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最全的崭新版大学英语第二版综合教程2 答案课后练习答案Unit1Ways of LearningPart II Reading TaskComprehensionContent QuestionPair Work1. They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing.2. Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.3. They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teachhim how to do it properly.4. Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.5. Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.6. He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself.7.He means that this incident pointed to importantdifferences in educational and artistic practices between China andthe USA.8. The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.9. One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.10.Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.11.This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.12.The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.1)The text begins with an anecdote.2)His thoughts are mainly about different approaches tolearning in China and the West.3)He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question.2.Chinese1)Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand2) Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time Americans1)Teach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems2)Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up laterLanguage Sense Enhancement(1)Summarizing(2)value originality and independence(3)contrast between(4)in terms of(5)harbor(6)fearful(7)comparable(8)promote creativity(9)emerge(10)picked upLanguage FocusVocabularyI1.1)insert2)on occasion3)investigate4)In retrospect5)initial6)phenomena7)attached8)make up for9)is awaiting10)not; in the least11)promote12)emerged2.1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south.2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3)as a financial center has evolved slowly.4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.3.1)be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superiorII1.1)continual2)continuous3)continual4)continuous2.1)principal2)principal3)principle4)principles5)principalIII1.themselves2.himself/herself3.herself/by herself/on her own4.itself5.ourselves6.yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive ExercisesI.cloze1.(1)contrast(2)exaggerating(3)priority(4)on the other hand(5)promoting(6)pick up(7)assist(8)accomplish(9)occasion(10)neglecting(11)worthwhile(12)superior2.0-(2)perform(3)facing(4)competent(5)equipped(6)designed(7)approach(8)rest(9)definitely(10)qualityII.translation1.(1)It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.(2)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.(3)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creativespirit in the child at an early age.(4)Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it ’s worthwhile to buy it(5)If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.2.To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.。
全新版《大学英语》综合教程第二册教案Unit 1 Ways of LearningText A Learning, Chinese-styleI. Teaching Plan1.Objectives：1)Grasp the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strikea balance between the Chinese and the Western learning styles) and structure of the text (introduction of the topic by an anecdote---elaboration by comparison and contrast---conclusion by a suggestion);2)Appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compare and contrast (point-by-point method or one-side-at-a-time method);3)Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4)Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.3. Pre-reading taskson the road: 1.traveling, esp. for long distances or periods of time在旅行中；在巡回演出中E.g. The band has been on the road for six months. 那支乐队巡回演出已有六个月了。
全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）Integrated Course (2)Unit 1 Text A: Learning, Chinese-Style1. Sentence Patterns1) may well do…: be likely to do … (很可能做…)-He may well get frustrated and angry.2) be less likely (unlikely) to do … (不大可能做…)3) so much so that …: to such a extent that … (以至于…)-In the best Chinese tradition, they were “teaching by holding his hand” — so much so that he would happily come back for more.4) assuming that …: if…, suppose that… (假如…，假设…)-Assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, can we strike a balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?2. Chunks (Beautiful Expressions)1)旅馆工作人员hotel staff2)小学an elementary school (a primary school)3)在旅馆的大堂里in the lobby of a hotel4)由于他年幼because of his tender age5)完成一项任务accomplish a task6)关键在于…, 要点在于…the critical point is that…7)弥补某种错误行为make up for a misdeed8)一个人必须学会独立思考，学会自己解决问题。
