武汉市岩溶地面塌陷

武汉市江夏区大桥新区红旗村黏土盖层岩溶塌陷致塌模式分析涂婧;李慧娟;彭慧;魏熊;贾龙【摘要】武汉市江夏区大桥新区红旗村文化大道附近发生岩溶塌陷,其上覆盖层为黏土.文章针对该类型岩溶塌陷,结合岩溶发育特征、土体物理力学性质、水文地质条件和人类工程活动等影响因素,对致塌模式进行了综合分析,得出在溶沟底部分布有软塑至流塑状的力学性质较差的红黏土,溶沟底部发育的溶蚀裂隙与下部的溶洞或通道相联通;流塑状红黏土流失至下部岩溶通道中,形成土洞;钻探施工、楼房载荷、振动作用加速黏土体的软化、崩解和溶蚀作用,进而加速土洞向上发展.此外,地基开挖减少上覆黏土厚度,降低了土体抗剪强度,最终在上覆土体自身重力和附加荷载作用下发生塌陷.根据土体受力情况,得出塌陷力学模型,并利用数据进行验证,其验证结果与实际相符合,并结合致塌模式和力学分析提出应增强土体抗塌性能、增加建筑物地基稳定性和减缓岩溶系统水动力因素变化的防治措施.%Karst is widely distributed and karst collapses frequently happen in Wuhan City.The karst collapses used to occur along the Yangtze River in the main urban area where and the quaternary overburden over the subsidence area is of dual-layered structure with clay layer in upper and sandy one in thelower.However,in recent years,along with the development of urbanization and the intensification of human engineering activities in the exurban areas of the city,karst collapse has also occurred in the clay area,such as Jiangxia district.The karst collapse studied in this paper occurred on April 29,2014,at 2:30 p.m.in a residential community due to a new construction project implemented at the Jiangxia district.The collapse's area size was about 200 square meters.It caused two people missing,a drill rig buriedand the buildings 1# floor raft foundation completely collapsed,which put an end to the engineering construction and resulted in a large economic loss.Through a comprehensive analysis of the karst characteristics in the area,soil physical and mechanical properties,hydrogeological conditions and human engineering activities,the collapse mode is obtained.Our research findings show that the limestone surface in the subsidence area has a large number of dissolved channels and grooves which are connected by the dissolution fissure and the underlying karst cave.This led to the the red clay with poor mechanical properties in the bottom part of the ditch lost to the lower karst channel,forming a soil cave.Moreover,the foundation drilling,building load and vibration all accelerated the softening,disintegration and dissolution processes of the clay,thus accelerated the development of the soil cave.The foundation excavation reduced the thickness of clay and subsequently reduced the shear strength of the soil.Finally,collapse occurred under the action of gravity and additional load of the overlying soil.On the basis of Mohr-Coulomb criterion and plastic equilibrium theory,the force conditions of the soil were analyzed,from which the mechanical model of the collapse were gained.The results of the collapse mechanics model are verified,which are in line with the data derived from fieldwork.By comparison,firstly the calculation results show that the additional load on the ground and the reduction of clay thickness due to the foundation pit excavation are main inducing factors of the karst collapse.Secondly,the fluctuation of underground water level caused by drainage and atmospheric pressuredifference play an important role in accelerating collapse occurrence.Finally,based on the collapse pattern and mechanics analysis,the prevention and control measures has been proposed,that is,to increase the anti-collapse properties of the earth,increase the stability of the building foundations and reduce the hydrodynamics of the karst system.【期刊名称】《中国岩溶》【年(卷),期】2018(037)001【总页数】8页(P112-119)【关键词】黏土盖层;岩溶塌陷;致塌模式;力学模型;防治措施【作者】涂婧;李慧娟;彭慧;魏熊;贾龙【作者单位】湖北省地质环境总站,武汉430034;湖北省地质环境总站,武汉430034;湖北省地质环境总站,武汉430034;湖北省地质环境总站,武汉430034;中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/中国地质科学院岩溶塌陷防治重点实验室,广西桂林541004【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P642.260 引言武汉地区发育有10条碳酸盐岩条带(图1)[1-3]，覆盖型岩溶广泛发育，岩溶塌陷地质灾害频发。

武汉地区砂土渗流—漏失型岩溶地面塌陷致塌模式分析余泰敏;喻理传【摘要】武汉地区滨江的一级阶地覆盖土层具上下砂的二元结构,可溶岩多隐伏于砂土层之下;由于砂性土具粘聚力小、易液化的特点,故渗流—漏失机理为区域内主要的塌陷类型.通过对武汉地区历年来塌陷事件资料数据的分析,建立了武汉地区砂土渗流—漏失型岩溶地面塌陷的致塌模式及数学模型.通过数学模型试算结果表明:下部砂土漏失后粘性土盖层是否塌陷主要取决于上部粘性土层的强度和厚度,上部土层强度越高或厚度越大越不易塌陷,反之则容易塌陷.【期刊名称】《资源环境与工程》【年(卷),期】2015(029)006【总页数】5页(P887-891)【关键词】岩溶地面塌陷;渗流—漏失型;致塌模式;武汉地区【作者】余泰敏;喻理传【作者单位】湖北省地质局武汉水文地质工程地质大队,湖北武汉430051;湖北省地质局武汉水文地质工程地质大队,湖北武汉430051【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P642.26武汉地区近东西向分布4条可溶碳酸盐岩条带，除局部有少量出露外，多隐伏于覆盖土层之下，属覆盖型岩溶。

