教学课件 汽车专业英语(第二版)
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汽车专业英语(第二版)[111页]
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE(1)
基本要求
(1)熟记课文中的生词和词组用，重点词汇造句 (2)能正确阅读课文 (3)能正确翻译课文内容
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE(1)
教学活动设计
★ New Words and Expressions ★ Text Lecture ★ Sentence Reference
2020/5/2
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE(1)
Sentence Reference
1…..has been invented …..现在完成时的被动语态。 2. so ……that …… 如此……以至于，结果状语从 句
2020/5/2
UNIT TWO DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE(2)
2020/5/2
UNIT EIGHT UNIT NINE UNIT TEN UNIT ELEVEN UNIT TWELVE
CHASSIS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM SUSPENSION SYSTEM STEERING SYSTEM BRAKE SYSTEM
2020/5/2
UNIT ONE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE(1)
2020/5/2
TYPES OF AUTO
基本要求
(1)熟记课文中的生词和词组用，重点词汇造句 (2)能正确阅读课文 (3)能正确翻译课文内容OF AUTO
New Words and Expressions
2020/5/2
TYPES OF AUTO
Text Lecture
2020/5/2
汽车专业英语(第二版)课件 (18)[6页]
![汽车专业英语(第二版)课件 (18)[6页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/d6c8f8efa0116c175f0e4871.png)
case of 12 cans each.Unit Price: CIF net Shanghai per can in U.S. Dollars.Payment:100% by 〉
Packing:For item A and B in standard export case of 24 cans each, for item C by standard export case of 12 cans each.
should be stenciled: 〉
Delivery:May/June, 2015
Remark: In addition to the ordinary shipping documents, please also
〉
Shipping Marks: On each and every case, the following shipping mark should be stenciled:
Text 1 Placing an Order
〉
PURCHASE ORDER
〉
No.BD/135
〉
Dear sirs,
〉
We confirm our agreement on purchase of the following goods:
〉
Description: A-I Grade Powdered Milk of the following three specifications:
〉
submit Certificate of Origin for the goods. Your faithfully,
〉
Remark: In addition to the ordinary shipping documents, please also submit Certificate of Origin for the goods.
汽车专业英语(二)共68页
39、没有不老的誓言，没有不变的承 诺，踏 上旅途 ，义无 反顾。 40、对时间的价值没有没有深切认识 的人， 决不会 坚韧勤 勉。
▪
26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
汽车专业英语（二）
36、“不可能”这个字(法语是一个字 )，只 在愚人 的字典 中找得 到。--拿 破仑。 37、不要生气要争气，不要看破要突 破，不 要嫉妒 要欣赏 ，不要 托延要 积极， 不要心 动要行 动。 38、勤奋，机会，乐观是成功的三要 素。(注 意：传 统观念 认为勤 奋和机 会是成 功的要 素，但 是经过 统计学 和成功 人士的 分析得 出，乐 观是成 功的第 三要素 。
▪
27、只有把抱怨环境的心情，化为上进的力量，才是成功的保证。——罗曼·罗兰
▪
28、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
▪
29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
▪
30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢！
68
▪
26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
汽车专业英语（二）
36、“不可能”这个字(法语是一个字 )，只 在愚人 的字典 中找得 到。--拿 破仑。 37、不要生气要争气，不要看破要突 破，不 要嫉妒 要欣赏 ，不要 托延要 积极， 不要心 动要行 动。 38、勤奋，机会，乐观是成功的三要 素。(注 意：传 统观念 认为勤 奋和机 会是成 功的要 素，但 是经过 统计学 和成功 人士的 分析得 出，乐 观是成 功的第 三要素 。
▪
27、只有把抱怨环境的心情，化为上进的力量，才是成功的保证。——罗曼·罗兰
▪
28、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
▪
29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
▪
30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢！
68
汽车专业英语(黄立新)第二部分5章-PPT文档资料
译文及评析
Main bearings and rod bearings are lubricated adequately to achieve their desired objectives. In the rotor type oil pump, the inner rotor is driven and drives the outer rotor. As the rotor revolves, the gaps between the lobes are filled with oil. When the lobes of the inner rotor move into the gaps in the outer rotor, oil is forced out through the outlet of pump. An oil pump can also be driven by a camshaft gear that drives the ignition distributor or by the crankshaft.
