2005—2016年历年考研英语真题集

精选全文完整版2005年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3Text 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain isas active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control itscourse. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Musicand Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the aut hentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question ofhis subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”。

2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon theANSWERSHEET.(10 points)InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmay involvenot onlyhisparentsandhisfriends, 1 thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.A young man can 2 a likelyspouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittle tosayintheselection. 4 ,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen. 5 aspouse hasbeen selected, each familyinvestigates the other to make sure its childismarrying 6 a good family.Thetraditionalweddingisa longandcolorfulaffair.Formerly itlastedthreedays, 7 bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedaday andahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8 prayers ofblessing. Parts of the ceremonyinvolve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,and 10 acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe 11 .Newlywedstraditionallymovein withthewife’s parentsandmay 12 withthemuptoayear, 13 theycanbuildanew house nearby.Divorceislegalandeasyto 14 ,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare 15 with somedisapproval.Eachspouseretains 16 property heorshe 17 intothe marriage,andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up:thedivorcedmale doesn’t haveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20 the woman must waitten months.1. [A] bywayof [B] on behalf of [C] as wellas [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A]Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A]Although [B] Lest [C]After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A]passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A]grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A]obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A]changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A]breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingA,B,Cor D. Mark your answerson theANSWERSHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashion industry haslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminary approvallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways. Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat―inciteexcessivethinnes s‖byp romotingext reme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. Theysuggestbeautyshould notbe defined bylooks thatend up impinging onhealth.That’sastart.And thebanonultra-thinmodels seems to gobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath–assomehavedone.Ittellsthe fashionindustry thatitmusttakeresponsibility forthesignalitsendswomen,especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure theymustuse to determine their individual worth.Thebans,iffully enforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmany men)thattheyshouldnotlet othersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,they hintthatpeopleshouldlookto intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their wayto size zero or wasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,rely toomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethat stillregardsbeautyasskin-deep–andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthat doesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonths in prison.The fashionindustryknows ithas an inherentproblemin focusing on materialadornmentand idealizedbody types.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtoset voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.Incontrastto France’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustry agreedlastmonthonrulesand sanctionsregardingtheage, health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.Thenewly revisedDanish FashionEthicalCharterclearly states:―Weareawareofandtakeresponsibility fortheim pact therter’smaintool of enforcementis fashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especially onyoungpeopl e.‖Thechato denyaccessfor designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relyingon ethicalpersuasionratherthanlawto address themisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsof a particular industry.21.According to the firstparagraph, what wouldhappen in France? [A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physicalbeautywould be redefined.[C]W ebsites aboutdietingwould thrive.[D]The fashion industrywould decline.22.Thephrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doingharmto23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] Newstandards arebeingset in Denmark.[B]The French measures have alreadyfailed. [C]Models areno longerunderpeerpressure. [D] Itsinherentproblems aregetting worse.24.Adesigner is most likelyto be rejected byCFWfor .[A] pursuingperfectphysicalconditions[B] caring too much aboutmodel’scharacter[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A]AChallengeto the Fashion Industry’sBodyIdeals[B]ADilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] JustAnotherRoundof Struggle for Beauty[D]TheGreatThreats to theFashion IndustryText2Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishaslongsidetheroyalfamily, hadacuriousresult.Whilepollsshow B rit onsrate―thecountryside‖ａShakespeareandthe National HealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry, this has limited politicaltraction.A centuryagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttoIt was specifically toprovide city save―thebeautyof naturalplacesforeveryone forever‖．Hill’spressure dwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience―a refreshingair‖．laterledtothecreat ion ofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmake countrysideanym ore, and everyyearconcrete consumesmore of it.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikely toendorsethissentiment.The Conservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation, evenauthorising―ｏff-pl an‖b uildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainable bourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanning wherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.Only Ukip,sensingits chance,hassidedwiththose pleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.Nigel Farage’sspeechthisyeartotheCampaigntoProtec tRuralEngandstruckterrorintomanylocal Conservative parties.The sensible place tobuild newhouses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and townswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecently identified enough sitesforhalfa millionhousesinthe Londonareaalone, withnointrusion ongreen belt. What is true ofLondon is even truerof the provinces.ispurelobby talk.The issue i sls―ｃo ncretedmeadow s‖　Theideathat―ｈousing crisis‖ equanottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobby pressure,George Osbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainst urbanrenovationandrenewal. Hefavoursout-of-town shoppingsitesagainst high streets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsand villageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredges andrespectstheircharacter.W edonotruinurbanconservationareasinthisway.Why ruinrural ones?