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定语从句超详细讲解与练习

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定语从句

定语从句的构成 ：

两个简单句： A man is standing there. The man is my brother. = 主从复合句： The man who is standing there is my brother.

__________

_________

先行词： 行，走路的意思。先行词就是放在从句前面的词，但是自己为定语从句中的一部分。所以先行词在从句中作什么成分从句中就用什么样的引导词。

关系词：代替先行词担当从句中的句子成分，放在句首引导从句，所以也叫引导词。

1. 关系代词：在从句里代替先行词充当 __________、__________、__________ 关系词的种类 ： 2. 关系副词：在从句里代替先行词充当 ___________

关系词的作用 ： ①

代替前面的先行词在从句中充当必然的成分

② 把两个句子连起来 一、关系代词：

先行词 人 物 人＋物

主语 who/ that which/ that that

宾语 who/ whom/ that which/ that that

定语 whose whose/ of which

表语 that

注意：⑴、当先行词在从句中作宾语的时候能够省略引导词

把以下两个简单句合成一个主从复合句 1.He wants to see the man. + The man is in Shanghai.

① ________________________________________________________________

② ________________________________________________________________

2.I have a sister. + She works in Hebei.

① ________________________________________________________________

② ________________________________________________________________

3. This is the man. The police are looking for the man. 最新 Word

① ________________________________________________________________

② ________________________________________________________________

4.Do you know the girl? + Her mother works here.

① ________________________________________________________________

② ________________________________________________________________

5.I live in a room. + Its door faces south.

① ________________________________________________________________

② ________________________________________________________________

⑵先行词做宾语时 who 与 whom 的差异

一般情况下不进行划分，除非是紧跟在介词此后

1.This is the man. The police are looking for him.

→ This is the man (who/whom/that ) the police are looking for.【 who/whom/that 能够省略】其中介词 for 能够提前

→ This is the man for whom the police are looking.

介词在引导词前面只能用 whom, 而且不能够省略，因为介词此后只能接宾格

注： that 不能够放在介词此后

2. John is the driver. We talked about him.

→ John is the driver _________________ we talked about.

→ John is the driver about __________ we talked.

二、关系副词：

先行词 物

地点状语 where

时间状语 when

原因状语 why/ for which

把以下两个简单句合成一个主从复合句

This is the house. + I was born in the house.

→ ___________________________________________________________________

→ ___________________________________________________________________ 最新 Word

→ ___________________________________________________________________

比较： This is the house. The house was built 10 years ago.

→ ______________________________________________________________________

总结： __________________________________________________________________

We will never forget the day. + We will hold the Olympic Games on the day.

→ ______________________________________________________________________

→ ______________________________________________________________________

比较： I will never forget the day . I spent the day with you last year.

→ ______________________________________________________________________

→ ______________________________________________________________________

总结： __________________________________________________________________

I don’t know the reason. + He left here for the reason.

→ ______________________________________________________________________

→ ______________________________________________________________________

I don’tknow the reason. He has told others the reason.

→ ______________________________________________________________________

总结： __________________________________________________________________

介词加 which 能够等于 when、where 或 why

This was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in the war.

→① This was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in ________.

→② ___________________________________________________________________

→③ ___________________________________________________________________

It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on the farm.

→① It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on________.

→② ___________________________________________________________________

→③ ___________________________________________________________________

The police soon arrived at the scene(现场 ). There was a man lying at the scene.

→① The police soon arrived at the scene(现场 ). There was a man lying at ________.

→② ___________________________________________________________________

→③ ___________________________________________________________________

总结： where=介词 +which，介词是由 ___________________ 所决定的。

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高中定语从句详细讲解

高中定语从句详细讲解

1

高中定语从句详细讲解

（一）定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；

关系副词有when, where, why

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；

C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

I helped an old man who had lost his way. 我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。

The man ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的人已经来了。

注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

定语从句讲解与练习

定语从句讲解与练习

1 定语从句 The Adverbial Clause

一、 定语从句的定义：定语从句也称为关系从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系词除了起引导作用外，还在从句中指代前面的先行词，并在从句中担任一定成分。

什么是定语？ — 修饰、限制名词的成分

1. She is a pretty girl.

2. She is a woman driver.

3. A sleeping dog won’t bite.

4. a swimming pool

5. KFC = Kentucky Fried Chicken

6. the ability to solve problems

7. a book on E-commerce

8. a book published last year

9. a book that was published last year

什么是后置定语？— 置于所修饰的词之后的定语

这是一本关于电子商务的书。

这是一本上个世纪出版的书。

这是一本要修订的书。 This is a book on E-commerce. (后)

This is a book published last century. (后)

This is a book to be revised. (后)

什么是定语从句？— 在整个句子中用作定语的分句

上面例句中的定语成分全部都可以改为分句来作定语，如：

1. This is a good book. This is a book which is good.

2. This is a book on E-commerce. This is a book which is on commerce.

3. This is a book published last century. This is a book which was published last century.

高中英语定语从句详细讲解

高中英语定语从句详细讲解

高中英语定语从句详细讲解

定语从句基本概念

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose），as 等。

关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：

Any man?that / who has a sense of duty?won’t do such a thing.

任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：

The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.

注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。 关系代词的用法

that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music?that is quiet and gentle.

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）

The coat?（that） I put on the desk?is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building?which stands near the train station?is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

定语从句讲解+练习

定语从句讲解+练习

定语从句讲解

The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.

先行词 关系代词 定语从句

译：昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。

定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如上句中的 The man。

关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose；

关系副词有where, when, why 等。如上句中的who就是关系代词。

关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。

I like music that / which I can dance to.

先行词 关系代词

定语从句: that / which I can dance to.

如何选用关系代词呢？关系代词在定语从句中作何成分呢？

关系代词 在从句中的功能 指代

that 作主语或宾语 指人或物

which 作主语或宾语 指物（可与that互换）

who 作主语或

作宾语，此时可省略 指人（可与that互换）

whom 是who 的宾格, 作宾

语，可省略 指人

whose 是who 的所有格,

作后面名词的定语 指人或物

【指点迷津】

迷津之一：关系代词that 和which 的区别关系代词which 和that 都可以引导定语从句，并且在从句中充当主语或者宾语。它们的区别如下：

★ that 的先行词既可是人，也可是事物；而which 的先行词只能是事物。