译文及评析
Oil Pan: Oil also flows to the cylinder head through drilled passages that make up the oil gallery, lubricates camshaft bearings and valves, and then returns to oil pan. Some engines have grooves or holes in connecting rods, which provide extra lubrication to pistons and walls of cylinders.
汽车专业英语电子课件Unit 2
Cylinder Block
• The core[kɔ:] of the engine is the cylinder, with the piston moving up and down inside the cylinder.
Crankshaft and Connecting Rod Mechanism • The crankshaft changes the linear['liniə] movement of the piston into a rotational movement via a connecting rod. • The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. • It can rotate at both ends so that its angle['æŋɡl] can change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates.
Fuel Supply System
• The fuel system supplies fuel to the engine. It also has the functions to regulate the volume['vɔlju:m] of fuel supply. • The fuel systems in diesel and gasoline engines are different.
Compression Stroke
• With both intake and exhaust valves (open,close), the piston returns to the top of the cylinder compressing the fuelair mixture into the combustion chamber of the cylinder head.
汽车专业英语(黄立新)第二部分3章.pptx
Rocker arm：摇臂 Push rod ：推杆
曲轴通过摇臂控制气门开闭，当凸轮轴转到凸轮的凸起部 分，此时顶起挺柱，通过推杆和调整螺钉使摇臂绕摇臂轴
过摆了动一，会压缩，气小门男弹孩簧不，哭气了门，开睁启开，即眼将睛摇，臂摆动引导凸轮 用的询凸问起的部分目向光上看运着动越转南化护为士推。杆推动气门开启和关闭运动。
掌握上文基本内容。
挺柱是连接气门组和曲轴的元件，位于曲轴之上，当挺柱被凸 轮的凸起部分顶起时，气门开启。 发动机油进入所述升降器本体的压力下。它穿过一个小开口在
过其了内一的会活塞，的小底男部孩的不空哭腔了的，活睁塞开下方眼。睛油，迫使活塞向上直到它 用接询触问到的推杆目。光当看凸着轮越引南起护的士气。门挺杆时，压力被置于它试图将
Valve train：配气机构
配气机构的功用是按发动机每一气缸内所进行的工作循环
过或了发一火会次，序小的男要求孩，不定哭时了开，启睁和开关眼闭睛进，、排气门，使新鲜 用可询燃问混的合目气光（看汽油着机越）南或护空士气。（柴油机）得以及时进入气
缸，而废气及时从气缸排出。配气机构是一个精准定时机 构，主要是由气门、摇臂、推杆、挺柱和凸轮轴等零件组 成。
译文及评析
The valve’s job is to open and close the valve ports. If the ports were always open, the fuel exploded in the combustion chamber would leave through the ports. The explosion has to be kept in the combustion chamber to push the piston down. The valves are set up to open and close at exactly the right moment. One lets the fuel mixture in and closes. After the fuel explodes and pushes the piston down, the other valve lets the exhaust out.
曲轴通过摇臂控制气门开闭，当凸轮轴转到凸轮的凸起部 分，此时顶起挺柱，通过推杆和调整螺钉使摇臂绕摇臂轴
过摆了动一，会压缩，气小门男弹孩簧不，哭气了门，开睁启开，即眼将睛摇，臂摆动引导凸轮 用的询凸问起的部分目向光上看运着动越转南化护为士推。杆推动气门开启和关闭运动。
掌握上文基本内容。
挺柱是连接气门组和曲轴的元件，位于曲轴之上，当挺柱被凸 轮的凸起部分顶起时，气门开启。 发动机油进入所述升降器本体的压力下。它穿过一个小开口在
过其了内一的会活塞，的小底男部孩的不空哭腔了的，活睁塞开下方眼。睛油，迫使活塞向上直到它 用接询触问到的推杆目。光当看凸着轮越引南起护的士气。门挺杆时，压力被置于它试图将
Valve train：配气机构
配气机构的功用是按发动机每一气缸内所进行的工作循环
过或了发一火会次，序小的男要求孩，不定哭时了开，启睁和开关眼闭睛进，、排气门，使新鲜 用可询燃问混的合目气光（看汽油着机越）南或护空士气。（柴油机）得以及时进入气
缸，而废气及时从气缸排出。配气机构是一个精准定时机 构，主要是由气门、摇臂、推杆、挺柱和凸轮轴等零件组 成。
译文及评析
The valve’s job is to open and close the valve ports. If the ports were always open, the fuel exploded in the combustion chamber would leave through the ports. The explosion has to be kept in the combustion chamber to push the piston down. The valves are set up to open and close at exactly the right moment. One lets the fuel mixture in and closes. After the fuel explodes and pushes the piston down, the other valve lets the exhaust out.
