2014届高三英语人教版大一轮复习题库_语法知识_专题一_名词与冠词_Word版含解析

专题01 名词一、 名词概览二、 名词的种类名词按其词汇意义可分为两大类：专有名词和普通名词。

普通名词又可分为四类：个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。

其中个体名词和集体名词时可数名词；物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。

1. 专有名词与普通名词（1） 专有名词是表示个人、机构、组织、地方、国家等的专有名称的词。

首字母一般大写。

例如:Alice ， Australia ，Oxford University, January ，Monday ，Christmas ， the Internet, Harry Potter（2） 普通名词时表示一类人或物或是一个抽象概念的名称的词，例如：worker ，名词名词的种类专有名词与普通名词个体名词与集体名词物质名词与抽象名词可数名词与不可数名词名词复数规则的名词复数形式不规则的名词复数形式合成名词的复数形式常用复数形式的名词名词所有格表示有生命的名词所有格表示无生命的名词所有格双重所有格名词作定语machine， information。

2.个体名词与集体名词（1）个体名词指具体的人或物，也可指抽象的事物。

个体名词都是可数名词，有单复数形式。

例如：a boy—two boys, a tree—two trees （2）集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，是一群人或一类事物的总称。

1.有些集体名词表示整体时看作单数看待，表示各个成员时作复数看待。

例如： audience，class，club，committee，couple，crew， crowd，enemy，family，government，group，staff，team。

Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caughtby the German Nazis. 〔表示整体〕她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否如此将会被德国纳粹抓走。

Ⅰ.选词填空1．The dog had such __________ to its master that it would not leave him，even when he was dead.(devotion，contribution，connection，application)答案：devotion2．They built strong walls round the town as a __________ against enemies.(defence，defend，defeat，depend)答案：defence3．I bought a beautiful cellphone，which was the __________ of all my classmates.(admire，wish，respect，envy)答案：envy4．We believe that __________ to a free trade destroy wealth and benefit no one in the long run.(attempts，administrations，barriers，procedures)答案：barriers5．It’s hard to imagine a large city without policemen，but such was the __________ in London in the early 18th century.(situation，condition，affair，matter)答案：situationⅡ.用适当的冠词填空1．I don’t usually have __________ breakfast，but I always eat __________ good supper.答案：/；a2．Washington was elected __________ President in 1787.He was the first president of __________ United States.答案：。

专题一名词、数词、介词名词一、名词的数1．常用作复数的名词（1）有些名词只用作复数或在一些固定用法中只用作复数,如：make preparations (＝prepare）。

(2）成双成对的东西一般只用作复数,如：scissors（剪刀），glasses，trousers，shorts（短裤),socks（短袜）。

2．抽象名词、物质名词具体化beauty（美，美貌)→a beauty（一个美人或一件美物）must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物）tea（茶）→a tea(一杯茶）二、名词作定语1．用名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，通常用单数形式，如：toothbrushes牙刷；bookmarks书签。

2．man和woman这两个词比较特殊，用单数还是复数取决于被修饰的名词，如：a man doctor一名男大夫；two men doctors两名男大夫。

3．还有少数名词用其复数形式作定语，如：a clothes shop一家服装店；a sports man一个运动员.三、名词的所有格1．表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加’s，如：Jane’s and Mary’s bikes。

2．表示共有的所有关系时,在最后一词末加’s，如：Jane and Mary’s father。

3．表示“某人家”“某店铺”，所有格后名词常省略，如：the doctor’s；the barber’s.数词一、倍数的表达法：1．倍数＋比较级＋thanHe has read three times more books than I have.2．倍数＋as＋adj./adv。

＋asWe have produced three times as many computers as we did last year.3．倍数＋the＋n.（size，length，width，height.。

.)＋ofChina is almost twice/double the size of Mexico in area。

高考语法通关一、名词与冠词■ (_)名词//////^ 钢解 ^//////■名词是中学英语语法的重要内容之一，也是咼考重要考点。

在咼考试卷中，单项填空、完型填空、短文改错语篇中的名词词义理解及单词拼写等方面题型都设置对名词的考查。

■研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

//////^ 点扫 ^//////■考点一抽象名词具体化• 1.具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。