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2教学设计课程概述本课程是针对大学英语第二版综合教程2的教学设计。
该教材是全新版本，主要围绕着现代语言学的理论和实践，采用话题教学法，聚焦于学生听、说、读、写的各种语言技能，帮助学生掌握基本英语语音、语法、词汇、句型和语篇。
教学目标1.帮助学生掌握英语基本语音、语法、词汇、句型和语篇2.提高学生的听、说、读、写各种语言技能3.培养学生的跨文化交际能力教学内容与方法初步活动教师可以通过自我介绍和学生之间的互动来帮助学生熟悉彼此，并提出教学目标和教学计划。
文本学习教师介绍和讲解教材内容，引导学生进行课前阅读和听力练习。
然后，在课堂上进行教学与讨论。
1.学习并掌握生词和词汇2.学习并掌握语音、语调、语法和句型的相关知识3.提高听力和口语技能4.培养学生与他人进行有效交流和讨论的能力在这个阶段，学生将与同伴进行对话和讨论来练习他们的交际技能和口语能力。
1.分组讨论和答案2.听力练习，然后对话3.角色扮演任务设置通过任务来提醒学生想关掌握的语言技能，并通过小组讨论来实现任务目标。
常见的任务包括：1.填空2.听力选择练习3.阅读理解评估与反馈在整个课程中，评估和反馈非常重要。
教师可以通过出题或其他方法来考察学生对知识的掌握程度，给予及时的反馈。
例如，教师可以组织小组活动，让学生之间互相评估，互相帮助，并在最后对学生的表现进行总结和评估。
教学策略任务型教学全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2采用话题教学法，并运用了任务型教学，强调学生的自主学习和学习者中心。
探究性学习教师引导学生进行自我学习和探究，帮助学生掌握更多的知识和技能。
教师可以根据学生的不同需求和能力，调整教学方法和进度，帮助学生实现个性化学习。
总结全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2的教学设计，旨在帮助学生掌握英语基本语音、语法、词汇、句型和语篇，提高听力、口语、阅读、写作技能，并培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
教学方法包括任务型教学、探究性学习和个性化学习，旨在激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学习效率。
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版第二册第一单元教案Unit 1 Ways of LearningTeaching Aims:1.Understanding the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between the Chinese and western learning styles) and structure of the text(introduction of the topic by an anecdote-elaboration by comparison and contrast-conclusion by a suggestion)2.Appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compare and contrast (point-to-point method or one-side-at-time method)3.Grasp the key language points in Texts A and grammatical structures in the text4.Understand the cultural background related to the content5.Conducting a series of theme-related reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities6.Learn to write notices, etc.Teaching Keypoints:1.Grasp the main idea of Text A and language points in Text A2.Cultural background about Chinese and western ways of learning3.Analysis of the difficult sentences in Text A Teaching Difficulties:1.Writing strategy and style demonstrated in Text A2.Learn how to understand the structure of difficult and long sentencesTeaching Aids:Teacher-guided, discussion, exercises, group-activities, student-centredTeaching period: 12 classesTeaching Procedure:Step 1Warming up1.Have students read the overview of page 2, students will understand the main topic of unit (ways of learning in Chinese and western countries)2.Have students listen to the script of listening part, explain some difficult sentences andBenjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. (T)4. For the Westerners, learning should take place by continual careful shaping and molding.(F)(= The Chinese think that learning should take place by continual careful shaping and molding.)5.Chinese teachers hold the opinion that skills should be acquired as early as possible, while American educators think that creativity should be acquired early. (T)6.Add more questions about the text:Where and when did the incident take place? Who are the main characters in this incicent? What is Howard Gardner?Why do the couple come to China?How old is the son of the author？Through what does the baby get pleasure in the incident?What is the attitude of his parents ?What is the attitude of the hotel staff towards Benjamin effort?7.Answer the questions of on page 10-11ⅱUnderstanding the main idea of the text Division of the Text APara(s). Main IdeasParts1 1~5 The text begins with ananecdote.2 6~13 The author’s thoughts aremainly about differentapproaches to learning inChina and the West.3 14 The author winds up the textwith a suggestion in theform of a question.Step 3 Detailed Reading of Text AⅠ. Difficult Sentences1. (LL. 13~15) Because of his tender age andincomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail. Paraphrase the sentence. (= Because he was so young and didn’t quite know that he should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot, he would usually fail.)2. (L. 15) Benjamin was not bothered in the least.(= Benjamin was not bothered at all.)3. (L. 30) … and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.And to help explain Chinese attitudes toward creativity.4. (LL. 37~39) …since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?What does the desired action refer to? (= Positioning the key carefully to fit into the slot.)5. (L. 39) He may well get frustrated and angry. (= He is likely to get frustrated and angry.)Eg . You use “may well” when you are saying what you think is likely to happen.6. (L. 47~48) He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us. What do the two activities refer to?(= Having a good time and exploring.)“activities that did matter to us”.(= activities that were important to us.)7. (L. 52) …whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed…= No matter whether it is placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for some mistakes.) the subjunctive mood eg. Whether he be present or absent, we shall have to do our part.)8. (LL. 80~81) …young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition…(西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。