电子课件-《汽车专业英语(第二版)》-B24-1273 Unit 11
This is a liquid coolant flow. Can you talk to your partner on how the coolant goes through the cooling system?
Fig 11.2 Liquid Coolant Flow
Read the text again and connect the following words or phrases with the right Chinese.
Types of cooling system:
Fig 11.1 Engine Cooling System
Part Байду номын сангаас Text
There are air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling systems used in engines. Most of engines use liquid-cooled cooling system .
liquid-cooled air-cooled pressure cap temperature indicator radiator water jackets Thermostat coolant
节温器 水套 风冷 散热器 水冷 温度指示器 冷却液 散热器加水口盖
Part 2 dialogue:
Part 1 Text
1．To maintain the highest and most efficient operating temperature within the engine.
2．To move excess heat from the engine.
3．To bring the engine up to operating temperature as quickly as possible.
汽车专业英语(第二版)课件 (21)[8页]
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〉 The letter of lodging a complaint should include: 〉 Opening: State directly the problem including the concrete description. 〉 Body: Explain your understanding of the problem and suggest a way to
Shanghai. We are much obliged to you for the prompt execution of this order. Everything appears to be
correct and in good condition expect in case No.1-29. Unfortunately when we opened this case we found that it contained completely different articles,
Unit20 Complaints and Claims
〉 Introduction
〉 In international business, claims do not happen in every transaction but often occur. When one party breaks the contract and causes losses to the other party directly or indirectly, the party suffering the losses may ask for compensation for the losses. Sometimes when the loss is not serious, the party suffering the loss may writes a complaint to call the other party's attention to avoiding this matter happening again instead of a claim. Claims are usually raised by buyer for great loss, for example, loss caused by non-delivery or delay of delivery, short weight or shortage of quantity, inferior quality and improper packing, breach of contract. However, sellers may raise claims against buyer for non-establishment of L/C or breach of contract and so on.
汽车专业英语第二版课件
13一 cylinder head (HEAD, CYL) 气缸盖 14一 intake valve 进气门 15一 exhaust manifold heat shield 排气歧管隔热罩 16一 cylinder head gasket 气缸盖衬垫 17一 exhaust manifold (EXH MANIF) 排气歧管 18一 exhaust manifold gasket 排气歧管垫 19一 stud 螺栓 20一 exhaust valve (EXH VLV) 排气门 22一 thermostat housing 节温器壳体 23一 thermostat housing gasket 节温器壳体衬垫 24一 plug 塞子
2-4 The Components of Cylinder Head
气缸盖零部件
1、5、8、21、25、36一bolt 螺栓 2一oil filler cap seal 加机油口盖密封垫 3一 oil filler cap 加机油口盖 4一 engine trim cover 发动机装饰罩 6一 camshaft cover (CM/SHF CVR) 凸轮轴罩 7一 camshaft cover gasket 气门室盖密封垫 9一 EGR valve EGR阀，排气再循环阀 10一 bearing cap 轴承盖 11一 EGR valve seat ring EGR 阀密封圈 12一 EGR valve adapter EGR 阀转接器
39－ valve key (KEY, VLV STEM) 气门锁片 40－valve spring cap 气门弹簧盖 41－valve spring (SPRING, VLV) 气门弹簧 42－valve stem seal (SEAL, VLV STEM OIL) 气门油 封 43－valve spring seat 气门弹簧座 44－valve guide 气门导管 45、46－valve seat ring 气门座圈 47－intake manifold ( INI MANIF) 进气歧管 48－intake manifold gasket 进气歧管衬垫 49－throttle body gasket 节气门体衬垫 50 －nut 螺母 51－throttle body 节气门体
电子课件-《汽车专业英语(第二版)》-B24-1273 Unit 7
Fig 7.1 Exhaust AnalyzerPart 1 Text
Multifunction automotive scanner can not only gather and analyze the information on a running car, search for the source of the problems, but also be used as an oscilloscope . At the same time all results are displayed on the screen. If it is connected with a computer, its performance can get better.