近年来随着经济的发展，人类工程建设活动的加强并向远城区扩展，环境问题日益突出;尤其是岩溶地面塌陷的频发，极大地影响了居民的正常生产和生活秩序，也引起了政府部门的高度重视。

本文在分析武汉地区历年来塌陷事件的基础上，根据收集的资料及数据，为武汉地区砂土渗流—漏失型岩溶地面塌陷建立数学模型，分析其致塌模式，为今后的防治工作提供数据支持。

1 岩溶地面塌陷概况1．1 主城区以前武汉市致灾的岩溶地面塌陷主要集中在主城区的鹦鹉洲长江大桥与白沙洲长江大桥之间的长江两岸，统称陆家街地区“第3岩溶条带”(见表1)，其余地段则以潜在不稳定塌陷为主。

表1 主城区主要塌陷事件一览表［1］Table 1 Schedule of main subsidence event in main city zone?1．2 远城区随着工程经济向远城区的发展，分布在汉南—江夏一线的“第4岩溶条带”亦逐渐引起人们的重视，其可溶岩隐伏分布面积远较陆家街地区大;发生的塌陷事件均具突发性，且塌陷规模较主城区大(表2)。

武汉市江夏区金水办事处岩溶地面塌陷的特征与成因浅析摘要：本文通过对武汉市江夏区金水办事处地面塌陷灾害调查，分析了金水办事处地面塌陷类型、时空分布特征、影响因素、形成机理。

结果表明，该处地面塌陷属覆盖型岩溶，人类工程活动是引发塌陷的主要外因。

岩溶的发育程度、上覆松散岩土层是岩溶地面塌陷形成的基本条件；强烈地下水位变动、振动( 震动) 荷载等动力扰动是岩溶地面塌陷的动力条件。

同时工程钻探、地下水的抽取、地下采矿及地下工程施工等人类工程活动对岩溶塌陷也有重要影响, 常作为诱发动力, 通过改变基本条件而加速岩溶塌陷的形成。

根据实际的情况，制定出一定的防治措施，以供同行参考。

关键词：岩溶地面塌陷特征；成因分析；防治对策；武汉市Summary: this article is based on Jiangxia district of Wuhan jinshui surface collapse disaster investigation analyzed Goldwater Office types, spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of ground subsidence, impact factors, formation mechanism. Results showed that the karst ground collapses are overwritten, major morbidity of human engineering activity is the cause of the collapse. Karst Development degree, overlying loose rock layers are basic conditions for the formation of karst ground collapses; strong changes in the groundwater level, vibration (shock) loads on dynamic disturbance is the dynamic condition of karst ground collapsing. Simultaneous engineering drilling, extraction of groundwater, underground mining and underground construction of human engineering activities on the karst collapse also has a significant impact, often induced by dynamic by changing basic conditions and speed up the formation of karst collapse. According to the actual situation, and work out certain preventive measures in order for reference.Key words: characteristics of karst ground collapsing; analysis; control; Wuhan1、概述2012年11月2日下午2时，湖北省武汉市江夏区金水办事处农科所一菜地地面开始出现裂缝，至下午5时，出现小面积塌陷，11月3日早晨6时，塌陷面积至现状，未见扩展。

第34卷第4期2020年12月资源环境与工程Resources Environment&EngineeringVol.34,No.4Dec.，2020武汉市白沙洲岩溶塌陷影响因素分析王宇，龙婧，陈标典（湖北省地质环境总站，湖北武汉430034）摘要：基于武汉市岩溶地面塌陷调查一期成果以及以往收集资料，从岩溶、上覆岩土体和地下水三方面综合分析武汉市白沙洲的岩溶地面塌陷基本条件，总结地质构造、岩溶发育程度、上覆岩土体地下水位动态变化、人类活动等因素对岩溶塌陷形成的影响。

受地质构造影响，武汉市白沙洲岩石破碎、节理裂隙发育，地下水径流强烈，岩溶发育。

靠近长江区域地下水位波动受长江水位影响明显，地下水位波动大。

区内土层多具上粘下砂二元结构，加上人类活动改变地下水动力条件、破坏上覆层岩土体结构，多种因素共同作用导致白沙洲岩溶地面塌陷多发。

关键词：岩溶塌陷；影响因素；分布规律；白沙洲中图分类号：P642.25文献标识码：ADOI：10.16536/ki.issn.1671-1211.2020.04.021研究区位于武汉市白沙洲,属北亚热带季风气候,年平均气温17C左右，多年平均降水量1233.3mm。

区内地表水系发达，主要水系有长江、巡司河、墨水湖、南太子湖。

地貌以平原地形为主，自长江I级阶地向北西侧，逐渐过渡至波状起伏的垄岗地貌，散列呈近东西向条带状展布的残丘。

区内基岩大都隐伏于第四系土层之下，自新生界古近系（E）至元古界志留系（S）地层均有分布。

根据岩性特征,研究区内基岩可分为碳酸盐岩与非碳酸盐岩两类。

其中碳酸盐岩地层主要为三叠系下统大冶组（T1d）灰岩、二叠系中统栖霞组（P2q）灰岩和石炭系上统黄龙一大埔组（C2h+d）白云质灰岩,主要分布于研究区中部及南部，分布面积71.43km2,占研究区面积的57.75%o非碳酸盐岩以碎屑岩和粘土岩为主，主要地层为白垩系（K）红砂岩、二叠系（P）硅质岩、泥岩、泥盆系（D）石英砂岩、志留系（S）页岩、细砂岩。