编译原理 算符优先分析法 ppt课件
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目录1.课程设计的目的与原理 (1)1.1设计目的 (1)1.2设计原理 (1)2.课程设计环境 (1)3.课程设计内容 (2)3.1算符优先分析流程图 (2)3.2算符优先总流程图 (3)3.3算符优先文法 (4)3.4 程序调试 (5)4.总结 (6)附录 (6)算符优先分析方法1.课程设计目的与原理1.1设计目的1.了解利用算符优先算法进行移进规约分析的方法。
2. 锻炼和提高自己的编程能力。
3. 熟悉编译原理语法分析的方法,加深对算符优先基本方法的了解。
4. 进一步理解编译原理,更好的的学习它的思路,掌握编译原理的理论基础。
5. 了解算符优先分析和规范规约的不同以及优缺点。
1.2设计原理算符优先分析方法是根据算符之间的优先关系而设计的一种自底向上的语法分析方法。
算符优先分析的基本思想是只规定算符之间的优先关系,也就是只考虑终结符之间的优先关系。
由于算符优先分析不考虑非终结符之间的优先关系,在归约过程中只要找到可归约串就归约,并不考虑归约到哪个非终结符,因而算符优先归约不是规范归约。
2.课程设计环境1.硬件运行环境:Windows XP2.软件运行环境:VC++ 6.0版本3.课程设计内容3.1算符优先分析流程图流程图说明:k:表示的是符号栈S的使用深度S:用来存放终结符和非终结符的符号栈Vt:存放该文法中的所有终结符3.2算符优先总流程图3.3算符优先文法例已知表达式文法为:E->E+TE->TT->T*FT->FF->(E)F->i⑴计算FIRSTVE和LASTVT集合FirstVT(E)={+,*,(,i} LastVT(E)={+,*,),i} FirstVT(T)={*,(,i} LastVT(T)={*,),i} FirstVT(F)={(,i} LastVT(F)={),i} FirstVT(Q)={#} LastVT(Q)={#}见附录3.4程序调试例:1、输入产生式的个数:2、输入文法:3、判断文法4、生成非终结符的FIRSTVT集和LASTVT集:5、生成算符优先分析表:5、输入字符串进行分析:输出结果与自己做的结果一模一样,说明设计成功。
编译原理之算符优先分析1.算符优先分析:1.1定义是⼀种简单直观、⼴泛使⽤、便于⼿⼯实现的⾃下⽽上的语法分析⽅法。
1.2原理定义算符之间的某种优先关系,寻找“归约串”,并进⾏归约1.3相关知识拓展1.3.1 算符⽂法:产⽣式的右部不包含两个相继的⾮终结符,即不包含形如:.....QR.....1.3.2 算符优先⽂法:任何终结符对(a,b)⾄多⼀种优先级关系。
1.3.3 构造优先关系表步骤:(1)写出FIRSTVT、LASTVTFIRSTVT(P)={a|P->a.....或P->Qa......}LASTVT(P)={a|P->.....a或P->......aQ} (2)列表,根据优先级填表 1.确定同⼀产⽣式的末尾终结符之间⽆优先关系 2.确定=,再使⽤FIRSTVT、LASTVT1.4 算符优先分析算法 素短语:⾄少包含⼀个终结符且不包含更⼩的终结符,如p*p或 i 最左素短语:最左侧的素短语 缺点:跳过了所有单⾮产⽣式所对应的归约步骤。
(单⾮产⽣式:形如:P->Q ,右部只有⼀个⾮终结符的产⽣式)1.5 构造优先函数使⽤构造优先函数代替优先表f:表⼊栈优先函数、g:表⽐较优先函数1.6 举例S→a|Λ|(T) T->T,S|S(1)基本了解:FIRSTVT(P)={a|P->a.... or Qa....}; LASTVT(P)={a|P->...a or P->....aQ}所以对于:S→a|Λ|(T) 则FIRSTVT(S)={a,Λ,(}对于:S→a|Λ|(T) 则LASTVT(S)={a,Λ,)}对于:T->T,S|S 则FIRSTVT(T)={, ,a,Λ,(}对于:T->T,S|S 则LASTVT(T)={, ,a,Λ,)}(2)优先关系aΛ(),a>>Λ>>(<<<=<)>>,<<<>>,<<<>>由于G[S]中任何终结符对(a,b)之多只有⼀种关系成⽴,所以,G[S]为算符优先⽂法。
编译原理实验3 算符优先分析一、实验目的通过设计编制调试构造FIRSTVT集、LASTVT集和构造算符优先表、对给定符号串进行分析的程序,了解构造算符优先分析表的步骤,对文法的要求,生成算符优先关系表的算法,对给定的符号串进行分析的方法。
二、实验内容1. 给定一文法G,输出G的每个非终结符的FIRSTVT集和LASTVT集。
2. 构造算符优先表。
3. 对给定的符号串进行分析,包含符号栈,符号栈栈顶符号和输入串当前符号的优先级,最左素短语和使用的产生式和采取的动作。
三、程序思路在文法框内输入待判断文法产生式,格式E->a|S,注意左部和右部之间是“->”,每个产生式一行,ENTER键换行。
文法结束再输入一行G->#E#1. 先做文法判断,即可判断文法情况。
2. 若是算符优先文法,则在优先表栏显示优先表。
3. 写入要分析的句子,按回车即可。
4. 在分析过程栏,可以看到整个归约过程情况四、实验结果FunctorFirst.h#include<afx.h>#include<iostream>#include<fstream>#include<string>using namespace std;#define rightlength 20#define product_num 20 // 产生式最多个数#define num_noterminal 26 // 非终结符最多个数#define num_terminal 26 // 终结符最多个数struct Production{char Left;char Right[rightlength];int num;};struct VT{bool vt[num_noterminal][num_terminal];};struct Stack{char P;char a;};class CMyDlg{public:CMyDlg();void InputRule();CString showLastVT();CString showFirstVT();CString shownoTerminal(char G[]);CString showTerminal(char g[]);CString showLeftS(char S[], int j, int k);void InitAll();CString showSentence(CString sen, int start);CString showStack(char S[], int n);void Initarry(char arry[], int n);CString ProdtoCStr(Production prod);int selectProd(int i, int j, char S[]);void preFunctor(CString sen);void insertFirstVT(Stack S[], int &sp, char P, char a);void insertLastVT(Stack S[], int &sp, char P, char a);void ShowPreTable();void createPreTable();char pretable[num_terminal][num_terminal];bool like_Q(Production prod, char Q);void createLastVT();bool likeQ_(Production prod, char Q);bool likeQa_(Production prod);bool like_aQ(Production prod);bool like_a(Production prod);bool likea_(Production prod);bool Dignose(char c);int findg(char c);int findG(char c);void createFirstVT();void createTerminal();void createnoTerminal();void buildProduction(CString s);bool test(CString s);void parse(); // 语法分析CString gram; // 存放文法;Production production[product_num];VT FirstVT;VT LastVT;int locProduct; // 已有产生式个数char G[num_noterminal];char g[num_terminal];int i_G;int i_g;CString m_sen;};FunctorFirst.cpp#include"FunctorFirst.h"CMyDlg::CMyDlg(){}bool CMyDlg::test(CString s) // 测试是否是算符优先文法{bool t = 1;for (int i = 0;i < s.GetLength() - 1;i++)if (s[i] > 64 && s[i] < 91 && s[i + 1]>64 && s[i + 1] < 91){t = 0;break;}return t;}void CMyDlg::InputRule(){string infile;string line;cout <<" 请输入语法文件的路径:";cin >> infile;cout << endl;ifstream input(infile.c_str());if (!input){cout << endl <<"###打不开文件,请确认输入的路径有效###"<< endl;cout <<"请再次运行本程序"<< endl << endl;exit(0);}while (getline(input, line)){if (test(line.c_str()) == 0){cout << endl <<"这不是算符优先文法!"