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smost crowdedcountry.Halfacentury oftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative–thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthan promoting itshould unite the leftand rightof the politicalspectrum.26. Britain’spublic sentimentabout the countryside _.[A] didn’tstart tillthe Shakespearean age[B] has broughtmuch benefit to the NHS[C] is fullybacked bythe royal family [D]is not well reflected in politics27.According toParagraph2, the achievements of the NationalTrustare nowbeing .[A] graduallydestroyed[B] effectivelyreinforced[C] largelyovershadowed[D] properlyprotected28. which of the following can be inferred fromParagraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]TheConservativesmayabandon―off-plan‖building.[C]The LiberalDemocrats are losing political influence. [D]Ukip maygain from its support for ruralconservation.29.Theauthor holds thatGeorge Osborne’s Preference.[A] highlights his firmstand against lobbypressure[B] shows his disregard for the characterof ruralareas [C]stresses the necessityofeasing the housing crisis [D]reveals a strong prejudice againsturbanareas30. In the lastparagraph, theauthor shows his appreciation of .[A] the size ofpopulation inBritain.[B] the political life in today’sBritain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-countryplanning inBritainText3“Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibility of business,‖wroteMi ltonFriedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist.―Thatis,touse itsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto increase itsprofit s.‖　B utevenif you acceptFri edman'spremise andregardcorporate social responsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies—atleast when theyare prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America andBritain togetherspendmore than $15 billion a yearon CSR, accordingtoanestimatelastyearby EPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheir businessesinthree ways.First,consumers maytakeCSRspendingasa―s ignal‖thatacompany's productsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuy acompany'sproductsasan indirectway todonatetothe go odcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse―ha l oeffect‖，wherebyits good deeds earnitgreaterconsideration fromconsumers and others.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumers canbeaffectedbyallthree.A recentpaperattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbribery prosecutionsunder America'sForeignCorrupt Practices Act(FCPA).Itarguesthatsince prosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbe influenced onlybythe halo effect.Thestudy foundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheir CSRstance,thataccountedfortheleniency: companies thatcontributed more to politicalcampaigns did not receive lower fines.Inall,theauthorsconcludethatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonly evaluateacasebasedonits merits,theydo se em tobeinfluencedby acompany'srecordinCS R.―Weestimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate givingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingaysone researcher.foreignofficial s,‖ｓResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinesses oughttospendon CSR. Nordoes itrevealhowmuch companiesarebankingonthehaloeffect, ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleast they havedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetinto troublewiththelaw,evidenceofgood charactercan win thema less costlypunishment.31.Theauthor views Milton Friedman’sstatementaboutCSRwith _.[A] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32.According toParagraph2, CSRhelps a companyby_ .[A] winning trust fromconsumers[B] guardingitagainstmalpractices [C]protecting it frombeing defamed [D]raising the qualityof its products33.Theexpression ―more lenient‖(Line 2,Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.Whenprosecutors evaluate a case, a compa ny’s CSRrecord .[A] has an impacton their decision[B] comes acrossas reliable evidence[C] increases the chanceof being penalized[D] constitutes partof the investigation35.Which of the following is true ofCSR, according to the lastparagraph? [A]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]The necessaryamountof companies’spendingon it is unknown.[C] Companies’financialcapacityfor ithas been overestimated.[D] Ithas broughtmuch benefit to the banking industry.Text4Therewilleventually comeaday whenTheNewY orkTimesceasestopublishstorieson newsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture,"the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splenty ofincentivetoditch print.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakea physicalnewspaper—printingpresses,delivery trucks—isn'tjustexpensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-only competitorsdon'thavethe same setof financialconstraints. Readers are migrating awayfromprintanyway. And though printad salesstilldwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue fromprint is stilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationmaybelower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprintedition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEOJonahPeretti.Perettisaysthe Times shouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyifthey goaboutdoing ittherightway."Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesense forthem,"hesaid,"butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomers reallyupset withyou."Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachange anyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflix discontinuingits DVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.* "Itwasseenasa blunder,"hesaid. Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeat The NewY orkTimes?"Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint," hesaid."I wouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct."Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproductthey favor,theideagoes,andthey'dfeel liketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."Soifyou'reoverpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,"Perettisaid. "Then increase itas ahigher rate each yearandessentially try togenerateadditionalrevenue." Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakea printproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealready obsessedwithit.Whichmaybewhatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice asmuch asadigital-onlysubscription."It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thavea legacy business," Perettiremarked."Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhen themarketchangesandthe worldchanges.Inthose situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. TheNewY orkTimes is considering ending its printedition partlydue to .[A] the highcostof operation[B] the pressure fromits investors[C] the complaints fromits readers[D] the increasingonline adsales37.Perettisuggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should _.[A] seeknewsourcesof readership[B] end theprinteditionfor good [C]aimfor efficientmanagement [D]make strategic adjustments38. Itcan be inferred fromParagraphs 5and 6thata ―legacyproduct‖.