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卡顿的救赎——《双城记》中博爱精神的体现摘要：英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯在1859年出版的长篇小说《双城记>，是他创作巅峰时期的作品。
作家以这部小说来宣扬人道主义，褒扬和歌颂人道主义的精髓——博爱。
博爱是狄更斯自身的精神追求，也是<双城记)的核心思想。
西德尼·卡顿不仅仅要拯救露西，拯救曼内特一家，而且要抗衡杀戮的逆流，呼唤人类的良知。
一个被社会排挤、遗弃的青年，却以自己年轻的生命，以自我牺牲的崇高精神来救赎社会。
卡顿的救赎，是狄更斯在<双城记)中所重点刻画的。
狄更斯如实地以无限的深情描述了卡顿赴刑的场面，完成了卡顿由死颂生，由死到生的辩证转化。
关键词：救赎；人道主义；博爱；非暴力英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens，1812—1870)在1859年出版的长篇小说《双城记》，是他创作巅峰时期的作品，也是他重要的代表作之一。
狄更斯以法国大革命时期的巴黎和英国伦敦为典型环境，以艺术的创作方法构思了感人至深的典型事件，塑造了一系列的典型人物，创作出有着浓重悲剧色彩的《双城记》。
狄更斯是一个“有着强烈惩恶扬善思想的作家，从不在作品中隐瞒自己的思想情感州11。
他以这部小说来宣扬人道主义，褒扬和歌颂人道主义的精髓——博爱。
博爱是狄更斯自身的精神追求，也是《双城记》的核心思想。
<双城记》中的人物西德尼·卡顿和查尔斯·达奈有着许多相似之处，如他俩都具有博爱的情怀，他们都爱露西·曼内特，而最显著的特点是他们外貌非常相似，简直就像一对孪生兄弟，这就使《双城记》故事情节的展开更具神秘的戏剧性效果。
当我们读完小说，掩卷深思，西德尼·卡顿自始至终都是为他人着想，为他人做出退让和牺牲，以至在最后做了周密细致、十分完美的安排之后，冒名顶替，慷慨赴刑，以他一个人的生命换来曼内特全家三代四口人的生命。
卡顿的救赎，不仅是对露西及其家人的爱，而且还是对整个人类的爱，是伟大的博爱。
第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens(1812-1870)(查尔斯•狄更斯)1.Life(生平)Charles Dickens was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire in1812. When he was11,his father was put to a debtor’s prison,so he was forced to work ten hours a day in a warehouse.At fifteen,he began to work as a lawyer’s office boy and read at the British Museum in his spare time.The suffering of his childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1833,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,he got married and meanwhile was writing The Pickwick Papers,which helped Dickens rise to fame at25.His industry was tremendous and his energy inexhaustible.He wrote novels,autobiographies,travel books,wrote and performed plays,edited periodicals,and administered charitable organizations.After the separation from his wife,he began to give public readings from his works to increase income,which further undermined his health.In1870, while working on The Mystery of Edwin Drood at his country house,he suffered a stroke of apoplexy and died a day later.After a simple funeral according to his wish, he was buried in Westminster Abbey.查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。
浅析《远大前程》中主人公的性格与命运前言：查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)(1812年一1870年)，是19世纪最著名的英国小说家之一。
他的父亲因债务问题入狱，为补贴家用，狄更斯只有去当鞋童工。
但是他不想放弃成为作家这个梦想。
于是，他努力学习文化知识，先从记者做起，之后成为了小说家。
(查尔斯·狄更斯的生活经历在《远大前程》这部小说中有类似的体现。
)狄更斯的大部分作品都是描写在英国的维多利亚时期的底层人民过着苦难生活，亦反映了当时伦敦上层社会奢靡的生活习气。
《远大前程》是狄更斯创作后期的最主要的作品之一，他在这一时期还创作了最著名的《双城记》等优秀作品。
《远大前程》描述的是一个名叫皮普的孤儿幻想破灭的悲剧。
皮普本来是一个善良、纯朴、拥有理想的乡村青年。
可是，当他遇到埃斯黛拉后，心中虚荣的种子开始萌芽，他立志步入上流社会，成为一名所谓的绅士，就是为了与埃斯黛拉相互般配。
突然有一天，他将得到一位匿名人士的一大笔财产资助，自己的人生即将彻底改变，怀揣多年的远大理想也终于就要实现了。
在来到伦敦之后，他追求奢华的生活，挥金如土，结果债务累累。
几个月未见的姐夫——乔前来探望，他竟然产生了嫌弃之情，枉费姐夫从小对他的一片关心。
就在此时，那个资助者为了见见自己“培养的绅士”，悄悄来到伦敦，但作为逃犯的身份被揭穿了。
皮普知道后，感到非常震惊、甚至心生厌恶。
可是，随着逃犯的去世，他的理想生活成为了幻影。
后来，失去了这一切的皮普生了一场大病，好心的乔不但悉心照顾，还替他还清了债务。
最终，还是回到了乔身边，感觉从未离开过。
他终于领悟到所谓的远大前程就是吹弹可破的泡沫，对他来说，牢不可破的是拥有真诚的朋友和平凡的生活。
小说从三个个阶段清晰展现了皮普的成长，由善良纯朴到爱慕虚荣，甚至贪恋浮华的生活，经历磨难后回归自我。
最终逃不过命运的轮回，回到原本朴实的生活中。
通过对皮普成长历程的描写，来展现主人公性格的发展。
必修一名著《大卫·科波菲尔》导读一、作者查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）（1812－1870），19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。
他出生贫寒，经历坎坷，只上过几年学，全靠刻苦自学和艰辛劳动成为知名作家。
狄更斯是高产作家，他凭借勤奋和天赋创作出一大批经典著作，如《雾都孤儿》《董贝父子》《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》等。
他在艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。
二、简介是19世纪英国批判现实主义作家狄更斯的一部重要作品，曾被列夫·托尔斯泰誉为“一切英国小说中最好的一部”。
在这部带有自传性质的小说里，狄更斯借“大卫自身的历史和经验”，从某些方面回顾和总结了自己的生活道路，表现出他的人生态度、道德理想。
其作品广泛而深刻地描写了这时期的社会生活，鲜明而生动地刻画了各阶层的代表人物形象，并从人道主义出发对各种丑恶的社会现象及其代表人物进行揭露批判，对劳动人民的苦难及其反抗斗争给以同情和支持。
