语鹅市安置阳光实验学校高考英语二轮专题语法高频语法词汇详解
【1】 that
１.引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，无具体意义。A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (上海2004NMET)
2.关系代词，用于限制性定语从句。如：Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (上海春2002NMET)
3.程度副词，等于so.如：Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always that much to do. （广东2004NMET）
4.用于强调句型中，起连接作用。如：Why! I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say? (上海2004NMET)
5.替代词，既可替代可数名词，表特指；又可替代不可数名词，后接of。如：I’m moving to countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. (江苏2005NMET)
【２】what
1.引导名词性从句，担任句子成分。如：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津2004NMET)
2.疑问代词，指不定范围的“什么”。如：What do you think I should do to make up for the lost time?
3.whatever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。如：These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. (北京春2000NMET)
4.用于感叹句中。如：What terrible weather we’ve been having these days! (NMET1992)
5.在情景交际中的用法：
What for?（表原因，译作“为何”）
What’s up?（相当于What’s happening?）
So what?（表“是……又怎么样呢？”）
What a shame!（表遗憾）
What’s more.（表递进）
What’s wrong?（表焦虑）
.What?（请对方部分重复时常用的表达用语。还可表示惊奇，对方不必作答。）如：
---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
---What for? (NMET2004)
【３】where
1.从属连词，引导地点状语从句。如：The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. (上海春2002NMET)
2.关系副词。用于定语从句。如：There were dirty marks on her trousers where she had wiped her hands.
3.连接副词，用于名词性从句。如：You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. (NMET2004)
【4】which
1.疑问代词，指一定范围的“什么”，常译作“哪一个”。如：Which do you prefer to kill your spare time---watching TV or reading?
2.关系代词，也可指代整个句子，但有别于as,不能置于句首；“介词+which”用法一直是高考热点。如：The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.（辽宁2004）
3.连接代词，用于名词性从句中。如：I read about it in some book or other, does it matter which it was? （北京春2001）
【5】it
1.替代词it，替代同一事物而非同类事物，也可指代前面整个句子。如：Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn’t help. (NMET1993)
2.先行词it，用于名词性从句中，作形式主语或宾语。如：I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (NMET2004)
3.引导词it，用于强调句型中。如：It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.（广东2004）
4.虚意it，无具体意义，用来指时间、距离、天气等或较笼统、较模糊的情况。如：
-----I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
-----Forget it. We’re too busy. （NMET2004）
5.人称代词it，指动物或无生命的东西，如：
Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, isn’t it?【6】when
1.引导时间状语从句。如：Don’t be afraid of asking for help when it is needed.
2.类似并列连词，表at that time, 常用于be about to do ... when, hardly...when等句型中。如：
We were swimming in the lake when suddenly the storm started.
3.表原因，同since。如：Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such
a good one already?(NMET1998)
4.连接副词，用于名词性从句中。如：I remember when this used to be a quiet village. (NMET1993)
5.关系副词，用于定语从句中。如：The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET2001)
6.whenever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。如：You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like. (重庆2004)
7.表让步，同even if.如：The enemy held out when they must have known there was no hope.
【7】an/a/the
1.结合语境，分析特指与泛指。
2.表示类别，分清整体和个体。The表示“人或物整体的一类”；a/an表示“一类人或物中的任何一个。”换言之，the是从种类整体讲的，而a/an则是从种类个体的角度讲的。
3.注意名词，分清抽象与具体。