[A] helps restore thegloryofformer times[B] is meant for the mostloyalcustomers[C] willhave the costof printing reduced[D] expands the popularityof the paper39.Perettibelieves that, in a changing world _.[A] legacybusinesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness bettermeets challenges [D]traditional luxuries can stayunaffected40.Whichof the following would be thebest title of the text? [A]Shift to Online NewspapersAllatOnce[B] Cherish the NewspaperStillinY ourHand[C] MakeY ourPrint Newspapera LuxuryGood[D] KeepY ourNewspapersForever inFashionPartBDirections：Readthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionsby choosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfrom thelistA-Gforeachofthe numberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.Mark your answerson theANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A] Createa new image ofyourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right [D]Understand thecontext[E]W ork with professionals[F] Make itefficient[G] Knowyour goalsNomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,thewayyoupresentyourselfhasanimpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinfirstimpressions.Accordingtoresearchfrom Princeton University,peopleassessyourcompetence,trustworthiness,andlikeability injustatenthofa second, solelybased on thewayyou look.raisthat therangeof Thedifferencebetweentoday’sworkplaceandthe―ｄress f orsuccess‖ｅoptions is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dresst-shirtscanconvey status;inothersnotsomuch. Plus,whateverimagewepresentis magnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedIn.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuch lennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingthe least formalgenerationyet the mostconscious ofstyle and personalbranding. Itcanbe confusing. Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinves tinanupgrade?Andwhat’sthebes twayto pulloff one thatenhancesour goals?Here are some tips:41.A sanexecutivecoach,I’ve seen imageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringt ransitions—whenlookingfora newjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingwork einaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagood environments.Ifyou’ｒtime.Ifyou’renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandpr ofes sional s. Lookforcues abouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybe there’snoneedforanupgradeandt hat’sOK.42.ehoping tohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageor Getclearonwhatimpactyou’ｒpivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,or moremodern andstylish.Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore―ＳoH o.‖(It’sOK tousecharacterizationslikethat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment?What conveysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportant audiences?How dothepeople yourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetteryouunderstandthe culturalcontext,the more controlyou can have overyour impact.44.Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.Hireapersonalstylist, or use the free styling service ofa store like J·Crew·Trya hair stylist instead ofa barber. Work with aprofessional photographerinstead of your spouseorfriend. It’snot asexpensive asyoumight think.45.Thepointofastyleupgradeisn’ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimefussing overwhattowear.Instead,useitasanopportunity toreducedecisionfatigue.Pickastandardwork uniformorafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesatoncewithastylistinsteadofshopping alone, onearticle ofclothing ata time.PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefully andthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Y our translation should be written neatlyon theANSWERSHEET.(10 points)Mentalhealthisourbirthright.(46)Wedon’t have to learn how tobementallyhealthy;itisbuiltintousinthesamewaythatourbodiesknowhowtohealacutormendabro ken bone. Mentalhealthcan’tbe learned,onlyreawakened.Itisliketheimmunesystemofthebody,which understressorthroughlackofnutritionorexercisecanbeweakened,butwhichneverleavesus. When wedon’tunderstandthe valueofmentalhealth a ndwedon’tknowhowto gainac cess toit, mentalhealthwillremainhiddenfromus.(47)Our mental health doesn’t really goanywhere; likethesunbehindacloud,itcanbetemporarilyhiddenfromview,butitisfully capableofbeingrestored in an instant.Mentalhealthistheseedthatcontainsself-esteem—confidenceinourselvesandanability to trust inourcommonsense.Itallowsustohaveperspectiveonourlives—theability tonottake ourselvestooseriously,tolaughatourselves,toseethebiggerpicture,andtoseethat thingswill workout.I t’saformofinnateor un learned optimism.(48)Mentalhealthallowsustoviewotherswithsympathy ifthey are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditionallovenomatterwhothey are.Mentalhealthisthesourceofcreativityforsolving problems,resolvingconflict,makingoursurroundingsmorebeautiful,managingourhomelife,or comingupwithacreativebusinessideaorinventiontomakeourliveseasier.It givesuspatience for ourselves and toward others as wellaspatience whiledriving, catching a fish, working on our car,orraisingachild.Itallowsustoseethebeautythatsurroundsuseachmomentinnature,inculture, in the flowof our dailylives.(49)Althoughmentalhealthisthecure-allforlivingourlives,itisperfectly ordinaryasyouwillseethatithasbeentheretodirectyouthroughallyourdifficultdecisions.Ithasbeen availableeveninthemostmundaneoflifesituationstoshowyourightfromwrong,goodfrombad,friendfromfoe.Mentalhealthhascommonly beencalledconscience,instinct,wisdom, common sense, orthe inner voice. W e thinkof itsimplyas a healthyand helpfulflowof intelligent thought.(50)As youwill cometosee,knowingthat mentalhealthis always availableand knowing to trustitallowus to slowdown to the momentand live life happily.Section IIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Supposeyouarealibrarianinyouruniversity.Writeanoticeofabout100words,providing the newly-enrolled internationalstudents with relevant information about the library.Y ou should write neatlyontheANSWERSHEET.i nstead.Do not sign your own nameat the end of the e―L iMing‖　Do not write the address. (10 points)PartA52.Directions:Write an essayof 160-200 words basedon the followingpictures. Inyour essay,you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) giveyour comments.Y ou should write neatlyon theANSWERSHEET. (20 points)2016年考研英语一真题参考答案UseofEnglish1. [C] as wellas2. [D] decided on3. [C] arrange4. [B] In theory5. [C]After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A]passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A]obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A] whatever17. [B] brought18. [D]divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPartAText121. [B]Physicalbeautywould be redefined.22. [D]doing harmto23. [A]Newstandards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A]AChallenge to the Fashion Industry’sBodyIdealsText226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A]graduallydestroyed28. [D]Ukip maygain from its support for ruralconservation.29. [D] reveals a strongprejudice againsturban areas30. [D] thetown-and-countryplanning in BritainText331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust fromconsumers33. [C] less severe34. [A]has an impacton their decision35. [B]The necessaryamountof companies’spending on it is unknown.Text436. [A] thehigh costof operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the mostloyalcustomers39. [C] aggressiveness bettermeets challenges40. [C] MakeY ourPrintNewspapera LuxuryGoodPartB41. [C]Decideif the time isright42. [G] Knowyour goals43. [D]Understand the context44. [E]W ork with professionals45. [F] Make itefficientPartC46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text．Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)In Cambodia，the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male．It may involve not only his parents and his friends，１those of the young women，but also a matchmaker．A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations，or the young man’s parents may make the c hoice of a spouse，giving the child little to say in the selection．4 ，a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen．5 a spouse has been selected，each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family．The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair．Formerly it lasted three days，7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half．Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing．Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting，9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ，and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 ．Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year，13 they can build a flew house nearby．Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ，but not common ．Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval．Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage，and jointly acquired property is 18 equally．Divorced persons may remarry，but a gender prejudice 19 up ．The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait themonths．11．[A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2．[A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3．[A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4．[A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5．[A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6．[A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7．[A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8．[A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9．[A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10．[A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11．[A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12．[A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13．[A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14．[A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [ D]avoid15．[A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16．[A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever217．[A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18．[A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19．[A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20．[A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D．Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(40 points)Text 1France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion，has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman．Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways．The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinn ess” by promoting extreme dieting．Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives．They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health．That’s a start．And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done．It3tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women，especially teenage girls，about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth．The bans，if fully enforced ，would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty ．And perhaps faintly，they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques ．The French measures，however，rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing．Under the law，using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85，000 fine and six months in prison．The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types．In Denmark，the United States，and a few other countries，it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement．In contrast to France’s actions，Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age，health，and other characteristics of models ．The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states：“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals，especially on young people．” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen．Fashion Week，which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute ．But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of compliance．4Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step．Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry．21．According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined [B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive [D] The fashion industry would decline22．The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of [B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in [D] doing harm to23．Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed [B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure [D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24．A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models [B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors [D] pursuing perfect physical conditions25．Which of the following may be the best title of the text?5[A] A C hallenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty [D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country．In Britain this has had a curious result．While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family．Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country，this has limited political support．A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”．It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”．Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts．They don’t make countr yside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it ．It needs constant guardianship．At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment．The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priori ty over conservation，even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object．The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable．Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development．The Liberal Democrats are silent Only Ukip，sensing its chance，has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land．Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties．The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where people are，in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place．The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified6。