Teaching Plan of Unit 1, Book 1FriendshipText A All the Cabbie Had Was a LetterTeaching Objectives:Students will be able to1.grasp the main idea (never delay expressing your true feelings to a friend) and structure of Text A(developing a story around a letter);2.appreciate characteristic features of spoken English as demonstrated in Text A (spoken English ismuch more informal than written English);3.master the key language points in Text A and learn how to use them in context;4.understand the cultural background related to the content;5.express themselves more freely on the theme of Friendship after doing a series of theme- relatedreading, listening, speaking and writing activities;6.Write a personal letter in an appropriate way.Time Allotment:4-5 class hoursTeaching Methodology: student-centered; group work, pair workTeaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading tasks1. Think- pair-share: Ask students to brainstorm proverbs about friendship.Suggested answers:Friends are like the stars on a cloudy night. You can't always see them, but they are there. Friendship cannot stand always on one side.Between friends all is common.False friends are worse than open enemies.A friend to all is a friend to none.The friendship that can end was never real.A friend is easier lost than found.A friend in need is a friend indeed.Friends are like wine; the older, the better.Good company on the road is the shortest cut.True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.Ask students to choose the proverb they like best and give reasons.2. Survey--- Do you often write letters to your friends?Question and answer: Which do you think is the best way in expressing our innermost feelings?II. Text Learning:Task 1: Topic-related PredictionWhat does a cabbie do?What is a letter used for?Who wrote the letter to the cabbie?Why was all the cabbie had only a letter?Task 2: Scanning (see PPT)Scan Text A and decide which of the following statements is the theme.1. One should keep in touch with his friends.１2. Never delay expressing your true feelings to a friend.3. A true friend will stand by you forever.4. Late is better than never.Task 3: Group work: Divide the text into smaller parts and assign them to different groups. Ask the students to work in groups and do the following:▪Step 1: Read the assigned part, and try to understand its meaning.▪Step 2: Ask and tell each other about the difficulties in understanding this part.▪Step 3: Make a list of useful words and phrases.▪Step 4: Choose one member to make a short report to the class.Task 4: Language study1) T leads the students’ attention to the colloquial sentences:▪Go ahead and finish your letter.▪I’m not much of a hand at writing.▪We were kids together, so we go way back.▪You kind of lose touch even though you never forget.▪It’s no fun to lose any friend.2) Study the language points and practice them.be lost in; available; go ahead; know\ learn by heart; estimate; might as well\ may as well;keep up; correspondence; practically; neighborhood; kind of\ sort of; lose touch with; come up;urge; postpone; reference; absolutely; reunion; hang out; every now and then; choke up;destination; skip; right away3) Game: Flash Cards (Vocabulary Activity)After practicing the above, ask Ss to work in pairs▪Step 1: Through discussion, delete those they have already grasped.▪Step 2: Divide the rest of the words and phrases into two groups, and each student will be deal with one of the group. Write down the words and phrases on cards ( one on each card). Find out their English explanations, and write them down on the back of the corresponding cards.▪Step 3: Practice: One gives the explanation, and the other guesses the word or phrase.▪Step 4: Ss exchange roles and go on practicing.