■(l)difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事■(2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历■(3)failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件鏗失败的事| |■(4)knowledge 矢口识；a good knowledge对……精通/熟知■(6)surprise惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事■(7)honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事■Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

■The party last night was a success.We sang and danced until it came to an end.■昨晚的晚会很成功，我们唱啊跳啊直到晚会结束。

■Losing the game was a difficult experience for■ 2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词■你想喝点咖啡吗?■ I would like a coffee and two beers. ■我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。

■考点二名词的数■1.单数名词变为复数名词■(1)以0结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s,但是下列名词要加es,它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿,即Xegroes, heroes ,potatoes, tomatoes o■(2)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加s,但下列以f或fe结尾的名词需把f或fe 变为ves,它们是：为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上把狼劈成两半,即：selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves■ (3)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变申复数。

Unit 5 THE FOURTH BOOTheme parks1 .联想记忆（根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语 ）1. various adj.各种各样的宀a variety of 各种各样的2. no_wonder 难怪：不足为奇宀 no doubt 毫无疑问3.preserve vt.保存；保留；n.保护区宀be well preserved 保养/存的好4. be modelled_after 仿造宀 be named_after 根据 .... 命名5. minority n .少数民族；少数I majority n .大多数6. in advanee 提前宀 ahead of time 提前7. ................................................................................................................. come_to_life 活跃起来come to 苏醒宀 bring...baek to life 使 ............................... 苏醒 & be famous_for 以 .... 而闻名宀 be famous to 被/为 .... 所熟知n .构词记忆（根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词 ）1.center n . 中心宀 central adj .中心的2. tourism n .旅游业宀 tourist n .游客3. long adj.长的length n .长度4.advanee vt. & vi.前进advanced adj.高级的； 先进的5. admit v .允许进入；承认admission n .入场费；承认；允许进入 川.语境填词（根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空）1. Disneyland is famous as an amusement_theme （娱乐主题）park with many cartoon （卡通） characters.No_wonder （难怪）so many kids are attracted by it.2 . Tourism （旅游业）is booming in China.Wherever （无论哪里）you go, you ' ll find unique_attractions （独特的景点）.3. So many people like to get_close_to （ 接近）nature, so admission （入场费）fees for some areas are higher and for most of them, you have to book tickets in_advance （ 提前）.4. Some fierce creatures （动物）are kept in the preserve （保护区）.If you want to visit it, you should first read the brochure （小册子）for safety.5. The factory makes shoes that are_modelled_after （根据 ... 模仿 ）various famous brands （牌 子）.IV .语境记忆（背诵语段，记忆单元词汇）[gj 晨记有逍方法•音频登陆 www. zxst kw. co nn 免费聆听纯正英语之声Various theme parks attract many tourists.Some jungle and creature preserves are quite unique and amusing.V .课文原句背诵1. Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!无论你喜欢哪一个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园！2. One day，news came that Britain ' s old king had died without a son.有一天，消息传来英国老国王死了，可他没有儿子（继承王位）。

2014届高考英语第一轮复习学案：冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

一、不定冠词的用法1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。

3.表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4.表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填B. aC. theD. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6.用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。