An automotive stethoscope , or soundscope, aids in locating the source of engine knocks and noises by amplifying the sound waves. The value of the sounddetecting is to help the technician distinguish the difference between normal and abnormal sounds and to find the location and cause of the latter.
Fig 7.2
Digital Battery Analyzer
True or false?
• （1）A technician can do his work without efficient equipment.( )
• （2）Soundscope cannot find the source of the problems by checking automobile. ( )
汽车专业英语学习课件(二)84页PPT
财富 ❖ 丰富你的人生
71、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下去。——康德 72、家庭成为快乐的种子在外也不致成为障碍物但在旅行之际却是夜间的伴侣。——西塞罗 73、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。——伏尔泰 74、路漫漫其修道远，吾将上下而求索。——屈原 75、内外相应，言行相称。——韩非
汽车专业英语学习课件（二）
31、别人笑我太疯癫，我笑他人看不 穿。(名 言网) 32、我不想听失意者的哭泣，抱怨者 的牢骚 ，这是 羊群中 的瘟疫 ，我不 能被它 传染。 我要尽 量避免 绝望， 辛勤耕 耘，忍 受苦楚 。我一 试再试 ，争取 每天的 成功， 避免以 失败收 常在别 人停滞 不前时 ，我继 续拼搏 。
33、如果惧怕前面跌宕的山岩，生命 就永远 只能是 死水一 潭。 34、当你眼泪忍不住要流出来的时候 ，睁大 眼睛， 千万别 眨眼!你会看到 世界由 清晰变 模糊的 全过程 ，心会 在你泪 水落下 的那一 刻变得 清澈明 晰。盐 。注定 要融化 的，也 许是用 眼泪的 方式。
35、不要以为自己成功一次就可以了 ，也不 要以为 过去的 光荣可 以被永 远肯定 。
71、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下去。——康德 72、家庭成为快乐的种子在外也不致成为障碍物但在旅行之际却是夜间的伴侣。——西塞罗 73、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。——伏尔泰 74、路漫漫其修道远，吾将上下而求索。——屈原 75、内外相应，言行相称。——韩非
汽车专业英语学习课件（二）
31、别人笑我太疯癫，我笑他人看不 穿。(名 言网) 32、我不想听失意者的哭泣，抱怨者 的牢骚 ，这是 羊群中 的瘟疫 ，我不 能被它 传染。 我要尽 量避免 绝望， 辛勤耕 耘，忍 受苦楚 。我一 试再试 ，争取 每天的 成功， 避免以 失败收 常在别 人停滞 不前时 ，我继 续拼搏 。
33、如果惧怕前面跌宕的山岩，生命 就永远 只能是 死水一 潭。 34、当你眼泪忍不住要流出来的时候 ，睁大 眼睛， 千万别 眨眼!你会看到 世界由 清晰变 模糊的 全过程 ，心会 在你泪 水落下 的那一 刻变得 清澈明 晰。盐 。注定 要融化 的，也 许是用 眼泪的 方式。
35、不要以为自己成功一次就可以了 ，也不 要以为 过去的 光荣可 以被永 远肯定 。
12891汽车专业英语课件
教学活动设计
★ New Words and Expressions ★ Text Lecture ★ Sentence Reference
2017/10/2
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE(1)
New Words and Expressions
2017/10/2
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE(1)
Text Lecture
In 1885, a first new kind of automobile was made by Karl Benz in Germany.
