from 远离so far 迄今为止farm n. 农场；农庄farmer n.农民farther a. & ad.(时间或空间上)更远，较远fast a.快的，迅速的；紧密的ad.快地，迅速地；紧密地fasten vt.扎牢；扣住fat a. 胖的；肥的n.脂肪father n. 父亲fault n. 缺点，毛病favour n.恩惠；好意；帮助favourite a.喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人（或物）fax n.传真fear n.害怕；恐惧；担忧feather n. 羽毛February n.二月federal a.中央的；联邦的fee n.费，费用feed ( fed, fed ) vt. 喂（养）；饲（养）feel (felt, felt ) v. & link. 感觉，觉得；摸，触feel like doing 想要做某事, 感觉要feeling n.感情；感觉fellow n.同伴；伙伴female a. 女的；女性的；雌性的fence n.栅栏；围栏；篱笆festival a.节日的，喜庆的fetch vt. （去）取（物）来，（去）带（人）来fever n. 发烧；发热few pron. 不多；少数a.不多的；少数的a few 一些，少量fiction n. 小说field n. 田地；牧场；场地fierce a.猛烈的fifteen num. 十五fifth num. 第五fifty num.五十fight (fought, fought ) v. 打仗（架），与…打仗（架）n.打仗（架）；争论figure n.数字；数目；图；图形；（人的）身型；人物；（绘画、雕刻的）人物像vt.（美口语）认为，判断；（在心理）想象，描绘file n.公文柜；档案，（计算机）文档fill vt.填空，装满fill in 填写（表格等）film n.电影；影片；胶卷vt.拍摄，把…拍成电影final a.最后的；终极的finance n. 资金；财政，金融find ( found, found ) vt.找到，发现，感到find out 查明，弄清（情况）,发现，了解fine a. 细的；清朗的；美好的；（身体）健康的n.& v.惩罚finger n. 手指finish v.结束；做完fire n.火；火炉；火灾vi.开火，开（枪、炮等），射击fireworks n.焰火firm n.公司；企业a.坚固的，坚定的first num. 第一a.& ad.第一；首先；最初n. 开始；开端at first 起初，起先first of all 最重要，第一；首先fish n.鱼；鱼肉vi.钓鱼；捕鱼fist n. 拳（头）fit a. 健康的，适合的v.（使）适合，安装be fit for 适合five num.五fix vt 修理；安装；确定，决定flag n. 旗；标志；旗舰flash n.闪；闪光；转瞬间flat a.平的n. 楼中一套房间；公寓（常用复数）flame n.火焰，火舌flesh n.肉flight n.航班；楼梯的一段float vi.漂浮，浮动flood n.洪水vt. 淹没，使泛滥floor n.地面，地板；（楼房的）层flour n.面粉；粉flow vi. 流动flower n.花flu n.流行性感冒fluent a. 流利的，流畅的fly n. 飞行；苍蝇vi.（鸟、飞机）飞；（人乘飞机）飞行；（旗子等）飘动vt.空运（乘客、货物等）；放（风筝、飞机模型等）focus vt.集中（注意力、精力等）于n.焦点，中心点foggy a.多雾的fold vt.折叠；合拢follow vt.跟随；仿效；跟得上fond a.喜爱的，爱好的be fond of 喜爱，喜欢food n.食物，食品fool n.傻子，蠢人foolish a.愚蠢的，傻的foot(pl. feet) n.足，脚；英尺on foot 步行football n.（英式）足球,（美式）橄榄球for prep. 为了…；向…；往…；与…交换；防备…；适合…；因为；在…期间；对于；对…来说conj. 因为，由于forbid vt. 禁止，不许force vt.强迫，迫使forecast n.& vt.预告foreign a.外国的forest n. 森林forever ad. 永远；用好地forget ( forgot, forgotten ) v. 忘记；忘掉forgive ( forgave, forgiven ) vt.原谅，宽恕fork n.叉，餐叉form n. 表格；形式；结构former a. 以前的，从前的；（两者之中的）前者fortnight n.十四日，两星期fortunate a.幸运的；侥幸的fortunately ad.幸运地；侥幸地fortune n.财产；运气forty num.四十forward ad.将来，今后；向前，前进found vt.成立，建立fountain n.喷泉four num. 四fourth num. 第四fox n.狐狸France n.法国free a.自由的，空闲的；免费的set free 释放freedom n.自由freeze vi.结冰French n.法语a.法国的；法国人的；法语的Frenchman (pl.Frenchmen ) n.法国（男）人frequent a.经常的；频繁的frequently ad.经常，频繁地fresh a. 新鲜的Friday n.星期五fridge ( refrigerator) n. 冰箱friend n.朋友make friends 交朋友friendly a.友好的friendship n. 友谊，友情frighten vt.使惊恐，吓唬from prep.从；从…起；距；来自from now on 从今以后，今后from then on 从那时起from…to…从…到…front a.前面的；前部的n. 前面；前部；前线in front of 在…前面fruit n. 水果；果实fry vt.用油煎；用油炸fuel n.燃料full a.满的，充满的；完全的be full of 充满，注满fun n.有趣的事，娱乐，玩笑make fun of 嘲弄，取笑funny a.有趣的，滑稽可笑的fur n. 毛皮；皮子furniture n.（总称）家具further a. & ad.(空间距离)更远future n.将来Ggain vt.赢得；挣得game n.游戏；运动；比赛garage n.汽车间（库）garbage n.垃圾garden n. 花园，果园，菜园gas n.煤气gate n.大门gather v.聚集；采集gay a.（男）同性恋的；快活的，愉快的general a.大体的，笼统的，总的generally ad.普遍地，广泛地；一般地，通常generation n.代，一代generous a. 慷慨的，大方的gentle a.