▪III. Post-reading activities:1. Dictogloss (an activity that combines elements such as dictation, cooperation, oral practice and grammar etc.):Step 1: T prepares a paragraph either related to the topic or a grammar item, writes down the difficult words on the board if there are any;Step 2: First listening: Ss are required to listen only, without writing anything;Step 3: Second reading: Ss are required to write down the key words, without worrying about the spelling mistakes;Step 4: Ss work in groups to reconstruct the article, trying to write down every sentence with correct spelling and sentence structure.Step 5: Ask Ss to write what they have got on a big piece of paper, or share with the class orally; Step 6: T shows the original text, comments on what the students have done and explains the grammar points.２2. Writing:Directions: Write a letter (at least 120 words) to your best friend, following the outline given below:1)Your feeling about your new life in the university;2)How you miss him\ her and the time you had together.3)Inviting him\ her to pay you a visit.3. Suggested song: Cry on my shoulder4. Suggested movie: Mary and Max３。
Unit 1 Ways of LearningI. Teaching ObjectivesStudents will be able to:1. grasp the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between theChinese and the Western learning styles ) and the structure of the text (introduction of the topic by an anecdote一elaboration by comparison and contrast--conclusion by a suggestion);2. appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compare and contrast (point by point method or one-side-at-a-time method);3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.II. Key Points:The structure, the writing skill, and the main idea of thetext will be the focus.Only a few words and sentences, which will be the obstacles for students’ understanding of the text, will be explained in class.III. Difficult Points:Some sentences whose meanings are difficult to understand and whose structuresare hard to analyze:1. Line 35-39（Para. 6）: Since adults know how to place the key in the key slot,which is the ultimate purpose of approaching the slot, and since the child isneither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, whatpossible gain is achieved by having him struggle?2. Line 70-71(Para.10): The idea that learning should take place by continualcareful shaping and molding applies equally to the arts.3. Line 100-102(Para.14): Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes,a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance betweenthe poles of creativity and basic skills?IV. Teaching Materials: ppt and materialsV. Teaching Methods: Lecturing, practicing and discussing.VI. Teaching Timing: 8 sessions of classVII. Teaching Process:1st -2nd periods:Pre-reading; Teacher’s Introductory Remarks and Students’ Discussion related to the topic.3rd -4th periods: While-Reading (Understanding the title of text A; Analyzing the organization of the text; Explaining Difficult sentences and language points in the text; Summing up the main idea of the text)5th-6th periods: Dealing with the exercises after Text A.Check on Ss’ home reading (Text B); Post-Reading Task: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks7th-8th periods: Listening and speaking tasks.A. Pre-reading tasksPre-reading tasks1.T asks Ss the following questions. The first is based on the song. Teach YourChildren: (5minutes )According to the song, who should teach whom? Is learning a one-way street?(Parents and children should teach each other and learn from each other. Learning is a two-way interaction.)Can you guess what the theme of this unit, ways of learning, refers to? (Different people have different learning styles)2. Ss listen to the fo11owing quotation from《文汇读书周报》(20XX年12月1日第一版,"自主教育:“管”还是“不管”?) take some notes and then T will invite some Ss to summarize in English how Chen Yu hua’s parents handle her education.一本由中国经济出版社推出的《千万别管孩子一一自主教育哈佛启示录》的书近来极为畅销，问世才一月,在全国销售量已达到20余万册。
全新版《大学英语》教案（第二册）Unit 1 Ways of Learning1.教学目标及基本要求：Objectives:Students will be able to:1)grasp the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between theChinese and the Western learning styles) and structure of the text (introduction of the topic by an anecdote—elaboration by comparison and contrast);2)appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as differentways to compare and contrast(point-by-point method or one-side-at-a-time method);3)master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4)conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to thetheme of the unit.2. 教学内容及学时分配：Time allotment:1st period: pre-reading; text organization2nd period: while-reading3rd period: post-reading activities4th period: reading practice5th period: speaking6th period: writing3. 教学重点及难点：Important language points in the text:4. 教学内容的深化及拓宽：Students conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing practice to deepen their understanding of the points taught in class.5. 教学方式及在教学中应注意的问题：A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. Give students time to adapt to the new teaching mode in the university that are quite different from the one they were used to in the middle school. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study.6. 主要参考书目：季佩英，吴晓真，2001，《全新版大学英语综合教程2－教师用书》。
