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高考英语复习知识点：冠词和名词单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析，特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。
名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化，名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。
以下是店铺为大家编辑的英语学习方法文章，仅供考生参考，欢迎大家阅读!高考英语复习知识点：名词研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、及写作部分等。
一、对同义词、近义词的考查1、At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。
A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways【答案】D。
【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。
way 意为方式，方法，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。
approach 意为接近，靠近，方式，方法，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。
mean意为方式，方法，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。
method意为方式，方法，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。
【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。
要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。
二、对相似词的考查2、Always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】B。
第1讲名词和冠词(一) 名词[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律课提示：对应学生用书第8页语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。
解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词。
【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.3．(2016·四川卷)Any smell might attract natural enemies_ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.5．(2018·桂林市联考)To them，life is a _competition (compete)—they have to do better than their peers to be happy.6．(2018·济南期末检测)Julie is one of the women(woman) who always keep up with the latest fashions.7．(2018·漳州市八校联考) Chances (chance) are that you will receive three different answers.8．(2018·昆明第一中学适应性训练)Engelbart, the inventor of the computer mouse, developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer, obtaining a patent for it long before the mouse's(mouse) widespread use.[规律总结]1．提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。
名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：1．考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。
名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。
另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。
2．考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
3．考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。
这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。
如：shelter n．庇护，避难所→vt.保护，躲避，避难； storm n. 暴风雨，大动荡→vi.vt.横冲直撞，猛攻； shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部→vt.肩负，承担； trail n．小径，痕迹→vt.追踪。
一、名词的单复数1．可数名词复数的规则变化可数名词复数的构成，通常是在单数形式后面加－s或－es，其规则如下：boxes【特别提醒】因为汉语中没有名词的单复数形式变化，所以英语中名词的单复数也就成了易错点。
如以下两个典型错误：①你有词典吗？Do you have dictionary?②他悲伤地摇了摇头。
He shook head sadly.一般情况下，英语中的可数名词在句子中出现时，要么用复数形式，要么在其前面加冠词或限定词。
因此以上两句可以表达为：①Do you have a dictionary?②He shook his head sadly.单复数形式意义不同的名词：experience经验experiences经历manner方式manners礼貌custom风俗customs海关work工作works著作，工厂wood木材woods树林sand沙子sands沙滩paper纸张papers报纸，论文，试卷glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜2．可数名词复数的不规则变化有些名词的复数属于不规则变化，需要考生在平时的学习中逐一记忆：child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, phenomenon—phenomena, ox—oxen, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women等。
教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑二、知识讲解考点/易错点11.不定冠词a/an的用法(1)表示数量“一个；同一；每一；某一”，意思相当于one，the same，every或a certain。
Rome is not built in a day. (谚)罗马非一日建成。
The children are of an age.这些孩子们年龄一样大。
We have meals three times a day.我们每天吃三顿饭。
A Mr. Li is waiting for you. 一位李先生在等你。
(2)放在单数可数名词前，泛指一类人和物。
A horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
(3)用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一种”等。
What a heavy rain! 雨下得真大！(4)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前，或有形容词修饰的季节、日期或星期几前，表泛指。
I'm sure the outing will last long. Please bring a packed lunch.我敢肯定这次郊游时间比较长，请带上自备的午餐。
We had a hot summer last year.我们去年度过了一个酷暑。
(5)序数词前可加不定冠词，表示“另一个”或“又一个”。
Can you give me a second chance?你再给我一次机会好吗？(6)用在一些固定搭配中，如all of a sudden，at a loss，make a living，tell a lie等。
I was at a loss what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。
考点/易错点2 定冠词的用法(1)用于彼此都知道所指的人或物时，表示特指。
Do you know the man standing there? 你认得那边站着的那个人吗？(2)和形容词连用，代表一类人或事物。
高三英语语法知识：名词、代词和冠词【本讲主要内容】英语语法知识：名词、代词和冠词【知识总结归纳】1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词在句子中可以作主语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，定语，名数词连用可以做状语。
在使用名词时，要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词，以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。
如：a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
而：many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前，much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。
2. 冠词：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的意义。
冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。
a (an)是不定冠词，an用在元音发音开始的词语前。
如：an hour, an English book。
the 是定冠词。
1〕不定冠词：不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。
关于它的用法，用四个字概括，“每、一、类、某〞。
①表示“每日〞、“每周〞……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。
All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。
It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个〞，但仍译为“一个〞、“有个〞。
One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2〕定冠词的用法：①特指某人或某物，指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。
Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。