温柔的，轻轻的gentleman ( pl. gentlemen) n. 绅士，先生geography n.地理学German a.德国的，德国人的；德语的n.德国人，德语Germany n.德国gesture n.姿势，手势get ( got, got ) vt.成为；得到；具有；到达get along 离开，传播；各处走动get away 度假，逃离，摆脱get back 返回，回来get down 吞下，写下，使（某人）沮丧get in 进入，收获；达到get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）get on 上车；过活get on with sb. 与某人相处get through拨通（电话），顺利通过get together 聚会，联欢get up 起床gift n.赠品；礼物girl n.女孩give ( gave, given ) vt. 给；递给；付出；给予give back 归还，送回give out 分发，发出（光、热等）give up 放弃glad a.高兴的；乐意的glance v. 匆匆一看；一瞥glass n.玻璃杯；玻璃；（复）眼镜globe n.地球仪；地球glove n.手套go (went, gone) vi.去；走；驶；通到；到达n.尝试（做某事）go away 走开，离开go back 回来，返回go by （时间）逝去；过去；走过；经过gofishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/ 购物/溜冰/游泳go for a walk 出去散步go on 继续go on doing 不停地做某事g o on with one’s work（尤指停顿或中断之后）继续做（某事）go out出去；（火或灯光）熄灭；go over 仔细检查；复习；反复研究goal n.（足球）球门；目标goat n.山羊god n.神；（大写）上帝gold n.黄金a.金的；黄金的golden a. 金（黄）色的good a.好；良好be good at 擅长goodbye int.再见；再会goods n.商品，货物goose (pl. geese) n.鹅government n. 政府grade n.等级；（中小学的）学年；成绩，分数gradually ad. 逐渐地graduate v.毕业graduation n.毕业；毕业典礼grain n. 谷物，谷类grammar n. 语法grand a.宏伟的granddaughter n.（外）孙女grandfather n.爷爷；外公grandmother n.奶奶；外婆grandson n.（外）孙子grasp v.抓住；紧握grass n.草；草场；牧草great a.伟大的；重要的；好极了ad. （口语）好极了，很好greatly ad.非常；很；大大地Greek n. 希腊人；希腊语a. 希腊的；希腊人的；希腊语的green a. 绿色的；青的n.绿色greet vt. 问候；向…致敬greeting n. 祝贺grey/gray a.灰色的；灰白的grocery n.食品杂货店ground n. 地面ground floorgroup n.组，群grow (grew, grown) v.生长；发育；种植；变成grow up 长大，成熟guard n.防护装置，警戒guess vi. 猜guest n. 客人，宾客guide n.向导，导游者gun n.枪，炮gym= gymnasium n.体操；体育馆；健身房Hhabit n. 习惯，习性hair n. 头发haircut n.（男子）理发half a.& n.半，一半，半个half an hour 半小时hall n.大厅，会堂，礼堂；过道ham n. 火腿hamburger n.汉堡包hammer n.锤子，锣锤hand n.手；指针v.递；给；交付；交上hand in 提交；呈交；上交hand out 分发handbag n. 女用皮包；手提包handkerchief n.手帕handle n.柄，把手v.处理handsome a. 英俊的hang(hanged, hanged) v.处（人）绞刑；上吊hang( hung, hung ) v.悬挂，吊着；把…吊起happen vi. （偶然）发生happy a.幸福的；快乐的；高兴的happiness n. 幸福，愉快harbour(harbor) n. 港口hard ad. 努力地；使劲；猛烈地a.硬的；困难的；艰难的hardly ad. 几乎不hardship n.困难hard-working a.努力工作的harmony n. 融洽；和睦harvest n.& vt.收割，收获（物）hat n.帽子（一般指有边的）；礼帽hate vt.& n. 恨，讨厌have vt.有；吃；喝；进行；经受have got to (BrE)必须，不得不have sth. on 穿着，戴着have to 必须，不得不he pron.他head n.头；头脑；才智；首领；源头；标题a.头部的；主要的；首席的v.率领；加标题；用头顶；出发；（船等）驶向use one’s head动脑筋headache n. 头疼have a headache 头痛headmaster n.（英）中小学校长health n.健康，卫生healthy a.健康的，健壮的hear ( heard, heard) v.听见；听说；得知hear from 接到某人的信、对话等hear of 听说，得知heart n.心；心脏；纸牌中的红桃learn/know sth. by heart 记住，背熟heat n. 热vt.把…加热heaven n. 天；天空heavy a.重的height n.高，高度hello int. 喂；你好（表示打招呼，问候或唤起注意）say hello to 向…问好help n.& vt. 帮忙，帮助help oneself to 为自己取用；请随便吃点help sb.with sth. 帮某人做某事helpful a. 有帮助的，有益的her pron. 她（宾格）；她的here ad.这里；在这里；向这里here and there 在各处，到处hero n. 英雄；勇士；男主角hers pron. 她的（名词性物主代词）herself pron.她自己hesitate vi.犹豫hi int.你好（表示打招呼、问候或唤起注意）hide v.把…藏起来，隐藏high a. 高的；高度的ad.高地highway n.公路，交通要道hill n. 小山；丘陵；土堆；斜坡him pron. 他（宾格）himself pron.他自己hire vt.租用his pron. 他的history n.历史，历史学hit n.& vt. 打，撞，击中hobby n. 业余爱好，嗜好hold ( held, held ) vt.