2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child littleto say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and gro om’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circleof happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: the divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A] breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)T ext 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―i nci t e excessive thinnes s‖ by promoting ext r em e dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ul t ra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep –and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and sixmonths in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: ―We are aware of and take responsibility for the im pact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young peopl e.‖ The char t er’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionW eek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] W ebsites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for .[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about model’s character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryT ext 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. W hile polls show B r i t ons rate ―t he countrysi de‖alongside the royal f a m ily, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save ―t he beauty of natural places for everyone forever‖.I t was specifically to provide ci t y dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience ―a refreshing air‖.H ill’s pr essur e later led to the creat ion of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any m or e, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising ―o f f-pl an‖building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farage’s speech this year to the Campaign to Protec t Rural Engandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that ―h ousing crisi s‖ equals ―c oncreted meadow s‖ is pure lobby talk. The issue i s not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. W e do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, B r i t ai n is Europe’s m ost crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative –the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside _.[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS[C] is fully backed by the royal family [D]is not well reflected in politics27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being .[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectively reinforced[C] largely overshadowed[D] properly protected28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon ―off-plan‖building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence. [D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’sPreference .[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis [D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of .[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of busines s,‖ wrote Mi l t on Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist. ―That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit s.‖ B ut even if you accept F r i edman's premise and regard corporate soc i al responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate last year by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a ―s i gnal‖that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the go od causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse ―ha lo ef f ect‖,whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent paper attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCP A). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the authors conclude that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do se em to be influenced by a company's record in C S R.―We estimate that ei t her eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign official s,‖ says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do -gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with _.[A ] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_ .[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it against malpractices[C] protecting it from being defamed[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression ―more lenient‖(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a compa n y’s CSR record .[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A ] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.T ext 4There will eventually come a day when The New Y ork Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though printad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.* "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at The New Y ork Times? "I wouldn’t pick a year to end print," he said. "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it as a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. The New Y ork Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to .[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the increasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should _.[A] seek new sources of readership[B] end the print edition for good[C] aim for efficient management[D] make strategic adjustments38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a ―l eg acy product‖.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world _.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Y our Hand[C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Y our Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections：Read the following texts and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right [D]Understand the context[E] W ork with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between t oda y’s workplace and the ―d ress for succes s‖ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress t-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to inves t in an upgrade?And what’s the bes t way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41.A s an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during t r ans i t i ons—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’r e in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and pr of es sional s.Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and t hat’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’r e hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more―S o H o.‖(I t’s OK to use characterizations like t hat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of yourenvironment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J·Crew·Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. I t’s not asexpensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fuss ing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. I t is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health a nd we don’t know how to gai n ac cess to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our ment al health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. I t’s a form of innate or un learned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. W e think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e ―L i Mi ng‖ i nst ead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part A52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年考研英语一真题参考答案Use of English1. [C] as well as2. [D] decided on3. [C] arrange4. [B] In theory5. [C] After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A] passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A] obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A] whatever17. [B] brought18. [D] divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPart AT ext 121. [B] Physical beauty would be redefined.22. [D] doing harm to23. [A] New standards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsT ext 226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A] gradually destroyed28. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. [D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. [D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust from consumers33. [C] less severe34. [A] has an impact on their decision35. [B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.T ext 436. [A] the high cost of operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the most loyal customers39. [C] aggressiveness better meets challenges40. [C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodPart B41. [C] Decide if the time is right42. [G] Know your goals43. [D] Understand the context44. [E] W ork with professionals45. [F] Make it efficientPart C46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。