2017/10/2
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE(1)
Text Lecture
The first automobile was a heavy, threewheeled, gasolinepowered car. The wheels were driven by a chain, and the engine was under the back seat. It was called “the horseless carriage”.
2017/10/2
UNIT THREE
TYPES OF AUTO
2017/10/2
TYPES
OF AUTO
基本要求
(1)熟记课文中的生词和词组用，重点词汇造句 (2)能正确阅读课文 (3)能正确翻译课文内容
2017/10/2
TYPES
OF AUTO
教学活动设计
★ New Words and Expressions ★ Text Lecture ★ Sentence Reference
汽车专业英语教程教案 (1-2)19页PPT文档
12～17 Indicates production sequence number生产顺序号 600001～999999 Lincoln/Mercury vehicles林肯/水星轿车
3、克莱斯勒汽车公司VIN编码规则与含义-1
位置号
含义
Nation of origin 车辆生产国
1
1-USA美国; 2-CANADA加拿大
位置号
含义
Indicates body type 车身类型 6～7 81～84 LincolnTown Car sedan 林肯四门轿车
8
Indicates engine cede发动机型号
W-4.6L V8
Indicates check digit工厂检验数字
9
0 through 9 or X 0-9或x
1、通用汽车公司凯迪拉克轿车VIN编码规则与含义-2
位置号
含义
Restraint code 乘员安全防护系统类型
7
2-manual belts with driver air bag 手动式安全带及驾驶
员安全气囊;4-passive belts 被动式安全带
8
Engine code 发动机型号
B-4.9L V8（L26）;Y-4.6L V8（LD8）; 9-4.6L V8 （L37）
Section2 Vehicle Identification Number（VIN） 第二节 进口汽车识别代码（VIN）
1、通用汽车公司凯迪拉克轿车VIN编码规则与含义 2、福特汽车公司林肯轿车VIN编码规则与含义 3、克莱斯勒汽车公司VIN编码规则与含义 4、奥迪汽车股份公司VIN编码规则与含义 5、奔驰汽车公司S系列轿车VIN编码规则与含义
汽车专业英语教程多媒体教学ppt课件
close contact with a large volume of air so that heat will transfer from the water to the air ．The radiator core is divided into two separate and intricate compartments ； water passes through one ，and air passes through the other．
The reservoir tank is connected to the overflow hose ． When the hot coolant expands in the radiator ，the
最大的零件，大
部分发动机的热 量由冷却液散发 至周围空气中， 如图7-28所示。 副水箱连接溢流 管，当热冷却液 在水箱内膨胀，
cooling system takes care of this additional heat ． Another important job of
the cooling system is to allow the
engine to heat up as quickly as possible ， and then to keep the engine at a constant temperature．
1
9
8 7
1— Reservoir Tank；副水箱 2— Pressure Cap；压力式水箱盖 3— Upper Tank；上水箱 4— Upper Hose；上水管 5— Lower Hose；下水管 6— Drain；放水塞 7— Lower Tank；下水箱 8— Radiator Core；水箱芯子 9—Overflow Hose；溢流管
The reservoir tank is connected to the overflow hose ． When the hot coolant expands in the radiator ，the
最大的零件，大
部分发动机的热 量由冷却液散发 至周围空气中， 如图7-28所示。 副水箱连接溢流 管，当热冷却液 在水箱内膨胀，
cooling system takes care of this additional heat ． Another important job of
the cooling system is to allow the
engine to heat up as quickly as possible ， and then to keep the engine at a constant temperature．
1
9
8 7
1— Reservoir Tank；副水箱 2— Pressure Cap；压力式水箱盖 3— Upper Tank；上水箱 4— Upper Hose；上水管 5— Lower Hose；下水管 6— Drain；放水塞 7— Lower Tank；下水箱 8— Radiator Core；水箱芯子 9—Overflow Hose；溢流管
电子课件-《汽车专业英语(第二版)》-B24-1273 Unit 1
• （2）An automobile has five basic components. （）
• （3）A cargo body belongs to the body of the truck. （ ）
Connect the following words
• 发动机ຫໍສະໝຸດ chassis• 底盘
body
The chassis includes power train, suspension system, steering system and braking system.