拿；抱；握住；举行；进行hold on （电话用语）别挂断，等一下hole n.洞，坑holiday n.假日；假期on holiday 度假home n.家ad.到家；回家at home 在家里go home 回家homework n.家庭作业do one’s homework做家庭作业honest a.诚实的，正直的honey n.蜂蜜honour n.荣誉，共荣vt.尊敬，给予荣誉hope n.& v. 希望hopeless a.没有希望的；不可救药的horrible a.令人恐惧的；恐怖的horse n.马hospital n.医院host n.主人；节目主持人vt. 主办；主持hot a.热的hot dog n.热狗hotel n.旅馆，饭店，宾馆hour n.小时house n.房子；住宅housewife n.家庭主妇housework n.家务劳动how ad.怎样，如何；多少；多么how far 多远how long 多长how many 多少（修饰可数名词）how much 多少（修饰不可数名词）how old 几岁however ad.可是conj. 然而，可是，尽管如此huge a.巨大的，庞大的human a. 人的，人类的humour (am humor) n.幽默；幽默感hundred num.百hunger n.饥饿hungry a. （饥）饿的hunt vt. 寻找；狩猎，猎取hurry vi.赶快；急忙n.匆忙；急忙hurry up 快点，赶快in a hurry 匆忙，很快地hurt (hurt, hurt ) vt. 伤害，受伤；伤人感情husband n.丈夫Iice n.冰ice-cream n.冰淇淋idea n. 主意，意见，打算，想法identity n. 身份if conj.如果，假使；是否，是不是ignore vt. 忽视；佯装不见，不予理睬ill a.有病的；不健康的illegal a. 违法的；不合法的illness n.疾病imagine vt. 想象，设想immediate a. 立即的；马上immediately ad.立即immigrate vi.（从外地）移居，移民import v.& n.进口，输入importance n.重要性important a.重要的impossible a.不可能的impress vt. 留下极深的印象improve vt. 改进，更新in prep.在…里（内）；在…；以…inch n.英寸include vt.包含，包括income n. 收入，所得increase v.& n.增加，繁殖indeed ad.确实；实在independent a.独立的；有主见的India n.印度Indian a.（美洲）印第安人的；印度人的n. 印第安人；印度人indicate vt.表明；暗示industry n.工业，产业infer vt.推断；推论information n. 信息injure vt.损害，伤害ink n. 墨水，油墨innocent a. 无辜的，清白的，无罪的insect n. 昆虫insert vt. 插入inside prep.在…里面ad.在里面insist vi.坚持；坚决认为inspire vt.鼓舞；激励instant a. 瞬间；刹那instead ad. 代替；顶替instead of 代替，而不是interpreter n. 口译译员institute n.（研究）所，院；学院instruction n. 说明，须知；教导instrument n. 乐器；工具，器械insurance n. 保险intend vt.想要，打算interest n.兴趣，趣味；利息a place of interest 名胜interesting a.有趣的international a.国际的Internet n.互联网，英特网interrupt v.打扰，打断interview n.& vt. 采访，会见，面试into prep. 到…里；向内introduce vt.介绍invent vt. 发明，创造invite vt. 邀请，招待iron n.铁；熨斗v. 熨烫island n. 岛it pron. 它its pron.它的itself pron. 它自己Jjacket n.短上衣；夹克衫jam n. 果酱；阻塞January n.一月Japan n.日本Japanese a.日本的；日本人的；日语的n. 日本人；日语jar n.罐子；坛子jeans n.牛仔裤job n.（一份）工作join v. 参加，加入；连接；会合join in 参加；加入join up 联合起来；会合joke n.笑话journalist n. 记者journey n.旅行，路程joy n.欢乐，高兴，乐趣judge n.裁判；审判员；法官vt. 判断，断定juice n.汁、液July n.七月jump n.跳跃；跳变v.跳跃；惊起；猛扑June n.六月jungle n. 丛林，密林junior a.初级的；年少的just ad.刚才；巧好；不过；仅a. 公正的just now 刚才，刚刚，一会儿前just then 那时justice n.正义；公正；司法Kkeep (kept,kept) v.保持；保存；继续不断vt. 培养，饲养keep on ( doing sth.) 继续做key n.钥匙；答案；键；关键keyboard n.键盘kick v.& n. 踢kid n. 小孩kill v.杀死，弄死kilo n. 千克；千米kilometer/kilometer n.千米（公里）kind n.种；类a. 善良的；友好的a kind of 一种，一类all kinds of 各种各样kindergarten n.幼儿园king n.国王kiss n.& vt.吻，亲吻kitchen n.厨房kite n. 风筝knee n.膝盖knife n.小刀；匕首；刀片knock n.& v.敲；打；击knock at 敲knock into sb. 撞上know (knew, known ) v. 知道；了解；认识；懂得knowledge n.知识，学问Llab n.实验室labour n. 劳动lack n.& vt.缺乏，缺少ladder n.梯子lady n. 女士，夫人lake n.湖lamp n.灯；油灯；光源land n.陆地；土地v. 登岸（陆）；降落language n.语言large a.大的；巨大的last a.最近刚过去的；最后的ad. 最近刚过去；最后地n. 最后v.持续at last 终于，最终late a.晚的，迟的ad.晚地，迟地be late for (school) 迟到lately ad. 最近，不久前later a. 晚些的，迟些的latter n.（两者之中的）后者laugh n.& v. 笑，大笑，嘲笑laugh at嘲笑，讥笑law n.法律，法令；定律lawyer n.律师lay (laid, laid) vt.