05It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.(46)电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。

绝密★启用前2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试卷考生需知1.选择题的答案需用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。

2.其它题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在制定位置的答案无效。

3.交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。

否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

SectionⅠVocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section For each sentence thee are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your angers on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil ( 10 points)1. Advertises often aim their campaigns at young people as they have considerable spending _____.abilityenergy D.A.power B.force C.2. We've bought some ______ chairs for the garden so that they are easy to store awaybinding D.C.foldingadjustingA.adapting B.3. The new speed restrictions were a ______ debated issue,profoundlydeeply D.heavily B.A.hotly C.4. His change of job has ____ him with a new challenge in lifeledpresented D.A.introduced B.initiated C.5. No _____you're hungry if you haven't eaten since yesterdayproblemwonder D.A.matter B.surprise C.6. The pianist played beautifully, showing a real _____ for the musicA.appreciation D.sense feeling B.understanding C.7. The boss into a rage and started shouting at Robert to do as he was toldrushed D.burstcharged C.flewA.B.8. Politicians should never lose ______ of the needs of the people they representC.prospectregard D.sightA.view B.9. The employees tried to settle the dispute by direct _____with the bosscommunicationassociation D.A,negotiation B.connection C.10. You haven't heard all the facts so don't _____ to conclusionsA. dashB. jumpC. muchD. fly11. I am _____ aware of the need to obey the vales of the competitionA. greatlyB. farC. muchD. well12. The manager has always attended to the _____ of important business himselfstimulationtranslation D.A.solution C.transaction B.13. As is known to all a country gets a (an) ______from taxesD.ARindpayment income B.revenue C.I4, The government has decided to reduce ______ on all imports.tuitiontariff D.A.fee B.charge C.15. The need for financial provision not only to producers but also to consumers.associates D.A.Crelates connects B.links16. The ability of bank to create deposits is determined by the ratio of liouid assets which they___.maintainremain D.A.mount. B.contain C.17 .The first serious prospect of a cure for Aids_____a treatment which delays its effects ha emergedA. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. less than18. His parents died when he was young, so he was ____ by his grandmafed D.grownbrought C.A.bredB.19.The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to____dollars in fear of another government interA. let inB. let outC. let go ofD. let off20. The local people could hardly think of any good way to ______ the disaster of the warA. shake offB. get offC. put offD. take offSection Ⅱcloze (15 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1with a pencil.A few decades ago, the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transfer FT) systems to move money more efficiently across countries and around the globe. The 21 benefit of such systems was to___22___the float of capital that was unavailable for _23_checks were being cleared through banking ___24___. Today, we understand that the benefits of electronic banking___26__revolutionized. It is ___27__more efficient and faster, but also more global. And now_28___the Internet, EFT systems are increasingly _29___with the new world of e-commerce ande-trade._30_1997 and 2003, EFT value __31_from less than $50 trillion to nearly $400 trillion, more than the _32___econmic product of all the countries and territories of the entire world. These statistics _33__should emphasize the importance of transnational EFT, satellite, wireless, andcable-based electronic fund transfers __34_the hub of global enterprise. Such electronic cash is__35__central to the idea of an emerging “worldwide mind”. Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds ,the world economy would grind to a halt.givingdriving D.getting C.21.A.hiding B.produce D.increasereduce C.B.22.A.introducewhile D.wherethat C.which B.A.23.procedures D.systemsmethods C.mechanics B.A.24.25. A. extensive B. intensive C. profound D. greatbeenD.hadhasbeenhas C.A.26.is B.just D.notonlyC.evenfar B.27.A.for D.by C.on28.A.with B.29. A. linked B. integrated C. controlled D. joinedForm D.In C.Among Between B.30.A.elevated D.soaredraised C.decreased B.31.A32. A. gross B. accelerated C. combined D. collectiveonly D.alone C.merely lonely B.33.A.reserve D.comprehendC.present B.34.A.represent35. A. so B. nevertheless C. thereafter D. thereforeSection ⅢReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Working at nonstandard times-evenings, nights, or weekends-is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harried B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades.The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-paying jobs participatedisproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents’ nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before ofafter school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages.Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, basedon parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours-sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend.Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse, She emphasizesthe need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for workingthese hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only ard highly prevalent among American familiesbut also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention,” she says . 36. Which of the following demonstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families?A. Stress on familial relationships.B. rotating shifts.C. Evenings, night, or weekends.D. Its consequences.37. Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?A. Children.B. MarriageC. Single mothersD. Working women38. Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?childprovidersProfessionalParents C.A.Children B.Employees D.39. It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedules are______prevalentabsent C.neglected D.emphasized B.A.40. What is the author’s attitude towards working irregular hours?C.Indifferent D.ObjectiveNegativePositive B.A.