名词、代词、冠词考点一名词题型一名词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.If you want to see how life was back in the old days, China still has many beautiful water (town) to visit.【答案】towns2.They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making (preparation)for the long cold winter.【答案】preparations3.Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, (tomato) and sunflowers.【答案】tomatoes4.Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring (country).【答案】countries5.A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hungry stomach.【答案】child’sⅡ.单句改错6. He usually goes to see his parents on Saturday’s evening.【答案】Saturday’s→Saturday7.Some of us also made a public speech to tell people some knowledges about protecting the environment.【答案】knowledges→knowledge题型二名词构词法1.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.【答案】observation2.You may not know the name John Stith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his (invent):Coca-Cola.【答案】invention3.I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).【答案】distance4.Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.【答案】strength5.Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the (encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.【答案】encouragement6.In 1962, Rachel Carson’s best-selling book “Silent Spring〞 created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药).【答案】awareness7.Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.【答案】combination考点二代词Ⅰ.单句填空1.China’s research icebreaker X uelong, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on (it) way back to China.【答案】its2.To lighten the addiction, he created his own drink by using leaves of coca and kola nuts. He named “Pemberton’s French Wine Coca〞.【答案】it3.More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want, and I am one of (they).【答案】them4.In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise.【答案】their5.In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu.【答案】himselfⅡ.单句改错6.Without ads, that would be difficult to get across a product’s basic message.【答案】that→it7.A large number of students and even some teachers took an active part in it, where the participants handed in our works which were later graded bycalligraphers.【答案】our→their8.But even if every large city purified and reused it’s water, we still would not have enough water.【答案】it’s→its9.I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like neither of them very much.【答案】neither→either考点三冠词题型一冠词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.Also known as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning country’s 35th Antarctic expedition.【答案】the2.It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life,it’s ongoing process.【答案】an3.Chaplin liked idea of working in the film industry because it would mean a new life.【答案】the4.Three became political leaders;three became doctors;the most famous graduate became university teacher and was responsible for the introduction of modern teaching methods in his country.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.I’m lucky enough to make friends with so nice person.【答案】person前加a6.What a impressive experience!【答案】a→an题型二冠词的习惯用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.The sound of the car died away in distance.【答案】the2.Eating chocolate once in while makes it easier for you to resist eating it all the time.【答案】 a3.Beavers build themselves curious huts to live in, and quite frequently great number of these huts are placed close together.【答案】 a4.All ofsudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.Some of the scenery in this area ranks among best in the country.【答案】best前加the6.To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me.【答案】第一个a→thestly, you should remember to take some food for the lunch because we’ll stay there and chat with them at noon.【答案】删除the《真题训练》考点一名词第一组1.(某某,6)The(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.【答案】possibility2.(江苏,32)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the(assume) you’ve made.【答案】assumption3.(江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.【答案】explanations4.(浙江,4 )It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.【答案】electricity5.(江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.【答案】happiness6.(江苏,32)Some schools will have to make(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.【答案】adjustments/adjustment7.(江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my(apologize).【答案】apology/apologies8.(浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.【答案】stress9.(安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some(think)and then let me know.【答案】thought第二组1.(2020届安徽六安一中月考一,66)Though alone, you can enjoy your travel in (silent) while thinking quietly.【答案】silence2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,67)Human food is very bad for thebaboons’(tooth)because it has a lot of sugar.【答案】teeth3.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,67)That writing system was of great (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.【答案】importance4.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,65)Due to the (arrive) of more Chinese, more shops and businesses grew up.【答案】arrival5.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,45)These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious (sweet) to the locals.【答案】sweetness6.(河北保定摸底考试,70)Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM, rather than being in (compete), is where the potential for great effects lies.【答案】competition7.(海南儋州一次统测,64)By the time of his (die), he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world. 【答案】death8.(河南洛阳期中考试,64)So far modern (platform) have taken the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructure construction to design and robots.【答案】platforms9.(浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,62)He decided to put his plan into (act)—building a garden.【答案】action10.(江西红色七校一联,64)To the citizens in Hangzhou, the best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and(compete)close to home. 【答案】competitions考点二代词第一组1.(某某,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.【答案】those2.(某某,11)was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.【答案】It3.(浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK.【答案】that4.(某某,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.【答案】that5.(浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?【答案】it6.(重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure. 【答案】nobody7.(陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.【答案】other8.(四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.【答案】none第二组1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校〞一联,67)In terms of social psychology, one way of thinking about this is that we feel much better about (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison.【答案】ourselves2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,68)(they)job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.【答案】Their3.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,43)Then he hid (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock.【答案】himself4.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,49)If you pick one grape and put in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste.【答案】it5.(2020届四川绵阳南山中学9月月考,70)Now it occurred to (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【答案】him6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,67)However, quite a few other people, especially in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness〞.【答案】those7.(山西太原期中考试,69)In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.【答案】it8.(吉林长春市实验中学月考三,63)On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise (they) heads with the sound of thunder.【答案】their9.(湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64)They say normal levels of stress can help students to work and think faster and more effectively,as well asimprove(they)performance.【答案】their10.(江西红色七校一联,69)In the next few years, Hangzhou will try its best to prepare(it)for the big show.【答案】itself考点三冠词第一组1.(浙江,2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris. 【答案】The; a2.(浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.【答案】the3.(重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask. 【答案】the;a4.(四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven. 【答案】 a第二组1.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,50)The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents opportunity to improve one’s condition.【答案】an2.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,62)Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They got a worrying result from their fall monarch count in — number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since .【答案】the3.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,61)Gerrard Street, which is between Leicester Square and Shaftesbury Avenue, is the most important street in the area. There is unique community with many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets and shops.【答案】 a4.(2020届江西南昌开学摸底,70)So the key to using a happy smile to make you better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a race’s end, but in 30-second bursts, rather than constantly.【答案】 a5.(2020届云南昆明一中一次摸底,61)The Economist is English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd.【答案】an6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,69)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.【答案】 a7.(吉林省吉林市调研一,64)But naps can actually be double-edged sword because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.【答案】 a8.(湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试, 61)Produced by China Central Television (CCTV) and the Ministry of Educati on(MOE),“First Class for New Semester〞 has becomemandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.【答案】 a9.(江西红色七校一联,70)splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.【答案】 A10.(河北唐山五校月考,64)As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack dull boy.〞【答案】 a。