放，搁lazy a.懒惰的lead n.铅v.领导，带领leaf (pl. leaves) n.（树，菜）叶league n.联盟，社团league member团员leak vi.漏；渗learn vt. 学，学习，学会least n.最少，最少量at least 至少，不少于leave ( left, left ) v. 离开；把…留下，剩下lecture n.讲课，演讲left a. 左边的ad.向左n.左，左边on the left 在左边leg n.腿；腿脚；支柱legal a.法律的；合法的lend vt.借（出），把…借给length n.长，长度，段，节less a.& ad. 少于，小于less than 不足，少于lesson n.课；功课；教训do one’s lessons做功课have lessons 上课let vt.让let in 让…进来，放进let out 发出（叫声等），放掉，泄露letter n.信；字母level n. 水平线，水平liberate vt.解放，使获自由librarian n. 图书管理员；（西方的）图书馆馆长library n.图书馆，图书室license n. 执照，许可证lie (lay, lain) v.躺；卧；平放；位于lie n.& vi. 谎言；说谎life (pl.lives ) n.生命；生涯；生活；人生；生物lifetime n. 一生，终生lift v. 举起，抬起；（云、烟等）消散n.（英）电梯light n.光，光亮；灯，灯光vt. 点（火），点燃a.明亮的；轻的；浅色的lightning n.闪电like prep.像，跟…一样vt. 喜欢，喜爱be like 像likely a.很可能的limit vt. 限制；减少line n. 绳索，线，排，行，线路v.画线于，（使）成行lion n.狮子lip n.嘴唇liquid n.& a.液体；液体的list n.一览表，清单listen vi. 听，仔细听listen to 听literature n.文学litre/liter n.升，公升litter v. 乱丢杂物little a.小的，少的ad.很少地，稍许n. 没有多少，一点a little 少量的，一些live vi.活着，生活；居住a. 活的；活着的；实况；现场（直播）的lively a.活泼的；充满生气的living a.活着的n.生计living-room 客厅；起居室load n. 担子，货物loaf n.一个面包local a.当地的；地方的lock n.锁vt. 锁，锁上lonely a. 孤独的，寂寞的long a. 长的，远ad.长久before long 不久long ago 很久以前long before 在…之前很长时间no longer 不再not… any longer不再look n.看，瞧v.看，观看v.link. 看起来look after 照顾look at 看look for 寻找look out 当心，留神look up （在词典或参考书中）查阅，查找have a look 看take a look 看loose a. 松散的；宽松的lorry n.（英）运货汽车，卡车lose (lost, lost ) vt.失去，丢失loss n.丧失；损耗lot n.许多，好些a lot of / lots of 大量，许多loud a.大声的love n.& vt. 爱，热爱；很喜欢lovely a.美好的，可爱的low a.& ad.低；矮luck n. 运气，好运luggage n.（总称）行李lunch n.午餐，午饭have lunch 吃午饭lung n.肺；肺脏Mmachine n.机器mad a.发疯的；生气的madam/madame n.夫人，女士magazine n. 杂志magic a. 有魔力的mail n.邮政，邮递v.（美）邮寄mailbox (letter box) n.邮筒；邮箱main a. 主要的major a. 较大的；主要的majority n. 大多数make(made, made) vt. 制造，做；使得be made from 有…制作（看不见原材料）be made in 产于某地be made of 有…制作（看得见原材料）male a. 男（性）的；雄的man (pl. men) n.成年男人；人，人类manage v.管理；设法对付manager n.经理mankind n.人类；（总称）人manner n. 方式，态度，举止many pron. 许多人（或物）a.许多的a good/great many 很多map n. 地图march n.游行，行进March n.三月。

2011年成人高考专升本英语高频语法、词汇复习l 、被动语态1. 一般现在时的被动语态：承受者+be{is/am/are +done(过去分词) by+执行者E.g.：Many schools are built(done) every year in the city.note：{地点状语，时间状语一般都放在句末;in the city 特指其中be 的使用取决于主语的单复形式。

A lot of修饰可数和不可数名词Many修饰可数名词Mach修饰不可数名词主动：They all read(原形) English every day.被动：English read (过去分词)by all of them every day.主动：Mother often scolds me.被动：I am often scolded by mother一般过去式的被动语态：承受者+be{was/were +done(过去分词) by+执行者(不明确可省略)。

E.g.：主动：He repaired his bike yesterday.被动：His bike was repaired by him yesterday.主动：Children cleaned many streets last Sunday.被动：Many streets were cleaned by children last Sunday.现在进行时的被动语态：承受者+be{is/am/are being(现在分词)done by+执行者(不明确可省略)。

E.g. 主动：He is writing his composition.被动：His composition is being written by him.Note：write/wrote/wtitten过去进行时的被动语态：承受者+be{was/were｝being(现在分词)done by+执行者(不明确可省略)。