Unit 2ValuesⅠ. Suggested Teaching PlanStudents will be able to:1.understand the main idea (despite his wealth, Sam Walton remains down-home and devoted to his team) andstructure of the text;2.appreciate the use of indirect description in portraying a person;3.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking, and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.4.1.T asks Ss the following questions on the recorded passage: (5 minutes)—What happened to Abraham Lincoln one day? (Working as a shop clerk, he overcharged a customer.Although the sum was insignificant, Lincoln walked a long distance to return the money.) —How is the story related to the theme of the unit — values? (Abraham Lincoln regarded honesty as an important value.)2.Ss do Cloze B in after-text exercises to learn more about the values of American millionaires. (15 minutes)3.Rich people I know (15 minutes)1)Before class, Ss are asked to collect stories, news reports, pictures, books, or even video clips (if relevantequipment is available for showing them in class) of rich people.2)In class, Ss form groups of three to four to share what they have collected.3)Groups discuss what values these rich people hold dear.4)Speakers for several groups report their discussion results to the class.5)T reminds Ss to keep these values in mind when they study Text A, and see whether Sam Walton1. Text organization (20 minutes)1)T asks Ss to scan the text to see if there is any natural dividing lines separating it into parts. (The textcan be divided into three parts. Between each part, there is a blank line.)2)T draws Ss’ attention to Text Organization Exercise 1, guides them through the directions, so that theycan grasp the main function of each part.3)Ss scan the text again to underline all the names mentioned and tell who these persons are.(They are: Jamie Beaulieu, waiter at Sam Walton’s birthday partyJonnie Baker, night manager at the local Wal-MartRichard Hoback, Mayor of Bentonville, ArkansasGordon Garlington, pastor of the local churchJohn Marshall, local barberJim V on Gremp, corporate affairs directorFerold F. Arend, retired president of Wal-MartJim Hendren, company lawyeralso see Text Analysis)4) Ss will notice that the text transits from Part II to Part III when the first corporate job — corporateaffairs director — is mentioned.2.T explains language points and gives Ss practice (see Language Study). (60 minutes)3.Finding synonyms or synonymous phrases for “down-home” (10 minutes)1)T asks some Ss to explain the title of Text A in their own words.2)Ss work alone to find out synonyms or synonymous phrases for “down-home”.3)Some Ss report their findings to the class.( Para 5 carry on like plain folksPara 6 folksy waysPara 7 friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in, never flashy, never throwing his weight aroundPara 11 not a front-page person)4) T reminds Ss to vary their own writings by synonyms or synonymous phrases.Post-reading tasks1. Using indirect description in portraying a person (25 minutes)1)Ss complete Text Organization Exercise 2 and compare answers with each other.2)T makes Ss think by asking Ss this question: How does the author reveal these character traits of SamWalton? Does he come forward to tell us directly what Sam Walton is like?3)T introduces methods of indirect description and writes them down on the blackboard: anecdotes,examples, quotes, comparison and contrast, etc. (see Text Analysis)4)Ss work in pairs to find out examples of these methods.5)Some pairs report their findings to the class.6)T urges Ss to adopt these methods when describing a person.2.T guides Ss through some after-text exercises. (25 minutes)3.T checks on Ss’ home reading (Text B). (3 minutes)4.Ss do Part IV: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks. (1 period)5.T asks Ss to prepare the next unit: (2 minutes)1)do the pre-reading task;2)preview Text A.