<< endl;exit(0);}buildProduction(line.c_str());}cout << endl <<"这是算符优先文法!"<< endl;input.close();}void CMyDlg::buildProduction(CString s){int i = 0;int j = 0;int k = 0;for (k = 0;k < s.GetLength();k++) // 得到左部{if (s[k] != ' '){production[locProduct].Left = s[k];break;}}for (i = k + 1;i < s.GetLength();i++){if (s[i - 1] == '-'&&s[i] == '>')break;}int temp = i;for (i = temp + 1;i < s.GetLength();i++){if (s[i] != '|'){if (s[i] != ' '){production[locProduct].Right[j] = s[i];j++;production[locProduct].num = j;}}else{locProduct++;production[locProduct].Left = production[locProduct - 1].Left;j = 0;}}locProduct++;}void CMyDlg::createnoTerminal() // 建立非终结符索引{i_G = 0; // 最后一个位置的下一个下标int j = 0;for (int i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){for (j = 0;j < i_G;){if (production[i].Left != G[j])j++;elsebreak;}if (j > i_G - 1){G[i_G] = production[i].Left;i_G++;}}}void CMyDlg::createTerminal() // 建立终结符索引{i_g = 0; // 最后一个位置的下一个下标int j = 0;for (int i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){for (int k = 0;k < production[i].num;k++){char temp = production[i].Right[k];if (Dignose(temp)){for (j = 0;j < i_g;){if (temp != g[j])j++;elsebreak;}if (j > i_g - 1){g[i_g] = temp;i_g++;}}}}}void CMyDlg::createFirstVT() // production已完成,创建FirstVT{int i, j;Stack S[100];int sp = 0;for (i = 0;i < i_G;i++) // 初始化FirstVTfor (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)FirstVT.vt[i][j] = false;for (i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){if (likea_(production[i]))insertFirstVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, production[i].Right[0]);if (likeQa_(production[i]))insertFirstVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, production[i].Right[1]);}while (sp > 0){sp--;char Q = S[sp].P;char a = S[sp].a;for (i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){if (likeQ_(production[i], Q))insertFirstVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, a);}}}void CMyDlg::createLastVT() // 创建Last集{int i, j;Stack S[100];int sp = 0;for (i = 0;i < i_G;i++) // 初始化FirstVT for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)LastVT.vt[i][j] = false;for (i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){if (like_a(production[i]))insertLastVT(S, sp, production[i].Left,production[i].Right[production[i].num - 1]);if (like_aQ(production[i]))insertLastVT(S, sp, production[i].Left,production[i].Right[production[i].num - 2]);}while (sp > 0){sp--;char Q = S[sp].P;char a = S[sp].a;for (i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){if (like_Q(production[i], Q))insertLastVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, a);}}}int CMyDlg::findG(char c) // 定位c在G中的下标{int i = 0;for (i = 0;i < i_G;i++)if (c == G[i])break;return i;}int CMyDlg::findg(char c) // 定位c在g中的下标{int i = 0;for (i = 0;i < i_g;i++)if (c == g[i])break;return i;}bool CMyDlg::Dignose(char c) // 判断c 是终结符还是非终结符,终结符true,非终结符 false{if (c > 64 && c < 91)return false;elsereturn true;}bool CMyDlg::likea_(Production prod){if (Dignose(prod.Right[0]))return true;elsereturn false;}bool CMyDlg::like_a(Production prod) // 形如P->…a型产生式{if (Dignose(prod.Right[prod.num - 1]))return true;else}bool CMyDlg::like_aQ(Production prod) // 形如P->…aQ型产生式{if (prod.num < 1)return false;else{if (Dignose(prod.Right[prod.num - 2]) && (!Dignose(prod.Right[prod.num - 1])))return true;elsereturn false;}}bool CMyDlg::likeQa_(Production prod){if (prod.num < 1)return false;else{if (Dignose(prod.Right[1]) && (!Dignose(prod.Right[0])))return true;elsereturn false;}}bool CMyDlg::likeQ_(Production prod, char Q){if (prod.Right[0] == Q)return true;elsereturn false;}bool CMyDlg::like_Q(Production prod, char Q){if (prod.Right[prod.num - 1] == Q)return true;else}void CMyDlg::createPreTable() // 创建优先表{// 初始化优先表pretableint i, j;for (i = 0;i < i_g;i++)for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)pretable[i][j] = ' '; // 表错误for (j = 0;j < locProduct;j++){for (i = 0;i < production[j].num - 1;i++){char xi, xi1, xi2;xi = production[j].Right[i];xi1 = production[j].Right[i + 1];xi2 = production[j].Right[i + 2];if (Dignose(xi) && Dignose(xi1))pretable[findg(xi)][findg(xi1)] = '=';if (i < production[j].num - 2 && Dignose(xi) && Dignose(xi2) && (!Dignose(xi1)))pretable[findg(xi)][findg(xi2)] = '=';if (Dignose(xi) && (!Dignose(xi1))){int N = findG(xi1);for (int k = 0;k < i_g;k++)if (FirstVT.vt[N][k] == true)pretable[findg(xi)][k] = '<';}if ((!Dignose(xi)) && Dignose(xi1)){int N = findG(xi);for (int k = 0;k < i_g;k++)if (LastVT.vt[N][k] == true)pretable[k][findg(xi1)] = '>';}}}}void CMyDlg::ShowPreTable() // 显示相关集合和优先表{CString str = "";str = str +"终结符"+ showTerminal(g) +"\r\n";str = str +"非终结符"+ shownoTerminal(G) +"\r\n";str = str +"First集合:\r\n"+ showFirstVT();str = str +"Lasst集合:\r\n"+ showLastVT();str = str +" | ";int i, j;for (i = 0;i < i_g;i++)str = str + g[i] +" | ";str = str +"\r\n";for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)str = str +"…………";str +="\r\n";for (i = 0;i < i_g;i++){str = str + g[i] +" | ";for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)str = str + pretable[i][j] +" | ";str +="\r\n";for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)str = str +"…………";str +="\r\n";}cout << str.GetBuffer(1000);}void CMyDlg::insertFirstVT(Stack S[], int &sp, char P, char a) {if (FirstVT.vt[findG(P)][findg(a)] == false){FirstVT.vt[findG(P)][findg(a)] = true;S[sp].P = P;S[sp].a = a;sp++;}}void CMyDlg::insertLastVT(Stack S[], int &sp, char P, char a){if (LastVT.vt[findG(P)][findg(a)] == false){LastVT.vt[findG(P)][findg(a)] = true;S[sp].P = P;S[sp].a = a;sp++;}}void CMyDlg::preFunctor(CString sen) // 算符优先分析过程实现{bool tagbreak = true;char S[100];int k = 0;S[k] = '#';int i = 0; // 表下次读入位置int j = 0;//char a;CString show = "";CString temp = "";temp.Format("%-15s %s %15s %-15s%-10s%-15s\r\n\r\n", "符号栈", "关系", "输入串", "最左素短语", "使用产生式", "下步动作");show = show + temp;temp ="";CString s_stack, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action;char s_presymbol;do{a = sen[i];if (Dignose(S[k]))j = k;elsej = k - 1;while (pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)] == '>'){s_stack = showStack(S, k);s_presymbol = pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)];s_sentence = showSentence(sen, i);char Q;do{Q = S[j];if (Dignose(S[j - 1]))j = j - 1;elsej = j - 2;} while (pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(Q)] == '>' ||pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(Q)] == '=');int n = selectProd(j + 1, k, S);if (n > -1 && n < locProduct){s_lefts = showLeftS(S, j + 1, k);k = j + 1;S[k] = production[n].Left;s_prod = ProdtoCStr(production[n]);s_action ="归约";temp.Format("%-15s %c %15s %-15s %-10s %-15s\r\n", s_stack, s_presymbol, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action);show = show + temp;s_stack ="";s_sentence ="";s_lefts ="";s_prod ="";s_action ="";s_presymbol = ' ';}else{s_stack = showStack(S, k);s_presymbol = 'n';s_prod ="出错";s_sentence = showSentence(sen, i);s_action ="无法归约";temp.Format("%-15s %c %15s %-15s %-10s %-15s\r\n",s_stack, s_presymbol, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action);show = show + temp;s_stack ="";s_sentence ="";s_lefts ="";s_prod ="";s_action ="";s_presymbol = ' ';tagbreak = false;break;}}if (!tagbreak)break;if (pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)] == '<' ||pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)] == '='){s_stack = showStack(S, k);s_presymbol = pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)];s_sentence = showSentence(sen, i);s_action ="入栈";temp.Format("%-15s %c %15s %-15s %-10s %-15s\r\n", s_stack, s_presymbol, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action);show = show + temp;k = k + 1;S[k] = a;s_stack ="";s_sentence ="";s_lefts ="";s_prod ="";s_action ="";s_presymbol = ' ';}else{s_stack = showStack(S, k);s_presymbol = 'n';s_prod ="出错";s_sentence = showSentence(sen, i);s_action ="出错";temp.Format("%-15s %c %15s %-15s %-10s %-15s\r\n", s_stack, s_presymbol, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action);show = show + temp;s_stack ="";s_sentence ="";s_lefts ="";s_prod ="";s_action ="";s_presymbol = ' ';break;}i++;} while (a != '#');show = show +"完成";cout << show.GetBuffer(1000) << endl << endl;}void CMyDlg::parse(){string sen;cout << endl << endl <<" 请输入分析的句子:";cin >> sen;cout << endl << endl;m_sen = sen.c_str();}int CMyDlg::selectProd(int i, int j, char S[]) // 查找产生式{int n = -1;int k = 0;for (k = 0;k < locProduct;k++){if (j - i == production[k].num - 1){int si = i;for (int m = 0;m < production[k].num;m++){if (S[si] == production[k].Right[m] || ((!Dignose(S[si])) &&(!Dignose(production[k].Right[m]))))si++;elsebreak;}if (si == j + 1){n = k;break;}}}return n;}CString CMyDlg::ProdtoCStr(Production prod){CString str = "";str = str +prod.Left +"->";for (int i = 0;i < prod.num;i++)str = str +prod.Right[i];return str;}void CMyDlg::Initarry(char arry[], int n)//初始化数组{for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)arry[i] = ' ';}CString CMyDlg::showStack(char S[], int n)//显示符号栈,n表栈大小{CString str = "";for (int i = 0;i <= n;i++)str = str +S[i];return str;}CString CMyDlg::showSentence(CString sen, int start){CString str = "";for (int i = start;i < sen.GetLength();i++)str = str +sen[i];return str;}void CMyDlg::InitAll(){gram ="";i_G = 0;i_g = 0;locProduct = 0;}// 以下是为了便于显示,将数组型转换成CString型CString CMyDlg::showLeftS(char S[], int j, int k) {CString str = "";for (int i = j;i <= k;i++)str = str +S[i];return str;}CString CMyDlg::showTerminal(char g[]){CString str = "{";for (int i = 0;i < i_g;i++)str = str +g[i] +" ";return str +"}";}CString CMyDlg::shownoTerminal(char G[]){CString str = "{";for (int i = 0;i < i_G;i++)str = str +G[i] +" ";return str +"}";}CString CMyDlg::showFirstVT(){CString str = "";for (int i = 0;i < i_G;i++){str = str +"FirstVT( "+ G[i] +" )={ ";for (int j = 0;j < i_g;j++){if (FirstVT.vt[i][j])str = str + g[j] +' ';}str = str +" }\r\n";}return str;}CString CMyDlg::showLastVT(){CString str = "";for (int i = 0;i < i_G;i++){str = str +"LastVT( "+ G[i] +" )={ ";for (int j = 0;j < i_g;j++){if (LastVT.vt[i][j])str = str + g[j] +' ';}str = str +" }\r\n";}return str;}FFmain.cpp#include"FunctorFirst.h"void main(){CMyDlg ff;ff.gram ="";ff.locProduct = 0; // 已有产生式个数ff.InputRule();ff.createnoTerminal(); // 建立非终结符索引ff.createTerminal(); // 建立终结符索引ff.createFirstVT(); // 建立FirstVTff.createLastVT(); // 建立LastVTff.createPreTable(); // 建立优先表ff.ShowPreTable();ff.parse();if (ff.m_sen[ff.m_sen.GetLength() - 1] != '#') ff.m_sen = ff.m_sen +'#';ff.preFunctor(ff.m_sen);}。
一、实验目的与任务算术表达式和赋值语句的文法可以是(你可以根据需要适当改变):S→i=EE→E+E|E-E|E*E|E/E|(E)|i根据算符优先分析法,将赋值语句进行语法分析,翻译成等价的一组基本操作,每一基本操作用四元式表示。
二、实验涉及的相关知识点算符的优先顺序。
三、实验内容与过程如参考C语言的运算符。
输入如下表达式(以分号为结束):(1)a = 10;(2)b = a + 20;注:此例可以进行优化后输出(不作要求):(+,b,a,20)(3)c=(1+2)/3+4-(5+6/7);四、实验结果及分析(1)输出:(=, a,10,-)(2)输出:(=,r1,20,-)(+,r2,a,r1)(=,b,r2,-)(3)输出:(+,r1,1,2) (/,r2,r1,3) (/,r3,6,7) (+,r4,5,r3,) (+,r5,r2,4) (-,r6,r5,r4) (=,c,r6,-)五、实验有关附件(如程序、附图、参考资料,等)//程序功能://根据算符优先分析法,将表达式进行语法分析,判断一个表达式是否正确。
//文法:E→E+E|E-E|E*E|E/E|(E)|i// 其中i为无符号整数////例://输入:10;//输出:正确//输入:1+2;//输出:正确//输入:(1+2)/3+4-(5+6/7);//输出:正确//输入:((1-2)/3+4;//输出:错误////输入测试数据保存在同目录的文本文件testin.txt中,保存格式:// 表达式行;// 表达式行;// .....