2011年成人三级英语动词类词汇汇总1.(1) abandon 丢弃、放弃、抛弃考点：abandon oneself to 沉溺于，陷于After the failure of the examination, he abandoned himself to alcohol.(2) desert 离弃、离开The price rise caused many readers to desert the magazine.辨析：abandon 指因无能为力、心理厌倦或情绪沮丧而放弃、抛弃，含有永远和彻底的意思。

如放弃某种政策、取消计划、丢弃船只。

desert 指违背法律、道义、信仰、义务等舍弃岗位和职责。

该词为贬义词，所构成的行为通常受到鄙视和谴责。

如：We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.He deserted her for another woman.2.(1) persist 坚持考点：1）persist 表示坚持要求的时候，后面的从句用虚拟语气(should) doShe persisted that she walk there.2）persist in (doing) sthHe persisted in making things hard for me.(2) insist 坚持考点：1)nsist表示坚决要求的时候，后面的从句用虚拟语气(should）doI insist that you take immediate action to put this right.2) insist on/upon (doing) sthShe kept insisting on her innocence.She will insist on washing her hair just when I want to have a bath.(3) stick坚持，粘贴考点：1）stick tostick to the point/opinion/ facts 坚持立场/观点/事实2) stick at 坚持做某事If we stick at it, we should finish the job today.辨析：persist 指不顾反对、不听劝告坚持不懈做某事。

成考专升本英语试题及答案解析2011年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本英语第一卷（选择题，共125分）I . Phonetics (5 points)Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. A. grandB. gravityC. gratitudeD. grateful2. A. th ea terB. thr ea t C. thr ea d D. tr ea sure3. A. lau gh B. wei gh C. tou gh D. rou gh4. A. g ui ltB. b ui ldC. g ui deD. g ui tar5. A. lam b B. bom b ingC. com b D. am b itionII. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6．—Have you ever played bridge?—Yes. We_____ on weekends when I was in college.A. would have playedB. should have playedC. used to playD. had played7. Would you please let me finish my words? Don't _____ in the middle of a sentence.A. put me offB. cut me offC. keep me offD. get me off8. A newspaper headline concerning new energy development ___his attention and he was much interested in making investment in it.A. gaveB. caughtC. turnedD. paid9.Their experiment________，T om and Mary set out to write the report on the results.A. doneB. to be doneC. being doneD. will be done10. After the party, we had to tidy up the kitchen, which wasa (n)_____mess.A. exactB. entireC. definiteD. complete11. In the first semester, I asked my teacher______.A. what courses should I takeB.what courses I should takeC. I should take what coursesD. should I take what courses12. There are ______ fewer custom tailors and dressmakers in the U. S. than in European countries.A. soC. farD. too13. You mustn't go unless either your father or I_______with you.A. comeB. comesC. cameD. has come14. In our view, the root______of the crime problem is poverty and unemployment.A. solutionB. reasonC. causeD. fact15.—I didn’t go to class last night because my car broke down.