Ⅱ.Text AnalysisTo make a character portrait convincing, an author must refrain from telling readers directly what the person is like. Instead, he/she lets readers deduce.Of all the methods of indirect description, the one used most frequently in Text A is quotation. The author quotes not only Sam Walton himself, e.g. “The reason for our success... is our people and the way they’re treated and the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit”, but also his townsfolk and colleagues (as shown in while-reading tasks in the Suggested Teaching Plan).The text begins with an anecdote: how waiter Jamie Beaulieu had anticipated a lavish mansion at the Waltons, only to find an ordinary-looking household. This kind of beginning lures readers to go on. There are other anecdotes, like how Sam Walton forgot his wallet and insisted on fetching it to pay the local barber, and how he lost 4 straight games after a Wal-Mart employee asked him a question about pricing.Sam Walton is a folksy guy, of which a lot of examples are given. Examples of how generous an employer he is are also plentiful.Jamie Beaulieu’s anticipation and the reality he later found out form a contrast. It reveals Sam Walton’s down-home characteristics. When retired company president Ferold F. Arend compared Sam Walton with his previous employer, we appreciate further Sam Walton’s generosity.Ⅲ. Cultural Notes1. Rolls-Royce: any of the large, expensive, comfortable cars made by the British company Rolls-Royce.Many people recognize them by the small metal statue on the front of every Rolls-Royce car. The company was formed in 1905-1906 by Charles Rolls (1877-1910) and Henry Royce (1863-1933) and also produces aircraft engines. The Rolls-Royce company was bought by the German company V olkswagen in 1998. The name Rolls-Royce is also used informally to refer to the best product of a particular type.2.dime store: a store offering a wide assortment of inexpensive items, formerly costing five or ten cents, forpersonal and household use.3.Wal-Mart: any of a very large chain of shops in the US selling a wide range of goods at low prices.The first Wal-Mart Discount City was opened in 1962 by Sam Walton.4.Ford Motor Company: a large US company that makes cars. It was established in Detroit in 1903 byHenry Ford, and the first Model T was sold in 1908. The company has produced the Lincoln since 1922and the Mercury since 1938.s: Apart from their surname or last name, most British and American children are given two personalnames by their parents, a first name and a middle name. These names are sometimes called Christian names or given names. Some people have only one given name, a few have three or more. Friends and members of a family who are of similar age usually call one another by their first names. In some families young people now also call their aunts and uncles and even their parents by their first names. Outside the family, the expression be on first name terms suggests that the people concerned have a friendly, informal relationship.When writing their name Americans commonly give their first name, their middle initial and their last name, e.g. George M. Cohan. Both given names are used in full only on formal occasions, e.g. when people get married.6. Forbes: an American business magazine. It is noted for its lists of the richest men and women in business. Inits November 27, 2000 edition it published one listing the 50 richest businessmen and women in China, headed by Rong Yiren of CITIC with 1.9 billion dollars, followed in second place by Liu Yongxing of the Hope Group with 1 billion dollars. The richest businesswoman on the list was Y ang Lan of Sun Television, with 63 million dollars.Ⅳ. Language Study1. He imagined what surely awaited: He imagined what he was surely to see.2. remote: far away in space or timeExamples: The supply of electricity to remote mountainous villages is one of the local development projects in Yunnan province.Taming the deserts is no longer a dream of the remote future but a practical humanendeavor.3. discount: amount of money which may be taken off the full priceExamples: Traditional retailers who’ve opened cyberstores may offer special discounts to onl ine shoppers.Though online bookstores usually offer discounts, don’t expect to save much.4.It was nice, but no palace: The house was nice, but not luxurious.5.Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks ...: It is only in America that abillionaire can live in the same way as ordinary people...only: In writing and formal speech, you can put “only” at the beginning of a sentence, followed by the word, word group, or clause it modifies, and then you put an auxiliary or “be” followed by the subject of the main clause.Examples: Only here was it safe to prepare and handle hot drinks.Only then did Peter realize that he still hadn’t phoned his mother.Only when the injured limb is fully mobile will the runner be encouraged tore-strengthen it.carry on: behave or conduct oneself in a specific wayExamples: There’s nothing unusual about them. They carry on just like everybody else.He carries on as if he were a millionaire, spending money left, right and centre.folk: people in general (You can refer to people as folk or folks.)Examples: They got married and had kids and lived like other folks.These are the folks from the local TV station.get away with: do sth. wrong or risky without being caught or punishedExamples: They claimed that they knew how to play the system and get away with it.Eric has been getting away with tax fraud for years.6.bird dogs: dogs which hunt birds7.local: of or for a particular placeExamples: The plane was to take off at 6 a.m. and land at 7 a.m. local time.Three-quarters of the investment needed to host the Olympics would be borne bycentral and local government.8. treatment: the way you deal with sb. or behave towards them (followed by of)Examples: Like everyone else, I resent his cruel treatment of his old father.The old woman suffered from bad treatment at the hands of her sons. None of themwere willing to take care of her.9. by/from all accounts: according to what everyone saysExamples: Tom, by all accounts, is a superb teacher.The Chinese football team will play the Koreans tonight. It should be a match worthwatching, by all accounts.10. cheerful: (of sb.) happy in a lively, energetic way; (of sth.) making you feel happyExamples: One of the reasons why she is successful is that she is able to remain cheerful in a crisis.They are both very cheerful in spite of their colds.The kindergarten is bright and cheerful, with plenty of toys.11. blend in/into: If sb. blends into a particular group or situation, or if they blend in, they seem tobelong there or are not noticeable, because their behavior is similar to that of the other people involved, (used in the patterns: blend in; blend into sth.; blend in with sth.)Examples: What he said reinforced my determination to blend in with my surroundings.As a newly-appointed manager, he was not sure whether he could blend in.The painter blended in with the crowd at the art sale.12. throw one’s weight around: behave in an aggressively arrogant wayExamples: Mr. Smith is not much of a manager. He always throws his weight around.Folks don’t like their chairman as he always throws his weight around.13. reserve: 1) order or book (a seat, book, room, table, etc.)Examples: The service at that five-star restaurant is excellent. I’ll reserve a table for five there.Demand will be huge, so ask your friends to reserve tickets for the concert.2) keep for a special use (used in the pattern: be reserved for sb/sth.)Examples: In the United States lanes are reserved for cars with more than one occupant.Some seats on the buses are reserved for the old.14.“Look, he’s just not that way.”: “You see, he is not the sort of person to reserve seats for himself.”15.o pen up: unlock and open the door so that people can get inExamples: Open up, or I break in.They open the school up at 7:45 a.m. so that students can have more sleep.16.I t buried the Forbes list at the bottom of page 2.: The Forbes list was arranged at the bottom ofpage 2 in the Benton County Daily Democrat so that it could not be found easily.17.h eadline: the title of a newspaper article, printed above the article in large lettersExamples: Headlines in the newspaper are arranged so that they attract attention.The headlines in the newspapers were to please millions of people in China: Beijing tohost the 2008 Olympic Games.18. h old to: keep toExamples: John holds to his belief that you can be successful as long as you work hard.She always holds passionately to the view that her mother is an angel.19. s tock: shares of a company that are sold to investorsExamples: You’d be tter get professional advice before buying stocks or bonds.After a dull start, stock prices moved ahead again yesterday.20. o n the run: continuously active and moving about; try to avoid being capturedExamples: I have been on the run all day and I am exhausted.He has to be on the run from one office to another to get the permit to open a takeawayrestaurant.He is on the run from the police.21. s teer clear of: keep away fromExamples: Children are told to steer clear of troublemakers.Members of the club steer clear of controversial issues such as religion.22. But the real story in his mind is ...: But what is always on his mind is ...23. make up: form the whole of (sth.)Examples: Women make up nearly 50% of university entrants.The college is made up of fourteen departments and five research centers.24. l iable: likely (to do sth.)Examples: It’s liable to snow heavily tomorrow.The sports meeting is liable to be postponed until