名词和冠词【考情分析】(1)名词在高考中的考查重点：1．名词词义辨析2．名词的数3．名词作定语4. 名词所有格5. 抽象名词具体化6. 名词与冠词的结合【知识归纳】名词考点一名词辨析1.注意一词多义的名词.2.注意形似意异名词3. 注意近义和同义名词的用法。

考点二名词的数1．可数与不可数名词名词的可数与不可数是一个十分复杂而又非常重要的问题。

许多名词通常是不可数的，但在一定的情况下又可以变为可数名词。

(1)物质名词一般不可数，如：milk，gold，coffee，beer，但有些可用作可数名词，表示特殊意义，如：an ice-cream(一份冰淇淋)，a light rain(一阵小雨)。

(2) 抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可用作可数名词。

difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事experience 经验；an experience 一次经历failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 丰富的知识success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事如：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。

(3) 有些不可数名词后面加s时表示特殊意义time 时间times 次数；时代；倍数glass玻璃glasses 眼镜wood 木头woods 树林sand 沙子sands 沙滩paper 纸p apers 试卷；论文；报纸wish 愿望wishes 问候如：She wears a pair of glasses. 她戴着一副眼镜。

1.(2013届北京市朝阳区高三一模)Now ______ things are much more expensive. There has been ______ big rise in the cost of living.A. /；aB. the；aC. /；theD. the；the【解析】A句意：现在的东西都非常贵，生活花销提高了很多。

things是复数名词且表示泛指；第二空表示“一次较大的提高”也是泛指，故用不定冠词。

2.(2013届济南外国语学校高三第一次质量检测)Chatting online can be ______ fun, but kids must be sure they stay safe on ______ Web.A. /；aB. a；theC. /；theD. a；a【解析】C句意：网上聊天是一件高兴的事，但是孩子们必须确保安全上网。

fun是不可数名词，前面不需要加任何冠词；第二空是特指因特网，前面要加the。

3.(2013届贵州省五校高三上学期第四次联考)The singer and ______ dancer is said to perform in our school on ______ May Day.A. the；/B. a；/C. /；theD. /；/【解析】D句意：据说那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家劳动节会来我校演出。

注意，句中的be 动词为is，主语应为单数意义，故用The singer and dancer表示一个人。

May Day前不用冠词。

4.(2013届云南省部分名校高三第二次统一考试)It is reported that a bus went out of ______ control on a highway ______ south of the city last night.A. /；/B. /；theC. the；/D. the；the【解析】A句意：据报道，昨天晚上一辆公交车在城南的公路上失控。