—You_______ mine. I wasn't using it.A. could borrowB. may borrowC. could have borrowedD. may have borrowed16. Nelson is a creative liar who is always making______ unusual excuses for not doing his work.A. acrossB. awayC. offD. up17. They demanded that the government_______all political prisoners in the next two days.B. freedC. will freeD. would free18. Since you feel so strongly about this matter, you should make your views ___to other committeemembers.A. knowB. knowingC. being knownD. known19._____I could say anything more，Holmes had rushed off towards the door.A. BeforeB. AfterC. WhenD. As20. There aren't many wild pandas______in the world today.A. liveB. livingC. to liveD. livedIII.Cloze (30 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Scientists have been struggling to find out the reason behind blushing (脸红). Why would humans evolve(进化) a 21 that puts us at a social disadvantage by 22 us to reveal that we havecheated or lied?Charles Darwin pointed out that 23 all people of all races blush，animals do not. When itcame to explaining the reason, he was 24 a loss. That has not stopped others from trying.One 25 is that blushing started out as a way to show we obey authoritative members of the group. Later, as our social interactions became 26 complex, it became involved with higher, self-conscious 27 such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. This would seem to put individuals at a disadvantage，but blushing might actually make a person more 28 or socially desirable.29 that women blush more than men，one university researcher suggests that blushing might have evolved as a way for women to 30 their honesty to men so as to win their support in raising children. Some zoologists also think blushing could have emerged as a way to foster trust. " If you were to go hunting 31 a stone-faced partner，you could never 32 what he wants. “he says.Once blushing became 33 with embarrassment, anyone who did not blush might have been at a disadvantage because we are 34 likely to trust someone who appears never to feel 35 about anything.21. A. response B. replyC. reflection D. recall22. A. forbidding B. forcingC. encouraging D. preventing23. A. whenB. whileC. since D. because24. A. on B. in C.at D. of25. A. suggestion B. adviceC. solutionD. question26. A. apparentlyB. completelyC. awkwardlyD. increasingly27. A. moodsB. sensesC. emotionsD. tempers28. A. privilegedB. embarrassedC. energeticD. attractive29. A. NotingB. ProvidingC. AssumingD. Hoping30. A. assureB. approve C. confirmD. demonstrate31. A. forB. withC. byD. as32. A. sayB. speakC. tellD. talk33. A. unitedB. relatedC. contactedD. associated34. A. moreB. thatC. lessD. so35. A. ashamedB. disappointed C. satisfied D. pleasedIV. Reading Comprehension (60 points)Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneJune came and the hay(干草) was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummer's Eve, which was aSaturday, Mr. Jones went into Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back until midday on Sunday. His men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out chatting without bothering to feed the animals. When Mr. Jones got back, he immediately went to sleep on the living-room sofa with the "News of the World" over his face. When evening came, the animals were still not fed. At last, they could stand no