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being-executive, specialized expert, or person in the street-encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. （from:）A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing” faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn’t end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings.There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, “It isn’t who is right, but what is right, that counts.”The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it’s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn’t possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it’s simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expertinformation and opinions on which they must base their decisions.41. From the first paragraph we can learn that _____.A. executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the streetB. very few people decide before they thinkC. those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do soD. People tend to consider carefully before making decisions42. Judging from the context, what does the word “them” (line 4, paragraph 2) refer to?makersA.DecisionB. the “losing” factionC. Anger, resentment, and jealousyD. Other people43. Aldous Huxley’s remark (paragraph 3) implies that ______.A. there is a subtle difference between right and wrongB. we cannot tell who is right and what is wrongC. what is rights is more important than who is rightD. what is right accounts for the question who is right44. According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is ______.A. to make decision by debateB. to apply the internet and wireless computer technologyC. to brake on the thinking process, slowing it downD. to create a level of conceptual clarity45. The structured-inquiry process can be useful for ______.makersA.decisionB. intelligence analysis meetingC. the expert’s informationD. marketing focus groupsQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience)will be the priority（优先）and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologies will mean that spectator will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer’s bench, from the stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposalwill be the same options the producer of the recorded programme has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the sound—whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on..Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies, will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great evens continually attract larger audiences.The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.The most visionary executives go further. Their philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken over television?46. What does the writer mean by the use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage” in the first paragraph?A. Sport is combined with television.B. Sport controls television.C. Television dictates sport.D. Sport and television will go their own ways.47. What does “they” in line 2, paragraph 2stand for?broadcasts B.channelsA.technologiesC.spectators D.48. How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?A. They are too old to do anythingB. They feel ill at ease.C. They feel completely at home.D. Technologies can go hand in hand with sports49. What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. The philosophy of visionary executives.B. The process of television taking over sport.C. Television coverage expansion.D. An example to show how sport has taken over television.50. What might be the appropriate title of this passage?A. The arguments of sports executives.B. The philosophy of visionary executives.C. Sport and television in the 21 century.D. Sport: a business.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Convenience food helps companies by creating growth; but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion (共享) of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150 000 years, could be destroyed.Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly takentogether in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day’s first meal has all but disappeared. In the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook.. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of books and television programmes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t paradox. Maybe it is because people can’t cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t paradox. Maybe it is because people can’t cook any more. So they need to be told how to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies—golf, yachting—not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein’s new book, “Trading Up”, looks at mid-range consumers’ willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cooktpos, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theatre” trend in home goods. They cost from ＄1 000 to ＄9 000.Some 75% of them are never used.Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, Of course, there is nothing bad about ready-to –eat food itself. You don’t get much healthier than an apple, and all supermarkets sell a better-for-you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat.The three Harvard economists in their paper “Why have Americans become more obese?” point out that, in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had cook it. That took time and energy—a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy(脆) —which discouraged consumption of that sort or food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double-cook their own fries these days. Who has the time?51. What might the previous paragraphs deal with?A. The relationship between meals and convenience food.B. The importance of convenience food in people’s life.C. The rise of convenience food.D. The history of food industry.52. What is the paradox in the third paragraph?A. People don’t know how to cook.B. The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.C. People are becoming more obese, thus unhealthy.D. Convenience food actually does not save people time.53. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The bad effects of convenience food.B. Mr. Silerstein’s new bookC. People’s new hobby.D. Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.54. Why have Americans become more obese?A. Because of eating chips.B. Because of being busy.C. Because of being lazy.D. Both B and C.55. Which of the following might the author most likely agree with?A. There is nothing bad about convenience food.B. Convenience food makes people lazy.C. Convenience food helps companies grow.D. Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.Section IV Translation (15points)Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2.People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes.(56) An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors. From: Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises.(57)For instance, a capable corporate manager might see an alarming rise in local housing prices that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. The public’s changing values andpriorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints (or opportunities),and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.(58) People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly to plan budgets and to prevent ward. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology.Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students (and their teachers) to develop.(59)Many of the best-known techniques for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, “thinking about the unthinkable”. Pioneering futurists at the RAND Corporation (the first “think tank”) began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.(60)The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now.Section V Writing (20points)Directions: In this section, you are asked write a latter based on the following statement. Your letter should be at least 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET2.“五一”、“十一”长假丰富了人们的业余生活，促进了旅游经济的发展，同时也带来诸如交通拥挤、环境污染等问题。