next week because of the bad weather.25. a s laid down...: as establishedlay down: officially establish a rule, or officially state the way in which sth. must be doneExamples: Conditions for membership are laid down in the soccer club rules.The school authorities have issued a new booklet laying down regulations for students.26. loyalty: the quality of staying firm in your friendship or support for sb/sth.; a strong feeling that onewants to be faithful to sb./sth. (followed by to)Examples:My father is a soccer fan. His loyalty to the local team has taken him all over the country to see them play.Once his mind was made up, General Lee never changed his loyalty to the South.27. system: 1) set of ideas, theories, principles, etc. according to which sth. is doneExamples: The classification of the books in the library follows the Dewey Decimal System.All the employees are required to work on an eight-hour system.2) group of things or parts working together as a wholeExamples: With the further development of automation, more complicated control systems have come into being.Manned space vehicles have life-support systems designed to meet all the physicalneeds of the crew.28.cut prices and margins to the bone: reduce prices and margins considerably or dramatically29. qualify: have or give (sb.) a legal right (to sth./to do sth.) (followed by for or infinitive to) Examples: Highly trained staff are well qualified to give practical advice to students when they select courses.30. option: 1) (in business) an agreement or contract that gives sb. the right to buy or sell sth. Such asproperty or shares at a future dateExamples: With cash, stock options and the promise of vast resources, Microsoft has attracted faculty elites to its research center.Jones has taken an option on that house.2) sth. you can choose to doExamples: She has the option of entering graduate school or starting her professional career.Analysts say that the launch of the euro offers a new and attractive option.31. scholarship: (award of a) grant of money to a scholarExamples: He can’t afford to go to college if he doesn’t win a scholarship.32. and the like: and other things of the same sortIf you mention particular things or people and then add “and the like”, you are indicating that there are other similar things or people that can be included in what you are saying.Examples: Many students are also keeping fit through jogging, aerobics, weight training, and the like.Always carry your passport, money and the like with you while you are travelingabroad.33.cultivate: 1) make a special effort to establish and develop (sth.)Examples: They encourage students to cultivate special interests in theoretical physics.Some students try to cultivate a love of art.2）repare land and grow crops on itExamples: They cultivated 500 acres in the suburb.The remote area has barely been cultivated for decades.34. reward: give sth. to (sb.) in return for work or services (used in the pattern: reward sb. for sth.withsth.)Examples: The officer is to be rewarded for his efforts with promotion to the rank of inspector.If you do well in the final exams, I will reward you with a trip to Hong Kong.35. r etire: (cause to) stop working at one’s job, usu. because of age (followed by from)Examples: Although their careers are important they plan to retire at 50.The school had to employ the retired teachers to give classes.36....who was stunned at such generosity after the stingy employer he left to join Wal-Mart: ...who, having left his stingy employer to join Wal-Mart, was shocked at such generosity by Walton 37. c ome/get aboard: (AmE, infml) joinExamples: New employees who came aboard in the last six weeks have not been tested.This is her second promotion since coming aboard.38. t he way they’re treated: how they’re treatedWhen “the way” is followed by a defining relative clause, this clause can be either a “that” clause ora clause beginning with “in which”. For example, you can say “the way she told the story”, “theway that she told the story”, or “the way in which she told the story”. There is no difference inmeaning.Examples: Scientists have spent years studying the way the brain retains information.The information highway will have an unimaginable impact on the way peoplecommunicate with each other.39. deserve: be sth. or have done sth. for which one should receive (a reward, special treatment, etc.);be entitled to (not used in the continuous tense)Examples: I am only partly responsible for the success of this book, my collaborator deserves more credit.They deserve a better salary for the job they do.Mary deserves a reward for her efforts.。