longer. One of the cows broke into the door of the storehouse with her horns and all the animals began to help themselves to the grains.It was just then that Mr. Jones woke up. The next moment he and his four men were in the storehouse with whips in their hands，whipping in all directions. This was more than the hungry animals would bear. Together, though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand，they jumped upon their masters. Mr. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being struck with the horns and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out oftheir control. They had never seen these animals act like this before.This sudden rebellion of the creatures，which they were used to beating and whipping just as they chose，frightened them. After only a moment or two，they gave up trying to defend themselves. A minute later all five of them were in full fright down the road with the animals running after them joyfully.36. The four men did not feed the cows because_______.A. they had not cut the hay yetB. Mr. Jones wasn't at homeC. they did not have time to feed themD. the cows had fed themselves37. The cows broke into the storehouse because______.A. they did not like their mastersB. Mr. Jones forgot to lock the doorC. they were kept in the cow-house too longD. they were too hungry to wait for the feed38. What did the five men finally do with the cows?A. They chased and drove the cows away.B. They continued beating the cows.C. They gave up defense and ran away.D. They gave ·in and fed the cows.39. We can learn from the passage that______.A. the cows often ran out to look for foodB.the cows often had fights with their mastersC.Mr. Jones and his men often beat the cowsD.Mr. Jones and his men often forgot to feed the cowsPassage TwoIt was sunrise on an August morning when the captain and his crew cast their nets some 50 miles south of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. As the net was pulled over,the contents pouredout followed by excited cries of "Coins! Coins!" The fishermen quickly realized they had realized a fisherman's dream: sunken treasure! And not just any treasure,but early American silver dollars that had gone down 210 years earlier.In 1784,at the end of the American Revolutionary War,a heavily armed ship was bound for the port of New Orleans. On board was a fortune in Spanish Silver Dollars. Hundreds of thousands of them were loaded for the trip to New Orleans，yet not a single one arrived. With no survivors from the ill-fated voyage,historians can only guess at what happened. Some say powerful storms took her down while othersspeculate it was treasure-hungry pirates(海盗). Whatever happened,the secret-along with a treasure valued near $100，000,000 in today' s dollars-was sent to a watery grave some 300 feet below the ocean's surface.Spanish Silver Dollars were the favorite coins of colonial Americans. Widely used and accepted as payment in the thirteen colonies, the