The body has two constructions , including body/frame construction and unitized construction. The body of the truck includes a cargo body and a driver’s room.
Electrical system includes battery , starter, alternator etc..
True or false
• （1）An automobile probably has about 7,000 different parts. They all make it run.（ ）
Part 3 Practice Material B:Chassis
Transmission system——sends the drive to the wheel Suspension system——absorbs the road shocks Steering system——controls the direction of movements Braking system——slows down the automobile
• （3）A cargo body belongs to the body of the truck. （ ）
Connect the following words
• 发动机ຫໍສະໝຸດ chassis• 底盘
body
The chassis includes power train, suspension system, steering system and braking system.
The body has two constructions , including body/frame construction and unitized construction. The body of the truck includes a cargo body and a driver’s room.
Electrical system includes battery , starter, alternator etc..
True or false
• （1）An automobile probably has about 7,000 different parts. They all make it run.（ ）
Part 3 Practice Material B:Chassis
Transmission system——sends the drive to the wheel Suspension system——absorbs the road shocks Steering system——controls the direction of movements Braking system——slows down the automobile
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crankcase 曲轴箱
section and the crankcase section. The
house 安装
crankcase section is used to house the
crankshaft 曲轴
crankshaft, oil pan. Cooling passageways are camshaft 凸轮轴
• 4. Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly piston 活塞
• The piston and connecting rod assembly transmits the power from combustion to the crankshaft. Shown in Fig.1-1-3 ,it mainly
• are two types of sleeves－wet and dry.
• Seals must be used on the top and bottom of the wet sleeve in order to keep the coolant from leaking out of the cooling system.
built within the block. These passageways, coolant 冷却液
also known as water sockets, surround the
oil pan 机油盘
cylinders. They allow coolant to circulate water socket
(气缸体) 2- cylinder
(气缸) 3- crankcase area
（曲轴箱部分）
• 2. Cylinder Liners
• The purpose of using a liner is that, if the cylinder is damaged, the liner can be removed and replaced rather easily. There
adequately
internally so that engine parts can be
充分地
adequately lubricated.
lubricate 润滑
Four-Cylinder Engine Cylinder Block (四缸发动机气缸体)
Fig. 1-1-1 1- cylinder block
System Engine Ignition, Starting and
Charging System Engine Diagnosis System
Unit 1 Engine Mechanical
• 1. Cylinder Block
• The engine block is the main supporting
Cylinder Head（气缸盖）
Fig. 1-1-2 1-cap(盖) 2- cylinder head
bolt（气缸盖螺栓） 3-exhaust manifold gasket
（排气歧管垫） 4-cylinder head gasket（气缸
盖垫片）5- intake manifold gasket(进气歧管垫) 6-cylinder head (气缸盖) 7-cylinder head cover gasket (气缸盖罩垫片)8- cylinder head cover (气缸盖罩）
Automobile Professional English
汽车专业英语
Vocabulary Study Translation Skills Exercises
Chapter One Engine
➢ Unit 1 ➢ Unit 2 nit 5
Engine Mechanical EFI System Engine Cooling and Lubrication
throughout the cylinder area to keep the
水套
engine cool. There is also a drilled
internally
passageway within some blocks for the
内部地
camshaft. Many oil holes are drilled
engine 发动机
structure to which all other engine parts are block 气缸体
attached. Fig. 1-1-1 shows a cylinder block. cylinder 气缸
It has two main sections: the cylinder
• 3. Cylinder Head
• The Cylinder head is used to hold the valves, and it has ports to allow air, fuel and exhaust to move through the engine. In addition, it has coolant passages. Fig.1-1-2 shows a cylinder head. After the cylinder head has been cast, some areas must be machined so that intake and exhaust manifolds can be attached, valves can be seated, spark plugs and injectors can be installed, and a good seal can be provided to the block.
liner（发动机)气 缸套
remove 拆下 replace 取代 seal 密封，封条 leak 使渗漏 valve 气门；阀 port 孔管道 exhaust 排气 in addition 另外 intake 进气，吸入 manifold 歧管 spark 火花 plug 塞子 injector 喷油器 install 安装