//预期的输出保存在同目录的文本文件testout.txt中,保存格式:// 表达式行;// 正确/错误// 表达式行;// 正确/错误// ...../////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////#include "stdio.h"#include "stdlib.h"#define TRUE 1#define FALSE 0//文件信息:#define TESTIN_FILENAME "testin.txt"#define TESTOUT_FILENAME "testout.txt"FILE * fTestIn;FILE * fTestOut; //打开文件后的柄//运算符定义:#define O_NUMBER 8 //运算符个数,+-*/()i# #define O_PLUS 0 // 加+#define O_MINUS 1 // 减-#define O_TIMES 2 // 乘*#define O_SLASH 3 // 除/#define O_L_PAREN 4 //左括号(parenthesis)#define O_R_PAREN 5 //右括号#define O_IDENT 6 //标识符#define O_NUL 7 //语法界符#//表达式缓冲区:由专门函数操作(ReadFormula(),GetChar())#define BUFFER_SIZE 1000 //表达式缓冲区大小char Buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; //表达式缓冲区,以'\0'表示结束int ipBuffer = 0; //表达式缓冲区当前位置序号//算符优先关系表:char O_Table[O_NUMBER][O_NUMBER] = {{'>','>','<','<','<','>','<','>'},{'>','>','<','<','<','>','<','>'},{'>','>','>','>','<','>','<','>'},{'>','>','>','>','<','>','<','>'},{'<','<','<','<','<','=','<','-'},{'>','>','>','>','-','>','-','>'},{'>','>','>','>','-','>','-','>'},{'<','<','<','<','<','-','<','='}}; //优先关系表:八个字符分别是+-*/()i#,其中'-'表示出错//文法:#define OG_NUMBER 6 //文法个数char OG[OG_NUMBER][4] = {"E+E","E-E","E*E","E/E","(E)","i"}; //文法右部//单词序列存放格式定义:#define TOKEN_MAX_LENTH 100 //最大的单词长度+1typedef struct{char ch; //存放字符:+-*/()i#Eint No; //存放算符优先关系表中的序号//double Value; //当ch==i时,且为数值时,存放值的大小} SToken;#define MAX_TOKEN_NUMBER 1000 //在一个表达式中允许最大的单词个数SToken Token[MAX_TOKEN_NUMBER]; //单词序列,最后一个以“#”结束int TokenNumber = 0; //单词序列中包含的单词个数int ipToken = 0; //进行“移进-规约”时的位置指示//堆栈:由专门的函数操作(PopUp(),Push(),…)#define STACK_MAX_SIZE 1000 //堆栈最大存储量SToken Stack[STACK_MAX_SIZE]; //堆栈int ipStack = 0; //堆栈指针,指向栈顶(下一个空位置)//词法分析专用全局变量:char ch; //存放取得的一个字符//char AToken[TOKEN_MAX_LENTH]; //存放组成的单词,存放时以\0为结束//int ipAToken; //用于读字符时,指向下一个AToken[]的位置,便于组成单词//错误信息:char * ErrMsg; //出错信息//函数声明:bool Judge(); //利用算符优先关系表判断单词序列是否正确int GuiYue(); //规约,并判断是否完成bool IsOK(); //判断规约是否全部完成bool GuiYueN(int n); //将堆栈中0~n单词规约int FindPriorOp(int Begin); //在堆栈中,从Begin开始,查找前一个终结符位置int MoveIn(); //移进,并判断是否需要规约void JudgeInit(); //(利用算符优先关系表判断单词序列是否正确)判断前的初始化SToken Peek(int n); //窥视堆栈bool PopUp(int n); //弹出堆栈void PushToken(char ch, int O_No); //压栈(以字符形式)void Push(SToken Token); //压栈bool Init(); //全局初始化void End(); //程序退出前作善后处理void OutPut(char * Formula, char * Result); //将结果输出到文件bool ReadFormula(); //从文件中读出一个表达式存于表达式缓冲区Buffer[]中,以'\0'结束,并置ipBuffer=0;bool ChangeToTokens(); //将表达式分割成单词序列char GetFirstChar(); //从表达式缓冲区中取到下面第一个非空字符char GetChar(); //从表达式缓冲区取一个字符,返回该字符的同时将它存于全局变量ch中bool MakeErr(char * ErrMassage); //生成错误信息,错误信息存于全局变量ErrMsg 中///////////////////////////////////////void main(){if(! Init()) //初始化{printf("初始化失败!程序不能继续。
编译原理第六章算符优先分析法第6章自底向上优先分析第六章算符优先分析法课前索引【课前思考】◇ 什么是自下而上语法分析的策略?◇ 什么是移进-归约分析?◇ 移进-归约过程和自顶向下最右推导有何关系?◇ 自下而上语法分析成功的标志是什么?◇ 什么是可归约串?◇ 移进-归约过程的关键问题是什么?◇ 如何确定可归约串?◇ 如何决定什么时候移进,什么时候归约?◇ 什么是算符文法?什么是算符优先文法?◇ 算符优先分析是如何识别可归约串的?◇ 算符优先分析法的优缺点和局限性有哪些?【学习目标】算符优先分析法是自下而上(自底向上)语法分析的一种,尤其适应于表达式的语法分析,由于它的算法简单直观易于理解,因此,也是学习其它自下而上语法分析的基础。
通过本章学习学员应掌握:◇ 对给定的文法能够判断该文法是否是算符文法◇ 对给定的算符文法能够判断该文法是否是算符优先文法◇ 对给定的算符文法能构造算符优先关系表,并能利用算符优先关系表判断该文法是否是算符优先文法。
◇ 能应用算符优先分析算法对给定的输入串进行移进-归约分析,在分析的每一步能确定当前应移进还是归约,并能判断所给的输入串是否是该文法的句子。
◇ 了解算符优先分析法的优缺点和实际应用中的局限性。
【学习指南】算符优先分析法是自下而上语法分析的一种,它的算法简单、直观、易于理解,所以通常作为学习其它自下而上语法分析的基础。
为学好本章内容,学员应复习有关语法分析的知识,如:什么是语言、文法、句子、句型、短语、简单短语、句柄、最右推导、规范归约基本概念。
【难重点】◇ 通过本章学习后,学员应该能知道算符文法的形式。
◇ 对一个给定的算符文法能构造算符优先关系分析表,并能判别所给文法是否为算符优先文法。
◇ 分清规范句型的句柄和最左素短语的区别,进而分清算符优先归约和规范归约的区别。
◇ 算符优先分析的可归约串是句型的最左素短语,在分析过程中如何寻找可归约串是算符优先分析的关键问题。
编译原理实验3 算符优先分析一、实验目的通过设计编制调试构造FIRSTVT集、LASTVT集和构造算符优先表、对给定符号串进行分析的程序,了解构造算符优先分析表的步骤,对文法的要求,生成算符优先关系表的算法,对给定的符号串进行分析的方法。
二、实验内容1. 给定一文法G,输出G的每个非终结符的FIRSTVT集和LASTVT集。
2. 构造算符优先表。
3. 对给定的符号串进行分析,包含符号栈,符号栈栈顶符号和输入串当前符号的优先级,最左素短语和使用的产生式和采取的动作。
三、程序思路在文法框内输入待判断文法产生式,格式E->a|S,注意左部和右部之间是“->”,每个产生式一行,ENTER键换行。
文法结束再输入一行G->#E#1. 先做文法判断,即可判断文法情况。
2. 若是算符优先文法,则在优先表栏显示优先表。
3. 写入要分析的句子,按回车即可。
4. 在分析过程栏,可以看到整个归约过程情况四、实验结果FunctorFirst.h#include<afx.h>#include<iostream>#include<fstream>#include<string>using namespace std;#define rightlength 20#define product_num 20 // 产生式最多个数#define num_noterminal 26 // 非终结符最多个数#define num_terminal 26 // 终结符最多个数struct Production{char Left;char Right[rightlength];int num;};struct VT{bool vt[num_noterminal][num_terminal];};struct Stack{char P;char a;};class CMyDlg{public:CMyDlg();void InputRule();CString showLastVT();CString showFirstVT();CString shownoTerminal(char G[]);CString showTerminal(char g[]);CString showLeftS(char S[], int j, int k);void InitAll();CString