United States government gave them the status of official legal tender. Unfortunately, even though they were struck in large quantities, not many of them survive today. After the Civil War, the government withdrew them from circulation and they were melted down.Due to the historic discovery of this treasure, GovMint . com is releasing these coins to the publicfor an amazingly low price. For a limited time, those authentic silver dollars are priced at $49 plusshipping and handling—a dramatic reduction from the market price of this coin anywhere else worldwide.40. What surprised the fishermen on an August morning?A. Their net contained a big strange-looking fish.B. They found the treasure sunken 210 years ago.C. They found some pieces of a sunken ship in the net.D. Their net suddenly got caught by something deep in the water.41. What happened to the ship heading for New Orleans in 1784?A. Loaded with too much cargo, it hit on the rocks.B. Robbed by pirates ,it lost $100,000,000's worth of goods.C. It disappeared but nobody knew exactly what had happened.D. It was caught in a terrible storm and went down into the ocean.42. What do we know about "Spanish Silver Dollars"?A. Today one coin equals to 49 dollars in the world market.B. They were widely used in America after the Civil War.C. Issued in small amounts, not many of them survive.D. They were officially accepted in the 13 colonies.43. In which section of a magazine would you probably find this article?A. Sports.B. Housing.C. History.D. Fashion.Passage ThreeThe environment affects the way people interact. To examine this conclusion, two researchers "decorated" three rooms: One room was refurnished to look ugly. The second room was intended to look average. The third room was designed to be beautiful. Individuals were then asked to sit in one of the three rooms and rate several pictures of people's faces. The results indicated that the environment has a significant effect on the waypeople rated the faces. Subjects in the beautiful room gave the pictures higher rates than did subjects in the ugly room. In addition, subjects in the ugly room found the task more unpleasant and boring than did subjects in the beautiful room. Subjects assigned to the ugly room attempted to leave sooner than did subjects assigned to the beautiful room.Color is one environmental factor that can affect your mood and even your ability to concentrate.One researcher concluded that the most pleasant colors, listed in order of preference, were blue, green, purple, red and yellow. The colors listed from most to least arousing were red, orange, yellow, violet, blue, and green.Lighting also affects behavior. Elegant restaurants with dim lighting create a mood of intimacy（亲密）that encourages conversation. The bright lights of an office or classroom, on the other hand, arouse and stimulate thinking.Room decoration, color, lighting, and even music and temperature all influence communication with others。