狄更斯看到了社会的“不人道”。
他愤慨，他谴责，却不能从本质上去认识它，更找不出正确的解决途径，而是把改造现实的希望寄托在道德的作用上，寄托在善良的人身上和他们对于幸福坚持不解的追求上。
三、故事梗概大卫·科波菲尔尚未来到人间，父亲就已去世，他在母亲及女仆佩葛蒂的照管下长大：不久，母亲改嫁，后父摩德斯通凶狠贪婪，他把大卫看作累赘，婚前就把大卫送到佩葛蒂的哥哥辟果提先生家里。
辟果提先生是个正直善良的渔民，住在雅茅斯海边一座用破船改成的小屋里，与收养的一对孤儿（他妹妹的女儿爱弥丽和他弟弟的儿子海穆）相依为命。
大卫和他们一起过着清苦和睦的生活。
大卫回家后，后父常常责打他，并且剥夺了他母亲对他的关怀和爱抚。
母亲去世后，后父立即把不足10岁的大卫送去当洗刷酒瓶的童工，让他过着不能温饱的生活。
他历尽艰辛，最后找到了姨婆贝西小姐。
Oliver Twist
In the before,I always complained about my life. Why I am short? Why my study was not very good? During the reading class, our teacher asked us read novels every month, I read Oliver Twist by accident. Since then I changed my mind.
This book was written by Charles Dickens, the greatest representative of English critical realism.He was born in 1812 in Portsmouth. When he was four the family moved to Chatham,where he spent the happiest five years of in his childhood.But after the family moved to London, the situation changed. And his father was put in prison for heavily debt when young Charles was only 12 years old .He had to giving up schooling to work in a blacking factory.At that time his dream of becoming a learned gentleman was dashed to pieces.These 2 years were spent in poverty and humiliation. But, it was during this period that he came to know the life of the poor and the dark side of London.Fortunately, the family fortune changed. Charles could leave the factory to enter school again. In 1827,he left school to work at a lawyer”s office,and two years later, he became a parliamentary reporter.In 1836,Dickens first book Sketches by Boz published.
The main character of this book was Oliver Twist. His mother was unknown to others and himself, so he became an orphan when he came to the world and was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. It was the tragic of that time that all of the homeless children had to be sent the workhouse and they began their endless life. When another child said something bad about his mother, he became furious and taught him a lesson by his fists and arms. After he arrived in London, he received an education in villainy from the criminal gang of Fagin that includes the brutal thief Bill Sikes, the famous artful Dodger and Nancy. There he was forced to do bad things, which was a torture to his kind heart. Fortunately, he was rescued by a benefactor—Mr. Brownlow, who was kind enough to offer a good live to the child who had never been cared about by others. He lived a happy and comfortable life, but another thing ended his short, precious happiness. One day, Mr. Brownlow asked Oliver to return some books to the bookseller and to send some money for the new books that he had already collected. But the mysterious Monks got the gang to kidnap the boy again, after which he disappeared in Mr. Brownlow’s life. Searching for a
while, Mr. Brownlow had to believe the fact that he had run away with his money. But dramatically, they came across each other again a few years later. Without hesitation, Mr. Brownlow took Oliver home for the second time not caring if he had done something evil.
For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose', he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself.
To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people's honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness', they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest.Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.'
参考文献：刘意清、刘炅《简明英国文学史》
简明英国文学史
姓名：车菲菲
班级：商务英语2班学号：2012505026 指导老师：方岩。