showSentence(CString sen, int start);CString showStack(char S[], int n);void Initarry(char arry[], int n);CString ProdtoCStr(Production prod);int selectProd(int i, int j, char S[]);void preFunctor(CString sen);void insertFirstVT(Stack S[], int &sp, char P, char a);void insertLastVT(Stack S[], int &sp, char P, char a); void ShowPreTable();void createPreTable();char pretable[num_terminal][num_terminal];bool like_Q(Production prod, char Q);void createLastVT();bool likeQ_(Production prod, char Q);bool likeQa_(Production prod);bool like_aQ(Production prod);bool like_a(Production prod);bool likea_(Production prod);bool Dignose(char c);int findg(char c);int findG(char c);void createFirstVT();void createTerminal();void createnoTerminal();void buildProduction(CString s);bool test(CString s);void parse(); // 语法分析CString gram; // 存放文法;Production production[product_num];VT FirstVT;VT LastVT;int locProduct; // 已有产生式个数char G[num_noterminal];char g[num_terminal];int i_G;int i_g;CString m_sen;};FunctorFirst.cpp#include"FunctorFirst.h"CMyDlg::CMyDlg(){}bool CMyDlg::test(CString s) // 测试是否是算符优先文法{bool t = 1;for (int i = 0;i < s.GetLength() - 1;i++)if (s[i] > 64 && s[i] < 91 && s[i + 1]>64 && s[i + 1] < 91){t = 0;break;}return t;}void CMyDlg::InputRule(){string infile;string line;cout <<" 请输入语法文件的路径:";cin >> infile;cout << endl;ifstream input(infile.c_str());if (!input){cout << endl <<"###打不开文件,请确认输入的路径有效###"<< endl;cout <<"!!!请再次运行本程序!!!"<< endl << endl;}while (getline(input, line)){if (test(line.c_str()) == 0){cout << endl <<"这不是算符优先文法!"<< endl;exit(0);}buildProduction(line.c_str());}cout << endl <<"这是算符优先文法!"<< endl;input.close();}void CMyDlg::buildProduction(CString s){int j = 0;int k = 0;for (k = 0;k < s.GetLength();k++) // 得到左部{if (s[k] != ' '){production[locProduct].Left = s[k];break;}}for (i = k + 1;i < s.GetLength();i++){if (s[i - 1] == '-'&&s[i] == '>')break;}int temp = i;for (i = temp + 1;i < s.GetLength();i++){if (s[i] != '|'){if (s[i] != ' '){production[locProduct].Right[j] = s[i];j++;production[locProduct].num = j;}}else{locProduct++;production[locProduct].Left = production[locProduct - 1].Left;j = 0;}}locProduct++;}void CMyDlg::createnoTerminal() // 建立非终结符索引{i_G = 0; // 最后一个位置的下一个下标int j = 0;for (int i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){for (j = 0;j < i_G;){if (production[i].Left != G[j])j++;elsebreak;}if (j > i_G - 1){G[i_G] = production[i].Left;i_G++;}}}void CMyDlg::createTerminal() // 建立终结符索引{i_g = 0; // 最后一个位置的下一个下标int j = 0;for (int i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){for (int k = 0;k < production[i].num;k++){char temp = production[i].Right[k];if (Dignose(temp)){for (j = 0;j < i_g;){if (temp != g[j])j++;elsebreak;}if (j > i_g - 1){g[i_g] = temp;i_g++;}}}}}void CMyDlg::createFirstVT() // production已完成,创建FirstVT {int i, j;Stack S[100];int sp = 0;for (i = 0;i < i_G;i++) // 初始化FirstVTfor (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)FirstVT.vt[i][j] = false;for (i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){if (likea_(production[i]))insertFirstVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, production[i].Right[0]);if (likeQa_(production[i]))insertFirstVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, production[i].Right[1]);}while (sp > 0){sp--;char Q = S[sp].P;char a = S[sp].a;for (i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){if (likeQ_(production[i], Q))insertFirstVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, a);}}}void CMyDlg::createLastVT() // 创建Last集{int i, j;Stack S[100];int sp = 0;for (i = 0;i < i_G;i++) // 初始化FirstVT for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)LastVT.vt[i][j] = false;for (i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){if (like_a(production[i]))insertLastVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, production[i].Right[production[i].num - 1]);if (like_aQ(production[i]))insertLastVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, production[i].Right[production[i].num - 