专题七《七选五记叙类》（90分钟 100分）考点01：冠词 3颗星考点02：代词 3颗星考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星考点04: 名词 3颗星考点05：主谓一致 5颗星考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星考点10：定语从句 3颗星考点11 名词性从句 3颗星考点12 并列连词 4颗星考点13 状语从句 3颗星考点23：七选五记叙文 5颗星一、七选五1. I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(收银台) in her general store. ①__________I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”At first I was paid in candy. ②__________I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. ③__________By the time I was 12, my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆) ideas. ④__________The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need tobe a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. ⑤__________Expect they are nolonger women buying cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys theywould like to see designed and developed.ter I received 50 cents an hour.B.Before long, she let me sit there by myself.C.I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.D.Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.E.My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.F.Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.G.Watching my money grow was more rewarding/worthy than anything I could have bought.2.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
第七讲名词和冠词1．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister ...2．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work ...3．(2016·高考全国甲卷短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.4．(2016·高考全国丙卷短文改错)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.5．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，other is with mum—she never suspects.6．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside forwhile，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.7．(2016·高考全国乙卷短文改错)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.8．(2016·高考全国甲卷短文改错)But in that case，we will learn little about world.9．(2016·高考全国丙卷短文改错)At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.10．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting)．11．(2014·高考辽宁卷语法填空)Unbelievable！Oh...，if you don't mind，I'll stop and take adeep ．12．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.13．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.14．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.15．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.答案：1.days 2.studies 3.knowledges→knowledge4．year→years 5.the 6.a7.the→a8.about后加the9．the去掉10.paintings11.breath12.airs→air13．parent→parents14.第一个hour→hours15.the1．单数可数名词前通常会填冠词(a，an，the)、名词的所有格(Tom's)、形容词性物主代词(my，your，his)、不定代词(any，another，some)等。
2．空格在冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格后，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。
3．在名词前作定语的可能是形容词或分词，在名词后作定语的可能是分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语，还可能是定语从句。
4．若有定语从句、形容词短语、分词短语或介词短语等修饰，应当用所给词的名词形式。
5．作主语或作宾语(在及物动词或介词后)时，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。
6．在确定用名词形式后，还要考虑该名词是用单数还是复数，是否要用所有格。
7．牢记雷打不动的不可数名词如advice；news；information；progress；fun；weather，music；health；luck等，在使用这些词时，不管前面有多少修饰语，其前面一定不要用不定冠词a或an。
8．零冠词常用的四种情况在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前；一日三餐、球类棋类等运动的名称前；与by连用表示交通通讯方式的名词前；名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，any等词作定语。
9．定冠词常用五种情况前文已经提到过的人或物；在形容词和副词的最高级的前面；用于世界上独一无二的东西之前；用在序数词的前面表顺序；在表示乐器名称的名词之前。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．—We've been destroying lots of forests every year.—What a shame！We'll be the (victim)of our own foolish behavior.2．—How can I take the medicine，sir?—Just follow the (direct)on the bottle.3．If a young man wants to become a singer，he should take some special (course)in this area because they will help him improve singing abilities.4．(2016·陕西西安一中模拟)As far as I know，two car (thief)have been caught in our community.5．The dream of going to the first-class universities attracts us greatly and we have made up ourto achieve it.6．Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On theother ，it could just put you in debt.7．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond (recognize)．8．It is not what you are thinking about but how you can put it into that counts.9．—Eight children were killed in the accident yesterday.—Yes，the news came as shock to me.10．—What about teaching in a primary school？I think you are a born teacher.—With pleasure.And I think it pleasure to do my bit for children.11．It is out of the question that you can get rise if you don't work hard.12．(2016·山东青岛模拟) real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.13．—Have you listened to weather forecast，Linda?—Yes.It says that there will be a heavy rain this weekend.14．He told me the news that he got a new job in excited whisper.15．To us all in China，experience of taking the College Entrance Examination seems an important way to judge whether one's life is a complete one.16．It is great pleasure for me to give a speech on the nature of human beings.17．—Well，that is one of most expensive hotels in town，I'm afraid.—Do you mean we'd better choose cheaper one?18．I was going to pay a visit to Li Ping when Mr Green called me up，who I didn't know at all.19．The education of young is always a hot and serious topic in modern society.20．In order to find a better job，he decided to study second foreign language.答案：1.victims 2.directions 3.courses 4.thieves5．minds 6.hand7.recognition8.practice9.a10.a11.a12.A13.the14.an15.the16.a 17.the；a18.a19.the20.aⅡ.单句改错1．Here is a very person we are looking for，one with a good knowledge of German.2．She was born in 1974 and has played piano since the age of six.3．If you go to the party，it is polite to arrive on time.It is good manners to shake hand with your host.4．Finally we climbed Mount Hua.It is very high and steep.We had to be careful in case we might fall off the cliff.It took us six hour to get to the summit.5．(2016·福建莆田质检)There are a variety of after-class activity in our school，which benefit us a lot.6．Her husband was great comfort to her when she was ill.7．It is great honour for me to take part in the volunteer work，and I learn the significance of helping others.8．You should follow the doctor's advices and give up smoking.9．After about half a hour，the rain stopped and I went home.10．What happened just now shows a knowledge of first aid can make real difference in an emergency.答案：1.第一个a→the 2.played后加the 3.hand→hands4．hour→hours 5.activity→activities 6.第一个was后加a7．is后加a8.advices→advice9.a→an10.make后加aⅢ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