考研英语05年真题试卷一、阅读理解（共30分）A节（共20分）Passage 1In recent years, the concept of lifelong learning has gained significant attention. It is widely believed that continuous education is essential for personal development and career advancement. The passage discusses the importance of lifelong learning and its impact on society.Questions 1-4 are based on the passage.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, why is lifelong learning important for personal development?3. How does the author describe the impact of lifelong learning on society?4. What are some of the challenges faced by individuals pursuing lifelong learning?Passage 2The passage examines the role of technology in education. It explores how technological advancements have transformed the way students learn and teachers teach.Questions 5-8 are based on the passage.5. What is the main focus of the passage?6. How has technology changed the educational landscape?7. What are the benefits of integrating technology into education?8. What are some of the concerns regarding the use of technology in classrooms?B节（共10分）Passage 3This passage discusses the environmental impact of plastic waste and the efforts being made to reduce its usage.Questions 9-10 are based on the passage.9. What is the main concern addressed in the passage?10. What measures are being taken to address the issue of plastic waste?二、完形填空（共20分）For questions 11-30, read the following passage and choose the best answer from the four choices given.The story is about a young man who overcomes various challenges to achieve his dream of becoming a successful entrepreneur. The passage explores his journey, the obstacleshe faced, and the lessons he learned along the way.三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.2. It is crucial to balance work and leisure to maintain a healthy lifestyle.3. The government has implemented new policies to address the issue of air pollution.四、写作（共30分）Write an essay of about 200-250 words on the following topic: "The Influence of Social Media on Modern Society"Your essay should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Discuss the positive and negative impacts of social media and provide your own perspective on the role of social media in today's world.请注意，以上内容为模拟的考研英语真题试卷，实际的真题试卷内容会有所不同。

2005年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 【B1】this is largely because, 【B2】animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 【B3】to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 【B4】the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 【B5】, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 【B6】we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 【B7】human smells even when these are 【B8】to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 【B9】others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 【B10】smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 【B11】to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 【B12】can suddenly become sensitive to it when 【B13】to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 【B14】to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 【B15】new receptors if necessary. This may 【B16】explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 【B17】of the usual smell of our own house, but we 【B18】new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 【B19】for unfamiliar and emergency signals 【B20】the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1．【B1】A．althoughB．asC．butD．while正确答案：C解析：逻辑关系判断。

2005英语一考研真题2005年英语一考研真题In recent years, the population of high school graduates has surged in China, posing challenges to both the education system and job market. The 2005 English Exam for the postgraduate entrance examination (考研) sheds light on the issue, providing insights into the abilities and skills required for individuals to succeed in the modern world. In this article, we will analyze and discuss the questions from the 2005 English Exam for the postgraduate entrance examination.Question 1 focuses on reading comprehension, requiring candidates to read a passage and answer multiple-choice questions. The passage discusses the impact of music on human lives and how it affects individuals' moods and emotions. It challenges candidates' ability to understand complex texts, extract relevant information, and infer meanings.Question 2 addresses candidates' writing skills, asking them to write an application letter for a leadership position in a student club or association. This question assesses their ability to organize their thoughts and articulate their ideas effectively. Additionally, it tests their skills in persuasive writing, as they need to convince the recipients to consider their application favorably.Question 3 tests candidates' listening comprehension skills. They are required to listen to a dialogue between a professor and a student and then complete a table by filling in the missing information. This question assessestheir ability to understand spoken language, follow the main ideas, and grasp specific details.Question 4 evaluates candidates' vocabulary and grammar proficiency. They need to choose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete a given sentence. This question tests their knowledge of vocabulary usage, collocations, and sentence structures.Question 5 focuses on translation. Candidates are required to translate a Chinese paragraph into English. This question assesses their language proficiency in both Chinese and English, as well as their ability to convey meaning accurately and fluently between the two languages.Overall, the 2005 English Exam for the postgraduate entrance examination covers a wide range of language skills, including reading comprehension, writing, listening comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and translation. It emphasizes the importance of a well-rounded language proficiency for individuals pursuing further education. It also reflects the challenges and expectations that candidates face in the modern world, where effective communication and language skills are highly valued.In conclusion, the 2005 English Exam for the postgraduate entrance examination provides an insight into the skills and abilities required for success in the academic and professional world. It evaluates candidates' reading, writing, listening, vocabulary, grammar, and translation skills. By analyzing and discussing the questions from this exam, we can gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and expectations faced by candidates in China's highly competitive education and job market.。