2]);}while (sp > 0){sp--;char Q = S[sp].P;char a = S[sp].a;for (i = 0;i < locProduct;i++){if (like_Q(production[i], Q))insertLastVT(S, sp, production[i].Left, a);}}}* * int CMyDlg::findG(char c) // 定位c在G中的下标{int i = 0;for (i = 0;i < i_G;i++)if (c == G[i])break;return i;}int CMyDlg::findg(char c) // 定位c在g中的下标{int i = 0;for (i = 0;i < i_g;i++)if (c == g[i])break;return i;}bool CMyDlg::Dignose(char c) // 判断c 是终结符还是非终结符,终结符true,非终结符falseif (c > 64 && c < 91)return false;elsereturn true;}bool CMyDlg::likea_(Production prod){if (Dignose(prod.Right[0]))return true;elsereturn false;}bool CMyDlg::like_a(Production prod) // 形如P->…a型产生式{if (Dignose(prod.Right[prod.num - 1]))return true;elsereturn false;bool CMyDlg::like_aQ(Production prod) // 形如P->…aQ型产生式{if (prod.num < 1)return false;else{if (Dignose(prod.Right[prod.num - 2]) && (!Dignose(prod.Right[prod.num - 1])))return true;elsereturn false;}}bool CMyDlg::likeQa_(Production prod){if (prod.num < 1)return false;else{if (Dignose(prod.Right[1]) && (!Dignose(prod.Right[0]))) return true;elsereturn false;}}bool CMyDlg::likeQ_(Production prod, char Q){if (prod.Right[0] == Q)return true;elsereturn false;}bool CMyDlg::like_Q(Production prod, char Q){if (prod.Right[prod.num - 1] == Q)return true;elsereturn false;}void CMyDlg::createPreTable() // 创建优先表{// 初始化优先表pretableint i, j;for (i = 0;i < i_g;i++)for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)pretable[i][j] = ' '; // 表错误for (j = 0;j < locProduct;j++){for (i = 0;i < production[j].num - 1;i++){char xi, xi1, xi2;xi = production[j].Right[i];xi1 = production[j].Right[i + 1];xi2 = production[j].Right[i + 2];if (Dignose(xi) && Dignose(xi1))pretable[findg(xi)][findg(xi1)] = '=';if (i < production[j].num - 2 && Dignose(xi) && Dignose(xi2) && (!Dignose(xi1)))pretable[findg(xi)][findg(xi2)] = '=';if (Dignose(xi) && (!Dignose(xi1))){int N = findG(xi1);for (int k = 0;k < i_g;k++)if (FirstVT.vt[N][k] == true)pretable[findg(xi)][k] = '<';}if ((!Dignose(xi)) && Dignose(xi1)){int N = findG(xi);for (int k = 0;k < i_g;k++)if (LastVT.vt[N][k] == true)pretable[k][findg(xi1)] = '>';}}}}void CMyDlg::ShowPreTable() // 显示相关集合和优先表{CString str = "";str = str +"终结符"+ showTerminal(g) +"\r\n";str = str +"非终结符"+ shownoTerminal(G) +"\r\n";str = str +"First集合:\r\n"+ showFirstVT();str = str +"Lasst集合:\r\n"+ showLastVT();str = str +" | ";int i, j;for (i = 0;i < i_g;i++)str = str + g[i] +" | ";str = str +"\r\n";for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)str = str +"…………";str +="\r\n";for (i = 0;i < i_g;i++){str = str + g[i] +" | ";for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)str = str + pretable[i][j] +" | ";str +="\r\n";for (j = 0;j < i_g;j++)str = str +"…………";str +="\r\n";}cout << str.GetBuffer(1000);}void CMyDlg::insertFirstVT(Stack S[], int &sp, char P, char a) {if (FirstVT.vt[findG(P)][findg(a)] == false){FirstVT.vt[findG(P)][findg(a)] = true;S[sp].P = P;S[sp].a = a;sp++;}}void CMyDlg::insertLastVT(Stack S[], int &sp, char P, char a) {if (LastVT.vt[findG(P)][findg(a)] == false){LastVT.vt[findG(P)][findg(a)] = true;S[sp].P = P;S[sp].a = a;sp++;}}void CMyDlg::preFunctor(CString sen) // 算符优先分析过程实现{bool tagbreak = true;char S[100];int k = 0;S[k] = '#';int i = 0; // 表下次读入位置int j = 0;//char a;CString show = "";CString temp = "";temp.Format("%-15s %s %15s %-15s%-10s%-15s\r\n\r\n", "符号栈", "关系", "输入串", "最左素短语", "使用产生式", "下步动作");show = show + temp;temp ="";CString s_stack, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action;char s_presymbol;do{a = sen[i];if (Dignose(S[k]))j = k;elsej = k - 1;while (pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)] == '>'){s_stack = showStack(S, k);s_presymbol = pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)];s_sentence = showSentence(sen, i);char Q;do{Q = S[j];if (Dignose(S[j - 1]))j = j - 1;elsej = j - 2;} while (pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(Q)] == '>' || pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(Q)] == '=');int n = selectProd(j + 1, k, S);if (n > -1 && n < locProduct){s_lefts = showLeftS(S, j + 1, k);k = j + 1;S[k] = production[n].Left;s_prod = ProdtoCStr(production[n]);s_action ="归约";temp.Format("%-15s %c %15s %-15s %-10s %-15s\r\n", s_stack, s_presymbol, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action);show = show + temp;s_stack ="";s_sentence ="";s_lefts ="";s_prod ="";s_action ="";s_presymbol = ' ';}else{s_stack = showStack(S, k);s_presymbol = 'n';s_prod ="出错";s_sentence = showSentence(sen, i);s_action ="无法归约";temp.Format("%-15s %c %15s %-15s %-10s %-15s\r\n", s_stack, s_presymbol, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action);show = show + temp;s_stack ="";s_sentence ="";s_lefts ="";s_prod ="";s_action ="";s_presymbol = ' ';tagbreak = false;break;}}if (!tagbreak)break;if (pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)] == '<' || pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)] == '='){s_stack = showStack(S, k);s_presymbol = pretable[findg(S[j])][findg(a)];s_sentence = showSentence(sen, i);s_action ="入栈";temp.Format("%-15s %c %15s %-15s %-10s %-15s\r\n", s_stack, s_presymbol, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action);show = show + temp;k = k + 1;S[k] = a;s_stack ="";s_sentence ="";s_lefts ="";s_prod ="";s_action ="";s_presymbol = ' ';}else{s_stack = showStack(S, k);s_presymbol = 'n';s_prod ="出错";s_sentence = showSentence(sen, i);s_action ="出错";temp.Format("%-15s %c %15s %-15s %-10s %-15s\r\n", s_stack, s_presymbol, s_sentence, s_lefts, s_prod, s_action);show = show + temp;s_stack ="";s_sentence ="";s_lefts ="";s_prod ="";s_action ="";s_presymbol = ' ';break;}i++;} while (a != '#');show = show +"完成";cout << show.GetBuffer(1000) << endl << endl; }void CMyDlg::parse(){string sen;cout << endl << endl <<" 请输入分析的句子:";cin >> sen;cout << endl << endl;m_sen = sen.c_str();}int CMyDlg::selectProd(int i, int j, char S[]) // 查找产生式{int n = -1;int k = 0;for (k = 0;k < locProduct;k++){if (j - i == production[k].num - 1){int si = i;for (int m = 0;m < production[k].num;m++){if (S[si] == production[k].Right[m] || ((!Dignose(S[si])) && (!Dignose(production[k].Right[m]))))si++;elsebreak;}if (si == j + 1){n = k;break;}}}return n;}CString CMyDlg::ProdtoCStr(Production prod) {CString str = "";str = str +prod.Left +"->";for (int i = 0;i < prod.num;i++)str = str +prod.Right[i];return str;}void CMyDlg::Initarry(char arry[], int n)//初始化数组{for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)arry[i] = ' ';}CString CMyDlg::showStack(char S[], int n)//显示符号栈,n表栈大小{CString str = "";for (int i = 0;i <= n;i++)str = str +S[i];return str;}CString CMyDlg::showSentence(CString sen, int start){CString str = "";for (int i = start;i < sen.GetLength();i++)str = str +sen[i];return str;}void CMyDlg::InitAll()gram ="";i_G = 0;i_g = 0;locProduct = 0;}// 以下是为了便于显示,将数组型转换成CString型CString CMyDlg::showLeftS(char S[], int j, int k) {CString str = "";for (int i = j;i <= k;i++)str = str +S[i];return str;}CString CMyDlg::showTerminal(char g[]){CString str = "{";for (int i = 0;i < i_g;i++)str = str +g[i] +" ";return str +"}";CString CMyDlg::shownoTerminal(char G[]) {CString str = "{";for (int i = 0;i < i_G;i++)str = str +G[i] +" ";return str +"}";}CString CMyDlg::showFirstVT(){CString str = "";for (int i = 0;i < i_G;i++){str = str +"FirstVT( "+ G[i] +" )={ ";for (int j = 0;j < i_g;j++){if (FirstVT.vt[i][j])str = str + g[j] +' ';}str = str +" }\r\n";}return str;}CString CMyDlg::showLastVT(){CString str = "";for (int i = 0;i < i_G;i++){str = str +"LastVT( "+ G[i] +" )={ ";for (int j = 0;j < i_g;j++){if (LastVT.vt[i][j])str = str + g[j] +' ';}str = str +" }\r\n";}return str;}FFmain.cpp#include"FunctorFirst.h"void main(){CMyDlg ff;ff.gram ="";ff.locProduct = 0; // 已有产生式个数ff.InputRule();ff.createnoTerminal(); // 建立非终结符索引ff.createTerminal(); // 建立终结符索引ff.createFirstVT(); // 建立FirstVTff.createLastVT(); // 建立LastVTff.createPreTable(); // 建立优先表ff.ShowPreTable();ff.parse();if (ff.m_sen[ff.m_sen.GetLength() - 1] != '#')ff.m_sen = ff.m_sen +'#';ff.preFunctor(ff.m_sen);}。